Abstract: A heat exchanger type reaction tube includes a first tube part that forms a first flow channel into which a feed gas flows and in which the feed gas moves down; a second tube part that forms a second flow channel which is connected to the first flow channel and in which the feed gas moves up and that has a granular catalyst carrying support medium charged therein; and a heating device that heats the first tube part and the second tube part. Then, the first flow channel and the second flow channel are adjacent to each other while being separated from each other by a partition wall, and the second flow channel is provided with a distributor which holds the catalyst carrying support medium and through which the feed gas passes.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to a protective coating that protects an underlying chamber component (i.e. the object upon which the coating is being deposited) from corrosion or deterioration within a corrosive environment.

Abstract: A temperature controlled showerhead assembly for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chambers enhances heat dissipation to provide accurate temperature control of the showerhead face plate and maintain temperatures substantially lower than surrounding components. Heat dissipates by conduction through a showerhead stem and removed by the heat exchanger mounted outside of the vacuum environment. Heat is supplied by a heating element inserted into the steam of the showerhead. Temperature is controlled using feedback supplied by a temperature sensor installed in the stem and in thermal contact with the face plate.

Abstract: A multiple number of accurately-patterned metal layers can be formed on a substrate. On a substrate 11, a patterned first metal layer 12 is formed (see FIG. 1A), and then, a metal sacrificial layer 15 is formed on the first metal layer 12 (see FIG. 1B). Further, an aqueous solution containing an ionized metal allowed to be substituted with a metal of the metal sacrificial layer 15 is coated on the metal sacrificial layer 15, so that a catalyst layer 16 is formed on the metal sacrificial layer 15 (see FIG. 1E) . Thereafter, a second metal layer 18 is formed on the catalyst layer 16 by performing an electroless plating process (see FIG. 1F). Furthermore, the substrate 11 is etched by using the second metal layer 18 as a mask.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a bright surface product comprises a step of performing electroless plating to form a first metal film on a base coat layer formed on a substrate, a step of performing electrolytic plating to form a second metal film thereon so that the bonding strength between each film of a multi-layered metal film comprising the first metal film and the second film is higher than the bonding strength between the base coat layer and the first metal layer, a step of integrally and discontinuously segmentalizing the multi-layered metal film with cracks to form an island-like metal film comprising a collection of fine multi-layered metal regions with island-like structures; and a step of forming a translucent top coat layer to cover the fine multi-layered metal regions of the island-like metal film and enter into the cracks to make contact with the base coat layer.

Abstract: A method for applying a coating to a substrate surface is provided. The method involves cold spraying a coating material against the surface of the substrate at a first velocity. The first velocity is lower in magnitude than a critical velocity. The method also involves cold spraying the coating material against the surface of the substrate at a second velocity. The second velocity is greater in magnitude than the critical velocity. The critical velocity is a threshold velocity below which the coating material is substantially deflected by the surface of the substrate and above which the coating material substantially adheres to the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A conversion coating composition comprising 0.01 wt % to 0.2 wt % of phosphorous (P); 0.01 wt % to 0.2 wt % of magnesium (Mg); 0.005 wt % to 0.15 wt % of zirconium (Zr); 0.005 wt % to 0.15 wt % of titanium (Ti); 0.005 wt % to 0.15 wt % of vanadium (V); 0.05 wt % to 1 wt % of phenol resin; the balance of water and other unavoidable impurities is provided. A surface treated steel sheet comprising a base steel sheet; a zinc or zinc alloy plated layer formed on the base steel sheet; a blackening layer formed on the zinc or zinc alloy plated layer; and an organic and inorganic complex conversion coating layer formed on the blackening layer, wherein the organic and inorganic complex conversion coating layer may satisfy the weight ratio of P:Mg:Zr:Ti:V=1:0.045 to 2:0.035 to 1.5:0.035 to 1.3:0.035 to 1.5 (based on the weight of P) is also provided. A method for manufacturing a steel sheet treated with the conversion coating composition is also provided.

Abstract: The production method of the galvannealed steel sheet includes: performing a hot dip galvanization on a steel sheet; performing an alloying and forming a galvannealed layer; performing a skin pass rolling at an elongation ratio of 0.3% or more; applying a treatment liquid on a surface of the galvannealed layer using a roll coater, and allowing the treatment liquid to react with the surface immediately after the application to form a mixed layer; in the forming the mixed layer: a first applied part is formed in the mixed layer using the protrusions of the roll coater; and a second applied part is formed in the mixed layer using the recesses of the roll coater; the second applied part having an attached amount of P of 20 mg/m2 or more, a surface area of the second applied part being 20% to 80% of a surface areas of the mixed layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing an aluminum matrix composite by infiltrating aluminum into a preform within a short period of time without a pressurization configuration using a special device as compared to the existing pressure infiltration method. According to one aspect of the present invention, provided is a method for preparing an aluminum matrix composite using pressureless infiltration, the method including: preparing a preform formed of a mixture of raw powders capable of forming ceramic through a combustion synthesis reaction; immersing the preform in an aluminum melt, in which a part of the preform is exposed to an external environment without being immersed in the aluminum melt; and infiltrating molten aluminum into the preform while causing a combustion synthesis reaction in the preform.

Abstract: A hot rolled steel sheet consisting of, in mass %, C: 0.05% to 0.15%, Si: 0% to 0.2%, Al: 0.5% to 3.0%, Mn: 1.2% to 2.5%, P: 0.1% or less, S: 0.01% or less, N: 0.007% or less, Ti: 0.03% to 0.10%, Nb: 0.008% to 0.06%, V: 0% to 0.12%, one or more of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Mo: 0% to 2.0% in total, B: 0% to 0.005%, one or more of Ca, Mg, La, and Ce: 0% to 0.01% in total, total amount of Si and Al: 0.8×(Mn?1)% or more, total amount of Ti and Nb: 0.04% to 0.14%, and the balance: Fe and impurities. In a structure of steel, a total area ratio of martensite and retained austenite is 3% to 20%, an area ratio of ferrite is 50% to 96%, and an area ratio of pearlite is 3% or less. In a superficial layer part, the thickness in a sheet thickness direction of a region in which a network-like oxide is present is less than 0.5 ?m, and a maximum tensile strength is 720 MPa or more.

Abstract: To provide a means by which polishing rate can further be improved in a polishing composition to be used for an application of polishing an object to be polished containing a metal element or a semimetal element. Oxo acid containing a metal element or a semimetal element, and water are contained in a polishing composition to be used for an application of polishing an object to be polished containing a metal element or a semimetal element.

Abstract: A composite includes a substrate and at least a resin composition formed on the substrate. A surface of the substrate is defined a plurality of micro-pores therein. The resin composition is coupled to the surface having the micro-pores by the resin composition filling and hardening within the micro-pores. The resin composition contains crystalline thermoplastic synthetic resins. A method for making the composite is also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for inhibiting corrosion on corrosion-sensitive metal with a bacterial exopolysaccharide. Specifically, exopolysaccharides precipitated from NRRL bacterial strains B-1254, B-1355, B-1498, and B-1500 coated on low carbon steel alloy confers anti-corrosion coating to corrosion sensitive metals. Preferably with the coating, the corrosion rate for coated metal is less than 0.4 milli-inch per year.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and a method for providing corrosion protection of a metallic structure using time varying electromagnetic wave. The system comprises: a generator for generating electromagnetic wave having a time varying frequency, said generator having at least two output terminals in electrical connection respectively with first and second excitation sites positioned in a spaced manner on the metallic structure, allowing for subjecting the metallic structure to the electromagnetic wave; and an electric power source connected to the generator for applying a driving voltage to the generator to drive the generation of the electromagnetic wave; wherein the driving voltage and/or the frequency of the electromagnetic wave are selected such that the metallic structure is energized to form in-situ a passive oxidized species of the metal on a surface of the metallic structure, which species is insusceptible to corrosion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a component (8) comprising a substrate made of chromia-former metal alloy (82), the basic element of which is iron (Fe) or nickel (Ni), wherein the substrate has two main planar faces. According to the invention:—one of the main planar faces is coated with a coating comprising a thick layer of ceramic (80), grooved to delimit channels (800) suitable for the distribution and/or collection of gases, such as H2O water vapour, H2 or air, and/or—one of the main planar faces is coated with a thick metal layer (81), grooved to delimit channels (810) suitable for the distribution and/or collection of gases, such as H2O water vapour, H2, O2 or draining gas. The invention also relates to the associated production processes.

Abstract: The disclosure of the present application provides systems, and methods for the generation of hydrogen. In at least one example of u system of the present application, the device is operable to couple to a combustion engine. In at least one example, hydrogen generated by the hydrogen generating system is operable to increase the fuel combustion efficiency of a combustion engine.

Abstract: A method for production of disinfectant with active chlorine concentration in the range 0-6000 ppm from a flow through diaphragm-electrolyser with one of the aims to reduce the volume of disinfectant for its transportation to the point of usage.

Abstract: A method reducing carbon dioxide to one or more organic products may include steps (A) to (E). Step (A) may introduce an anolyte to a first compartment of an electrochemical cell. The first compartment may include an anode. Step (B) may introduce a catholyte and carbon dioxide to a second compartment of the electrochemical cell. Step (C) may oxidize an indium cathode to produce an oxidized indium cathode. Step (D) may introduce the oxidized indium cathode to the second compartment. Step (E) may apply an electrical potential between the anode and the oxidized indium cathode sufficient for the oxidized indium cathode to reduce the carbon dioxide to a reduced product.

Abstract: Catalytic compounds, catalytic electrodes comprising such compounds useful for generating formate from carbon dioxide, and methods of regenerating such electrodes are described. The catalytic compounds are in general compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II): wherein: each R is independently H or a C1-C30 hydrocarbyl radical; each R1 is independently a C1-C30 hydrocarbyl radical; each X is independently selected from O and CH2; L is a covalent bond or linking group; Z is an at least one planar pi-bond containing organic group; each Q is a neutral two-electron donor ligand; n is 1 or 2; and A? is a non-coordinating counter-anion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a busbar arrangement for heavy-duty aluminium electrolysers when said electrolysers have a longitudinal position. The busbar arrangement comprises anode busbars, risers and cathode rods, which are divided into groups, each of which is connected to separate cathode busbars, wherein the cathode busbars for the groups of rods closest to the input end of the preceding electrolyser are connected to the risers positioned at the input end of the following electrolyser, and the remaining groups of cathode rods are connected to the risers at the output end of the following electrolyser.

Abstract: A device for reducing CO2 by light, including: a cathode chamber holding a first electrolyte solution that contains CO2; an anode chamber holding a second electrolyte solution; a proton conducting membrane disposed in a connecting portion between these chambers; a cathode electrode; and an anode electrode. The cathode electrode has a CO2 reduction reaction region composed of a metal or a metal compound, and the anode electrode has a photochemical reaction region composed of nitride semiconductors. The photochemical reaction region of the anode electrode has a multilayer structure of a GaN layer and an AlxGa1-xN layer containing Mg (0<x?0.25). The content of Mg in the AlxGa1-xN layer is 1×1015 or more and 1×1019 or less in terms of the number of Mg atom per cm3. The anode electrode is disposed in such a manner that the AlxGa1-xN layer can be exposed to light.

Abstract: It is described a process for extracting magnesium from magnesium-bearing materials comprising the steps of leaching the magnesium-bearing material with HCl as to obtain a leachate comprising the magnesium in solution and a solid form; purify said leachate to produce magnesium chloride and electrolysing the magnesium chloride producing magnesium metal.

Abstract: An electrolytic cathode assembly includes an electrically conductive hanger bar, a deposition plate attached along an upper end to the hanger bar to define a joint, and a protective covering generally surrounding the hanger bar and a portion of an upper end of the deposition plate so as to substantially enclose the joint. The protective covering may be die formed from bending a sheet of material. A corrosion resistant material is injected into a channel between the protective covering and the hanger bar to form a substantially continuous seal extending around the hanger bar, thereby to at least hinder fluid flow into the protective covering.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for monitoring, in real time, the electric current that passes through each one of a plurality of single cathodes or anodes forming an electrolytic cell. The system comprises a plurality of sensor means including Hall Effect sensors. The sensor means are arranged for current measurement and thermal drift correction. Such sensors are located in a sensor bar which includes a protecting shield which provides magnetic shielding and also prevents corrosion. The present invention enables a more accurate measurement of the current of each electric unit within the electrolytic cell (cathode or anode) by using a ferromagnetic barrier acting as a magnetic shield in order to reduce the effects of magnetic fields adjacent to the target one and by correcting the measurement based on heat factors that may alter the measurement.

Abstract: An electroplating cell includes: (i) an anode chamber in which an anode chamber solution is stored; and (ii) a separator that includes a base material and an organic plating additive contained in the base material, separates the anode chamber and a cathode from each other, and selectively allows permeation of metal ions contained in the anode chamber solution.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is an electrolyte composition for depositing copper on semiconductor substrates covered with a barrier layer. This electrolyte contains the combination of imidazole and 2,2?-bipyridine, used as suppressor, and of thiodiglycolic acid, used as accelerator. The combination of these additives makes it possible to obtain a bottom-up filling on trenches of very small width, typically of less than 100 nm.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a metal material is provided. The method includes steps of manufacturing a metal material in which oxygen atoms are dispersed, and forming a protective coating on a surface of the metal material by using an anode oxidation treatment, wherein the oxygen atoms in the metal material are supplied to the surface of the metal material during the anode oxidation treatment, so that the metal material and the protective coating are interface-bonded to each other substantially without pores therebetween or without an interface layer in which pores are formed, thereby improving corrosion resistance, as compared to a protective coating formed on a surface of a metal material in which oxygen atoms are not dispersed.

Abstract: Disclosed are cup assemblies for holding, sealing, and providing electrical power to a semiconductor substrate during electroplating which may include a cup bottom element having a main body portion and a moment arm, an elastomeric sealing element disposed on the moment arm, and an electrical contact element disposed on the elastomeric sealing element. The main body portion may be such that it does not substantially flex when a substrate is pressed against the moment arm, and it may be rigidly affixed to another feature of the cup structure. The ratio of the average vertical thickness of the main body portion to that of the moment arm may be greater than about 5. The electrical contact element may have a substantially flat but flexible contact portion disposed upon a substantially horizontal portion of the sealing element. The elastomeric sealing element may be integrated with the cup bottom element during manufacturing.

Abstract: Methods described herein manage wafer entry into an electrolyte so that air entrapment due to initial impact of the wafer and/or wafer holder with the electrolyte is reduced and the wafer is moved in such a way that an electrolyte wetting wave front is maintained throughout immersion of the wafer also minimizing air entrapment.

Abstract: In various embodiments, non-zero thermal gradients are formed within a growth chamber both substantially parallel and substantially perpendicular to the growth direction during formation of semiconductor crystals, where the ratio of the two thermal gradients (parallel to perpendicular) is less than 10, by, e.g., arrangement of thermal shields outside of the growth chamber.

Abstract: In various embodiments, methods of forming single-crystal AlN include providing a substantially undoped polycrystalline AlN ceramic having an oxygen concentration less than approximately 100 ppm, forming a single-crystal bulk AlN crystal by a sublimation-recondensation process at a temperature greater than approximately 2000° C., and cooling the bulk AlN crystal to a first temperature between approximately 1500° C. and approximately 1800° C. at a first rate less than approximately 250° C./hour.

Abstract: The present invention relates to composites comprising rigid-rod polymers and graphene nanoparticles, processes for the preparation thereof, nanocomposite films and fibers comprising such composites and articles containing such nanocomposite films and fibers.

Abstract: Provided is a polyether polyamide fiber including a polyether polyamide in which a diamine constituent unit thereof is derived from a specified polyether diamine compound and a xylylenediamine, and a dicarboxylic acid constituent unit thereof is derived from an ?,?-linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A composite material includes a first component and a second component, each surrounded by a thermoplastic material. The thermoplastic material is joined in a material bond to each of the first component and the second component.

Abstract: A melt-spinning process and a melt-spinning apparatus produce a crimped yarn. By means of a spinning device, a filament bundle is generated from a thermoplastic polymer, is drawn after cooling and is compressed into a yarn plug in a stuffing chamber. The yarn plug is opened up into a crimped yarn and wound into a bobbin. In order to obtain as high a crimp resistance of the yarn as possible, amorphous fractions in the molecular structure of the yarn material are avoided after drawing. This is achieved by means of relaxation treatment after drawing and before compression, a minimum yarn pull force of >0.05 cN/dtex with a relaxation temperature in the range of 120° C. to 245° C. being maintained.

Abstract: A conductive yarn and an apparatus for making the same are disclosed. The conductive yarn comprises a non-conductive core thread and a fine metal thread wound around the surface of the non-conductive core thread. The fine metal thread is guided by the apparatus to wind around the surface of the non-conductive core thread in a spiral form. The apparatus comprises a base station, an axle on the base station, and a spool set on the axle for twisting the fine metal thread. The core thread passes through the center of the axle, and the axle is driven by a power to drive the spool to rotate, whereby winding the fine metal thread around the surface of the non-conductive core thread so as to form an elastic and flexible conductive yarn.

Abstract: This invention relates to an aramid fabric and an airbag for a vehicle including the same, and more specifically, to an aramid fabric and an airbag for a vehicle including the same, wherein the aramid fabric can endure high levels of impact force and can exhibit superior air sealing performance, dimensional stability and packing property, and can thus be adapted for use in an external airbag for a vehicle. The aramid fabric includes an aramid fabric layer including an aramid yarn having a fineness of 300 to 1000 denier; and a rubber coating layer formed on the aramid fabric layer, wherein the strength-elongation index (TIwa) in a warp direction of the fabric as defined by a predetermined equation is 2.8 to 4.8, and the coating amount of the rubber coating layer is 20 to 100 g/m2.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an industrial two-layer fabric which exhibits excellent air permeability with good wear resistance to prevent the wire mark or the hydration mark, while exhibits high rigidity. The present invention includes at least one upper surface side fabric constituted by upper surface side warps and upper surface side wefts, at least one lower surface side fabric constituted by lower surface side warps and lower surface side wefts, and lower surface side warps serving as binding weft yarns, and includes three upper surface side warps arranged to be adjacent to each other in the upper surface side fabric, whereby the upper surface side wefts pass over three consecutive upper surface side warps, and then, pass under one upper surface side warp to pass over another upper surface side warp, and then, passes under three consecutive upper surface side warps.

Abstract: An article of apparel is formed of a woven textile structure including channels formed by selectively removing warp and/or weft yarns from the textile structure. Specifically, the removed yarns define engineered apertures within textile structure. The apertures, oriented along the warp and weft directions, provide an article of apparel with good breathability and air permeability properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a prosthesis comprising a knitted structure made in one piece, in which method a knit (1) comprising a base sheet (2) and a succession of perpendicular folds (3) is produced in a single knitting step, and said knit (1) is then cut on each side of said folds (3) in order to obtain said knitted structure.

Abstract: A module element for driving and retaining braiding bobbin carriers on a predetermined bobbin path has at least one base element that can rotate about an axis of rotation, and at least one retaining element that is formed integrally with the base element. The retaining element is configured to releasably hold at least one braiding bobbin carrier offset from the rotary axis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel needle-punched nonwoven felt fabric which is made of same or substantially similar melting point short fibers of same type or different types, preferably made of one melting point short fibers of same type, wherein the felt fabric is stiff enough to be self-sustaining and has the ability of shape maintenance. The felt fabric exhibits excellent pleatability, moldability and compressive strength. The invention also provides a method for manufacturing the felt fabric, and a filter comprising the felt fabric used as the material of a filter element of the filter, wherein the filter element requires no support structure to stand alone and persistently retains its shape. The present invention further provides use of the felt fabric as a sound absorbing material.

Abstract: A compensating device (1) for fluctuating transport speeds of a fiber nonwoven (3). The compensating device (1) has a buffer belt (2) driven in a loop with three or four or more deflection points (12, 13, 14, 15, 16) and with a variable sag (11) of the carrying run supporting the fiber nonwoven (3). The compensating device (1) further has an adjusting element (19) for adjusting the location of at least one deflecting point (15, 16).

Abstract: A hydroentangled integrated composite nonwoven material, includes a mixture of randomized continuous filaments, splittable shortcut staple fibres, and optionally non-splittable staple fibres. The splittable fibres should be 3-16 mm long bicomponent fibres. Preferably there should be no thermal bonding points between the filaments. The nonwoven material has improved textile feeling and reduced two-sidedness. The continuous filaments should preferably be spunlaid filaments. Some of the staple fibres can be coloured. A process of producing such a nonwoven material is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for providing pieces of a block for use in a quilt block includes receiving a block selection, wherein the block comprises one or more pieces, and wherein the one or more pieces of the block are each identified with one or more types of fabric. The one or more pieces are grouped by fabric type. Instructions for cutting the one or more pieces of the block from one or more sheets of fabric are then generated.

Abstract: A washing machine for washing laundry may include a drum type washing machine having a tub, a drum, a water pressure and/or level sensor, an air flow path, a bubble detecting sensor, and a controller. The bubble detecting sensor may be along the air flow path of the tub in order to detect whether bubbles, suds or foam are generated within the tub and/or whether the bubbles, suds or foam exceed an acceptable amount. When the bubbles within the tub are detected and/or exceed the acceptable amount, the washing machine (e.g., the controller) may perform a preset or predetermined bubble removing course or procedure to remove or reduce the bubbles.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electronic device includes a receiver and a display controller. The receiver is configured to receive information indicating an operation course and information indicating a process currently performed by a washer dryer from the washer dryer. The washer dryer is configured to operate in accordance with the operation course including one or more processes out of at least four processes. The display controller is configured to display a screen including at least four display areas corresponding to the at least four processes on a display. The screen is configured to display one or more processes included in the operation course in the display areas in such a manner that the process currently performed by the washer dryer, a process to be performed hereafter by the washer dryer, and a process previously performed by the washer dryer are discriminable from each other.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus for cleaning a substrate, such as a fabric material, involving the application of optical energy to the substrate, typically in the form of a beam of light, where the energy of the beam causes removal of the contaminant from substrate, such as from the fibres of a fabric material. The cleaning may occur via any mechanism, including one or more of, alone or in any combination, ablation, melting, heating or reaction with the substrate or contaminant or agent introduced to aid in the cleaning. The optical energy is typically applied to a selected area of the substrate (e.g., as a beam), and the substrate and beam or optical energy source moved relative to one another so as to clean a larger area of the substrate, either by moving the substrate or the beam, or both. Movement of the beam with respect to the substrate can be attained through a beam scanning mechanism or through movement of the optical source itself.

Abstract: A novel pure natural and regenerative automotive and aircraft upholstery fabric made from linen and blends of linen and cotton, bamboo, wool and/or viscose with physiological and fastness properties comparable with those of currently-used materials and meeting all the requirements of the automobile and aircraft industry.

Abstract: This invention discloses novel and nonobvious compositions and methods suitable for the dyeing of natural fibers with natural dyes that ensure shade-match consistency.