Abstract: An effective production method for silane-treated clays having exceptional reinforcing effects with respect to rubber, and compositions using these silane-treated clays are offered. With the silane-treated clay production method, a functional silane is predispersed or emulsified in water by means of a surfactant in order to mix the functional silane with kaolin clay and thereby uniformly surface-treat the kaolin clay with the functional silane. The surfactant should preferably be a non-ionic surfactant with an HLB value in the range of 8-18. The silane-treated clay formed by surface-treating kaolin clay by means of these functional silanes characteristically contains low residual levels of the non-ionic surfactants. The functional silanes can be either vinyl or sulfur functional silanes. The silane treated clays are useful as fillers or extenders in rubber compositions, particularly those employing silicas and/or carbon blacks.

Abstract: A process for preparing organoclays as thixotropic agents to control the rheology of water-based paints and other aqueous and polar-organic systems. The process relates to treating low-grade clay ores to achieve highly purified organoclays and/or to incorporate surface modifying agents onto the clay by adsorption and/or to produce highly dispersed organoclays without excessive grinding or high shear dispersion. The process involves the treatment of impure, or run-of-mine, clay using an aqueous biphasic extraction system to produce a highly dispersed clay, free of mineral impurities and with modified surface properties brought about by adsorption of the water-soluble polymers used in generating the aqueous biphasic extraction system. This invention purifies the clay to greater than 95%.

Abstract: A composition of clay, water and an additive chosen from the group consisting of tannin, modified tannin and mixtures thereof. A clay brick made from a composition of clay, water and an additive chosen from the group consisting of tannin, modified tannin and mixtures thereof. A method for producing clay bricks in which a composition comprising clay, water and an additive chosen from the group consisting of tannin, modified tannin and mixtures thereof is prepared. A clay brick made by a method in which a composition comprising clay, water and an additive chosen from the group consisting of tannin, modified tannin and mixtures thereof is prepared. A method for producing brick in which the water content necessary to facilitate the extrusion of a plastic mixture of clay and water is reduced by incorporating an additive chosen from the group consisting of tannin, modified tannin and mixtures thereof into the plastic mixture of clay and water.

Abstract: A method of preparing a polymer structured pigment slurry which comprises providing an anionic, aqueous slurry including a plurality of solid mineral particles, adding a low molecular weight, cationic polymer in an amount of less than about 0.20% by weight to the slurry and then adding a small amount of an inorganic dispersant to the polymer treated pigment slurry. The Malvern median particle size of the mineral particles treated with the polycationic polymer is less than about 20% larger than the Malvern median particle size of the untreated mineral particles.

Abstract: Intercalates formed by contacting a layered material, e.g., a phyllosilicate, with an intercalant monomer having a hydroxyl and/or an aromatic ring functionality to sorb or intercalate the intercalant monomer between adjacent platelets of the layered material. Sufficient intercalant monomer is sorbed between adjacent platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 5 .ANG. (as measured after water removal to a maximum of 5% by weight water), up to about 100 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 10-45 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated into individual platelets. The intercalated complex can be combined with an organic liquid into a viscous carrier material, for delivery of the carrier material, or for delivery of an active compound; or the intercalated complex can be combined with a matrix polymer to form a strong, filled polymer matrix.

Abstract: A ceiling board coating composition includes water, a binder and a filler, said filler having large particles with an average particle size of a minimum of about 50 microns, medium particles with an average particle size in the range of from about 1.2 to about 30 microns, and small particles which have an average particle size in the range of from about 0.1 to about 1.0 microns.

Abstract: Intercalates formed by contacting a layered material, e.g., a phyllosilicate, with an intercalant monomer having a hydroxyl and/or an aromatic ring functionality to sorb or intercalate the intercalant monomer between adjacent platelets of the layered material. Sufficient intercalant monomer is sorbed between adjacent platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 5 .ANG. (as measured after water removal to a maximum of 5% by weight water), up to about 100 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 10-45 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated into individual platelets. The intercalated complex can be combined with an organic liquid into a viscous carrier material, for delivery of the carrier material, or for delivery of an active compound; or the intercalated complex can be combined with a matrix polymer to form a strong, filled polymer matrix.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high solids slurry and a method for producing the same. Specifically, the present invention provides a talc slurry having a solids content of at least about 58% and a viscosity of less than about 500 centipoise. The talc slurry of the present invention comprises talc, a salt and a base.

Abstract: A multi-component pigment slurry which comprises at least 50% solids. The slurry is formulated to be admixed into paint and coating compositions to promote TiO.sub.2 extension. The slurry includes a structured pigment, a coarse particle size pigment, and a fine particle size pigment. The structured pigment comprises about 20% to about 55% of the slurry by dry weight and has a median particle size diameter of about 0.7.mu. to about 6.0.mu.. The coarse particle size pigment preferably comprises about 20% to about 60% by weight of the slurry and has a median particle size diameter of about 3.0.mu. to about 10.0.mu.. The fine particle size pigment preferably comprises up to about 50% by dry weight of the slurry and has a median particle size diameter of about 0.2.mu. to about 1.0.mu..

Abstract: A method for modifying the surface of kaolinite or a kindred mineral comprises the step of subjecting the mineral to a water vapor plasma. The modification involves the generation of reactive hydroxyl sites on the surface of the kaolinite. The plasma treatment may be followed by treatment with an appropriate chemical reagent to further modify the surface properties of the mineral.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the brightness and increasing the yield of a kaolin clay by optimizing the removal of the titania and mica impurities in the clay and the amount of clay remaining in the slurry is disclosed. The method is a selective flocculation process wherein the clay is blunged, dispersed, and conditioned before flocculation. In the flocculation step, a high molecular weight anionic polymer and a low molecular weight anionic polymer, such as sodium polyacrylate, are added to the slurry after the conditioning process, whereby the titania-mica enriched flocs are separated from the suspension which is enriched with kaolin. This final kaolin product has titania levels ranging from 0.1% to 0.5%, a reduced mica level, a high usable product yield, and a brightness greater than 89.5 and at least 91.5.

Abstract: A method for making coated pigment particles by forming a suspension of the desired pigment particles in a medium that also comprises a polymer characterized by having hydrophobic moieties on the polymer backbone and ionic moieties that are present on, or can be formed on a polymer side chain or at the polymer terminals; allowing the suspension of pigment particles to contact said polymer at a temperature above the softening point of the polymer, allowing the resultant suspension to cool to a temperature below the solidification temperature for the polymer while maintaining the pigment particles in suspension, and, if required, forming the ionic moieties.

Abstract: An organoclay composition comprising a mineral clay mixture which has been treated with an alkyl quaternary ammonium salt said mixture comprising: mineral clay (a) comprising 50 to 95 wt. %, based on the weight of the mineral clay mixture, of a mineral clay selected from the group consisting of sepiolite, palygorskite and mixtures of sepiolite and palygorskite; and mineral clay (b) comprising the balance by weight of the mineral clay mixture, of a smectite.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pigment ink which can be produced through a simplified procedure and enables coloring as good as a dye ink. The pigment ink mainly consists of an intercalation compound such as a mineral of the montmorrilonite group and the hydrotalcite group, wherein at least a part of interstitial ions in the intercalation compound is substituted by dye ions having a polarity opposite to that of the interstitial ions. The pigment is dispersed in water together with a dispersion agent and a wetting agent so as to obtain the pigment ink. Remaining interstitial ions not substituted by the dye ions are substituted by hydrophilic ions.

Abstract: Kaolin clays are conditioned for the removal of colored titaniferous impurities by (A) first mixing the kaolin clay with a collector to condition the impurities, in the absence of a dispersant, but in the presence of sufficient water to yield a mixture having a solids content of at least 65 percent by weight and (B) then deflocculating the kaolin clay mixture at a pH of at least 4.0 with a dispersant in amounts sufficient to yield a kaolin clay slurry which is suitable for subsequent processing to remove colored titaniferous impurities.

Abstract: A stable aqueous pigment slurry and a process for preparing same. The slurry contains about 50 to 90 wt. %, based on the weight of the slurry, of a pigment such as titanium dioxide and about 0.2 to 3.0 wt. %, based on the weight of the slurry, of a smectite clay such as bentonite, hectorite or montmorillonite. Preferably, the pigment slurry also contains about 0.1 to 2.0 wt. %, based on the weight of the slurry, of a dispersant. The process involves admixing a pigment slurry and a smectite clay slurry and preferably also the dispersant by milling the three components together under high shear conditions.

Abstract: A filler of inorganic particles, cellulose reactive size and cationic dispersing agent is provided, the use of which results in the capability to obtain the desired sizing level practically unaffected by the level of filler addition.

Abstract: A method of improving the strength and/or plasticity of a clay composition comprising a kandite clay and an organic additive comprising at least one water soluble compound having a plurality of basic groups wherein the organic additive is present in an amount of from about 0.05% by weight to about 0.5% by weight based on the dry weight of the kandite clay present, which method comprises treating the kandite clay by adding thereto a monovalent ion activated smectite clay or a monovalent ion activating agent for a smectite clay or both whereby the amount of monovalent ion activated non-calcined smectite clay present in the clay composition is adjusted to be in the range from about 1% by weight to about 5% by weight based upon the dry weight of the kandite clay present.

Abstract: Initiator-treated pigment particles for use in making polymer coated pigment particles, are made up of a plurality of pigment particles. Each of the pigment particles has an outer surface that is covered with a coating of initiator material. The initiator material operates as a nucleus for initiating polymerization on the surface of the particle. The initiator-treated pigment particles are made by providing a plurality of pigment particles and applying a coating of initiator material to the outer surface of each pigment particle.

Abstract: This invention pertains to the use of a combination of polyvalent cations, clay dispersant and high molecular weight anionic polymer to preferentially remove colloidal fines (slimes) from a kaolin slurry, leaving the remainder of the kaolin in the slurry in the form of a coherent gelatinous mass.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the introduction of alloying compounds into a metal substrate using a laser energy source is disclosed. The compositions comprise a viscous fluid mixture of a powdered silicate mineral composite, a powdered metallic or semi-metallic compound and a water insoluble or slightly water soluble liquid component capable of supporting a dispersion of the powdered silicate mineral composite and the powdered metallic or semi-metallic compound therein. The composition may be sprayed in bulk onto large surface areas of a metal substrate in need of repair prior to laser irradiation.

Abstract: High performance acid activated clays suitable for bleaching oil are produced by contacting an intercalating clay mineral with a strong acid in a polar organic liquid.

Abstract: Colored impurities are removed from kaolin clay by an improved flotation process in which a blend of a fatty acid compound and a hydroxamate compound is used as a collector.

Abstract: The adsorption of cationic dyes on nanosize negatively charged silica particles to form colored pigments is disclosed. The dyes are chemisorbed and their uptake is controlled by the strong chemical reaction between the negative surface of the adsorbent silica particles preferably with sodium counter ions and the positive charge of the dyes. The prepared pigments are useful in the formation of color films and their optical properties are described. Photoresists using nanosized pigments are also disclosed herein which are useful in making color filters for liquid crystal displays.

Abstract: An inorganic particulate material suitable for use as a pigment material in a paper coating composition has a particle size distribution which when represented as a graph of percentage of weight of particles having an equivalent spherical diameter (esd) of given size versus particle esd expressed in microns and plotted on a logarithmic base 10 scale has the following features: (a) a first peak at the coarse particle size and a second peak at a finer particle size and a dip or trough between the first and second peaks; (b) the mean particle size x.sub.1 of the particles making up the first peak being 2 to 4 microns; (c) the relationship between the first and second peaks being such that the value of the mean particle size x.sub.2 of the particles making up the second peak is separated in the particle size distribution graph from the value of x.sub.1 by at least 0.5; and (d) the minimum of the dip or trough is at a given particle esd dimension of between 0.5 and 5 microns.

Abstract: An effective production method for silane-treated clays having exceptional reinforcing effects with respect to rubber, and compositions using these silane-treated clays are offered. With the silane-treated clay production method, a functional silane is predispersed or emulsified in water by means of a surfactant in order to mix the functional silane with kaolin clay and thereby uniformly surface-treat the kaolin clay with the functional silane. The surfactant should preferably be a non-ionic surfactant with an HLB value in the range of 8-18. The silane-treated clay formed by surface-treating kaolin clay by means of these functional silanes characteristically contains low residual levels of the non-ionic surfactants. The functional silanes can be either vinyl or sulfur functional silanes. The silane treated clays are useful as fillers or extenders in rubber compositions, particularly those employing silicas and/or carbon blacks.

Abstract: Amorphous derivatives of kaolin group minerals characterized by high specific surfaces and/or high cation exchange capacities and a .sup.27 AL MAS NMR spectrum having a dominant peak at about 55 ppm relative to Al(H.sub.2 O).sub.6.sup.3+. Such derivatives are prepared by reacting a kaolin group mineral with a reagent, such as, an alkali metal halide or an ammonium halide which converts the majority of the octahedrally coordinated aluminum in the kaolin group mineral to tetrahedrally coordinated aluminum. Such derivatives show high selectivity in its cation exchange towards the metals: Pb.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+, Cd.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, CO.sup.2+, Cr.sup.3+, Sr.sup.2-, Zn.sup.2+, Nd.sup.3+ and UO.sub.2.sup.+.

Abstract: Aqueous pigment preparations comprisinga) 10 to 80% by weight, in particular 20 to 60% by weight, of a pigment,b) 0.1 to 20% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 15% by weight, of an oxyalkylation product which is obtained by addition of optionally substituted styrenes onto optionally substituted phenols and reaction with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide,c) 2 to 30% by weight of a polyether-polyol having a boiling point under normal pressure of greater than 150.degree. C. andd) if appropriate further additives, and water as the remainder,which are particularly suitable for pigmenting naturally occurring and synthetic materials, such as emulsion paints, emulsion coatings and emulsion printing inks, have been found.

Abstract: An improved finely divided rubber-reinforcing clay mineral composition can be produced by employing a hydrous kaolin clay surface treated with a functional silane, a methylene donor compound such as hexamethylenetetramine, and a multifunctional methylene acceptor such as resorcinol. A novel process of preparation is provided. The improved reinforcing, treated clay filler can be combined with natural or synthetic elastomer compositions which can be cured to elastomer products which have improved physical properties, such as modulus, tensile, tear, wear resistance and/or resistance to heat build-up.

Abstract: A surface-modified colored pigment is disclosed which includes a colored pigment having no primary amines and at least one attached hydrophilic organic group, wherein said organic group comprises a) at least one aromatic group, and b) at least one ionic group or ionizable group, or a mixture of an ionic group or an ionizable group. The colored pigment may be blue, brown, cyan, green, violet, magenta, red, orange, yellow, mixtures thereof and the like. The surface-modified colored pigment, due to the hydrophilic groups on its surface, is readily dispersed in a liquid vehicle without the addition of a surfactant or other dispersing aid or additive. The surface-modified color pigment may be used in a variety of aqueous systems including, but not limited to, coatings, paints, papers, adhesives, latexes, inks, toners, textiles and fibers. In addition, an aqueous composition is disclosed including water-based liquid vehicle and the surface-modified colored pigment described above.

Abstract: Intercalates formed by contacting a layered material, e.g., a phyllosilicate, with an intercalant monomer having a hydroxyl and/or an aromatic ring functionality to sorb or intercalate the intercalant monomer between adjacent platelets of the layered material. Sufficient intercalant monomer is sorbed between adjacent platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 5 .ANG. (as measured after water removal to a maximum of 5% by weight water), up to about 100 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 10-45 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated into individual platelets. The intercalated complex can be combined with an organic liquid into a viscous carrier material, for delivery of the carrier material, or for delivery of an active compound; or the intercalated complex can be combined with a matrix polymer to form a strong, filled polymer matrix.

Abstract: Intercalates formed by contacting a layered material, e.g., a phyllosilicate, with an intercalant monomer carbonyl-functional compound and/or a carboxylic acid-functional compound to sorb or intercalate the intercalant monomer between adjacent platelets of the layered material. Sufficient intercalant monomer is sorbed between adjacent platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 5 .ANG. (as measured after water removal to a maximum of 5% by weight water), up to about 100 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 10-45 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated into individual platelets. The intercalated complex can be combined with an organic liquid into a viscous carrier material, for delivery of the carrier material, or for delivery of an active compound; or the intercalated complex can be combined with a matrix polymer to form a strong, filled polymer matrix.

Abstract: Present invention provides ionic spiropyran compounds having a C10-C22 alkyl group or groups at the 1'- and/or 8-positions of 3',3'-dimethyl-6-nitrospiro?2H-1-benzopyran-2',2'-indoline! and a composite material made by conjugating the said ionic spiropyrans with clay mineral, the said composite material being capable of forming a transparent thin film which is photo-interconvertible between the said spiropyrans and the corresponding merocyanines.

Abstract: An aqueous slurry of smectite clay of elevated solids content, comprising an aqueous solution or emulsion of at least 0.2% by weight of said slurry of a salt of a low molecular weight amine salt, in which is dispersed from about 10 to 47% by weight of the slurry, of a smectite clay. The amine salt is effective to prevent the smectite from swelling appreciably, whereby the slurry can be shipped and stored without creating a gelling problem. The inhibiting or suppressing effect of the amine salt on the swelling of the clay and on gelling of the slurry is reversible upon subsequent dilution with water, thereby facilitating use of the smectite in typical applications, e.g. as a retention aid in paper making, or as a viscosifier.

Abstract: Organoclay compositions which comprise the reaction product of a smectite-type clay having an ion exchange capacity of at least 50 meq. wt. per 100 g. clay (active basis), and mixture of a quaternary ammonium compound and a chain transfer agent which is a thiol, .alpha.-methylketone, .alpha.-methylalcohol or a halogen compound are useful agents for use in the processes for the preparation of thermoplastic materials.

Abstract: Granules based on silicon dioxide and having the properties:Average particle size: 10 to 120 .mu.mBET surface area: 40 to 400 m.sup.2 /gPore volume: 0.5 to 2.5 ml/gPore size distribution: less than 5% of the total pore volume exists of pores with a diameter<5 nm, remainder are meso- and macroporespH value: 3.6 to 8.5Tapped density: 220 to 700 g/lThey are prepared by dispersing silicon dioxide in water, spray drying, and optionally heating and/or silanizing. The granules can be used as catalyst supports.

Abstract: A high brightness coating composition made from a pigment made of a major pigment portion of a hydrous kaolin having a TAPPI brightness of at least about 85 and a minor pigment portion of a calcined kaolin, and a binder, where the pigment is substantially free of titanium dioxide. A high brightness coating composition made from a pigment made from a major pigment portion of a hydrous kaolin having a TAPPI brightness of at least about 85 and a minor pigment portion made from a calcined kaolin and titanium dioxide, and a binder, wherein titanium dioxide makes up less than about 15 dry parts per hundred of the pigment. A method of using a coating composition to coat a low brightness substrate such as basestock, where the resultant coated substrate has a TAPPI brightness of at least about 75, by coating the substrate with from about 1 to about 5 lbs./msf of a coating composition of the invention and, optionally, coating the substrate with a second coating of at least about 2 lbs./msf of the coating composition.

Abstract: An improved method for improving the brightness of clay of the type that is capable of being bleached by an oxidative reagent, such as Georgia gray kaolin. Such clay, in the form of a dispersed slurry, is treated with a combination of an inorganic condensed phosphate, sodium hypochlorite and ozone, preferably including separate treatment steps of magnetic purification and reductive bleaching. Suitable phosphates include sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate and tetrasodium pyrophosphate. The hypochlorite is added shortly before ozonation, and the phosphate is added before, simultaneously with, or after the hypochlorite.

Abstract: A process for improving the rheological properties of an aqueous suspension of a particulate inorganic material which comprises the steps of: (a) forming an aqueous suspension of the particulate inorganic material and an effective amount of an anionic polyelectrolyte dispersing agent; (b) diluting the suspension formed in step (a) with water while maintaining the particulate in the dispersed state of step (a) to give a solids concentration of not less than 20% by weight of the particulate inorganic material; and (c) reconcentrating the diluted suspension formed in step (b) to give a solids concentration of at least 50% by weight of the particulate inorganic material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new and novel method of preparing and sculpting a fireable ceramic mixture and to the novel mixture itself, which comprises generally of adding cellulose fibers, that can be obtained from recycled or other papers to a liquid slip clay, resulting in a product mixture that is much lighter in weight and has stronger green strength. This resulting product mixture allows its use wet and/or dry and with the ability to vary the maturing temperature as desired.

Abstract: Structured paper coatings having good opacifying characteristics and good rheological properties are manufactured by a process which consists essentially of mixing a fine particle size kaolin clay pigment; water; at least one material selected from the group consisting of dispersing agents, thickening agents, pH adjusting agents, wetting agents, defoaming agents and mixtures thereof; and at least one cationic flocculant; and then adding a non-cationic binder material to the mixture under continued mixing conditions for a time sufficient to produce the structured paper coating.

Abstract: Novel silicate minerals that have undergone a cation exhange with at least one heteroaromatic cation comprising a positively charged organo-substituted heteroatom and/or at least one positively charged heteroatom not part of an aromatic ring with at least one bond having a bond order greater than one and compositions comprising the same are described.

Abstract: Described is a process for separating a mixture of finely divided minerals into constituents thereof. In particular, the invention relates to a procedure for effecting such separation by a novel selective flocculation technique wherein a dispersed aqueous pulp containing the mixture of minerals is preconditioned for selective flocculation with an anionic polymer by addition of both a fatty acid such as oleic acid and source of polyvalent cation such as calcium chloride. The fatty acid and cation of the salt selectively coat the component of the mixture that is subsequently flocculated with the anionic polymer. A polyacrylate salt dispersant is preferably used in the process. The invention is especially adapted to the separation of colored titaniferous impurities from kaolin clay in which case both a white purified kaolin product and a strongly flocculated dun-colored titania/kaolin mixture are recovered and then dispersed producing a material useful as a paper coating pigment.

Abstract: New lysine derivatives containing a containing an alkylsulphonyl or alkylaminocarbonyl group of formula (I):COOH--CH(NH.sub.2)--(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --NH--Xin which X represents an --SO.sub.2 R or --CONHR group, where R represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, alkyl radical having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, salts thereof, and mixtures of the derivatives and the salts. A process for the preparation of these derivatives, salts, and mixtures and use of such derivatives, salts, and mixtures, especially in cosmetics. Compositions, especially cosmetic compositions, comprising the derivatives, salts, and mixtures.

Abstract: A method for beneficiating a low brightness fine particle size discolored kaolin crude to produce a high brightness coating clay. By combining the two beneficiating techniques of selective flocculation and ozonation, a synergistic phenomena occurs and a clay product of superior brightness and whiteness can be obtained from fine discolored clays that cannot be achieved by beneficiation with either process singularly. By passing the flocced clay through ozonation, the flocculant polymer left in the clay can be completely destroyed.

Abstract: Kaolin clays are conditioned for the removal of colored titaniferous impurities by (A) first mixing the kaolin clay with a collector to condition the impurities, in the absence of a dispersant, but in the presence of sufficient water to yield a mixture having a solids content of at least 65 percent by weight and (B) then deflocculating the kaolin clay mixture at a pH of at least 4.0 with a dispersant in amounts sufficient to yield a kaolin clay slurry which is suitable for subsequent processing to remove colored titaniferous impurities.

Abstract: The invention relates to a freely flowable, soil conditioner consisting of a granular perlite with a coating on the externally accessible surface of the perlite grains of unfired clay. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the soil conditioner in which a clay slurry is sprayed onto the perlite grains.

Abstract: A process for preparing a structured composite pigmentary material comprises forming a dispersion of uncoated particles of titanium dioxide at a pH value at which the particles have a surface charge and subjecting the dispersion to cross-flow filtration until the dispersion contains more than 50% by weight titanium dioxide. The concentrated dispersion is mixed with a dispersion of chemically distinct particles having a surface charge of opposite sign under conditions which ensure that the sign of the surface charge on either of the particulate materials is not reversed. In the resultant composite pigmentary material the titanium dioxide particles are held in association with the chemically distinct particles as a result of said surface charges.

Abstract: A process for intercalating potassium acetate molecules in kaolin clay particles to achieve delamination has been developed by mixing kaolin clay particles, potassium acetate and water. A maximum intercalation, and hence a maximum degree of delamination, can be achieved with potassium acetate levels between 10% and 75% by weight, based on the weight of kaolin clay particles, and 5% and 50% water by weight, based on the weight of potassium acetate.

Abstract: A pigment composition containing titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) and calcined clay in a weight ratio of between about 30:70 and 70:30, preferably between about 35:65 and 45:55 that is substantially free of a functional microgel component has advantages over a similar pigment containing a functional microgel. The pigment composition contains an amount of epichlorohydrin dimethylamine condensate that is sufficient to cationize the pigment, and lacks a microgel component. It is liquid when agitated. Preferably the composition has a solids content greater than about 55%, and most preferably between about 59% and about 61%.