Abstract: A method according to some embodiments comprises obtaining a formation sample from a borehole, identifying minerals present in a first portion of the formation sample and determining densities of the minerals. The method also comprises determining, using a second portion of the formation sample, material properties associated with the mineral densities. The method further comprises associating the material properties with the identified minerals using the mineral densities, and generating a log comprising the associations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mining method including the step of forming one or more sets of gate roads. Each set of gate roads includes at least two headings typically for providing and retuning ventilation. Dead end plunge cuts extend from the sets of gate roads. Each plunge cut is formed with a continuous miner coupled to a flexible conveyor system. Each plunge cut is greater than 30 metres in length. Advantageously, narrow elongate pillars may be left between adjacent plunge cuts, thereby resulting in greater material removal per volume and improved operating costs when compared with bord and pillar mining.

Abstract: The water-insoluble filler in the form of bubbles is provided into the underground cavern. Then, the filler thus provided is allowed to adhere to a bottom surface and a lower wall surface of the underground cavern to permeate thereinto. Subsequently, the filler having permeated is cured. Here, the water-insoluble filler in the form of bubbles may be provided again into the underground cavern. Moreover, water is poured into the underground cavern to float up the filler. The filler having floated up is allowed to adhere to an upper wall surface and a ceiling surface of the underground cavern to permeate thereinto. Thereafter, the filler having permeated is cured. Here, when the filler is allowed to permeate an inner surface of the underground cavern, a pressure inside the underground cavern may be increased. Additionally, when the filler is cured, a temperature inside the underground cavern may be increased.

Abstract: A gear pump for power generation comprises a first rotor and a second rotor in a case. The first rotor comprises a first plurality of radially spaced teeth, wherein the first plurality of radially spaced teeth wrap around the first rotor helically in a clockwise direction, and wherein at a first position the first plurality of radially spaced teeth have a helix angle different than the helix angle of the first plurality of radially spaced teeth at a second position. The second rotor comprises a second plurality of radially spaced teeth, wherein the second plurality of radially spaced teeth wrap around the second rotor helically in a counter-clockwise direction, and wherein at a first position the second plurality of radially spaced teeth have a helix angle different than the helix angle of the second plurality of radially spaced teeth at a second position.

Abstract: A turbine blade includes cooling passages formed inside the blade and extending in a blade height direction, blade surfaces on a suction side and a pressure side being covered with thermal barrier coating, a design point on a suction side being set on the blade surface on the suction side of each blade section perpendicular to the blade height direction within a range from a position on a back side of and including a throat position, and to a position in front of and not including a tailing end of a final cooling passage. Thickness distribution of the thermal barrier coating on the suction side of each blade section is configured such that a thickness of the thermal barrier coating is uniform from a blade leading edge to the design point and gradually reduces from the design point toward the back side up to the blade trailing edge.

Abstract: An airfoil of a gas turbine engine includes an airfoil body having a leading edge and a trailing edge extending in a radial direction, a trailing edge cavity formed within the airfoil and proximate to the trailing edge of the airfoil, the trailing edge cavity extending from the trailing edge in a forward direction toward the leading edge, at least one set of blocking pedestals located within the trailing edge cavity, a set of circular pedestals located aftward from the at least one blocking set of pedestals, and a set of spear pedestals located aftward from the set of circular pedestals and closest to the trailing edge of the airfoil body.

Abstract: An airfoil for a turbomachine such as a gas turbine engine includes a pressure side and a suction side, a flow-distributing forward wall and an inner cooling wall. A switchbacked passage extends through the airfoil, and the flow-distributing forward wall has a plurality of jetting orifices formed therein and connecting the switchbacked passage to a forward cavity. The jetting orifices are oriented to produce wall jets of cooling fluid directed in an upstream direction toward a back side of the leading edge. A second passage extends between the forward cavity and outlets of the airfoil, so as to convey cooling fluid in a downstream direction toward the outlets.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a turbine assembly having at least one aerofoil unit including at least a basically hollow aerofoil with at least one cooling passage for a cooling medium and at least one entry surface, wherein the at least one cooling passage enters at the at least one entry surface, and further the turbine assembly has at least one cover plate that at least partially covers the at least one entry surface. In order to provide a reliable attachment the method includes the step of attaching the at least one cover plate with one single, continuous, connecting structure to the at least one aerofoil unit.

Abstract: A cooling system (10) positioned within a turbine airfoil (12) and having film cooling channels (16) positioned within inner and outer endwalls (18, 20) of the turbine airfoil (12), with cooling fluids supplied to the cooling channels (16) other than from an aft cooling chamber (22) to prevent blockages from developing within the film cooling channels (16) from debris that typically collects with the aft cooling chamber (22) during steady state operation of the turbine engine is disclosed. The cooling system (10) may include one or more midchord cooling channels (24) extending from a midchord cooling chamber (26) and including an outlet (28) positioned closer to a downstream edge (30) of the inner endwall (18) than an upstream wall (32) forming the aft cooling chamber (22).

Abstract: A turbine airfoil is provided with at least one insert positioned in a cavity in an airfoil interior. The insert extends along a span-wise extent of the turbine airfoil and includes first and second opposite faces. A first near-wall cooling channel is defined between the first face and a pressure sidewall of an airfoil outer wall. A second near-wall cooling channel is defined between the second face and a suction sidewall of the airfoil outer wall. The insert is configured to occupy an inactive volume in the airfoil interior so as to displace a coolant flow in the cavity toward the first and second near-wall cooling channels. A locating feature engages the insert with the outer wall for supporting the insert in position. The locating feature is configured to control flow of the coolant through the first or second near-wall cooling channel.

Abstract: A magnetic seal system adapted for use within a support structure mounted around a rotatable shaft. The magnetic seal system includes two annular seal assemblies configured to be surrounding the shaft to rotate therewith and be axially displaceable along the shaft. Each annular seal assembly includes an annular member adjacent to an annular seal. The magnetic seal system also includes an annular magnet configured to be sealingly connected to the support structure and surrounding the shaft The magnet being disposed between the two annular seals in a non-contacting relationship with the shaft and biasing the two annular members along the shaft towards the magnet, wherein adjacent contacting surfaces between each of the two annular seals and the magnet biasingly mate to form sealing interfaces.

Abstract: A seal assembly between a transition seal structure associated with a downstream end of a transition duct and a vane seal structure associated with an upstream end of a vane structure in a first row vane assembly of a gas turbine engine includes a seal structure. The seal structure includes inner and outer seal members, each having a radially extending first leg and an axially extending second leg that provide each seal member with an L or V-shape. The seal members are arranged in a nested relationship with one of the seal members being positioned between the first and second legs of the other seal member. The first and/or second legs of the inner and outer seal members is/are received in a corresponding slot defined at least in part by one of the transition seal structure and the vane seal structure.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine clearance control system includes a cooling air passage extending from a cooling air inlet port to a cooling air outlet port. The cooling air inlet port and outlet port are formed within an external surface of a compressor casing of a compressor and are also axially spaced on the external surface of the compressor casing. The cooling air passage extends from the cooling air inlet port radially inwardly to at least one of a flange joint, a radially outer surface of a compressor casing ring, and a radially outer surface of a connector case. The cooling air passage further extends aftward along the radially outer surfaces of the connector case and the compressor casing ring. The cooling air passage further extends radially outward to the cooling air outlet port.

Abstract: Apparatuses are disclosed including a first article, a second article, a sewing member and a thermal break. The second article includes a second material composition having a second thermal tolerance greater than a first thermal tolerance of a first material composition of the first article. The sealing member is disposed between and contacts the first article and the second article, and includes a third material composition having a third thermal tolerance less than the second thermal tolerance and less than an operating temperature of the second article. The thermal break is defined by the second article, and is proximate to the sealing member and partitioned from the sealing member by a portion of the second article. The thermal break interrupts a thermal conduction path from the second article to the sealing member. The first article and the second article compress the sealing member, forming a thermal gradient-tolerant seal.

Abstract: A shroud for a gas turbine is provided. The shroud can include an outer box having a first wall and a second wall circumferentially spaced apart from the first wall. An inner box is positioned within the outer box. The inner box defines one or more passageways extending therethrough and a first chamber. The inner box and the outer box collectively define a second chamber. The one or more passageways defined by the inner box fluidly couple the first chamber and the second chamber. The first wall of the outer box defines a first boss and first notch, and the second wall of the outer box defines a second boss and notch. A gas turbine is also provided that can include a plurality of such turbine shrouds.

Abstract: A nozzle segment for a gas turbine engine may generally include an airfoil having an exterior surface defining a pressure side and a suction side extending between leading and trailing edges. The airfoil may define an open internal volume within its interior for receiving a cooling medium. The open internal volume may include a primary internal cavity and a plurality of internal cooling channels in flow communication with the primary internal cavity. The primary internal cavity may extend within the interior of the airfoil from a location adjacent to the leading edge to a forward end of each of the internal cooling channels. The internal cooling channels may extend within the interior of the airfoil from the primary internal cavity towards the trailing edge. In addition, the internal cooling channels may be spaced apart radially by a plurality of ribs extending within the interior of the airfoil.

Abstract: A product may be provided for use with a turbocharging system. A housing may be configured to house a bearing. A shaft may extend through the bearing. A turbine wheel may be connected to one end of the shaft. The housing may include a wall forming an opening and defining a surface facing the opening. The bearing may have a segment extending into the opening and mating with the surface. The wall may include an oil spray groove opening through the surface and having an outlet directed at the shaft.

Abstract: A counter-rotating shaft assembly of a gas turbine engine includes an outer shaft rotatable in a first direction about a virtual rotational axis, an inner shaft counter-rotatable about the virtual rotational axis in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction, a differential bearing rotatably connecting the two shafts, a centering spring connecting the inner shaft to the differential bearing, and a squeeze film damper between the differential bearing and the inner shaft.

Abstract: A positioning system for aligning first and second coupling elements of adjacent sections of an industrial machine such as a shaft of a turbomachine or generator is provided. The system may include a base, and a pair of lifting jacks supported by the base for adjusting a vertical position of the first coupling element relative to the second coupling element. A coupling element support supports the first coupling element and is supported by the pair of lifting jacks on the base. An adjusting element positioned between each lifting jack and the coupling element support allows adjusting a position of the first coupling element relative to the second coupling element in the axial direction and a lateral direction substantially perpendicular to the axial direction.

Abstract: The presently disclosed subject matter relates to enhanced dry-cooling systems and methods. More specifically, the presently disclosed subject matter relates to enhanced dry-cooling systems for increasing power plant efficiency and output. One embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to dry-cooling system for increasing power plant efficiency and output. The dry-cooling system comprises an air-cooled condenser and an air cooling system in fluid communication with the air-cooled condenser.

Abstract: A system may include a gas turbine system. The gas turbine system may include a compressor, such that the gas turbine system may produce exhaust gas in an exhaust outlet when generating electricity. The system may also include a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) that may use the exhaust gas to create steam, a manifold system configured to couple compressed air in the compressor to the exhaust outlet, and a controller configured to send a command to the manifold system to couple the compressed air to the exhaust outlet when a temperature of the exhaust gas is above a threshold.

Abstract: A system for preheating a heat recovery steam generator is provided. The system includes a tank and a heat exchanger. The tank contains a transferring medium. The heat exchanger is disposed in a flow path of a flue gas produced by a combustion chamber, and is fluidly connected to the tank such that the transferring medium flows through the heat exchanger and is heated by the flue gas. The transferring medium preheats one or more components of the heat recovery steam generator.

Abstract: There is provided a steam turbine startup support system capable of easily selecting a proper startup transition pattern from various startup transition patterns. In a steam turbine startup support system of the embodiment, an economic efficiency evaluation device performs economic efficiency evaluation regarding the various startup transition patterns recorded in a startup transition pattern recording device based on parameters recorded in a parameter recording device and information relating to a rotor lifetime recorded in a rotor lifetime recording device. Besides, a screen display device displays a result of the economic efficiency evaluation performed by the economic efficiency evaluation device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for operating a combined heat and power (CHP) plant comprising a heating boiler, a vaporizer, an expansion machine, and a condenser, achieved according to claim 1.

Abstract: An electric power generation apparatus (system) and method for high efficiency energy conversion cycle by recycling latent heat of vaporization is disclosed. In one implementation, the present invention enables to achieve an improved efficiency by reducing the amount of waste heat that is rejected into the atmosphere in existing plant cycle designs by creating multiple turbine cycles where the latent heat of vaporization of the first cycle is injected into the input stage of the second cycle and the waste heat (latent heat of vaporization) of the second cycle into the input stage of the third cycle and so on. Only the waste heat of the final cycle is rejected into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A combined heat and power plant for the decentralized supply of power and of heat may include at least one prime mover for providing electrical energy while providing waste gas, at least one thermal store for storing thermal energy provided by the waste gas, and at least one high-temperature battery in which the electrical energy provided by the prime mover can be stored. The high-temperature battery can be supplied by the waste gas provided by the prime mover to keep the high-temperature battery warm.

Abstract: A gas turbine plant including a gas turbine and a compressor is provided with a steam turbine plant including a steam turbine and a condenser, and, an exhaust heat recovery boiler. Steam from the exhaust heat recovery boiler is directly flown to the condenser of the steam turbine plant through a bypass control valve. A pressure sensor detects pressure in a turbine bypass system. A controller outputs, based on a set value from an input device and a process value from the pressure sensor, an open level instruction value to the control value so as to make the process value consistent with the set value in a predetermined sampling cycle. A corrector corrects the set value from the input device in a direction in which the open level instruction value decreases when the open level instruction value from the controller becomes a value that substantially fully opens the control valve.

Abstract: A camshaft assembly includes a base shaft including at least one lobe pack axially movably mounted on the base shaft, the lobe pack including a control groove therein. An actuator device includes a pin movably mounted to the actuator between a retracted position and an extended position for engaging with the control groove to cause axial movement of the lobe pack. The control groove includes a pin engagement region, a shifting region and an ejection region. The pin engagement region of the control groove has a first pair of sidewalls. The shifting region extends from the pin engagement region and has a second pair of sidewalls angled relative to the first pair of sidewalls and having a first portion with a varying groove width that varies relative to a groove width of the pin engagement region.

Abstract: A camshaft assembly is disclosed that comprises an inner shaft, an outer tube surrounding and rotatable relative to the inner shaft, and two groups of cam lobes mounted on the outer tube. The first group of cam lobes is fast in rotation with the outer tube and the second group is rotatably mounted on the outer surface of the outer tube and is connected for rotation with the inner shaft. A timing wheel is connected for rotation with the inner shaft to provide position information to a sensor, the timing wheel being formed as a separate part that is assembled to one of the cam lobes in the second group.

Abstract: An engine variable camshaft timing phaser (10) includes a sprocket (12) and a planetary gear assembly (14). The sprocket (12) receives rotational drive input from an engine crankshaft. The planetary gear assembly (14) includes two or more ring gears (26, 28), multiple planet gears (24), a sun gear (22), and a wrap spring (76). One of the ring gears (26, 28) receives rotational drive input from the sprocket (12) and one of the ring gears (26, 28) transmits rotational drive output to an engine camshaft. The sun gear (22) engages with the planet gears (24). The wrap spring (76) experiences expansion and contraction exertions to permit advancing and retarding engine valve opening and closing, and to prevent advancing and retarding engine valve opening and closing.

Abstract: A camshaft phaser has a stator configured to be non-rotatably connected to a drive sprocket and a rotor at least partially rotatable with respect to the stator and configured to be non-rotatably connected to a camshaft. The rotor has an aperture extending in a direction parallel to an axis of rotation. The camshaft phaser further has a support member including a bushing including an elongated portion, a flange, and a through-bore extending through the elongated portion and the flange, and a cylindrical pin disposed in the through-bore and the aperture. The camshaft phaser also has a positioning spring engaged with the support member and the stator to bias the rotor in a circumferential direction.

Abstract: An engine variable camshaft timing phaser (10) includes a sprocket (12) and a planetary gear set (14). The sprocket (12) receives rotational drive input from an engine crankshaft. The planetary gear set (14) includes two or more ring gears (34, 36), multiple planet gears (32), a sun gear (30), a first set of teeth (82), and a second set of teeth (40, 62). One of the ring gears (34, 36) can be connected to the sprocket (12) and one of the ring gears (34, 36) transmits rotational drive output to an engine camshaft. The sun gear (30) engages with the planet gears (32) and is driven by an electric motor (38). In order to bring the planetary gear set (14) to a locked condition, the first set of teeth (82) and the second set of teeth (40, 62) are mated with each other.

Abstract: A system for controlling a sound level of a prime mover permitted to emanate from or within a vehicle includes a global positioning satellite (GPS) receiver operable for receiving a GPS signal and a sound control device. The sound control device is operable for increasing or decreasing a sound level of the prime mover in response to a control signal. A controller in communication with the GPS receiver includes a calendar and clock, and is programmed to execute a method, including receiving the GPS signal via the GPS receiver, and determining an actual location of the vehicle using the GPS signal. The controller also determines an actual date and time of day using the calendar and the clock, respectively, and transmits the control signal to the sound control device to increase or decrease the sound level using at least one of the actual location, date, and time of day.

Abstract: Provided is an exhaust gas purification catalyst having high catalytic activity enabling combustion of PM (particulate matter) at low temperatures and excellent thermal resistance, an exhaust gas purification device and filter having high combustion efficiency of PM and excellent durability, and a method for producing the catalyst. The exhaust gas purification catalyst of the present invention is composite oxide particles containing at least one alkali metal, Si, and Zr.

Abstract: A coiling heat exchanger, characterized by a heat exchanger spiral consisting of a liquid shield with fins, whereby neighboring coils of the spiral of the liquid shield are spaced apart from one another by the fins and connected to one another in a heat exchanging manner and that the liquid shield is perfused by liquid, whereby gas flows between the neighboring coils of the spiral of the liquid shield along the coiling axis.

Abstract: In general, this disclosure describes method of capturing and storing CO2 on a vehicle. The method includes contacting an vehicle exhaust gas with one or more of a first metal organic framework (MOF) composition sufficient to separate CO2 from the exhaust gas, contacting the separated CO2 with one or more of a second MOF composition sufficient to store the CO2 and wherein the one or more first MOF composition comprises one or more SIFSIX-n-M MOF and wherein M is a metal and n is 2 or 3. Embodiments also describe an apparatus or system for capturing and storing CO2 onboard a vehicle.

Abstract: In the case of a method for operating an exhaust gas aftertreatment system of a motor vehicle, the exhaust gas aftertreatment system comprises at least one NOx storage catalyst (10) and at least one SCR catalyst (30). According to the invention, when an inadequate function of the NOx storage catalyst (10) or of the SCR catalyst (30) is identified, at least one auxiliary measure is initiated which leads to a reduction of the NOx emissions of the motor vehicle.

Abstract: Unit (11) for feeding a reducing solution from the tank to the exhaust duct of an endothemiic engine is provided. The unit comprises a supporting head (13) arranged for being associated to an aperture provided in a reducing solution tank and a heating device (15) for heating the reducing solution contained in the tank. The heating device (15) extends from the supporting head (13) and is provided with a duct (17) for a heating fluid. The duct (17) is defined by a side wall (31) which, when the unit (11) is in use, is internally in contact with the heating fluid passing through the duct (17) and externally in contact with the reducing solution present in the tank. At least one portion of the wall (31) of the duct (17) is non-smooth inside and/or outside the duct.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed to improved block channel geometries and arrangements of thermal oxidizers. One described example apparatus includes a block of a converter having a plurality of channels defining interior walls, which define a cellular pattern in a cross-sectional view of the block. The pattern comprises regular sub-patterns consisting of at least one central channel, which is proximate an interior of the block, and a plurality of surrounding channels.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for addressing engine cold-start emissions while an exhaust catalyst is activated. In one example, a method for improving exhaust emissions may include flowing ionized air into an engine exhaust, downstream of an exhaust catalyst, to oxidize exhaust emissions left untreated by the catalyst. The approach reduces the PM load of the exhaust as well as of a downstream particulate matter filter.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for exhaust flow in an engine system including a split-exhaust manifold for expediting exhaust catalyst light-off and engine warm-up while reducing condensation in the engine system. In one example, a method may include, before exhaust catalyst light-off, flowing all or more exhaust gases, via a first exhaust valve and a first exhaust manifold, to an exhaust catalyst by passing a heat exchanger. Further, after light-off but before engine coolant warms up to a threshold temperature, all or more exhaust may be delivered to the heat exchanger, via a second exhaust valve and a second different manifold, prior to flowing to the exhaust catalyst; and exhaust gas recirculation may not be provided until the coolant reaches the threshold temperature to reduce condensation.

Abstract: A system and method for managing the temperature of a urea solution are thereby provided, in which air bubble formation in the urea solution caused by increases in the urea solution temperature is suppressed while thawing of the urea solution stored in the urea solution tank and used for NOx purification treatment is ensured, the concentration of the urea contained in the urea solution is accurately determined, and NOx is precisely reduced.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to: execute increasing a temperature of an exhaust gas control apparatus at a second temperature increase speed as a regeneration control when the temperature of the exhaust gas control apparatus is in a second temperature range; control the temperature of an exhaust gas control apparatus during an idle operation so as to be equal to or smaller than the temperature of the exhaust gas control apparatus when the internal combustion engine enters an idle operation state as a temperature increase suppression control when the temperature of the exhaust gas control apparatus during a regeneration control is in the second temperature range and the internal combustion engine is in the idle operation state.

Abstract: In a method for the diagnosis of an exhaust gas aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine, the exhaust gas aftertreatment system comprises at least one NOx storage catalytic converter (10) and at least one SCR catalytic converter (30) which is arranged downstream of the NOx storage catalytic converter (10). According to the invention, a regeneration of the NOx storage catalytic converter (10) is blocked and/or interrupted in order to improve the frequency and/or quality of the diagnosis of the SCR catalytic converter (30).

Abstract: A particulate filter for trapping the particulate matter which is contained in the exhaust gas is provided inside an engine exhaust passage. Additional fuel is secondarily injected from a fuel injector in an engine expansion stroke or exhaust stroke or hydrocarbons are secondarily added from an addition valve which is provided upstream of the particulate filter in the exhaust pipe. An amount of hydrocarbons which come from the fuel injector or addition valve and then adhere in the form of a liquid to the inflow end of the particulate filter, and an amount of particulate matter which reaches the inflow end of the particulate filter are respectively estimated. A degree of clogging at the inflow end of the particulate filter is estimated based on the amount of hydrocarbons and the amount of particulate matter.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for accurately inferring an exhaust temperature during steady-state and transient vehicle operation based on the duty cycle of an exhaust gas sensor heating element. A steady-state temperature is inferred based on an inverse of the duty cycle, and then adjusted with a transfer function that compensates for transients resulting from changes in vehicle speed, and load, and for the occurrence of tip-in and tip-out events. The inferred temperature can also be compared to a modeled temperature to identify exhaust temperature overheating conditions, so that mitigating actions can be promptly performed.

Abstract: A power system that includes an engine, a first exhaust manifold, a second exhaust manifold, and a turbine. The first and second exhaust manifolds are positioned downstream of the engine. The turbine is positioned downstream of the first exhaust manifold, but is not positioned downstream of the second exhaust manifold.

Abstract: A multi-layer joint insert is provided at one or more joints between an engine exhaust manifold and a component mounted by fasteners on the exhaust manifold, as well as between the component and the fastener heads/nuts, to reduce wear and failure at the one or more joints. The joint insert includes a first sheet metal layer having at least one fastener-receiving opening and a second sheet metal layer having at least one fastener-receiving opening, wherein the first and second sheet meal layers are joined by at least one connecting arrangement that permits relative sliding movement between the first and second sheet metal layers in response to thermally-induced movement at the one or more joints, thereby reducing wear and failure at the one or more joints.

Abstract: A cooling structure of an engine includes a cylinder head and a coolant temperature sensor. The cylinder head gas a first water jacket for cooling a combustion chamber and a second water jacket for cooling an exhaust manifold. The cylinder head includes a joining portion where coolants from the first water jacket and the second water jacket join together. The joining portion has a first coolant passage. A second coolant passage is disposed downstream of the joining portion. The temperature sensing portion is disposed in the second coolant passage. A coolant outlet of the second water jacket is defined in the first coolant passage, and is located at a position on the cylinder head cover attachment surface side in the first coolant passage. The temperature sensing portion is located at a position on the cylinder block attachment surface side in the second coolant passage.

Abstract: A number of variations may include a thermal management system having an engine and a coolant system comprising a coolant circuit and a coolant pump, wherein the coolant pump is operated by an electronic control unit that operates independently of the engine, and wherein the electronic control unit is constructed and arranged to operate the coolant pump at a higher speed than the engine speed multiplied by pulley ratio during engine warm up.