Abstract: An automated trash management system for remotely measuring the fullness of a plurality of trash containers is disclosed. Each container is provided with a remote sensing unit for generating a signal proportional to a characteristic of the container by which the extent of fullness of the container may be determined. A transmission linkage, typically a telephone line, is provided from each remote sensing unit to a central unit, where a data base of the signals transmitted from a particular trash container may be stored and analyzed. A hauler is called from the central unit location by a user after a determination from the data base that a particular trash container is in a condition of fullness warranting emptying.

Abstract: An automated trash compaction system having an hydraulic cylinder displacing a ram to compact trash in a mobile trash container and having an electronic control unit controlling the displacement of the ram. The electronic control unit generates a ram forward signal in response to a start signal, generates a part-full signal in response to electrical current being supplied to an electric motor driving a fluid pump exceeding a part-full value, and generates a full signal in response to the current being supplied to the electric motor exceeding a full value. After a predetermined full stroke time or upon the generation of the full signal, the electronic control unit terminates the ram forward signal and generates a ram return signal returning the ram to a retracted position. The ram return signal is terminated when the current to the electric motor exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: A supercalender comprises a stationary variable-crown upper roll (1), a floating variable-crown lower roll (2), several intermediate rolls (3,4) between the upper roll (1) and the lower roll (2), and a hydraulic control system. The upper roll (1) has a roll mantle (12) that is supported on the roll shaft (11) by hydrostatic loading elements (13) acting in the direction of compression and by end bearings at the ends of the roll mantle, which bearings prevent displacement of the mantle (12) ends in the radial direction relative to the shaft (11) of the upper roll. The lower roll (2) has a roll mantle (22) that is supported on the roll shaft (21) adjustably in the direction of compression by means of hydrostatic loading elements (23). Position detectors (23,31) are provided at the ends of the shaft of at least one roll.

Abstract: A rectangular baler has a density control for controlling the density to which crop material is compacted in a bale case by a cyclically operating plunger, and a cyclically operating tying mechanism for typing loops of binding material around successive lengths of the compacted crop material to form bales. In order for the tying mechanism to function properly the binding material must slide between a tied bale and the crop material being compacted against the tied bale. If the sliding friction is too great, the binding material breaks or is pulled free of the tying mechanism thus resulting in failure of the tying process. To reduce the sliding friction, the density to which the crop material is compacted is reduced for an interval of time following each cycle of the tying mechanism. The interval of time is controlled by the rate at which crop material enters the bale case following a cycle of the tying mechanism.

Abstract: A die bonding apparatus including a vertically moving block, a collet holder provided on the vertically moving block such that the collet holder itself freely moves up and down, a collet which holds a die to be bonded to a substrate and is installed in the collet holder, a first contact provided on the vertically moving block, and a second contact provided on the collet holder so that the second contact is pressed by a spring to make contact with the upper surface of the first contact. The position where rapid downward movement of the collet is stopped and the bonding load applied to the substrate are decided based upon a signal which is generated upon separation of the two contacts.

Abstract: A toggle-type die-fastening apparatus has a movable platen that carries one mold part and is supported by and guided along a plurality of tie bars whose one ends are fixed to a fixed platen on which another mold part is mounted. The other ends of the tie bars are supported by a toggle support, and a toggle mechanism is disposed between the toggle support and the movable platen for pressing the mold part carried by the movable platen against the mold part mounted on the fixed platen. A die-fastening force adjusting nut is threaded onto the end portion of each tie bar that is closer to the toggle support so as to bear the reaction of the die-fastening force generated by the toggle mechanism. An adjusting cylinder is formed in this portion, and it is connected to a hydraulic circuit so that the pressure within each of the cylinders is controlled by a pressure adjusting valve in such a manner as to correspond to a die-fastening force set by a setting device.

Abstract: In order to regulate the filter plate contact pressure in a plate filter press comprising a hydraulic closing cylinder unit, the compression force prevailing in the filter plate pack, or the compression of at least one component such as, for example, a filter plate, exposed to the compression pressure ambient in the filter plate pack is utilized as a control variable. The hydraulic pressure of the closing cylinder unit is regulated so as to maintain a desired compression value.

Abstract: A roller press has a press roll and at least one pressure roll applying pressure to it. In the end region of each pressure roll, there is an associated positioning cylinder. The positioning cylinders relieve the pressure of the pressure roll against the press roll automatically upon an impermissible increase in the operating pressure in the positioning cylinder. For this purpose, each positioning cylinder has a safety valve which is operated either by the working fluid in the positioning cylinder to the pressure relief condition or by an electrical signal, in different embodiments, to relieve pressure in the positioning cylinder. The safety valves are coupled to each other by a signal line. When one safety valve relieves one positioning cylinder, all of the positioning cylinders are relieved.

Abstract: An offset compactor assembly includes an elongated chamber having a waste receiving end portion and a waste discharge end. A ram is displaceable therein for causing compaction of waste during transfer therebetween. A first cylinder and piston assembly is operably connected to the ram for causing displacement thereof. A gate is positioned proximate said end and is movable into and out of said chamber for selectively restricting said chamber and thereby controlling the passage of waste therethrough. A second cylinder and piston assembly is operably connected to the gate for causing displacement thereof. An hydraulic control operably interconnects the first and second cylinder and piston assemblies for causing offsetting operation thereof so that the waste compacted in the chamber has a substantially uniform density.

Abstract: In a rectangular baler wherein a plunger is reciprocated by connecting rods to force crop material through a bale casing, and a microprocessor-based control circuit monitors the stress in the connecting rods to develop a digital value representing the pressure which should be applied to the tension rails of the casing in order to obtain baled crop material of desired density, the digital value is compared with upper and lower limits of the pressure which may be applied to the tension rails. If the digital vaue falls below the lower limit or exceeds the upper limit a visual indication of the condition is displayed for the operator.

Abstract: An agricultural baler comprising a bale case and a plunger reciprocable in the bale case for, in use of the baler, forming crop material into bales and moving bales along the bale case towards the discharge end thereof for ultimate discharge therefrom. A pair of slides in the bale case are operable to engage a formed or partially formed bale in the bale case and move it therealong towards the discharge end thereof independently of the operation of the plunger.Tines pivotally mounted on the slides are urged by springs into an operative position to engage bales in the bale case. The times may be retracted to an inoperative position.

Abstract: An apparatus for compacting articles including a compaction chamber adapted to receive articles to be compacted. An article chute is positioned to feed articles into the compaction chamber. A tamper is mounted in the article chute for precompacting articles in the compaction chamber. A compaction platen is mounted for back and forth movement in the compaction chamber. In one embodiment, the force applied by the platen to the articles in the compaction chamber is measured when the platen is at a selected point of movement in the compaction chamber. If the force measured is less than a selected amount, additional articles are added to the compaction chamber. If, on the other hand, the force is at least equal to a selected amount, the articles are ejected from the compaction chamber. An another embodiment, the tamper is movable between an open and a closed position.

Abstract: An automated trash management system for measuring the fullness of a plurality of trash containers, each trash container associated with a packing system having a compression member for engaging and compacting the trash in the container and, optionally having a limit switch activated by the compression member when the compression member is fully extended for controlling the movement of the compression member by the packing system.

Abstract: A baler comprises a bale chamber having at least one wall movable generally laterally of the bale chamber to vary the cross-sectional area thereof and hydraulic actuator means operable to move the laterally movable bale chamber wall. The baler further comprises hydraulic sensor means coupled to, and operable to sense the load on, the movable wall of the bale chamber and to control the actuator means when that load exceeds a predetermined value, whereby the cross-sectional area of the bale chamber is increased to relieve said load. This allows the baler to produce bales of substantially constant density irrespective of varying crop conditions.

Abstract: A stationary chamber is located below an apron on which garbage and other refuse is dumped from collection trucks. An opening in the apron is aligned with an opening in the top of the chamber. The discharge end of the chamber is closed by a gate which slants rearward at an angle of 15.degree. to the vertical against which the refuse is compacted. The gate may be raised when the chamber is to be discharged. Reciprocating within the chamber is a platen having its upper portion slanted forward at about an angle of 42.degree.. The platen is driven by a multi-stage hydraulic ram. Loads of about 15 cu. yds. are dumped into the chamber opening by a bulldozer. The bulldozer operator by a radio control causes the platen to move forward, compacting the first load to about one-half the original volume of the loose material. When the ram pressure reaches a predetermined pressure, the platen is automatically retracted. The operation is repeated until a predetermined weight has been received and compacted.

Abstract: A horizontal baling apparatus having a compression ram which is provided so as to be reciprocally movable into the baling chamber of the apparatus, and a mechanism which scales the length of stroke of the compression ram to a total stroke of a potentiometer, from the output of which the density of a portion of a bale of material is determined as well as the necessary amount of additional material which is required on successive laminations to maintain the density.

Abstract: An apparatus for compressing and heating a material to be treated, i.e., fibrous materials of plants such as true grasses or the like, changing the quality of the material, and solidifying the same. The material to be treated is delivered by a rotatable screw into and through a quality-changing chamber. During the passage of the material through the quality-changing chamber, the material is heated by a heating device. During the passage of the material through the quality-changing chamber, the material has its tissues destroyed, is softened, is compacted, and is solidified due to the compression by the screw and the heating by the heating device. A sensor senses a load applied to a motor and/or the temperature of the material being treated within the quality-changing chamber. A control system responds to a signal or signals from the sensor to control the load and/or the temperature.

Abstract: A system for monitoring the fullness of a compactor waste receiving container utilizes the back pressure generated by the compacted waste for determining the fullness of the container. The compactor ram is stopped when in the forward compacting position and the pressure exerted by the waste on the ram is monitored for thereby determining the fullness of the container. The system further includes a timer for monitoring the time required for displacement of the ram. Should the ram fail to attain the waste compacted position within a pre-determined time period then the hydraulic system is shut down and an indicator is lit in order to show to the operator that the container is full.

Abstract: A method and apparatus in which a predetermined load is placed upon an article prior to securing the article being strapped such as to hold said article together. The apparatus disclosed provides a means for controlling the drive force used to apply pressure to said article before strapping. In the preferred embodiment, an electric motor is mounted on a frame which allows the motor's displacement, relative to the frame of the strapping mechanism caused by the reactional torque of the motor applying force to the article prior to strapping. The measurement of the displacement of the motor relative to the stationary frame is monitored by an electrical apparatus, the output of which is compared to a predetermined value of desired force, thereby switching operation of said motor upon reaching the predetermined force.

Abstract: Regulating means in a roller press comprising a number of rolls for the adjustment of a press load and a deflection in deflection compensated rolls, especially in a calander stack provided for the glazing of a continuous thin running web like a paper web. The outer-most rolls in said roller press comprise means for the deflection compensation and one or several different press rolls, which are located between these outer-most rolls. Said roller press is provided with a feed-back connection arranged between a control circuit of the press load and a deflection compensation circuit of the deflection compensated rolls, which feed-back maintains a ratio between the press load and the hydraulic pressure in a roll of said compensable rolls.

Abstract: A tension control system for a baling machine has a pressure switch connected to the high pressure fluid supply. The switch is operable to actuate when the pressure of the fluid supply exceeds a predetermined level, such as when the baling head ram cylinder is approaching a stalled condition. A solenoid controlled valve is located between the high pressure fluid supply and the fluid cylinder which operates the tension mechanism on the throat portion of the baling machine. The solenoid is operatively connected to the pressure switch to close when the pressure of the fluid supply exceeds to predetermined level. When the valve closes, fluid pressure in the tension cylinder is relieved so that the cylinder operating the baling head does not become stalled. When the baling head is again capable of operation, the pressure switch deactuates, returning the valve to an open condition so that tension is restored to the throat portion of the baling machine.

Abstract: A system for segregating and baling textile wastes supplied from a plurality of separate sources embodies a plurality of filling stations which receive the wastes from the separate sources. An upwardly opening portable waste receiving bin is mounted within each filling station with the lower end of each bin carrying a detachable bottom platen. A transfer mechanism moves each bin selectively, back and forth between its filling station and a compression station where the wastes are compressed within the bin. Actuator units in the compression station disconnect the bin from its platen and raise the bin to an upper position about a movable ram to thus expose the bale for final bale out.

Abstract: A control arrangement for a loading device for bulk goods containers is proposed. The movement cycle of the loading device is controlled by an electronic control device. The control device has an input which is connected to several electric control signal transmitters which at a certain position of the loading device generate a signal. The output of the control device is connected to electric control members which switch on the drive of the loading device for different movement steps thereof. This is achieved by the control device through switching from one control member to another control member when the respective control signal transmitter generates a signal that the movement step of the loading device has occurred in a correct manner. In order to prevent any faulty controls, which occur when the control signal transmitters are not working properly, an arrest circuit is provided which prevents that the control signal transmitter transmits signals to the control device in an incorrect sequence.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for the compression treatment of a material web in a calender or the like, wherein the pressure in the roller nip can be precisely set and regulated by the comparison between the set point value and the actual value of the pressure in the roller nip. The actual pressure is determined by a pressure measuring element mounted on a piston supported against the rollers of the calender or in the bearings of such a roller, taking into consideration the weight of the directly supported roller.

Abstract: A continuous press is disclosed for simultaneously pressing and conveying a workpiece, such as the laminations for making plywood, through the press in a continuous manner. The press comprises opposed sets of presser-conveyor rails which are spaced apart to receive a workpiece therebetween. The rails are mounted upon hydraulic actuators, one set of actuators for transverse motion of the rails and another set of actuators for longitudinal actuation of the rails. Each set of rails drives a separate caterpillar belt and the workpiece is interposed between the belts. The hydraulic actuators are energized in a sequence so that the rails maintain continuous pressing action through the belts and the belts maintain continuous conveyor action.

Abstract: As the baler advances across the field picking up windrowed crop material, the material is continuously packed into the lower, open end of an upwardly curved duct leading to the bottom of the main baling chamber. A loading fork sweeps upwardly through the duct at regular intervals to stuff an accumulated charge of materials up into the baling chamber from the duct, and a packer at the mouth of the duct continuously adds new material to the duct at such a rate as to precompress the charge of materials accumulating within the duct prior to stuffing thereof into the bale chamber. If the precompressed charge reaches a certain predetermined density level between stuffing cycles, the duct may expand transversely via a spring-loaded sidewall thereof to keep the charge from substantially exceeding the selected density level yet permit the uninterrupted infeed of still further material pending the next operation of the loading fork.

Abstract: An agricultural baler has a device for picking up stalk-type and blade-type vegetation. The picked up vegetation is inserted into a precompacting chamber wherein it is subjected to initial compacting. The degree of compaction is sensed and, when it reaches a preselected magnitude, the precompacted body of vegetation is expelled from the precompacting chamber into a main compacting chamber. The precompacted bodies are of identical or substantially identical size and density.

Abstract: Shredded paper for use as animal bedding material is compacted for packing by a reciprocating hydraulic compacting ram which displaces the material into an ejector chamber in a number of successive storkes. The pressure in the compacting ram is monitored by a pressure switch, and when a threshold pressure corresponding to a desired degree of compaction is reached a limit switch is effectively primed to trip the operation of an ejector ram upon completion of a compaction stroke, to eject the compacted material from the ejector chamber.The production of fertilizer particles is also described in which shredded paper impregnated with manure after use is comminuted and at least partially dried.

Abstract: A baling machine for making large rectangular bales of straw or hay has a bale chamber with an entry opening at one end. Material is fed under compression to the entry opening to fill the chamber. So that the bale is formed of consolidated columns of material a guide is located adjacent the entry opening and can be moved in and out of the chamber after each column is formed.Pivoting of the guide pushes completed columns along the chamber to make way for incoming material.

Abstract: An improved instrument for measuring and indicating the load experienced during a cycle of a machine, as a reciprocating press. A piezoelectric transducer mounted on the press provides a signal which is proportional to the press frame deformation during operation. In one aspect of the instrument, the signal from the transducer is amplified and compared with reference voltages representative of excessive machine load and a minimum load level. During each cycle of operation either a NORMAL, UNDER or OVER (LOW, OK or HI) indicator is actuated. The NORMAL indicator remains on so long as the machine load is within the selected limits represented by the reference voltage. A safety circuit stops the press when an excessive load is experienced. In another aspect of the instrument, the reverse load experienced by the machine is detected.

Abstract: Compression apparatus including a press framework defining a compression region for housing material such as straw to be compressed, one or more compression elements such as two opposed arrays of compression teeth for compressing material by movement along the compression region, and a drive mechanism for moving the compression teeth in a cycle of movement. The cycle includes the compression teeth entering into the compression region, moving along the compression region along a substantially rectilinear path to compress material in the compression region, and returning to the position occupied at the beginning of the cycle, the compression teeth being at least partially removed from the compression region during the return movement.

Abstract: If the next charge to be stuffed into the baling chamber has not yet reached the desired size and density by the time the stuffing fork and compacting plunger are ready to begin their next operating cycles, the plunger and the fork are temporarily deactivated until the charge reaches full size and density. Thereupon, the fork stuffs the entire charge into the baling chamber in a single cycle of operation for compaction by the plunger. The baler is loaded from the bottom of the baling chamber through an upwardly curved duct that serves both as an accumulating chamber and as a precompression area into which the charge is progressively packed by a rotating, retractable finger drum at the lower end of the duct. The plunger closes the top of the duct during such accumulation and pre-compression, and in order to provide ample time for the plunger to retract from the duct when the stuffing cycle commences, the fork moves slowly at first but then quite rapidly once the plunger has retracted.

Abstract: In a baling operation that uses a continuously reciprocating plunger, if the next charge to be stuffed into the chamber has not yet reached the desired size and density by the time the stuffing fork is ready to begin its next operating cycle, the fork is temporarily deactivated, without affecting the plunger, until the charge reaches full size and density. Thereupon, the fork stuffs the entire charge into the baling chamber in a single cycle of operation for compaction by the plunger. The baler is loaded from the bottom of the baling chamber through an upwardly curved duct that serves both as an accumulating chamber and as a precompression area into which the charge is progressively packed by a rotating, retractable finger drum at the lower end of the duct. A backstop for precompression purposes may be presented at the top of the duct in a number of alternative ways, i.e.

Abstract: If the next charge to be stuffed into the baling chamber has not yet reached the desired size and density by the time the stuffing fork and compacting plunger are ready to begin their next operating cycles, the plunger and the fork are temporarily deactivated until the charge reaches full size and density. Thereupon, the fork stuffs the entire charge into the baling chamber in a single cycle of operation for compaction by the plunger. The baler is loaded from the bottom of the baling chamber through an upwardly curved duct that serves both as an accumulating chamber and as a pre-compression area into which the charge is progressively packed by a rotating, retractable finger drum at the lower end of the duct. The plunger closes the top of the duct during such accumulation and pre-compression, and in order to provide ample time for the plunger to retract from the duct when the stuffing cycle commences, the fork moves slowly at first but then quite rapidly once the plunger has retracted.

Abstract: If the next charge to be stuffed into the baling chamber has not yet reached the desired size and density by the time the stuffing fork and compacting plunger are ready to begin their next operating cycles, the plunger and the fork are temporarily deactivated until the charge reaches full size and density. Thereupon, the fork stuffs the entire charge into the baling chamber in a single cycle of operation for compaction by the plunger. The baler is loaded from the bottom of the baling chamber through an upwardly curved duct that serves both as an accumulating chamber and as a precompression area into which the charge is progressively packed by a rotating, retractable finger drum at the lower end of the duct. The plunger closes the top of the duct during such accumulation and pre-compression, and in order to provide ample time for the plunger to retract from the duct when the stuffing cycle commences, the fork moves slowly at first but then quite rapidly once the plunger has retracted.

Abstract: The invention pertains to an improved method and device for increasing the extent of compaction of materials having a tendency to reexpand when relieved after being compacted in a bale press. For being able to compensate for the reexpansion of the material compacted in a bale press when pushed forward through the press channel during compacting, it is suggested that the abutment, against which the material is compacted and which consists of the bale last produced, is tightened when the plunger of the bale press has reached a predetermined distance before its forward end position. This results in the desired maximum compaction being achieved when the plunger occupies its forward end position.

Abstract: Vehicle mounted compactor apparatus comprising multiple pressure actuated cylinders connected such that fluid is initially directed to a first cylinder to provide rapid reciprocating movement of a ram through a chamber to form a low density bale and is subsequently directed to second and third cylinders to provide low speed movement at increased compactive force to increase the density of the bale. A bonding agent is sprayed into the chamber to eliminate necessity for tying the bale. An elevator deposits the bale in a storage container pivoted to the frame of the vehicle for dumping.

Abstract: A downstroke baler comprising a compaction chamber through which a platen is reciprocated vertically by spaced pressure actuated cylinders secured to opposite ends of the platen. The lower end of an actuating rod rests upon a support plate secured to the frame of the baler and a bracket secured to the frame of the baler is positioned adjacent the upper end of the actuating rod to restrain the actuating rod against vertical movement. A sleeve is secured to the platen and slides along the actuating rod such that the actuating rod is maintained perpendicular to the face of the platen. The upper end of the actuating rod is connected through an actuating link to valves secured to the frame of the baler. The valves control a hydraulic circuit connected to the cylinders which raise and lower the platen such that movement of the platen from a horizontal attitude causes the actuating rod to be moved from a vertical attitude thereby changing flow of fluid to the cylinders to return the platen to a horizontal attitude.

Abstract: A load compacting and ejecting mechanism for a refuse truck having an open rectangular body and an openable tailgate. An ejector plate extends across the body and is mounted for movement from front to back through the body. The ejector plate has a centrally located compaction plate which is mounted on the ejector plate structure for movement between a front position in which it constitutes a part of the rear face of the ejector plate and a second position rearwardly of the rear face of the ejector plate. A main hydraulic cylinder means extends between and is connected to the front of the body and to the compaction plate. A second hydraulic cylinder means is connected between the main structure of the ejector plate and the compaction plate. A first hydraulic circuit connects the opposite ends of the first cylinder means to a source of hydraulic fluid and includes a control valve for alternatively extending and retracting the main cylinder.

Abstract: If the next charge to be stuffed into the baling chamber has not yet reached the desired size and density by the time the stuffing fork and compacting plunger are ready to begin their next operating cycles, the plunger and the fork are temporarily deactivated until the charge reaches full size and density. Thereupon, the fork stuffs the entire charge into the baling chamber in a single cycle of operation for compaction by the plunger. The baler is loaded from the bottom of the baling chamber through an upwardly curved duct that serves both as an accumulating chamber and as a pre-compression area into which the charge is progressively packed by a rotating, retractable finger drum at the lower end of the duct. Actuation of the plunger and stuffing fork occurs automatically in response to obtaining the predetermined density of the accumulated charge as sensed by a pressure-sensitive device located at the lower end of the loading duct slightly downstream from the packing drum.

Abstract: A rapid load relief device to prevent fast build-up of pressure in a continuous press of the type having two rotatively driven endless conveyor belts forming opposed, substantially linear spans defining a press zone with press platens applying pressure through the travelling spans to work carried therebetween and in which a plurality of hydraulic cylinders or spindles are inserted between the press platens and rigid supports with pressure supplied to the cylinders through a pressure-controlling valve which is sensitive to the movement of the pressure platen to regulate the pressure in the cylinders maintaining a constant platen spacing in which means are provided which, upon sensing an excess pressure, immediately separate the press platens.

Abstract: A baling press has opposed boxes with a press mechanism movable along the lint feed box for pre-packing fibrous material fed continuously thereto. The press mechanism is reciprocable axially along the lint feed box in short strokes and moves progressively from a discharge opening toward an open end thereof. The packing mechanism is movable toward the discharge opening so as to permit leg members thereof to discharge a pre-packed bale of fibrous material of a predetermined size through an open gate at the opening and into a compression mechanism disposed co-axially with the lint box. The compression mechanism includes a compression chamber located adjacent the discharge opening for compressing the pre-packed fibrous material into compact bales which are subsequently exposed for removal as the compression chamber is shifted axially away from the lint box.

Abstract: A refuse compactor includes a refuse storage body, a compaction panel movable within the storage body to give refuse within said body an initial pack and a stuffer panel movable within said body to provide the refuse with a secondary pack.The stuffer panel may apply a higher packing pressure to the refuse than the compaction panel.The secondary pack applied to refuse by the stuffer panel has an upward component of movement with a greater upward inclination than the packing force applied to the refuse through movement of the compaction panel thereby offsets the gravitational effect of increased densification of refuse in the lower portion of the refuse storage body.First and second hydraulic motor means are respectively connected to the compaction panel and the stuffer panel.

Abstract: A filter press has a support frame; a plurality of face-to-face oriented filter plates movable towards and away from one another and forming a filter plate stack; a closing device connected to the filter plates for exerting thereon a pressure with which the filter plates are urged to one another; a closing pressure regulator coupled to the closing device; a stationarily supported path-sensing signal transmitter connected to the closing device; and a sensor arm connected at least indirectly to one of the filter plates for displacing the sensor arm by, and as a function of the motion of, that filter plate. The sensor arm is coupled to the path-sensing signal transmitter for controlling the closing pressure of the closing device by the signal transmitter as a function of the position of the sensor arm.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and a press arrangement in which a panel is compressed between two heated plates of a press, and in which a vacuum is created between the two plates of the press during compression, one of the plates being flexible along one direction, wherein the curved flexible plate is applied to the panel to be pressed so that it contacts the panel on an elongated surface near a generatrix, the air pressure in the press around the panel is gradually lowered while the flexible plate is progressively developed to shape it into planar form, pressure is exerted on more and more surface starting from the surface of initial pressure so as to exert pressure over the entire surface of the flexible plate in order to shape it into planar form when the desired low pressure is attained.

Abstract: A baling press, having a cavity and a bolster for reciprocating in the cavity, uses replaceable cavity liners and bolster wear strips. These liners and wear strips can be replaced without disassembling the press by withdrawing the bolster from the cavity. Also disclosed is the use of a number of high volume pumps which are switched out of the hydraulic supply circuit as the bolster nears the end of its compression stroke so as to allow the use of relatively low power prime movers.

Abstract: A baler comprises a container with an upper open end, a lid hinged on a rear upper edge of the container and a platen mounted on the lid for compressing the material to be baled. The platen slides up and down through a hole in the lid, and hydraulic rams are used for lowering and raising the platen and for lifting and lowering the lid together with the platen. The container has an upper front door which is hinged at its lower end on a horizontal axis and there is a linkage between the lid and the door so that when the lid and platen are pivoted upwardly and rearwardly, the door pivots downwardly and forwardly, with the result that a hopper mouth of large area is formed into which the material to be baled can be placed.