With Additional Lime Patents (Class 106/710)
  • Publication number: 20020017224
    Abstract: A method for the treatment of fly ash to remove carbon and other matter. The resulting treated fly ash has a fine particle size and low carbon content and is useful in cementitious compositions. Other useful by-products, such as commerial grade cenopheres, can also be recovered.
    Type: Application
    Filed: April 25, 2001
    Publication date: February 14, 2002
    Inventor: Robert Horton
  • Patent number: 6126738
    Abstract: A method for making aggregate includes the following steps: (a) preparing a wet mixture by mixing water with a combination of ingredients in a mixer, the combination of ingredients including by weight about, 68% to 95% fly-ash and 2% to 10% lime; (b) dropping the wet mixture into at least one pile on a base surface; (c) allowing the wet mixture in the pile to substantially completely hydrolyze into a hard product; and (d) crushing the product to form the aggregate. Preferably, step (b) further includes forming an arcuate stack having multiple overlapping conical piles of the dropped wet mixture such that the stack extends a circular distance over the surface. The wet mixture may be transported from the mixer to a height above the surface and dropped to the surface by a radial stacker. The combination of ingredients, preferably, further includes by weight 0.5% to 12% alkali hydroxide and, more particularly, sodium hydroxide.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 6, 1998
    Date of Patent: October 3, 2000
    Assignee: TransAsh
    Inventors: John W. Gerbus, Daniel P. Ivkovich
  • Patent number: 6080234
    Abstract: An ultra-high performance composite concrete, with low cement and fiber content and having good mechanical properties as well as good impacts, shocks and projectile protection properties, includes hydraulic binder, aggregates, an admixture of metal fibers. Particularly, the composite concrete includes 70% to 85% of particles (A) having a particle size distribution which ranges from 0.01 to 3 mm up to particle size distribution which ranges from 0.01 to 0.50 mm; 2% to 10% of particles (B) having particle size of between 0.01 and 1 .mu.m; 3% to 20% of hydraulic binder; 0.1 to 3% of a dispersant or plasticizer; 0.05% to 8.5% of fibers; and, mixing water, wherein the percentages being weight percentages based on the sum of the weights of constituents a) to d).
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 24, 1997
    Date of Patent: June 27, 2000
    Assignee: Lafarge Materiaux de Specialites
    Inventors: Bernard Clavaud, Gerard Cochet, Claudie Gnagne, Jean-Pierre Targe
  • Patent number: 6068803
    Abstract: A method of making a building block from waste particulate siliceous materials, such as fly ash, bottom ash, and rock mineral fines, includes employing a major amount of such waste particulate materials in combination with a calciferous additive and water to cure and shape the same under the influence of controlled pressure and temperature for a predetermined time to create building block which is characterized by a mineralogical crystalline phase. Preferred ratios of fine waste particulate material and coarser waste particulate materials are disclosed. The product produced by the method is also disclosed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 18, 1998
    Date of Patent: May 30, 2000
    Assignee: Pittsburgh Mineral and Enviromental Technology, Inc.
    Inventors: Thomas E. Weyand, Casimir J. Koshinski, Wolfgang Baum
  • Patent number: 5997632
    Abstract: The present invention is directed to blended hydraulic cement compositions which are formed with subbituminous fly ash. In one embodiment, the cement composition comprises from about 0.1 wt. % to about 7 wt. % of a retarding agent; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % potassium carbonate; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % citric acid; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5 wt. % lithium carbonate; and from about 85 wt. % to about 99.7 wt. % of a subbituminous fly ash. In another embodiment, the cement composition comprises from about 0.1 wt. % to about 7 wt % of a retarding agent; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 6 wt. % of an alkali source selected from the group consisting of potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide and blends thereof; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % citric acid; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5 wt. % lithium carbonate; from about 25 wt. % to about 91.7 wt. % of a first subbituminous fly ash having a lime content; and from about 8 wt. % to about 60 wt.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 30, 1998
    Date of Patent: December 7, 1999
    Assignee: Mineral Resources Technologies, LLC
    Inventor: Robert William Styron
  • Patent number: 5961712
    Abstract: The invention provides cementitious mixtures, particularly for use as shotcrete binding materials. The resultant shotcrete has characteristics of rapid setting as low as 5 to 10 minutes, high early compressive strength (5 to 25 MPa in two hours curing, 20 to 60 MPa in one day curing), high permanent compressive strength and negligible shrinkage. High aluminous content roasted cement clinkers with gypsum, anhydrite, lime, limestone, bentonite and other additives are used in the mixtures. There are especially suitable for use in shotcrete engineering. The methods of using the improved shotcrete are similar to those of using Portland cement, with significantly decreased rebound at site.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 18, 1996
    Date of Patent: October 5, 1999
    Assignee: Sungeric International, Inc.
    Inventors: Henghu Sun, Shuqin Li, Weirui Xu
  • Patent number: 5951751
    Abstract: A flowable fill composition is shown which is prepared by mixing together a lime component, a pozzolanic component, aggregate material and water. The composition has a set compressive strength after 28 days of 2000 psi or less and is characterized by the substantial absence of cement or other self-setting adhesive components.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 26, 1998
    Date of Patent: September 14, 1999
    Assignee: Chemical Lime Company
    Inventors: Devon Williams, Michael Eliasen, Robert A. Derks
  • Patent number: 5852077
    Abstract: A lightweight, cementitious composition and method which includes a noncementitious filler, Portland cement, bentonite, diatamaceous earth and lime. The noncementitious filler may be sawdust, rubber chips, flyash or combinations of two or more of these ingredients. Once mixed with water and air, the composition can be molded to form a variety of structures, including electrically nonconductive posts, and can be used to absorb and contain liquid contaminants in a vessel.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 22, 1996
    Date of Patent: December 22, 1998
    Assignee: Composite Industries of America, Inc.
    Inventors: Joseph M. Zawada, Sandra K. Zawada
  • Patent number: 5788762
    Abstract: Novel cementitious systems comprised of gypsum, calcined clay, and clinker consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium silicates are disclosed which have the following properties: (1) a water demand of less than about 33% nc; (2) one-day strengths of at least about 1000 psi; and (3) low alkali functionality. By increasing the amount of calcined clay, the resulting cementitious system will sequentially gain the following properties: (1) alkali non-reactiveness; (2) alkali resistance; and (3) low chloride permeability. Novel methods of preparing the novel cementitious systems of this invention are also disclosed. The novel methods not only reduce production costs by decreasing fuel and raw material consumption, but they also allow the cement producer to proactively address significant environmental concerns related to the manufacturing process.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 27, 1997
    Date of Patent: August 4, 1998
    Assignee: Ash Grove Cement Company
    Inventors: Gregory S. Barger, Eric R. Hansen
  • Patent number: 5769936
    Abstract: A method for producing fly ash granules, which comprises mixing 100 parts by weight of fly ash, from 0.001 to 1 part by weight of a water-soluble polymer having from 2 to 80 mol %, based on the total repeating units, of repeating units having carboxyl groups, and from 40 to 100 parts by weight of water, for granulation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 29, 1995
    Date of Patent: June 23, 1998
    Assignee: Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
    Inventor: Kenji Mori
  • Patent number: 5725652
    Abstract: An improved lightweight cementitious product made up of an aqueous cementious mixture using cement and expanded shale, clay and slate mix, that can incorporate fly ash, lime, and the weight saving component, which is micronized polystyrene particles having particle sizes in the range of 50 to 2000 microns, and characterized by having water contents in the range of from about 0.5% to 50% v/v. The ultra low water compositions can be extruded and can be molded under high pressure.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 21, 1996
    Date of Patent: March 10, 1998
    Inventor: David M. Shulman
  • Patent number: 5714003
    Abstract: The present invention is directed to blended hydraulic cement compositions which are formed with subbituminous fly ash. In a first embodiment, the cement composition comprises from about 0.1 wt. % to about 7 wt. % of a retarding agent; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % of the total composition of potassium carbonate; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % of the total composition of citric acid; and from about 85 wt. % to about 99.7 wt. % of the total composition of a subbituminous fly ash. In a second embodiment, the cement composition comprises from about 0.1 wt. % to about 7 wt % of the total composition of a retarding agent; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 6 wt. % of the total composition of an alkali source selected from the group consisting of potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide and blends thereof; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % of the total composition of citric acid; from about 25 wt. % to about 91.7 wt.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 12, 1997
    Date of Patent: February 3, 1998
    Assignee: Mineral Resource Technologies, LLC
    Inventor: Robert William Styron
  • Patent number: 5714002
    Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes for making blended hydraulic cement compositions. In one embodiment, the process includes the steps of: providing from about 85 wt. % to about 99.7 wt. % of the total composition of a subbituminous fly ash; separating out about a 10% portion of the fly ash; adding from about 0.1 wt. % to about 7 wt. % of the total composition of a retarding agent, from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % of the total composition of citric acid, and from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % of the total composition of potassium carbonate to the 10% portion; and blending the remainder of the ash with the 10% portion to create a blended hydraulic cement composition.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 12, 1997
    Date of Patent: February 3, 1998
    Assignee: Mineral Resource Technologies, LLC
    Inventor: Robert William Styron
  • Patent number: 5704972
    Abstract: The present invention provides a method and mixture for use in forming strong light-weight aggregate and includes by weight about; 68% to 95% fly-ash, 2% to 10% hydrated lime, and 3% to 12% alkali hydroxide such as Sodium Hydroxide. While many types of fly-ash may be used, Type F or Type C fly-ash are preferred. The admix is mixed with water to form a slurry including water in a range of 10% to 25% by weight of the dry mixture and the slurry is then compacted. The compacted slurry is then cured such as by using a rotary kiln or by in situ open air curing. The cured slurry is then allowed to hydrolyzed to form a hard material which then may be crushed and optionally screened to form an aggregate having a particular size or range of sizes.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 23, 1997
    Date of Patent: January 6, 1998
    Assignee: Trans Ash, Inc.
    Inventor: Daniel P. Ivkovich
  • Patent number: 5681384
    Abstract: The present invention relates to concrete, mortar and other hardenable mixtures comprising cement and fly ash for use in construction. The invention provides a method for increasing the rate of strength gain of a hardenable mixture containing fly ash by exposing the fly ash to an aqueous slurry of calcium oxide (lime) prior to its incorporation into the hardenable mixture. The invention further relates to such hardenable mixtures, e.g., concrete and mortar, that contain fly ash pre-reacted with calcium oxide. In particular, the fly ash is added to a slurry of calcium oxide in water, prior to incorporating the fly ash in a hardenable mixture. The hardenable mixture may be concrete or mortar. In a specific embodiment, mortar containing fly ash treated by exposure to an aqueous lime slurry are prepared and tested for compressive strength at early time points.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 24, 1995
    Date of Patent: October 28, 1997
    Assignee: New Jersey Institute of Technology
    Inventors: John W. Liskowitz, Methi Wecharatana, Chai Jaturapitakkul, Anthony E. Cerkanowicz, deceased
  • Patent number: 5650005
    Abstract: A source of free lime is introduced into a cooling zone of a cement kiln in an amount to elevate the free lime content to a content of 0.6 to 2.0%, by weight. This addition is made without altering the normal or standard process operating parameters of the kiln for cement clinker production. The free lime content of 0.6 to 2.0%, by weight, provides advantageous characteristics in cement produced with the cement clinker.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 29, 1996
    Date of Patent: July 22, 1997
    Assignee: Lafarge Canada Inc.
    Inventor: George Chris Kistler
  • Patent number: 5626665
    Abstract: Novel cementitious systems comprised of gypsum, calcined clay, and clinker consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium silicates are disclosed which have the following properties: (1) a water demand of less than about 33% nc; (2) one-day strengths of at least about 1000 psi; and (3) low alkali functionality. By increasing the amount of calcined clay, the resulting cementitious system will sequentially gain the following properties: (1) alkali non-reactiveness; (2) alkali resistance; and (3) low chloride permeability. Novel methods of preparing the novel cementitious systems of this invention are also disclosed. The novel methods not only reduce production costs by decreasing fuel and raw material consumption, but they also allow the cement producer to proactively address significant environmental concerns related to the manufacturing process.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 4, 1994
    Date of Patent: May 6, 1997
    Assignee: Ash Grove Cement Company
    Inventors: Gregory S. Barger, Eric R. Hansen
  • Patent number: 5622556
    Abstract: An improved lightweight cementitious product made up of an aqueous cementious mixture that can incorporate fly ash, portland cement, sand, lime, and the weight saving component, which is micronized polystyrene particles having particle sizes in the range of 50 to 2000 microns, and characterized by having very low water contents, in the range of from about 0.5% to 5% v/v. The ultra low water compositions can be extruded and can be molded under high pressure.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 2, 1995
    Date of Patent: April 22, 1997
    Inventor: David M. Shulman
  • Patent number: 5583079
    Abstract: A ceramic kiln-fired product which comprises glass, fly ash, and a clay binder. Further provided is a method for preparing raw material suitable for forming a shaped, kiln-fired, ceramic product. The method comprises mixing glass, fly ash, and a clay binder with from about 10 wt. % to about 15 wt. % water, on a dry weight basis, to form an aqueous mixture, separating the aqueous mixture using a mesh of from about 10 to about 12 screen into first and second portions, the first portion comprising the aqueous mixture which does not pass through the mesh and the second portion comprising the aqueous mixture which passes through the mesh, and drying the second portion until the moisture content of the second portion is less than about 0.5 wt. % to form the raw material. The present invention also provides a tile glazing formulation which may be used with the ceramic product of the present invention, as well as a method of using the formulation. The glazing formulation comprises, on a dry weight basis, about 70 wt.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 19, 1994
    Date of Patent: December 10, 1996
    Inventors: John T. Golitz, John F. Mainieri, Bruce H. Bennett, Richard D. Moore, Angela M. Paxton
  • Patent number: 5551806
    Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a method for hydraulically backfilling empty mined salt cavities. The method comprises combining at least one pozzolanically active waste material with an effective amount of a cementing agent and brine to form a pozzolanic mixture, wherein the relative proportions of said pozzolanically active waste material, alkaline earth metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal oxide and saturated brine are sufficient for reaction under conditions in said salt cavity to form a stable, low porosity, load bearing pozzolanic cement; oxidizing said pozzolanic mixture in order to substantially remove aluminum metal from the mixture; and hydraulically depositing said pozzolanic mixture in the empty salt cavity.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 23, 1994
    Date of Patent: September 3, 1996
    Assignee: Akzo Novel N.V.
    Inventor: Larry D. Milliken
  • Patent number: 5542977
    Abstract: A slurry composition for stabilizing the upper layers of the earth comprising a lime and a fly ash having a calcium oxide content of less than 18% and water.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 10, 1995
    Date of Patent: August 6, 1996
    Inventor: Donald R. Hanst
  • Patent number: 5425807
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel composition which is useful for forming construction blocks and encapsulating hazardous materials, a process for producing blocks and encapsulating the material, and blocks made of the material. This composition is a mixture of klin dust or volcanic fly ash and aggregate. The process comprises the steps of (a) blending a dry mixture comprising the kiln dust or volcanic fly ash mixture with water; (b) transferring the blended mixture into a compression zone and (c) compressing the blended mixture in the compression zone to form a brick of the desired size.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 14, 1994
    Date of Patent: June 20, 1995
    Assignee: TIDE Company
    Inventor: Mitchell S. Riddle
  • Patent number: 5401481
    Abstract: The present disclosure relates to improved processes for treating acid gases to remove acid gas components therefrom. Processes in accordance with the present invention include preparing a calcium silicate hydrate sorbent in the form of a semi-dry, free-flowing powder, and treating the gas with the powdery sorbent, such as by injecting the sorbent into a stream of the gas. The powdery sorbents may be prepared by slurrying/drying or pressure hydration techniques. Examples disclosed herein demonstrate the utility of these processes in achieving improved acid gas-absorbing capabilities in both lab-scale and pilot plant studies. Additionally, disclosure is provided which illustrates preferred plant design configurations for employing the present processes using conventional dry sorbent injection equipment. Retrofit application to existing plants is also addressed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 15, 1993
    Date of Patent: March 28, 1995
    Assignee: Board of Regents, The University of Texas System
    Inventors: Gary T. Rochelle, Claus Jorgensen, John C. S. Chang, Theodore G. Brna, Charles B. Sedman, Wojciech Jozewicz
  • Patent number: 5362319
    Abstract: The invention provides a novel, environmentally stabilized formed product and to a method of producing a hard, dry, e.g., agglomerated or formed, environmentally stabilized product useful as a construction material, e.g., as pellets, panels, bricks, etc. comprising: a) ash such as RDF or coal ash (typically stack scrubber solids or bottom ash obtained from the burning of coal), b) an oxidizer and c) water. The amount of water present is selected to render the product plastic so that it can be molded to the desired shape. The oxidizer is provided in a sufficient amount to oxidize unstable compounds and to convert potassium, calcium or magnesium bisulfite to the sulfate form. Following the addition of the oxidizer, the admixture is exposed to electromagnetic energy, preferably ultraviolet light, to help drive the oxidation reaction to completion.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 21, 1993
    Date of Patent: November 8, 1994
    Inventor: William B. Johnson
  • Patent number: 5350549
    Abstract: Cementitious compositions useful as lightweight aggregates are formed from a blend of spent bed material from fluidized bed combustion and fly ash. The proportions of the blend are chosen so that ensuing reactions eliminate undesirable constituents. The blend is then mixed with water and formed into a shaped article. The shaped article is preferably either a pellet or a "brick" shape that is later crushed. The shaped articles are cured at ambient temperature while saturated with water. It has been found that if used sufficiently, the resulting aggregate will exhibit minimal dimensional change over time. The aggregate can be certified by also forming standardized test shapes, e.g., cylinders while forming the shaped articles and measuring the properties of the test shapes using standardized techniques including X-ray diffraction.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 15, 1993
    Date of Patent: September 27, 1994
    Assignee: Valley Forge Laboratories, Inc.
    Inventor: Michael J. Boyle
  • Patent number: 5347074
    Abstract: Fly ash generated from incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) when placed in landfills can under mild acid conditions can leach lead and cadmium. A process for stabilizing heavy metals in this fly ash is presented which involves calcining the fly ash in the presence of an oxygen containing gas stream at a temperature greater than about 400.degree. C. and less than about 600.degree. C. for times from about 170 seconds up to about 5 hours fly ash which has been subjected to calcium scrubbing for acid gas removal. Such treated MSW fly ash will give leachates containing heavy metal concentrations less than the EPA regulatory limit.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 27, 1993
    Date of Patent: September 13, 1994
    Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
    Inventors: Wolfgang A. Hochleitner, Stephen P. Goff
  • Patent number: 5340235
    Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a method for hydraulically backfilling empty mined salt cavities. The method comprises combining at least one pozzolanically active waste material with an effective amount of an alkaline earth metal in the form of an alkaline earth metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal oxide and saturated brine to form a pozzolanic mixture, wherein the relative proportions of said pozzolanically active waste material, alkaline earth metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal oxide and saturated brine are sufficient for reaction under atmospheric conditions in said salt cavity to form a stable, low porosity, load bearing pozzolanic cement; and hydraulically depositing said pozzolanic mixture in the empty salt cavity.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 31, 1992
    Date of Patent: August 23, 1994
    Assignee: Akzo Nobel, Inc.
    Inventor: Larry D. Milliken
  • Patent number: 5330572
    Abstract: According to the method fly ash is pre-hydrated using cold water and the mixture is then treated in a receptacle under pressure from superheated or saturated steam at a temperature lying between 130.degree. C. and 250.degree. C. The method is applicable to any substance containing quicklime that is to be slaked.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 7, 1992
    Date of Patent: July 19, 1994
    Assignee: Charbonnages De France (Etablissement Public)
    Inventors: Jacques Blondin, Oussama Baalbaki
  • Patent number: 5252127
    Abstract: Smoke purification waste materials (SPW), rich in lime, are mixed with a product containing at least 60% silica and/or aluminum to bring the pH to a value of between 7 and 11.5 and with a quantity of water of between 15% and 160% of the weight of the waste materials and said product. In practice, the ratio of SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 over CaO must be at least equal to 0.8. Solid compounds are obtained that are virtually insoluble in water and that are non-pollutant.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 29, 1991
    Date of Patent: October 12, 1993
    Inventor: Philippe Pichat
  • Patent number: 5223035
    Abstract: An unground, fine pozzolan having a sulphur content determined as wt. % SO.sub.3 of 5 to 25 wt. % is employed in admixture with Portland cement to provide a blended hydraulic cement which has increased compressive strength characteristics as well as extended retardation time without the need for separate addition of gypsum; the pozzolan may also be admixed with fly ash to provide a pozzolan blend for use with Portland cement with reduced Portland cement content and use of Class C fly ash; the pozzolan is derived by reaction of coal flue gases with an atomized vapor of slaked lime.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 9, 1991
    Date of Patent: June 29, 1993
    Assignee: Lafarage Canada Inc.
    Inventors: Donald S. Hopkins, David B. Oates, Rayburn R. Anderson, Paul H. Lehoux
  • Patent number: 5220111
    Abstract: Fly ash generated from incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) when placed in landfills under mild acid conditions can leach lead and cadmium. A process for stabilizing heavy metals in this fly ash is presented which involves calcining in the presence of an oxygen containing gas stream at a temperature greater than about 375.degree. C. and substantially less than about 800.degree. C. for times from about 170 seconds up to about 5 hours fly ash which has been subjected to lime scrubbing for acid gas removal. Such treated MSW fly ash will give leachates containing heavy metal concentrations less than the EPA regulatory limit.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 10, 1991
    Date of Patent: June 15, 1993
    Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
    Inventors: Donald P. Bucci, Francis A. Altemose, II, Nancy C. Easterbrook, Edwin N. Givens, Joseph Klosek, Kenneth D. Tracy, Kai P. Wong
  • Patent number: 5220112
    Abstract: Fly ash generated from incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) when placed in landfills can under mild acid conditions leach lead and cadmium. A process for stabilizing lead in this fly ash is presented which involves calcining a mixture of the fly ash and certain calcium-containing compounds in the presence of an oxygen containing gas stream at a temperature greater than about 475.degree. C. and substantially less than about 800.degree. C. for times from about 30 minutes up to about 5 hours. Such treated MSW fly ash will give leachates containing lead concentrations less than the EPA regulatory limit.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 10, 1991
    Date of Patent: June 15, 1993
    Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
    Inventors: Donald P. Bucci, Francis A. Altemose, II, Nancy C. Easterbrook, Edwin N. Givens, Joseph Klosek, Kenneth D. Tracy, Kai P. Wong
  • Patent number: 5211750
    Abstract: An abrasion resistant synthetic aggregate made from an intimately intermixed combination of lime, fly ash and sulfate/sulfite sludge (e.g. FGD sludge), mixed to the point where the mixture is nearly optimum density and compressible or non-compressible and plastic. This mixture is placed in a landfill. After a relatively brief cure period, the landfill is ripped and the material is crushed and graded. The aggregate, which in some instances may qualify as a light weight aggregate, has a Los Angeles Abrasion Resistance of less than 60%, and may in some cases be less than 50% (medium particles passing) according to that test.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 19, 1991
    Date of Patent: May 18, 1993
    Assignee: Conversion Systems, Inc.
    Inventors: Charles L. Smith, John J. Juzwiak
  • Patent number: 5150985
    Abstract: A method of disposing of salt-containing dusts from incinerator plants by mixing salt-containing dusts, having approximately 1% or less of lime with cement and water. The amount of cement in the mixture is between 3% and 25% of the total mixture. The amount of hydrothermally reactive powdered components is not less than 8% of the total mixture. The mixture is compacted into discrete compacts, and hardened in an autoclave by saturated steam with a pressure of at least 1 bar to form stable compacts.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 17, 1990
    Date of Patent: September 29, 1992
    Assignee: Sante Corporation
    Inventors: Werner Roesky, Dieter Deffner, Manfred Wolter
  • Patent number: 5116417
    Abstract: A binder composition is shown for agglomerating ore fines in a heap leaching ore recovery process. The binder composition comprises a calcareous component, a sulfate component and a siliceous-aluminous component such as fly ash. The ore fines are agglomerated by adding the binder composition thereto and a leach bed is formed of the agglomerated ore. The leach bed is leached with a leaching agent to form a leach liquor the metal values are recovered from the leach liquor.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 21, 1990
    Date of Patent: May 26, 1992
    Assignee: Chemical Lime Company
    Inventors: Daniel D. Walker, Jr., Joseph Oliphant
  • Patent number: 5100473
    Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for producing a material usable as a suitable civil engineering and construction material by treating a combustion ash formed by the combustion of a fluidized bed comprising a coal as the fuel and limestone as a desulfurizing agent. In this process, quick lime contained therein is sufficiently slaked at first by addition of water and heat thus generated is released to prevent disintegration of the product, and then the product is subjected to atmospheric pressure steam treatment to obtain a product of high strength in a short time.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 24, 1988
    Date of Patent: March 31, 1992
    Assignee: Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Susumu Mitsuda, Yasunori Shibata, June Tatebayashi
  • Patent number: 4941772
    Abstract: For the disposal of salt-containing dusts of incinerator plants, with addition of water the salt-containing dusts are intensively mixed with other waste materials, such as ashes and fly ashes from thermal power plants fired with hard coal or brown coal, waste materials from foundries containing quartz sands and waste materials from calcium carbide production, the mixture containing at least 8% hydrothermally reactive calcium oxide or equivalent amounts of other hydrothermally reactive calcium compounds and the water addition being so rated that an optimum compacting is possible and the mixture is thereafter processed by compacting to give stable firm compacts and the compacts subsequently hardened in an autoclave by saturated steam at a pressure of at least 1 bar.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 18, 1989
    Date of Patent: July 17, 1990
    Assignee: Sante Corporation
    Inventors: Werner Roesky, Dieter Deffner, Manfred Wolter