Abstract: There is provided a method of determining the position of a device using a satellite positioning system, the method comprising (a) operating a satellite positioning system receiver in the device to collect a plurality of sets of signals; and, when the position of the device is to be determined (b) processing a set of signals to determine if the set is likely to contain signals from satellites in the satellite positioning system; and (c) if it is determined in step (b) that the set of signals is likely to contain signals from satellites in the satellite positioning system, processing the set of signals to calculate the position of the device; (d) if it determined in step (b) that the set of signals is not likely to contain signals from satellites in the satellite positioning system, repeating steps (b), (c) and (d) with another set of signals.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications technologies, and provide a base station antenna and a base station antenna feed network. The base station antenna includes a transceiver array, a first-level vector synthesis network, a second-level phase shifter array, a second-level vector synthesis network, and an antenna unit array. By using the second-level vector synthesis network, the base station antenna makes phase differences between multiple vector signals sent to antenna units smoother, thereby extending an adjustable range of a downtilt on the premise that the number of transceivers is as small as possible.

Abstract: A method and associated processing module for an interconnection system, providing a pre-tap tuning directing and a post-tap tuning directing. The interconnection system includes a transmitter filter and a receiver equalizer; the transmitter filter performs filtering according to a pre-tap and a post-tap, and the receiver equalizer performs equalization according to an equalizer tap. The pre-tap tuning directing includes: forming an indicative pattern with a plurality of data samples and a transition sample from an equalized signal, comparing if the indicative pattern matches predetermined pattern(s), and accordingly directing whether the pre-tap is incremented/decremented. The post-tap tuning directing selects whether the post-tap is incremented/decremented according to a positive/negative sign of the equalizer tap.

Abstract: A video processing system for de-interlacing a video signal comprises a motion estimation block, a refinement motion estimation block, and a de-interlacer. The motion estimation block generates integer motion vectors for the video signal. The refinement motion estimation block generates fractional motion vectors as a function of the generated integer motion vectors and select frames of the video signal. The de-interlacer generates an output as a function of the generated fractional motion vectors and the selected frames of the video signal.

Abstract: An encoder includes a plurality of registers and is configured to: sequentially receive an array of coefficients, each of the coefficients being decomposed into a plurality of bits located at a plurality of corresponding bit positions of the coefficient; and concurrently operate on the plurality of bits of each of the coefficients.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus that compresses image data according to a compression parameter, includes: a data acquisition section that acquires information on whether photographing condition data is added to the image data inputted or not and content of the photographing condition data; a compression parameter determination section that determines the compression parameter according to an acquisition result of the photographing condition data in the data acquisition section; and a compression processing section that applies compression processing to the image data according to the determined compression parameter, wherein the photographing condition data includes information related to presence or absence of an optical low-pass filter at time of photographing an image of the image data.

Abstract: Provided is a method that constructs an MPM group including three intra prediction modes, determines the intra prediction mode of the MPM group specified by the prediction mode index as the intra prediction mode of the current prediction unit if the mode group indicator indicates the MPM group, and derives the intra prediction mode of the current prediction unit using the prediction mode index and the three prediction modes of the MPM group if the mode group indicator does not indicate the MPM group. Accordingly, additional bits resulted from increase of a number of intra prediction mode are effectively reduced. Also, an image compression ratio can be improved by generating a prediction block similar to an original block.

Abstract: Provided is a method that derives a chroma intra prediction mode of a prediction unit, determines a size of a current chroma block using luma transform size information, generates a chroma prediction block of the current chroma block using the chroma intra prediction mode, generates a chroma residual block of the current chroma block using the chroma intra prediction mode and a chroma quantization parameter, generates a chroma reconstructed block adding the chroma prediction block and the chroma residual block, and the chroma quantization parameter is generated using a luma quantization parameter and information indicating the relationship between the luma quantization parameter and the chroma quantization parameter. Therefore, the coding efficiency is improved by adjusting the chroma quantization parameter per picture. Also, the amount of bits for transmitting the luma and chroma quantization parameters is reduced by encoding the luma quantization parameter using neighboring luma quantization parameters.

Abstract: Provided is a method that derives a chroma intra prediction mode of a prediction unit, determines a size of a current chroma block using luma transform size information, generates a chroma prediction block of the current chroma block using the chroma intra prediction mode, generates a chroma residual block of the current chroma block using the chroma intra prediciton mode and a chroma quantization parameter, generates a chroma reconstructed block adding the chroma prediction block and the chroma residual block, and the chroma quantization parameter is generated using a luma quantization parameter and information indicating the relationship between the luma quantization parameter and the chroma quantization parameter. Therefore, the coding efficiency is improved by adjusting the chroma quantization parameter per picture. Also, the amount of bits for transmitting the luma and chroma quantization parameters is reduced by encoding the luma quantization parameter using neighboring luma quantization parameters.

Abstract: In one example, a device for coding video data includes a memory configured to store video data, and a video coder configured to code a value for a syntax element representative of whether a high bit depth is enabled for the video data, and when the value for the syntax element indicates that the high bit depth is enabled: code a value for a syntax element representative of the high bit depth for one or more parameters of the video data, code values for the parameters such that the values for the parameters are representative of bit depths that are based on the value for the syntax element representative of the high bit depth, and code the video data based at least in part on the values for the parameters.

Abstract: An example method for decoding video data includes receiving a plurality of syntax elements that define a component of a block vector for a current block of video data as part of intra block copying, and determining the component of the block vector based on the plurality of syntax elements by at least: determining, based on a first syntax element, whether or not an absolute value of the component of the block vector is nonzero; determining, based on a second syntax element, the absolute value of the component of the block vector minus an offset; determining, based on a third syntax element, whether the value of the component of the block vector is positive or negative; and determining, based on the first, second, and third syntax elements, whether or not the absolute value of the component of the block vector is greater than one.

Abstract: Provided is a method that constructs an MPM group including three intra prediction modes, determines the intra prediction mode of the MPM group specified by the prediction mode index as the intra prediction mode of the current prediction unit if the mode group indicator indicates the MPM group, and derives the intra prediction mode of the current prediction unit using the prediction mode index and the three prediction modes of the MPM group if the mode group indicator does not indicate the MPM group. Accordingly, additional bits resulted from increase of a number of intra prediction mode are effectively reduced. Also, an image compression ratio can be improved by generating a prediction block similar to an original block.

Abstract: Provided is a method that constructs an MPM group including three intra prediction modes, determines the intra prediction mode of the MPM group specified by the prediction mode index as the intra prediction mode of the current prediction unit if the mode group indicator indicates the MPM group, and derives the intra prediction mode of the current prediction unit using the prediction mode index and the three prediction modes of the MPM group if the mode group indicator does not indicate the MPM group. Accordingly, additional bits resulted from increase of a number of intra prediction mode are effectively reduced. Also, an image compression ratio can be improved by generating a prediction block similar to an original block.

Abstract: A motion estimation apparatus and method (carried out electronically) provides for encoding of multiview video, such as stereoscopic video, by providing motion estimation for pixels in a dependent eye view, using motion vector information from a colocated group of pixels in a base eye view and neighboring pixels to the colocated group of pixels in the base eye view. The method and apparatus encodes a group of pixels in a dependent eye view based on the estimated motion vector information. The method and apparatus may also include obtaining a frame of pixels that includes both base eye view pixels and dependent eye pixels so that, for example, frame compatible format packing can be employed. In one example, estimating the motion vector information for a block of pixels, for example, in a dependent eye view is based on a median value calculation of motion vectors for a block of pixels in a base eye view and motion vectors for neighboring blocks of pixels to the colocated group of pixels in the base eye view.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for encoding an image through motion vector prediction which can be applied to a three-dimensional image, an encoding device, a decoding method, and a decoding device. The encoding method is an encoding method for a current prediction unit in a three-dimensional image, and comprises the steps of: selecting a motion vector of a peripheral block having the same depth as a current prediction unit as a candidate prediction motion vector of the current prediction unit, among motion vectors of already-encoded peripheral blocks of the current prediction unit; and performing inter prediction based on the candidate prediction motion vector, predicting a motion vector of the current prediction unit, and transmitting the motion vector to a decoder. Thus, a candidate for a prediction motion vector can be efficiently selected with respect to a three-dimensional image having depth information.

Abstract: The method for processing video signals according to the present invention involves deriving an inter-view motion vector of the current texture block from one of inter-view motion vector candidates in consideration of a priority among the inter-view motion vector candidates of the current texture block, and performing inter-view inter-prediction for the current texture block using the derived inter-view motion vector. The present invention enables more accurate inter-view motion vector prediction from among various inter-view motion vector candidates, and thus a reduction in the amount of residual data being transmitted, thereby improving coding efficiency.

Abstract: A video coding system may perform inter-layer processing by simultaneously performing inverse tone mapping and color gamut conversion scalability processes on a base layer of a video signal. The video coding system may then perform upsampling on the processed base layer. The processed base layer may be used to code an enhancement layer. Bit depth may be considered for color gamut conversion modules. Luma and/or chroma bit depths may be aligned with respective larger or smaller bit depth values of luma and/or chroma.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for processing a video signal, which can increase the accuracy of the motion vector prediction through motion vector scaling which takes a difference in the temporal distance between reference pictures into consideration. To this end, the present invention provides a video signal processing method and a video signal processing apparatus using the same, and the method comprises the steps of: scaling at least one neighboring partition motion vector for a motion vector prediction of the current partition; scaling the neighboring partition motion vector, which has been selected, when the reference picture of the neighboring partition motion vector is different from the reference picture of the current partition; acquiring a motion vector prediction value of the current partition using the scaled motion vector; and acquiring a motion vector of the current partition using the motion vector prediction value.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus converts a frame size of a decoded moving image, determines a block size for re-encoding the decoded moving image with the frame size being converted, and encodes the decoded moving image with the frame size being converted in accordance with the determined block size.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sharing context among different SAO syntax elements for a video coder are disclosed. Embodiments of the present invention apply CABAC coding to multiple SAO syntax elements according to a joint context model, wherein the multiple SAO syntax elements share the joint context. The multiple SAO syntax elements may correspond to SAO merge left flag and SAO merge up flag. The multiple SAO syntax elements may correspond to SAO merge left flags or merge up flags associated with different color components. The joint context model can be derived based on joint statistics of the multiple SAO syntax elements. Embodiments of the present invention code the SAO type index using truncated unary binarization, using CABAC with only one context, or using CABAC with context mode for the first bin associated with the SAO type index and with bypass mode for any remaining bin.

Abstract: A technique for generating a bit log-likelihood ratio (LLR) in a communication system includes generating a demodulated signal based on a received symbol and a reference symbol. An input for a bit LLR generator is generated based on the demodulated signal and a normalization value that is based on the received symbol or the reference symbol. A bit LLR is generated for the received symbol, using the bit LLR generator, based on the input.

Abstract: A system includes an analog front end (AFE) unit to be coupled to a power line network, and a controller coupled to the AFE unit. More specifically, the AFE unit is to receive a packet signal from the power line network wherein, based on a first gain parameter, the AFE unit is to amplify the received packet signal. The controller is configured to calculate a root-mean-square (RMS) power of the amplified packet signal. Further, the AFE unit is to calculate a second gain parameter based on the calculated RMS power of the amplified packet signal and the first gain parameter, wherein the second gain parameter is to be used to amplify the received packet signal instead of the first gain parameter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining a precoding matrix indicator, a user equipment UE, a base station eNB, and a system. The method includes: receiving a reference signal sent by a base station; selecting, based on the reference signal, a precoding matrix from a codebook, where a precoding matrix W included in the codebook is a product of two matrices W1 and W2, where W1 is a block diagonal matrix, where each block matrix is a Kronecker product of a matrix Ai and a matrix Bi; and sending a precoding matrix indicator PMI to the base station, where the PMI corresponds to the selected precoding matrix, so that the base station obtains the precoding matrix according to the PMI.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for mapping/demapping a resource efficiently in a wireless communication system are provided. A resource mapping method of a transmitter in a wireless communication system includes precoding pairs of symbols, arranging the pairs of precoded symbols adjacently in a resource block, and transmitting the pairs of precoded symbols in the resource block.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for mapping/demapping a resource efficiently in a wireless communication system are provided. A resource mapping method of a transmitter in a wireless communication system includes precoding pairs of symbols, arranging the pairs of precoded symbols adjacently in a resource block, and transmitting the pairs of precoded symbols in the resource block.

Abstract: An embedded system and, in particular, a communication protocol suitable for a data transmission using auxiliary physical channels of such an embedded system. A transmission method suitable for such a channel includes the transmission of a data signal based on the encoding of three symbols. The message consists of a preamble allowing recognition of the symbols used, followed by the significant part of the message. The decoding of the message comprises a first step of learning the symbols used, prior to the decoding of the significant part of the message.

Abstract: An identification provider provides predetermined identification data to an input signal, and generates a first signal. A differential encoder performs a differential encoding of a data series that is an aggregate of data having a matching number of elements to that contained in the first signal, and generates a second signal. A modulator modulates each of the first and second signals using a primary modulation, and generates first and second modulated data. An IFFT calculator performs an inverse fast Fourier transformation on each of the first and second modulated data, and generates first and second inverse transformed data. A selector compares peak-to-average power ratios calculated by baseband signals associated with the first and second inverse transformed data, and selects a baseband signal having the lower peak-to-average power ratio. A transmitter generates a transmission signal based on the selected baseband signal, and transmits the transmission signal.

Abstract: A signal transmission approach comprises encoding a source signal (comprising a plurality of source symbols) to generate a corresponding encoded signal. The encoded signal is modulated by mapping each source symbol to a respective signal constellation point of an applied signal constellation to generate a modulated signal. The modulated signal is pre-distorted based on a distortion estimate to generate a pre-distorted signal. The pre-distorted signal is filtered to generate a filtered signal. The filtered signal is frequency translated and amplified to generate a transmission signal for transmission via an uplink channel of a satellite communications system. To increase throughput, the source signal is processed through the apparatus and the resulting transmission signal is generated at a Faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) symbol rate and with a tight frequency roll-off.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an exciter comprises a sine wave generator, a filter, a digital/analog converter, and a quadrature modulator. The sine wave generator generates a first sine wave and a second sine wave while changing a frequency in a predetermined step at a preset time interval. The filter sets one of stored filter coefficients and performs filter processing for the first sine wave and the second sine wave. The digital/analog converter converts the first sine wave and the second sine wave after the filter processing into a first analog signal and a second analog signal, respectively. The quadrature modulator quadrature-modulates the first analog signal and the second analog signal.

Abstract: A power amplifying apparatus and a method for effectively controlling a bias voltage of a power amplifier are provided. An electronic device includes a baseband signal processor configured to convert a baseband signal to an envelope signal, a power amplifier configured to amplify a Radio Frequency (RF) signal based on the baseband signal, a power modulator configured to modulate an input voltage to a bias voltage of the power amplifier based on the envelope signal, and a power controller configured to control an operation of the power modulator according to a characteristic of the baseband signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for implementing and using multiband transceiver architectures. In a transmit subsystem that comprises a plurality of transmit paths, a frequency spectrum that is used for transmission of signals may be segmented into a plurality of segments, and each of the segments may be allocated to one of the plurality of transmit paths. Further, performance in each of the plurality of transmit paths may be monitored during transmission of signals, and operation of the transmit subsystem and each of the plurality of transmit paths may be controlled based on the monitored performance. Such control may comprise dynamically performing one or more of modifying operation of one or more of the plurality of transmit paths, modifying assignment of plurality of segments to the plurality of transmit paths, and modifying segmentation of the frequency spectrum.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a digital broadcast transmitting device and an exciter have an AGC function. In a level adjusting unit which receives an input of a baseband digital signal from a modulation processing unit, a comparator generates an error signal from a difference between a level signal obtained by digitizing a feedback signal from a power amplifier by A/D converter and a reference voltage generated by a reference generating unit, and an AGC multiplier/divider carries out digital multiplying/dividing coefficient to the baseband digital signal with or by a gain coefficient such that the error signal becomes 0. Thereby, AGC which controls transmission output from the power amplifier at a fixed level is carried out.

Abstract: A method of filtering an input sample stream having a downsampling rate is disclosed to generate an output sample stream having an upsampling rate that is less than the downsampling rate. The input sample stream is input to a rate change filter having multiple filter branches. The input sample stream is filtered at each of the multiple filter branches to output filtered sample substreams. Each of the multiple filter branches have filter coefficients corresponding to a different phase of the filter response. The filtered sample substreams are stored in a memory and the stored filtered sample substreams are combined to generate the output sample stream.

Abstract: This invention discloses a data receiving device and method thereof for identifying a transmission mode of a data signal. The method includes steps of: generating a first reference clock according to a source clock; generating a phase detection signal according to the data signal and a data recovery clock; adjusting the phase of the first reference clock according to the phase detection signal to generate the data recovery clock; generating a second reference clock according to the phase detection signal and the first reference clock, the second reference clock and the data recovery clock having the same frequency and a phase difference; detecting the transmission mode according to the second reference clock and the data signal to generate a mode signal; and deciding whether to change the frequency of the first reference clock according to the mode signal.

Abstract: A device (101) for data-reception using amplitude modulation, comprises a coil (121) having a coil terminal (123) and being adapted to receive an amplitude modulated electromagnetic wave (116), whereupon an amplitude modulated signal (Vb) is induced in the coil (121) and provided at the coil terminal (123), the amplitude modulated signal (Vb) comprising a positive voltage portion (325, 427) and a negative voltage portion (324,428); and an adjustment circuit (125, 300,400) connected via an input terminal (129, 302,403) to the coil terminal (123), wherein the adjustment circuit is adapted: to adjust the amplitude modulated signal such as to reduce the positive voltage portion (325,427) by a constant amount (?) and to provide the adjusted amplitude modulated signal (129, 323,425) at an output terminal (131,317,427) of the adjustment circuit (125, 300,400).

Abstract: A method and system for pseudorandom noise (“PN”) phase detection in digital terrestrial multimedia broadcast (“DTMB”) receivers. This method selects a detection range of symbols from a frame of the received signal; applies FFT to the PN portion of each of the symbols in the detection range to generate Hn(k); applies phase rotation to Hn(k) to obtain phase rotated for the PN portion of the symbols in the detection range; applies differential operations to to generate Hpd ; sums the Hpd to generated Hsum; calculates a value Q as a function of Hsum; and determines the PN phase offset as a function of Q and a predefined threshold.

Abstract: A technique for detecting symbols includes performing an over-sized discrete Fourier transform (DFT) operation on a received signal that includes at least two repeated symbols. A sum of signal characteristics for subcarriers of one or more possible symbols are determined based on the DFT operation. A sum of signal characteristics for non-subcarriers of the one or more possible symbols is determined based on the DFT operation. Finally, a determination is made as to whether one or more of the one or more possible symbols is detected based on the sum of signal characteristics for the subcarriers and sum of signal characteristics for the non-subcarriers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a signal demodulation method and device. The method includes: obtaining a symbol probability parameter, where the symbol probability parameter comprises: an amplitude ry and a phase angle ?y of a receive signal, an amplitude rxj and a phase angle ?xj of each constellation point xj in a decision constellation point set, and a standard deviation ?n of Gaussian noise and a standard deviation ?? of phase noise; calculating, according to the symbol probability parameter, a symbol probability that a transmit signal is each constellation point xj in the decision constellation point set; and performing demodulation according to the symbol probability, and outputting demodulation information. The present invention improves an anti-phase-noise capability.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for wireless communication are provided. The apparatus determines whether a timing offset between a PCC and an SCC possibly exceeds a threshold. In addition, the apparatus switches an amplifier gain utilizing one of a first set of gain states or a second set of gain states based on the determination that the timing offset possibly exceeds the threshold. The first set of gain states includes a first number of gain states, and the second set of gain states includes a second number of gain states less than the first number of gain states.

Abstract: The present invention relates to method for detection of symbols, comprising: receiving at least one communication signal y transmitted over a radio channel H, and receiving a priori LLRs of said channel inputs x; computing soft symbol estimates ? and variance D of said channel inputs x based on LLRs of said channel inputs x; filtering and interference cancelling said received signal y by using a first filter and filtered soft symbol estimates ? so as to obtain a filtered and interference cancelled received signal; estimating MSE matrix B of said filtered and interference cancelled received signal; computing an optimal matrix Gopt for a BCJR algorithm based on said MSE estimate B; further filtering said filtered and interference cancelled received signal by using a second filter so as to obtain an input signal r to the BCJR algorithm; and feeding said input signal r into the BCJR algorithm.

Abstract: Indication of an amount of processing performed in detection and removal of ingress noise may be provided. A frequency domain representation of a narrowband region of a digital input signal may be received. The received frequency domain representation of the narrowband region may be compared with a predetermined threshold. Results from the comparison of the received frequency domain representation of the narrowband region with the predetermined threshold may be aggregated. Based on the aggregated results, an indication of an amount of processing performed by an ingress exciser in removing the ingress noise may be provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for tracking and mitigating phase noise in a communication receiver are disclosed. The phase noise tracking and mitigation apparatus operates in a recursive manner and includes a quantizer for determining data symbols from noise-compensated input values, a phase noise estimator for determining raw phase noise values from the data symbols and a first sequence of uncompensated input values, an error concealment module for removing unreliable samples from the raw phase noise values, a filter operable to filter the raw phase noise values to produce filtered phase noise values, and a phase-noise compensator for determining noise-compensated output values dependent upon the filtered phase noise values and the first sequence of uncompensated input values. Filter coefficients, and initial noise-compensated input values are determined from one or more second sequences of uncompensated input values corresponding to known symbols corrupted by phase noise.

Abstract: System, methods and apparatus are described that facilitate transmission of data over a multi-wire data communications link, particularly between two devices within an electronic apparatus. Each symbol in a sequence of symbols received from a plurality of signal wires is received in an odd transmission interval or an even transmission interval. A first clock signal is generated from transitions in signaling state of the wires occurring between each odd transmission interval and a consecutive even transmission interval. A second clock signal is generated from transitions in signaling state of the plurality of wires occurring between each even transmission interval and a consecutive odd transmission interval. The first and second clock signals are used to capture symbols received in even and odd transmission intervals, respectively.

Abstract: System, methods and apparatus are described that facilitate transmission of data, particularly between two devices within an electronic apparatus. A first transition may be detected in a signal carried on a data lane of a data communications link or carried on a timing lane of the data communications link and an edge may be generated on a receiver clock signal based on the first transition. Data may be captured from the data lane using the receiver clock signal. The timing lane may carry a clock signal, a strobe signal or another signal providing timing information. The strobe signal may transition between signaling states when no state transition occurs on any of a plurality of data lanes at a boundary between consecutive data periods.

Abstract: System, methods and apparatus are described that facilitate tests and measurements related to multi-wire, multi-phase communications links. Information is transmitted in N-phase polarity encoded symbols and an eye pattern corresponding to the symbols may be generated such that the symbols are aligned with a trigger for each symbol that corresponds to a clock edge used to sample the symbols. The eye pattern may be used to determine sufficiency of setup times in the communication links and other such characteristics defining a communications channel capabilities.

Abstract: A method and device for synchronizing the recording of data in pipeline networks, in which at least two sensor units arranged spaced apart are disposed for detecting a leak, each sensor unit including at least one sensor for registering an analog signal, at least one GPS receiver and at least one communication module which communicates by radio with at least one data logger, characterized in that the synchronization for the purpose of recording data is started via a GPS trigger pulse from at least one GPS satellite.

Abstract: A clock distribution module for a digital synchronous system is described. The clock distribution module comprising a first node arranged to comprise a clock signal comprising a propagation delay relative to a reference clock signal, at least one further node arranged to comprise a clock signal comprising a propagation delay relative to the reference clock signal corresponding to that of the first node, and a clock configuration module. The clock configuration module is arranged to receive at least one indication of clock skew between the first node and at least one further node of the clock distribution module, and to selectively couple the first node to the at least one further node based at least partly on the at least one indication of clock skew there between.

Abstract: Embodiments of a system and method for synchronizing chains in a transceiver using central synchronization signals are generally described herein. In some embodiments, an RF signal having a reference frequency in a differential mode and a synchronization signal having a second frequency being the reference frequency divided by an integer in a common mode are produced at a oscillator generation circuit. The RF signal having a reference frequency in a differential mode and the synchronization signal having a second frequency being the reference frequency divided by an integer in a common mode are provided over each of a plurality of LO lines to a plurality of local LO generation circuit chains. Each synchronization signal having a second frequency being the reference frequency divided by an integer in a common mode is extracted at the plurality of local LO generation circuit chains.

Abstract: A method for a first electronic device processing data based on information from a second electronic device may comprise: receiving a first signal from the second electronic device; extracting a first clock based on the first signal; adjusting an oscillator based on the first clock so as to generate a second clock; and selecting one from the first and second clocks. In an embodiment of the present invention, the first electronic device may be configured to be hot plugged into the second electronic device. The method may further comprise processing a data stream from the second electronic device based on said selecting said one from the first and second clocks. The method may further comprise transmitting a data stream to the second electronic device based on said selecting said one from the first and second clocks.

Abstract: A system and method for producing and controlling high thrust and desirable specific impulse from a continuous fusion reaction is disclosed. The resultant relatively small rocket engine will have lower cost to develop, test, and operate that the prior art, allowing spacecraft missions throughout the planetary system and beyond. The rocket engine method and system includes a reactor chamber and a heating system produce fusion reactions the stable plasma. Magnets produce a magnetic field that confines the stable plasma. A fuel injection system and a propellant injection system are included. Cold propellant into a gas box for converting a cold propellant into a warm propellant plasma at one end of the reactor chamber. The propellant and fusion products are directed out of the reactor chamber through a magnetic nozzle and are detached from the magnetic field lines producing thrust.