Abstract: Methods and compositions for cementing subterranean zones penetrated by well bores are provided. The methods are basically comprised of the steps of providing a cement composition which comprises a hydraulic cement, sufficient water to form a slurry and a dispersing agent comprising a tetrapolymer formed of methacrylic acid, methacrylate, methallyl sulfonic acid and ethoxylated acrylic acid. The cement composition is placed in the subterranean zone to be cemented and allowed to set into an impermeable solid mass therein.

Abstract: A synthetic slag is produced by melting the mineral content of an organic carbon-containing mineral, for example, oil shale or tar sands, with a source of lime such as cement kiln dust. The organic carbon, especially hydrocarbon, content of the mineral is oxidized by oxygen gas, which typically is derived from air or an air/oxygen combination, in an exothermic reaction and the heat generated provides the thermal energy for the reaction between the mineral content and the source of lime. In this way the gaseous products will typically comprise nitrogen, unreacted oxygen, water vapor and carbon dioxide, and heat energy can be readily recovered from the hot off gas products evolving during the combustion reaction. The synthetic slag may be pelletized and employed as lightweight mineral aggregate or milled, or atomized and then milled, to cement fineness to provide slag cement.

Abstract: A slag cement having an improved early strength and containing aluminosilicates, blast furnace slag, clinker and CaSO4, has a content of 70 to 95% by weight of blast furnace slag used in the ground form at >4,500 Blaine (cm2/g) with no more than half of this portion being substitutable by aluminosilicates such as fly ash, alumina, marl or the like, 0.1 to 2% by weight of clinker, sulfate in amounts of below 5% by weight, calculated as SO3, and 0.3 to 1% by weight of a superliquifier such as, e.g., naphthalene sulfonate.

Abstract: A synthetic slag is produced by a high temperature combustion reaction between coal ash having a high carbon content, and a source of lime such as cement kiln dust. The carbon content of the coal ash is oxidized by oxygen gas, which typically is derived from air or an air/oxygen combination in an exothermic reaction and the heat generated is exploited in the melting process. In this way the gaseous products will typically comprise nitrogen, unreacted oxygen and carbon dioxide, and heat energy can be readily recovered from the hot off gas products evolving during the combustion reaction. The synthetic slag may be pelletized and employed as lightweight mineral aggregate or milled to cement fineness to provide slag cement.

Abstract: An admixture comprising a nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether having an average particle size of 120-500 &mgr;m is suited for hydraulic compositions. The admixture does not form clumps even in the presence of a large amount of water. The hydraulic composition having a proper amount of the admixture added is effectively extrudable.

Abstract: Methods of cementing in subterranean zones, improved cement compositions and improved additives are provided. The compositions are basically comprised of a hydraulic cement, sufficient water to form a slurry and an additive for providing improved rheology, fluid loss control and set retardation comprised of carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose having in the range of from about 0.62 to about 2.21 moles of hydroxyethyl substitution and in the range of from about 0.44 to about 0.52 degrees of carboxymethyl substitution and a 2% by weight aqueous solution of the carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose has a Höppler viscosity in the range of from about 55 mPa.s to about 359 mPa.s.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, lightweight well cement compositions and additives for the well cement compositions. The methods of the invention for sealing pipe in a well bore penetrating a zone or formation which readily fractures at low hydrostatic pressure is basically comprised of the steps of providing a lightweight cement composition comprised of a hydraulic cement, water and an additive comprising an aqueous suspension of microspheres containing a water swellable clay suspending agent, placing the cement composition in the annulus between the pipe and the well bore and allowing the cement composition to set.

Abstract: An admixture for minimizing or preventing dust on surfaces of cured cement and concrete structures comprises a shrinkage reducing additive in combination with a fatty alcohol. Cementitious compositions containing the admixture, and methods for reducing dusting on cement structures, is also described.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for cementing subterranean zones penetrated by well bores are provided. The methods are basically comprised of the steps of providing a cement composition which comprises a hydraulic cement, sufficient water to form a slurry and a dispersing agent comprising a tetrapolymer formed of methacrylic acid, methacrylate, methallyl sulfonic acid and ethoxylated acrylic acid. The cement composition is placed in the subterranean zone to be cemented and allowed to set into an impermeable solid mass therein.

Abstract: The present invention provides stable well cementing methods and compositions for sealing subterranean zones penetrated by well bores. The improved thermally stable and degradation resistant well cement compositions are basically comprised of a hydraulic cement, sufficient water to form a pumpable slurry, an aqueous hydrogenated styrene-butadiene rubber latex and a latex stabilizer present in an amount sufficient to stabilize the hydrogenated styrene-butadiene latex.

Abstract: An aqueous fire resistance treatment composition consisting of water, sodium silicate, a calcined filler and a latent acid catalyst is disclosed. The composition may be applied to cardboard substrates such as corrugated cardboard. The composition is then cured to provide enhanced fire resistance.

Abstract: A method for promoting cement or concrete set on demand for concrete that has been chemically retarded by adding carbon fiber to the concrete, which enables it to become electrically conductive, sodium tartrate retardant, and copper sulfate which forms a copper tartrate complex in alkaline concrete mixes. Using electricity, the concrete mix anodically converts the retarding tartrate to an insoluble polyester polymer. The carbon fibers act as a continuous anode surface with a counter electrode wire embedded in the mix. Upon energizing, the retarding effect of tartrate is defeated by formation of the polyester polymer through condensation esterification thereby allowing the normal set to proceed unimpeded.

Abstract: Storable compositions and slurries for cementing oil and gas wells are described which comprise blast-furnace slag besides other additives which are usual in the cementing technique. The compositions and slurries are insufficiently activated (or are activated immediately before introducing them into the well), so that they can be stored for at least 72 hours (alternatively they may be stored indefinitely) without the setting of the composition and dispense with the addition of activation inhibitors. The use of the compositions and slurries in the cementing of oil and gas wells is also described.

Abstract: Exemplary compositions comprise at least one aldopentonic acid, such as xylonic acid; and further comprise a lignin, a lignosulfonic acid or its salt, an additional sugar acid such as a aldohexonic acid or salt, a conventional admixture (such as a polyacrylate superplasticizer, a corrosion inhibitor, a set retard, a set accelerator, etc.), or a mixture thereof. Exemplary methods for obtaining microbiologically or enzymatically converted sugar acids are also described herein.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for sealing subterranean zones penetrated by well bores are provided. The methods basically comprise the steps of introducing a sealing composition into the subterranean zone comprised of a hydraulic cement, sufficient water to form a slurry and a rapidly acting thixotropy providing gelling agent, and allowing the sealing composition to remain at rest in the zone whereby the sealing composition rapidly gels and then sets into a hard impermeable mass therein.

Abstract: Storable compositions and slurries for cementing oil and gas wells are described which comprise blast-furnace slag besides other additives which are usual in the cementing technique. The compositions and slurries are insufficiently activated (or are activated immediately before introducing them into the well), so that they can be stored for at least 72 hours (alternatively they may be stored indefinitely) without the setting of the composition and dispense with the addition of activation inhibitors. The use of the compositions and slurries in the cementing of oil and gas wells is also described.

Abstract: Lightweight cement compositions and methods of cementing a subterranean zone penetrated by a well bore utilizing the compositions are provided. A lightweight cement composition of the invention is basically comprised of a coarse particulate hydraulic cement, an ultrafine particulate hydraulic cement mixture comprised of slag cement and a Portland or equivalent cement, fly ash, fumed silica, hollow glass spheres and water.

Abstract: Oil-based settable spotting fluid compositions for cementing in wells and subterranean formations are provided. The oil-based settable spotting fluid compositions basically comprise an oil external emulsion comprising oil, water and an emulsifying surfactant, a hydraulically settable component and a de-emulsifying surfactant for de-emulsifying the oil-external emulsion when the emulsion is cured.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for sealing subterranean zones penetrated by well bores are provided. The methods basically comprise the steps of introducing a sealing composition into the subterranean zone comprised of a hydraulic cement, sufficient water to form a slurry and a rapidly acting thixotropy providing gelling agent, and allowing the sealing composition to remain at rest in the zone whereby the sealing composition rapidly gels and then sets into a hard impermeable mass therein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a delayed-setting concrete based on blast furnace slag. The invention further relates to a method of initiating the setting of said concrete.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of limiting the release of organic materials into the environment during the making of foundations, according to which a concrete is used which is based on blast furnace slag ground to a fineness of between about 2,500 and 5,000 Blaine. The invention also relates to a concrete which can be used in said method.

Abstract: A binder for mine tailings and aggregate used as a backfill for an underground void comprises ferrous slag, and cement kiln dust, optionally with lime kiln dust; the binder displays strength characteristics better than or comparable to those achieved with conventional binders based on Portland cement and slag.

Abstract: A cement composition comprising (A) hydraulic cement, (B) a silicone oil emulsion containing crosslinked silicone particles with an average particle size of from 0.05 &mgr;m to 100 &mgr;m in drops of silicone oil with an average size of 0.1 &mgr;m to 500 &mgr;m dispersed in water, the particle size of the crosslinked silicone particles being smaller than the size of the silicone oil drops, in an amount such that the total weight of the silicone oil and crosslinked silicone particles in component (B) ranges from 0.1 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of component (A), and optionally (C) aggregate.

Abstract: A roadway base comprises oily sludge, steelmaking slag fines, and an additive selected from the group consisting of cement, fly ash, asphaltic emulsion, and mixtures thereof

Abstract: A new category of multi-purpose polymers is presented, the polymers being capable to serve as a cement dispersing agent and which at the same time are set-accelerating and do have shrinkage reducing- and anticorrosive properties to steel. The polymers are ester and amide group-modified acrylic polymers, obtainable by a polymer analogous esterification of a polyacrylic acid with 1) a monofunctional polyalkyleneglycol-monoalkylether, 2) a tertiary alkanolamine and optionally 3) by amidation with a amino-polyalkylenglycol alkylether. The multi-purpose polymers serve for cement dispersing admixture for concrete with set accelerating, shrinkage compensating and anticorrosive properties to steel.

Abstract: A chemical agent for improving the engineering properties of soil includes a mixture of cementitious pozzalans (5 to 60% by mass), calcium sulphate (20 to 80% by mass), an oxide of calcium (15 to 50% by mass) and silica oxide (1 to 30% by weight). Monofilament fibers can also be included in the mix.

Abstract: A cementitious mixture comprises a hydraulic cement; greater than about 10% by weight of a pozzolanic cement replacement selected from fly ash, slag, natural pozzolans, and mixtures thereof, based on the weight of said hydraulic cement and cement replacement; and a compatabilizing admixture, wherein the compatabilizing admixture comprises a compatabilizing derivatized polycarboxylate polymer dispersant capable of acting as a water reducer, in combination with an accelerator. The derivatized polycarboxylate dispersant, alone or in combination with other derivatized polycarboxylate dispersants, is a polymer comprising units derived from at least one of a substituted carboxylic acid monomer and a substituted ethylenically unsaturated monomer, at least one of an N-polyoxyalkylene maleimide and a condensation product of an unsubstituted carboxylic acid monomer and an alkoxypolyoxyalkylene primary amine substituted carboxylic acid monomer, and optionally including an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved well sealing compositions and methods. The compositions are basically comprised of slag cement, water, a slag cement set activator, a hardenable epoxide containing material and an epoxide containing material hardening agent.

Abstract: Cement compositions and methods of cementing within subterranean formations penetrated by well bores wherein the flow properties of one or more dry particulate cementitious materials are improved and wherein the materials can be readily conveyed out of storage tanks and the like. A preferred composition of the present invention comprises a particulate flow enhancing additive dry-blended with one or more dry particulate cementitious materials, said flow enhancing additive being comprised of a particulate solid material carrying a flow inducing polar chemical, and a sufficient amount of water to form a pumpable slurry.

Abstract: The present invention describes fluorochemical foam stabilizers used in combination with surfactants to yield foams that are exceptionally stable in cementitious media. The stabilized foams that incorporate these fluorochemical agents are useful as novel ultra-lightweight foam aggregates in concrete compositions of tailorable density, strength, and other properties. Methods of making concrete compositions that include such foam aggregates are also described.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a microbial polysaccharide having the features characteristic of S-657 has been found to be effective to improve the rheological properties of a variety of cementitious systems. Thus, the addition of a small, but effective amount of S-657 to such cementitious systems as portland cement, self-leveling grouts, fresh or saltwater oil well cement slurries, microfine cements, and the like, gives rise to substantial improvements in such properties as bleed, flow resistance, fluid loss control, and the like. S-657 addition provides enhanced rheological control in a variety of cementitious systems. In addition, S-657 provides a number of advantages relative to prior art systems, including improved free water and sedimentation control, as well as reduced fines loss during underwater placement.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cement or cementitious composition with synthetic or natural fibers and/or microfibers with caliber or gauge smaller than 0.0508 mm (2 mils), in a proportion from 0.2 to 1.5% of total weight of composition when dry. Aggregates and additives that achieve thixotropy, plasticity, which preserve its dimensional structure and integral mechanical bonds may also be included. These above ingredients are included to create a composition suitable for modeling (i.e., a petrified material, cement, mortar, or concrete with extraordinary and novel characteristics). This composition is also useful for constructing, machining, restoring or creating forms with or without structures. Furthermore, the composition solidifies without contractions, fissures or cracks.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved well sealing compositions and methods. The compositions are basically comprised of slag cement, water, a slag cement set activator, a hardenable epoxide containing material and an epoxide containing material hardening agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved foamed well cement slurries, additives and methods. The additives, which foam and stabilize a cement slurry containing fresh water or salt water, are basically comprised of a mixture of an ethoxylated alcohol ether sulfate surfactant, an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl betaine surfactant and an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl dimethyl amine oxide surfactant.

Abstract: The cement composition of this invention includes 10 to 35% by weight of portland cement, 65 to 90% by weight of a synthetic pozzolan, and an activator for reducing the positive surface potential of the synthetic pozzolan. The synthetic pozzolan is obtained by an at least partial reduction from combustion residues having a SiO.sub.2 /CaO ratio of greater than 1:1 and containing Na.sub.2 O and K.sub.2 O as alkali oxides in an amount exceeding 1.5% by weight. The activator includes anionically active or anionic tensides.

Abstract: A cementitious mixture comprises a hydraulic cement; greater than about 10% by weight of a pozzolanic cement replacement selected from fly ash, slag, natural pozzolans, and mixtures thereof, based on the weight of said hydraulic cement and cement replacement; and a compatabilizing admixture, wherein the compatabilizing admixture comprises a compatabilizing polycarboxylate polymer dispersant capable of acting as a water reducer, in combination with an accelerator.

Abstract: A cement composition comprising fine aggregate, preferably sand, in an amount of about 10 to about 25 wt %; blast furnace slag cement, in an amount of about 20 to about 35 wt %; gypsum, in an amount of about 20 to about 35 wt %; Portland cement, in an amount of about 4 to about 30 wt %; and cement plasticizer in an amount of about 0.3 to about 3 wt %. The dry cement composition may be formulated with aggregate and water to prepare a flowable liquid, self-leveling and self-smoothing coating material that may be applied to a substrate such as a floor substrate. The applied coating requires no manual finishing or smoothing, yet hardens to form a level, very smooth coating that possesses excellent compressive strength.

Abstract: The invention concerns a MDF cement material showing better impact strength meant as an increase in the breaking total energy, by fibers addition.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a hardening composition characterized by comprising (A) a slag composition containing 0 to 37 wt. % of CaO, 23 to 90 wt. % of SiO.sub.2, and 0 to 40 wt. % of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 0.1 to 50 wt. % of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of iron oxide, alkali components, phosphorous components, titanium dioxide, manganese oxide, and magnesium oxide, and/or 0.1 to 10 wt. % of a halogen; and (B) an alkaline activator. The invention is also directed to a hardened product obtained by mixing the hardening composition with water. The properties of the hardened product are suitable for use as various concrete materials, and therefore, refuse-incinerated ashes sewage sludge, etc. are effectively utilized and recycled as a resource.

Abstract: There are provided a solidifying material used for radioactive waste which comprises a latent hydraulic material, an ultra-fine powder substance and a dispersing agent, and a process for the solidification of radioactive wastes which comprises kneading the above solidifying material with a cure stimulating agent, radioactive waste and, as occasion demands, water, and then curing the mixture by aging. Since the solidifying material of the present invention has excellent properties such as large treating capacity, excellent water resistance and large compressive strength, not only temporary storage but also permanent storage of radioactive wastes can be made.

Abstract: The present invention provides lightweight, fast setting cement compositions and methods which can be utilized in performing a variety of well cementing operations. The cement compositions are basically comprised of slag cement, water sufficient to form a pumpable slurry, a gas sufficient to foam the slurry and a foaming agent.

Abstract: An inorganic hardening composition contains 100 parts by weight of an alkaline earth metal oxide, and 5 to 80 parts by weight of an organic carbonic acid compound.

Abstract: Cement comprising hydraulic cement and polymer precursor such as alcohol-soluble phenol resin precursor that is substantially anhydrous and generates water by polymerization.

Abstract: Novel water-soluble linear copolymers of vinylacetate with monomeric addition products of amines, amino acids, amino groups containing aromatic sulfonic acids, amino alcohols of maleic anthydride. The copolymers are useful as fluidizers in water containing solid matter suspensions.

Abstract: Cement comprising hydraulic cement and polymer precursor such as alcohol-soluble phenol resin precursor that is substantially anhydrous and generates water by polymerization.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a cementious composition of a strong, light, foamed silicate binder or concrete made from ground, calcium-rich glassy silicates that are the major component of blast-furnace slag. The other materials used to create the material are sodium peroxide and water. The cementious mixture can include a volume modification foaming agent that substitutes a part of the mixture. These agents include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides lightweight, fast setting cement compositions and methods which can be utilized in performing a variety of well cementing operations. The cement compositions are basically comprised of slag cement, water sufficient to form a pumpable slurry, a gas sufficient to foam the slurry and a foaming agent.

Abstract: A cementitious slurry is prepared from drilling fluid, blast furnace slag and an emulsion comprising an oil external phase and an aqueous internal phase having therein a additive for said cementitious slurry. In a preferred embodiment the additive is an accelerator for the blast furnace slag such as sodium hydroxide. This allows mixing the additive with the drilling fluid and blast furnace slag without immediate contact between the additive and the other ingredients. After the cementitious slurry has been mixed and pumped into position in a wellbore, the emulsion breaks and the additives are released.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved cementitious compositions which can include drilling fluid as a component thereof and methods of cementing wells utilizing such compositions. The compositions are basically comprised of a cementitious material, water, a hardenable resinous material and optionally, drilling fluid in an amount up to about 70% by volume of the cementitious material in the composition.

Abstract: A system and method for dispersing pigment in cement based compositions comprising a predetermined and prepackaged amount of a cement based component and a predetermined and prepackaged amount of an aqueous dispersion of a pigment containing component.