Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a layer (2) of aluminum oxide and/or aluminum nitride (Al2O3, or AIN) on a substrate (1), said method comprising a sequence of consecutive steps a) and b) according to which: a) a basic layer of aluminum (21, 22) having a thickness between 5 and 25 nm is deposited on the substrate (1) in a deposition chamber (10), b) the substrate (1) is moved into a treatment chamber (20) separate from the deposition chamber (10), in which the basic layer of aluminum (21, 22) is oxidized or nitrided to produce a basic layer of aluminum oxide or aluminum nitride (21? 22?). Said sequence of consecutive steps is repeated in a loop until said layer of aluminum oxide and/or aluminum nitride (2) is obtained by stacking the consecutive layers of aluminum oxide and aluminum nitride (21? 22?).

Abstract: Provided is a cyanide-free non-electrolytic gold plating solution including a specific nitrile compound. The plating solution is sustainable and showed good bath stability and plating performance.

Abstract: A stable trivalent chromium coating solution can be prepared by heating the chromium coating solution and adjusting the pH of the chromium coating solution. The coating solution can be heated to at least 35° C. for no more than 24 hours. While the solution is hot, a basic or acidic material can be added to increase or reduce the pH to a target value, respectively. In some embodiments, the chromium coating solution can have a pH of 3.5 to 4.0 and the pH can vary no more than ±0.15 while in storage for at least 20 days. The trivalent chromium coating solution can include a fluoride compound, a zirconate compound, a corrosion inhibitor compound, a chelating agent, a phosphorous compound, and/or other compounds.

Abstract: A treatment device is provided for treating a metal object, wherein the treatment comprises at least pickling and phosphating of the object, and, by means of the phosphating, a protective layer is produced on a surface of the object. The treatment device comprises a treatment container for holding the object to be treated and for holding a flowable treatment substance, and a pumping apparatus for circulating at least a portion of the treatment substance. The treatment substance is flowable around at least part of the object to be treated, and is a phosphorus- or phosphate-containing solution. The solution consists of water and a reaction substance, and the reaction substance consists of phosphorus or of a phosphate and at least one additional substance that improves treatment effect. The fraction of the phosphorus or the phosphate in the reaction substance is more than 98 vol % and especially preferably more than 99 vol %.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a structural arrangement on the basis of a fiber reinforced polymer component, comprising at least the steps of: providing a fiber reinforced polymer component; fixing a polyether sulfone foil on the fiber reinforced polymer component, at least in a region where an electrically conductive layer is to be formed; and performing a cold gas spraying process for spraying electrically conductive particles onto the polyether sulfone foil in order to create the electrically conductive layer.

Abstract: A magnesium component of a rotary wing aircraft is provided including a groove including a first sidewall and a second sidewall arranged on opposing sides of a recessed opening. The first sidewall includes a deposit positioned adjacent the recessed opening. The deposit is formed by cold spraying one or more layers or powdered material within an area of the first sidewall from which material was removed.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes of removing layers from substrates using fluorinated reactants having the formula MFx(adduct)n, wherein x ranges from 2 to 6 inclusive; n ranges from 0 to 5 inclusive; M is selected from the group consisting of P, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, and W; and the adduct is a neutral organic molecule selected from THF, dimethylether, diethylether, glyme, diglyme, triglyme, polyglyme, dimethylsulphide, diethylsulphide, or methylcyanide. The fluorinated reactants dry etch the nitride layers without utilizing any plasma.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a liquid removal device capable of removing liquid on a steel sheet without using wringer rolls and a drier. [Solution] A liquid removal device that removes liquid attached to a surface of a sheet-like member that moves relatively, the liquid removal device including: a slit nozzle that jets gas to the surface of the sheet-like member; and a gap measurement device that measures a gap between a jetting port of the slit nozzle and the sheet-like member. The slit nozzle is installed so as to jet gas from a downstream side toward an upstream side in a movement direction of the sheet-like member that moves relatively to the slit nozzle, and is configured in a manner that a jet angle ?, a back face inclination angle ?, a back face length L of a nozzle back face, a gap h, a slit width d, and nozzle pressure Pn of the slit nozzle satisfy the following relational formulas. P n ? 2.0 × 10 10 ? ( h ? / ? d ) 0.

Abstract: Multipurpose electrolytic device (EMPD) for forced or spontaneous electrolytic processes, which incorporates selective and unidirectional ion exchange membranes in order to separate between two or more compartments and allow electrical conductivity therebetween, with independent electrolytes for controlled electrolytic ion transformation, regardless of the chemical composition of the electrolyte containing the element of interest, with high faradaic efficiency and high energy performance. The invention also relates to a method. The device can be used for processes such as metal electrowinning (EW), metal electrorefining, electrooxidation (EOXI) and electroreduction (ERED) of ionic species. The device uses two independent, energetically suitable electrolytes, which allow controlled electrolytic ion transformation, with high faradaic efficiency and high energy performance, unlike current forced electrolysis methods, which operate with a common electrolyte.

Abstract: A microfluidic electrolyzer includes a housing having a power source, a sea water reservoir, a downstream microfluidic reactor connected to the reservoir and a collector for storing the separated gases emanating from the microfluidic reactor. The downstream microfluidic reactor includes a substrate, a microchannel embedded with respect to the substrate and providing a water inlet end at one end and a product outlet at the other, and a pair of electrodes. The electrodes are electrically connected with the power source and each electrode has an operative end inserted within the microchannel constituting an anode and a cathode. The cathode and the anode are positioned one ahead of the other, from the water inlet end and maintained in direct contact with the water to generate the oxygen and hydrogen involving electrolysis of the water and in-situ separate pathways of the hydrogen and oxygen free of any mixing with each other.

Abstract: A novel electrochemical cell is disclosed in multiple embodiments. The instant invention relates to an electrochemical cell design. In one embodiment, the cell design can electrolyze water into pressurized hydrogen using low-cost materials. In another embodiment, the cell design can convert hydrogen and oxygen into electricity. In another embodiment, the cell design can electrolyze water into hydrogen and oxygen for storage, then later convert the stored hydrogen and oxygen back into electricity and water.

Abstract: A system which includes two electrodes for use as cathode and anode, respectively, can perform water electrolysis. Each of the two electrodes includes a self-supporting electrode material containing a porous core material and a coating material. The porous core material includes carbon, and the coating material contains a transition metal phosphide. The two electrodes include identical electrode material, and each of the electrodes contains a connector to connect to a power source.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a metallic nanospring includes preparing a nanotemplate having a nanopore and including a working electrode disposed on its one surface, preparing a first metal precursor mixture including ascorbic acid (C6H8O6), vanadium (IV) oxide sulfate (VOSO4.xH2O), and a metal precursor solution including a metal desired to be deposited, preparing a second metal precursor mixture by mixing the first metal precursor mixture with nitric acid (HNO3), depositing a metallic nanospring into the nanopore using electrodeposition by dipping the nanotemplate into the second metal precursor mixture and applying current between a counter electrode inserted into the second metal precursor mixture and the working electrode, and selectively removing the working electrode on the nanotemplate with the deposited metallic nanospring and the nanotemplate.

Abstract: A component can be formed having an integral monolithic body. The integral monolithic body can be formed utilizing electroforming processes such as electrodeposition of metal alloys. The electroformed monolithic body can be formed utilizing multiple anodes powered by multiple power sources. The monolithic body can have differing local material properties determined during formation of the component.

Abstract: An aircraft engine-part including at least a metal substrate and a protective coating for protection against erosion that is present on the substrate, the coating including at least one phase including at least chromium at an atom content greater than or equal to 45% and carbon at an atom content lying in the range 5% to 20%, the phase including Cr7C3 and Cr23C6 chromium carbides. A method of fabricating such a part in which electroplating is used to deposit a coating composition on the part and the part is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature lying in the range 250° C to 70° C.

Abstract: Provided are a technique with which a satin-like appearance can be obtained in nickel-plating by a nickel-plating additive characterized by containing a benzethonium salt, a satin nickel-plating bath containing the same, and a satin nickel-plating method using the same.

Abstract: A method of applying a protective coating with improved adhesion on an aluminum alloy component includes first pretreating the surface of a component by depositing a sacrificial protective immersion layer using a zincating or similar process. Portions of the protective immersion layer as well as portions of the underlying aluminum alloy substrate are then electrolytically etched off in an ionic liquid. A protective aluminum coating is then electrodeposited on the component in an ionic liquid.

Abstract: A method for processing at least one carbon fiber according to an embodiment may include: electroplating a first metal layer over at least one carbon fiber, wherein the first metal layer includes a metal which can form a common phase with carbon, electroplating a second metal layer over the first metal layer, wherein the second metal layer includes a metal which can form a common phase with the metal of the first metal layer, and annealing the at least one carbon fiber, the first metal layer, and the second metal layer so that the metal of the first metal layer forms a common phase with the carbon of the at least one carbon fiber at an interface between the first metal layer and the at least one carbon fiber and the metal of the first metal layer forms a common phase with the metal of the second metal layer at an interface between the first metal layer and the second metal layer.

Abstract: One example provides a method. The method includes etching a portion of a substrate to create a plurality of cavities, the substrate including a metal-containing material. The method includes disposing a resin over the portion, including filling at least some of the plurality of cavities with the resin. The method includes anodizing the substrate, including the portion. The method includes disposing a hydrocarbon lubricant over the anodized substrate.

Abstract: A sealing process includes applying a first reactant to a substrate having a porous structure, the first reactant comprising a chromium (III) precursor and a transition metal precursor and applying a second reactant to the first reactant, the second reactant comprising a rare earth element precursor and an alkaline earth element precursor to form reservoirs of trivalent chromium in pore space of the porous structure, and a physical barrier over the substrate and the reservoirs.

Abstract: An ultra small grain-size nanocrystalline diamond film having a SiV photoluminescence, is manufactured by the following method: (1) manufacturing, on a single crystal silicon substrate, a nanocrystalline diamond film having a SiV photoluminescence by using a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition method; (2) performing oxygen plasma etching treatment on the nanocrystalline diamond film obtained in step (1) for 5-30 min by using an oxygen plasma bombardment method in a mixed gas plasma having an oxygen-nitrogen gas volume ratio of 1:4-6 and at an atmospheric pressure of 0.5-6 torr and a microwave power of 600-1000 W, thereby obtaining the ultra small grain-size nanocrystalline diamond film having the SiV photoluminescence.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the purification of silicon. The present invention provides a method for purification of silicon. The method includes recrystallizing starting material-silicon from a molten solvent comprising aluminum to provide final recrystallized-silicon crystals. The method also includes washing the final recrystallized-silicon crystals with an aqueous acid solution to provide a final acid-washed-silicon. The method also includes directionally solidifying the final acid-washed-silicon to provide final directionally solidified-silicon crystals.

Abstract: A method for producing at least one type of nanostructures comprises the following steps: partially covering a surface of a single-crystal layer or multilayer structure with a discontinuous mask, forming discrete islets having at least one submicrometric lateral dimension and made of a material having an evaporation temperature above that of the layer or multilayer structure; and heating the layer or multilayer structure under vacuum to a so-called etching temperature, above the evaporation temperature of the layer or multilayer structure but below that of the mask, so as to cause evaporation of the layer or multilayer structure outside of the regions covered by the mask. Structures that may be produced by such a method are also provided.

Abstract: A filament production device, in particular a filament reaction-spinning production device, comprising at least one spinning nozzle unit, which is provided for producing at least one filament formed as a hollow fibre membrane from at least one polymer solution, and comprising a polymerisation unit, which is provided for initiating a polymerisation of the polymer solution, wherein the polymerisation unit is provided for initiating the polymerisation at least partially within the spinning nozzle unit.

Abstract: The method for drawing a fiber with a textured surface comprises the following steps: —forming of a preform from which the fiber is to be drawn with a textured surface; —addition of an outer layer to the textured preform to preserve the shape of the texture of the preform surface during the drawing operation; —drawing of a fiber from the preform, whereby the fiber keeps the formed texture of the preform surface and—removing the additional outer layer to leave the original surface textured fiber exposed. The obtained fiber can be used as a mold to form a textured hollow channel in another material, as a surface coating and as a pressure detector.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a nanofiber having excellent uniformity of the fiber diameter and capable of giving a satisfactory external appearance in a case in which the nanofiber is used to produce a nonwoven fabric, and a nonwoven fabric produced using the nanofiber. The nanofiber of the invention is a nanofiber containing a cellulose acylate having a degree of substitution of from 2.75 to 2.95.

Abstract: A polyamide fiber which has a single fiber fineness of less than 5 dtex, and has a stress per unit fineness of 0.7 cN/dtex or more in 3% elongation in a tensile test of the fiber, in which a stress F1 in 3% elongation in a tensile test of the fiber before 100° C. boiling water treatment and a stress F2 in 3% elongation in a tensile test of the fiber after the treatment satisfy Formula (1): F2/F1>0.7??(1).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a carbon nanostructure according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a carbon nanostructure, the method including a preparation step of preparing a substrate containing a carburizable metal as a main component, and a carbon nanostructure growth step of supplying a carbon-containing gas while heating the substrate, in which the carbon nanostructure growth step includes gradually cleaving a heated portion of the substrate. The cleaving in the carbon nanostructure growth step is preferably performed by subjecting the substrate to shearing. The heating in the carbon nanostructure growth step is preferably performed by irradiating a cleaving portion of the substrate with a laser. The preparation step preferably includes forming, in the substrate, a notch for inducing cleavage. Preferably, the substrate in the carbon nanostructure growth step is not oxidized.

Abstract: A gas phase surface treatment for treating carbon fiber including (a) exposing a carbon fiber to a gaseous oxidizing atmosphere to form a modified carbon fiber with an oxidized fiber surface; followed by (b) exposing the oxidized fiber surface to a gaseous nitrogen-containing atmosphere to form a modified carbon fiber with a nitrogen-enriched surface, wherein the nitrogen-enriched surface exhibits an increase in surface nitrogen to surface carbon (N/C) ratio as compared to the surface of the carbon fiber prior to exposure at (a). Steps (a) and (b) are carried out continuously without any additional intervening surface treatment.

Abstract: A doffer device for a spinning machine includes a plurality of gripping devices, each gripping device having a rotatable gripping unit. Each gripping unit includes a bobbin gripper that grips a full bobbin and a tube gripper that grips an empty tube. Each gripping unit is rotatable between a gripping position in which the full bobbin can be gripped on the spindle and a placement position in which the empty tube can be placed on the spindle. A rotating device is configured with the gripping units to rotate the gripping units about an axis of rotation such that neighboring ones of the gripping units are rotated with a time lag relative to one another. The rotating device is driven by a toothed belt.

Abstract: The described incandescent tension annealing processes involve thermally annealing twisted or coiled carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns at high-temperatures (1000° C. to 3000° C.) while these yarns are under tensile loads. These processes can be used for increasing yarn modulus and strength and for stabilizing both twisted and coiled CNT yarns with respect to unwanted irreversible untwist, thereby avoiding the need to tether torsional and tensile artificial muscles, and increasing the mechanical loads that can be moved by these muscles.

Abstract: A weaving method of double jacquard mesh cloth comprises: first, basic organizations of guide bars are defined, then weaving of double-jacquard mesh cloth of weave; the guide bars laying yarns comprise: ground guide bar GB1 works in the front needle bar in cooperation with the jacquard pattern guide bar JB1, weaves and forms a jacquard pattern effect on the grey cloth front side; the ground guide bar GB6 and the jacquard guide bar JB2 together weaves and forms base cloth of grey cloth, and the jacquard guide bar JB2 weaves and forms a V-point jacquard effect on the grey cloth front side; the ground guide bar GB5 weaves and forms front-back-side connection threads of grey cloth, and by weaving performed by the ground guide bar GB5, the front side and the back side of grey cloth are one-piece-woven and connected into one piece, and double jacquard mesh cloth is woven and formed.

Abstract: It is disclosed a textile fabric comprising a first set of electrically conductive and externally isolated yarns (22) separated by isolating textile yarns (24); a second set of non-isolated conductive yarns (23); a plurality of textile yarns interlacing the first and the second set of yarns (22, 23), wherein part of the interlacing textile yarns are non-isolated conductive yarns (23) in order to form an electrical grounding grid with the non-isolated conductive yarns (23) of the second set of yarns and part of the interlacing textile yarns are isolating textile yarns (24).

Abstract: An uncoated woven fabric of yarn formed from synthetic fibers woven in the warp direction and weft direction to form a top surface and a bottom surface wherein at least a portion of the yarn on the top surface or at least a portion of the yarn on the bottom surface has fibers with a permanently modified cross-section and that are fused together is provided. Methods for production and use of this fabric in application to products such as automobile airbags, sailcloths, inflatable slides, temporary shelters, tents, ducts, coverings and printed media are also provided.

Abstract: A partially degradable polymeric fiber includes a thermally degradable polymeric core and a coating surrounding at least a portion of the core. The thermally degradable polymeric core includes a polymeric matrix including a poly(hydroxy-alkanoate), and a metal selected from the group consisting of an alkali earth metal and a transition metal, in the core polymeric matrix. The concentration of the metal in the polymeric matrix is at least 0.1 wt %. The partially degradable polymeric fiber may be used to form a microvascular system containing one or more microfluidic channels.

Abstract: An undergarment includes a body having a substantially tubular shape and configured to at least partially surround a torso of a user. The body includes a pouch region about a front surface of the body, and a stitch region including held stitches, the held stitches at least partially bordering the pouch region, and the stitch region having less lateral stretch than a remainder of the body.

Abstract: Each of a set of knitting needles have a length correlated to at least two factors (e.g., needle diameter, and yarn weight) to provide appropriate strength, stability, and suitable take-up for stitches created during the knitting process. The correlation is such that as needle diameters (D) grow, and/or the yarn weight increases, the needle length grows in a particular relation, as follows: L = ( W + 2 ) ? ? ( 15 ? D + 15 ) ( .4 ? ? W + 2 ) ? ( .9 ? D + 5 ) where “L” is the length of the needle, “D” is the needle diameter, and “W” is the yarn weight from 0 to 7 (i.e., lace=0, super fine=1, fine=2, light=3, medium=4, bulky=5, super bulky=6, and jumbo=7). Raw wood for the needle is stabilized in a process including application of a composition that is maintained thereon for a period of time and in a vacuum, and heat treatment.

Abstract: A turning device for knitted tubular articles, particularly for turning inside-out tubular articles with pockets that protrude from the lateral surface thereof. The turning device in question comprises a main supporting structure which supports a tubular body arranged with its axis substantially vertical. The tubular body has its upper axial end beveled along a plane that is inclined with respect to its axis. The turning device comprises first actuation means which can be activated to perform a translation of the tubular body along its axis with respect to the main supporting structure. The tubular body is insertable, with its upper axial end, through an axial end of a tubular article in order to turn it inside out. The turning device comprises second actuation means which can be activated to rotate the tubular body about its own axis, through an angle of preset breadth, with respect to the main supporting structure.

Abstract: In an aspect, a braiding machine is provided, and has a set of spool shuttles that each dispense a strand of flexible material under tension. A strand retractor releasably retracts the strands from the spool shuttles. A plurality of shuttle stations at which the spool shuttles can be positioned are arranged in a circuit. At least one shuttle carriage, when driven, repeatedly selects an immediately previously unselected spool shuttle and moves the immediately previously unselected spool shuttle from an associated shuttle station to another shuttle station along the circuit spaced from the associated shuttle station by at least one shuttle station that is intermediate the associated shuttle station and the other shuttle station. At least one spool shuttle is parkable at the at least one shuttle station. A drive arrangement is coupled to the shuttle carriage to drive the shuttle carriage.

Abstract: The prepreg sheet, which is an intermediate of molded articles, has a nonwoven fabric having carbon fibers and thermoplastic resin fibers, wherein the prepreg sheet has a thickness expansion rate of 250% or less after being heated for 90 seconds at a temperature of the melting point of the thermoplastic resin fiber to the melting point+100° C.

Abstract: A dry adhesive includes a first plurality of fiber segments mechanically interlocked with a second plurality of fiber segments. A dry adhesive can include a first plurality of fibers mechanically interlocked with a second plurality of fibers or a single plurality of fibers having a first end region mechanically interlocked with a second end region. The fiber segments and fibers can be aligned, electrospun nanofibers. One or more continuous and scalable methods of making aligned fibers are also provided. One or more apparatuses are also provided.

Abstract: Extensible nonwoven fabrics having improved elongation, extensibility, abrasion resistance and toughness. In particular, embodiments of the invention are directed to extensible spunbond fabrics comprising a polymeric blend of a metallocene catalyzed polypropylene, polyethylene, and a third polymer component.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and computer program products for quilting webs. A quilting machine includes a cutting edge, a looper from which thread is provided to form stitches, and an adjuster assembly. The adjuster assembly extends an adjuster toward the thread between the looper and the retainer. When the adjuster is moved, a predetermined amount of thread is pulled away from the looper by the adjuster to provide a controlled length of thread between the looper and the cutting edge. The looper assembly may also include an air nozzle that urges the thread away from the adjuster after the thread has been cut. The thread passes through a thread tension monitor that monitors tension in the thread. The tension monitor includes a lift arm that selectively disables the tension monitor so that a loss of tension in the sewing head does not shut down the quilting machine.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and computer program products for quilting webs. A quilting machine includes a cutting edge, a looper from which thread is provided to form stitches, and an adjuster assembly that includes a plurality of selectable positions. The adjuster assembly extends an adjuster toward the thread between the looper and the retainer. When the adjuster is moved, a predetermined amount of thread is pulled away from the looper by the adjuster to provide a controlled length of thread between the looper and the cutting edge. The adjuster is configured to be moved to an intermediate selectable position prior to starting a quilting pattern, and from the intermediate position to another selectable position subsequent to starting the quilting pattern.

Abstract: A sewing machine acquires a selected pattern that is selected from among a plurality of embroidery patterns. The sewing machine displays a pattern image representing the selected pattern. The sewing machine identifies a specified position indicated by the instruction. The sewing machine determines, when the selected pattern is acquired a plurality of times, whether one of a plurality of the pattern images is displayed at the identified specified position. When it is determined that the pattern image is displayed at the identified specified position, the sewing machine identifies the selected pattern for which the pattern image is displayed at the specified position as the editing target. When it is not determined that the pattern image is displayed at the identified specified position, the sewing machine identifies the selected pattern for which a mask region encompassing the selected pattern is set at the specified position as the editing target.

Abstract: Reconfigurable fabric frame for a maneuverable sewing machine. In one example embodiment, an example reconfigurable fabric frame may include a take-up pole, an idler pole, a backing pole, a quilt-top pole, and side rails. The side rails may include take-up pole attachment locations, idler pole attachment locations, backing pole attachment locations, and quilt-top pole attachment locations. The side rails may be reconfigurable between a first configuration and a second configuration. In the first configuration, the backing pole attachment locations may be higher than the quilt-top pole attachment locations. In the second configuration, the backing pole attachment locations may be lower than the quilt-top pole attachment locations.

Abstract: A method of automatically initiating a procedure to adjust dosing of laundry treating chemistry after satisfying a threshold of determined over-sudsing conditions in a laundry treating appliance during a cycle of operation. The number of over-sudsing condition is aggregate. Once the aggregate total satisfies a predetermined threshold, a predetermined dosage of laundry treating chemistry is adjusted. The over-sudsing aggregate total can also be reset in the event of an operational event such as a replenishment of a bulk treating chemistry, input by a user of a default value, or passing of a temporal reference, wherein the predetermined dosage is reset to a default value.

Abstract: Provided is a washing machine including a washing tub that is rotatable in a manner of intersecting with a vertical direction, a supporting member rotatably supporting the washing tub and a linear motor having a stator and a rotor. The stator has one of a coil and a permanent magnet, is fixed to the supporting member and extends in a predetermined direction. The rotor has another of the coil and the permanent magnet, is fitted with the stator in a non-contact state so as to be movable along the predetermined direction, and is connected to the washing tub. The linear motor rotates the washing tub by means of a movement of the washing tub.

Abstract: By improving the rigidity of a pulley while suppressing a weight of the pulley from increasing, excessive noises due to resonance can be reduced. A washing machine 1 includes a drum 9 rotatably disposed in the water tub 5. The washing machine 1 has a motor to rotationally drive a pulley 20, which is fixed to the drum 9, via an endless belt 13. The pulley 20 has a plurality of arms 23 radially extend from the boss 22 to support an outer wheel 21. The arm 23 has a variable cross-sectional portion 24 in which a section modulus against bending in an axial direction gradually decreases from the boss 22 to the outer wheel 21.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for reducing vibration during dehydration of a washing machine having a ball balancer provided to a spin basket for accommodating clothes.