Abstract: A structure for impounding liquid is disclosed below the combustion chamber of a steam generator. The structure divides the impounded liquid in two sections, or pools. The first section, or pool, receives the hot residue gravitated from the combustion chamber and absorbs the thermal and mechanical shock of the residue. The second section, or pool, is connected to the first pool through a gate valve and contains a continuous conveyor which transports the cooled residue, received from the first pool, to a point of ultimate disposal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the burning of a solid fuel furnace is disclosed. In a furnace having a burning chamber, a fuel supply mechanism in the form of a rotating grate, a fuel discharge mechanism in the form of a rotating grate located adjacent the rotating grate of the fuel supply mechanism and at least one air blower, the present invention supplies a control mechanism for controlling the operation of the fuel supply and discharge mechanism as well as the blowers in such a manner that fuel is supplied and discharged in an optimum manner. The control mechanism senses the temperature of the combustion gases and the temperature of the load being heated by the furnace. If the temperature of the load is below a predetermined level and a first time period T.sub.1 has not passed since a preceding fuel supply and discharge, the fans are activated but a fuel supply and discharge cycle is not. If the time of the sensing of the low load temperature is below the time T.sub.

Abstract: Structure for slag removal from a gasification generator. It employs a duct through the bottom that carries through it products of the combustion which is being carried out in the generator. The dimensions are such that the slag which adheres to the walls remains liquid and drips from the bottom edges. The duct is enlarged by at least one step with the length and width of it related to the upper portion of the duct so that the bottom edges of the step are above a diagonal of the upper portion extended.

Abstract: The constriction plate in a fluidized bed incinerator is pivotally mounted for swinging movement down into the windbox. Thereby, the fluidized bed can be rapidly emptied into the windbox, whereby heat sensitive members in the incinerator will not be damaged by the hot refractory particles in the bed.

Abstract: A deasher arrangement in which a water-filled trough is arranged beneath the ash hopper of a boiler. The trough is laterally movable, and accommodates a conveying device. A lifting device is provided with a lift corresponding at least to the boiler expansion. The trough is associated, furthermore, with a dipping element connected to the ash hopper and permanently extending into the water fill of the trough during operation of the boiler. The trough consists of two sections separated by a partition wall, and accommodates one conveying equipment each. The partition wall has a height which is lower than the side walls of the trough. The top of the partition wall is situated above the bottom of the dipping element when the boiler is in operation and the trough is raised. An additional partition wall may be provided with a collecting tray therebetween.

Abstract: A furnace includes a downdraft combustion chamber, a burner mounted at the top of a combustion chamber for burning particulate ash-containing fuel, and a generally horizontal duct near the lower end of the combustion chamber for withdrawing hot gases rsulting from the combustion. The combustion chamber is downwardly tapered to a relatively small conduit, downward into which molten slag from the ash flows. The slag, upon passing through the conduit, passes into and through a downwardly open slag-receiving chamber below the combustion chamber. The slag falls through out the bottom of the slag-receiving chamber into a volume of water immediately below. A portion of the hot gases is diverted through the slag-receiving chamber in order to maintain the slag-receiving chamber at a sufficiently high temperature so that the slag passing therethrough is prevented from solidifying. The portion of hot gas is then directed to a mill for drying fuel therein prior to combustion.

Abstract: Apparatus for handling ash and slag produced in the combustion of coal or other ash-bearing fuel in the furnace (10) of a steam generator, including a submerged scraper conveyor (14) beneath the furnace (10), and a water seal (22) including a trough (26) between the two for preventing the atmosphere from being exposed to the furnace interior. A hydraulic actuator (40,42) is prodived for allowing submerged scraper conveyor (14) to be quickly removed from beneath the furnace (10) when the unit is shut down for maintenance purposes.

Abstract: PCT No. PCT/DE78/00042 Sec. 371 Date Sept. 10, 1979 Sec. 102(e) Date Sept. 10, 1979 PCT Filed Dec. 22, 1978 PCT Pub. No. WO79/00492 PCT Pub. Date July 26, 1979To fire a tunnel kiln with coal, the coal is stored in a preferably airtight bunker, and transported, by means of airtightly enclosed conveyor belts or chains connected to the bunker, to coal injectors operating as burners, which are provided in and distributed over the width of the firing zone of the kiln and connected to an air supply line, wherefrom compressed air is fed intermittently into the injectors, to blow in the coal which is there placed in a metered amount.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus of regenerating fluidizing medium employed in a fluidized-bed incinerator, wherein the sticking matter attached to the fluidizing medium employed in the incinerator in the process of burning up in the incinerator the ash collected from power plant boiler exhaust gases (EP ash) is removed from the fluidizing medium chemically and physically.

Abstract: The invention provides a fluidized bed combuster for fuel or waste material, preferably having a fluidized bed which is arranged to circulate about a horizontal axis, in which one or more baffles are provided to define respective quiet zones adjacent the fluidized bed; material flowing in operation of the bed over the top of the baffle from the fluidized bed to the quiet zone and under the baffle from the quiet zone to the fluidized bed; and means is provided for feeding material to be burnt into the quiet zones to be carried therefrom beneath the baffles into the fluidized bed for combustion therein.

Abstract: A system for the combustion of waste products for the extraction of heat energy in a clean pollutant-free medium. The system includes a swirling air-cyclonic type incinerator having means for controllably consuming fuel in the form of waste products of various grades and heating values. Incinerator outlet means are provided for transmitting gaseous combustion products to a heat exchanger, a filtering device, and ultimately to a point of beneficial utilization. Through a plurality of ducts, control valves, and pumping means, a selectably variable volume of oxygen necessary to support combustion is taken from the ambient. The remaining gas flow to the incinerator for such purposes as creation of a swirling flow and cooling is pumped from the outlet side of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A boiler wherein the combustion unit includes a fluidized bed which may be fluidized in a non-uniform manner to effect circulation of bed material by means of dual air distributors located within the bed.

Abstract: Apparatus for the cooling of cement clinker or the like being discharged from a rotary kiln, the apparatus including at least two cooling means arranged to receive the discharge from the rotary kiln and adjustably positionable distributor means arranged to proportion the discharge of the rotary kiln selectively between the two or more cooling means.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for conduct of fluidized bed reactions having an improved grate wherein at least one substantially continuous open slot sufficiently wide for passage of heavy solid particles is provided for preferential removal of heavy particles from the fluidizing chamber. The apparatus and process is particularly useful in coal gasification applications.

Abstract: An immersion plate fastened to the ash funnel of a steam generator combustion chamber and protruding into the water surface of a trough of a wet-ash remover filled with quenching water and located underneath the ash funnel. Carriers pass transversely through the immersion piece and are suspended by screws from the tubing of the funnel; a seal which is deformable in the direction of action of the screws is located between the immersion piece and the ash funnel. The cooled carriers may consist of two U-profiles welded together and the carrier ends outside the immersion pieces may be open. A U-shaped profile with the opening upwards is mounted on part of the carrier lying within the immersion piece. The sidewalls of the immersion piece may consist of several plate sections and each plate section has, at one edge, a slot for the edge of the adjacent plate, with play in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A slag removal system for wet bottom boilers is provided wherein tandem tap holes are provided. The first hole comprises a vertical hole to be selectively closed by damming and the second hole comprises a horizontal hole and is dammed or sealed with sand in order to seal against the passage of boiler gases through the tap holes. In addition, multi-compartment slag tanks are provided and each slag tank may be selectively placed into and taken out of service, as desired. Further, an alternate type of slag tank is disclosed wherein a suitable cooled bed of slag particles is provided on a turntable and the tapped molten slag is deposited onto a peripheral portion of the turntable as the latter is rotated and a breaker is provided for breaking up the resultant ribbon of solidified slag at predetermined intervals.

Abstract: The invention provides in a fluidized bed combustion apparatus including a housing and means for supporting and fluidizing a bed of granular material in the housing for the combustion of waste or other fuel material, an ash removal means comprising: an ash trough, arranged along an edge of the means for supporting the bed, for the collection of ash from the bed, comprising at least a bottom wall, and an aperture in the bottom wall for the exit of ash from the trough, valve means arranged in the aperture for the selective control of the flow of ash through the aperture from the trough, and pneumatic conveyor means arranged to convey ash and any bed material accompanying it from the aperture for disposal.

Abstract: A furnace for the combustion of solid fuel is disclosed comprising two juxtaposed grate portions and a passageway for conducting combustion gases from the area above one grate portion to the fuel contained on the other grate portion. One grate portion is steeply inclined, and the other is spaced therefrom and has a facing first, mainly upright part and a second, mainly horizontal part extending backwards below the first grate portion to receive fuel residues therefrom. The combustion gases are conducted from the second, mainly horizontal part of the second grate portion to the upper part of the first grate portion.

Abstract: A method of operating a furnace for incinerating refuse, notably household refuse, commercial and industrial waste or rubbish, wherein the furnace is of the type comprising a charging zone, a drying zone, a pyrolysis zone, and a combustion and melting zone with at least one orifice for extracting volatile products from the drying zone, at least one orifice for extracting the melted material in the combustion and melting zone, and one or more tuyeres for injecting the combustion gases under pressure into the combustion and melting zone, by which the combustion gases under pressure are injected into a volume of liquid or molten slag at the level of the combustion and melting zone so that the energy liberated by the injection of the gases under pressure is diminished and controlled.

Abstract: A device for automatically detaching and/or loosening coke within a coke oven chamber, particularly such a chamber of the type having an inclined or obliquely extending floor, includes a track support adapted to be mounted at a position confronting the coke removal opening of the coke oven chamber. An elongated poking bar is supported by the track support and has at a first end thereof a stoking or broaching head for abutting or scraping coke within the chamber. A trolley is mounted on the track support for movement therealong, and the poking bar is pivoted to the trolley. A reversibly operable cable drive moves the trolley and thus the poking bar along the track support from an initial position whereat the poking bar is positioned outside of the chamber to an operative position wherein the broaching head of the poking bar is inserted into the chamber to abut against coke therein.

Abstract: A slagging gasifier incorporating a main burner ignition system which is mounted remote from the main burner thus avoiding damage to the system from over heating and slag dribble. The system comprises a stainless steel tube and a surface ignition ignitor and, in use, neat gas under high pressure is fed into the tube for ignition within the slagging gasifier.

Abstract: Ash removal equipment associated with pulverized coal furnaces for large-capacity steam generators having a chain conveyor disposed beneath the combustion chamber of the furnace immersed in water and having a protective hood preventing entry of outside air to the combustion chamber with hinged flaps by which the ash outlet of the combustion chamber can be closed off. With the coal furnace out of operation, the ash removal equipment can be elevated so that the hinged flaps are immersed in the water and can be lowered or raised during operation of the coal furnace relative to the position of the ash outlet.

Abstract: Continuously flowing solid material, such as municipal waste, is pretreated in an air-starved hot moving grate carbonizer furnace to drive off low temperature volatiles, and then further devolatized in a shaft furnace wherein limited amounts of air are let into a downwardly moving stack of the precarbonized material at a plurality of locations spaced sufficiently apart as to preclude formation of hot spots, i.e., localized regions of intense reaction, such as would cause clinkers to be formed. Low Btu gas is exhausted from the pretreatment carbonizer and shaft furnace and sterile ash residue is discharged from the bottom of the shaft furnace.

Abstract: In a slagging gasifier the slag quenching chamber is provided with means having a plurality of equispaced outlet ports disposed around the inside of the upper region of the chamber, each outlet port communicating with a venting control which may be used selectively to vent the normally pressurized quenching chamber to atmosphere during a slag-tapping operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for agitating and removing ash and non-combustible materials from an incinerator. Waste material is thermally decomposed in a primary combustion chamber of the incinerator resulting in the generation of combustible waste gases which are fully combusted in a secondary zone. A hydraulically operated ram is mounted for reciprocating movement in the lower portion of the combustion chamber and a discharge door is located opposite the position of the ram. By partially extending the ram, the ram will enter the combustion chamber and agitate the waste without permitting the entry of air into the chamber. By fully extending the ram and opening the discharge door, the ash and non-combustible materials will be discharged from the combustion chamber for collection.

Abstract: Material handling apparatus for moving particulate material from at least two delivery points into a single pipeline and along the pipeline to a destination, the apparatus including at least two material inlets to the pipeline, each inlet provided with a closure member capable of sealing that inlet, and means for supplying compressed air for moving material along the pipeline.

Abstract: A process of producing gas from gas producing material, such as coal, within a gasifier by continuously heating the material under pressure to produce gas and ash particles, and continuously discharging the ash particles from the gasifier, the continuous discharging comprising the steps of confining a liquid, such as water or the like, within a first path including a volume having a free surface in communication with the gas pressure at the ash particle discharge end of the gasifier, substantially continuously discharging the ash particles into the aforesaid volume of water through the free surface thereof, maintaining a continuous flow of water along a second path at an energy level reduced with respect to the energy level of the water in the first path and continuously removing successive incremental volumes of ash particles entrained in water from communication with the first path and communicating the successive incremental volumes of water and entrained ash particles with the water flowing in the second

Abstract: An improved apparatus for cooling hot pellets discharged from a kiln or the like with water is presented wherein the pellets are charged through a chute into a water cooling bath while avoiding oxidation thereof. The cooling bath is covered with a hood and the pressure difference between the chute and hood is controlled during the process.

Abstract: The fusion point of coal ash in a boiler is reduced by introducing a boron-containing compound into a boiler containing coal ash and mixing the compound and the coal ash. Preferably the compound is introduced into the furnace box of the boiler as an intimate mixture of pulverized or crushed coal and the compound, the coal being intimately mixed with the compound prior to introduction of the mixture into the furnace box.

Abstract: An apparatus for discharging cinders from an incinerator has an upwardly open intake pit having horizontally spaced front and rear walls. A water-filled trough is provided below this intake pit and has an upwardly concave floor and defines an upwardly extending outlet for cinders which have been quenched after they have dropped down in the pit into the water in the trough. A stepped plunger has a front face slidable in an arcuate path along the floor of the trough between a retracted position relatively close to the front wall defining the pit and an advanced position relatively far from the front wall. This plunger also has an upper surface on which is provided a step having a face which lies in back of the front wall in the retracted position of the plunger and between the walls in the advanced position. Thus as the plunger is advanced from the retracted to the advanced position the step pushes large objects against the rear wall of the pit and compresses these large objects.

Abstract: A sludge incinerator for use in the flash evaporation of water contained in high moisture sludges comprises a primary chamber, with longitudinally spaced inlet tubes to introduce the sludge and compressed air therein in an atomized spray, and primary burners intermediate the inlet tubes, to heat and burn the sludge, thus separating it into dry solids and water vapor. A screw conveyor removes the dry solids from the primary chamber. An afterburner, including secondary burners, a secondary air supply, and a mixing chamber to mix the secondary air with the primary combustion products, provides further oxidation to achieve substantially complete combustion of the combustibles content of the sludge and fuel. A vertical stack exhausts these combustibles and vapors from the mixing chamber.

Abstract: A fluidized bed of material retained in a vessel receives a high velocity gas stream through a venturi orifice and passage to assist in the agglomeration of ash particles. The particles form a semi-fixed bed within the passage upstream from the venturi orifice. The particular dimensions of the semi-fixed bed are dependent, in part, upon the orifice size of the venturi. An iris valve defining the orifice permits adjustment of the cross-sectional area of the orifice thereby controls the velocity of the gas stream through the venturi.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sluice for sluicing out clinker and ashes from a furnace, where the sluice is arranged in a residue shaft situated, for instance, at the end of a fuel-transporting grate in a furnace or at the end of a rotary kiln. The sluice is divided into an upper chamber and a lower chamber by a sluice flap which can pivot downwards, said lower chamber ending in a collecting compartment arranged at the bottom of the shaft, from where the clinker and ashes by means of a scraper are forced through an opening for further disposal.

Abstract: A furnace, particularly for use in a slagging pyrolysis system for the disposal of solid waste, includes a metal hearth portion, unprotected by refractory material, the hearth portion having a plurality of heat conducting studs affixed to the inner wall of the hearth portion and means for cooling the studs for causing a slag coating which protects the hearth wall from attack by corrosive substances, minimizes additional heat loss and prevents melting of the hearth wall.

Abstract: A waste liquor recovery furnace includes a lower combustion chamber and an upper final combustion chamber, separated by a restricted gas passage. The furnace has a basically cylindrical configuration, being defined by a tube membrane shell, and the lower combustion chamber is formed by tubes from said shell being bent, doubly inwards, defining a discharge opening for the liquid combustion residue. A screen of tubes in the final combustion chamber is arranged to direct the gases towards the shell, being substantially solid in the center of the chamber, directly above the discharge opening.

Abstract: An incinerator having a variable speed auger to continuously feed refuse into and through a combustion chamber and into a water filled ash receptacle. Preheated combustion air is supplied through tangential openings in and along the combustion chamber walls, with the hottest air supplied at the combustion chamber inlet. The auger has a water cooled hollow shaft and a heat resistant flight concentrically spaced away from the auger shaft by support members. The pitch of the auger flight gradually decreases from the inlet end to the discharge end of the combustion chamber. The exhaust gases pass through heat exchangers and dust collectors before being emitted from the incinerator. A portion of the exhaust gas is recirculated by a blower to an air curtain in the front of the inlet unit to preheat the entering refuse.

Abstract: A grate assembly for a shell boiler comprising a fire bed supporting means including a first apertured support member and a second support member mounted for mutual relative movement between a first position in which the apertures in the first member are obturated by the second member and a second position in which the apertures are not obturated and drive means for causing relative movement between the first and second positions at a speed to permit passage of ash through the apertures whilst continuing to support the fire bed.

Abstract: A method of discharging residues resulting from gasification of fuel in a chamber filled in a lower portion thereof with water and having a gas cushion at high pressure above the water level, in which the residues accumulating in the chamber are discharged through a sluicing container connected to the lower end of the chamber and conveyor means connected to the sluicing chamber.

Abstract: A method of handling hot particulate material including the steps of producing a flow of liquid coolant in which there is substantially no increase in the width of flow with increasing depth; introducing hot particulate material into the path of flow of coolant to create a temporary barrier arresting the flow of coolant; and allowing accumulated coolant to breach the barrier and carry away with it particulate material of the temporary barrier.

Abstract: Incinerator for oil-containing waste sludges having a furnace, a tank for mixing and stirring the oil-containing waste sludges and oil such as fuel oil or waste oil, a burner for spraying and incinerating the mixture into said furnace, a gas duct containing, if required, heat exchanger means at its midway and a flue, characterized in that said furnace is composed of two chambers, the upper being a combustion chamber, with an opening for spraying and burning said mixture by means of said burner mounted within said opening thereby rendering the waste sludges into a semi-molten state, and the lower chamber being a settling chamber, with a gas duct for discharging combustion gas and an opening for the recovery of clinker form ashes, for settling the clinker ashes contained in the combustion gas, said combustion chamber and said settling chamber being connected by a throttle portion for causing the semi-molten fine particles from the waste sludges to aggregate with each other into clinker form having fine pores be

Abstract: A method of continuously feeding coal or the like to coal gasifier means or the like operating under a predetermined elevated pressure and of continuously removing ash or the like therefrom in which the coal feeding and ash removing procedures are interrelated to provide energy conservation by removing heat from the ash and transferring the heat to the coal, such energy conservation being performed by means of the liquid medium (water) used to feed the coal and remove the ash. In the coal feeding procedure, coal is continuously introduced into a first low energy water circuit from which successive volumes of coal particles and entrained water are transferred to a second high energy water circuit during which transfer the first circuit gains water from the second circuit, the second circuit includes a first liquid volume having a free liquid surface maintained at a high pressure level at or near the pressure level of the gasifier through which the coal is moved to supply the gasifier.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for withdrawing agglomerated solids from a fluidizing chamber housing a main, fluidized bed of finely divided solids which comprises at least one withdrawal chamber having a width less than the fluidizing chamber and positioned below the fluidized bed. This withdrawal chamber has sufficient dimensions (width (or diameter when cylindrical) and depth) to contain a second fluidized or semi-fixed bed within said chamber when a high velocity gas stream is introduced into the bottom portion of the withdrawal chamber. This high velocity gas stream forms an inverted cone in the withdrawal chamber, wherein the walls of the cone are defined by the fluidized or semi-fixed bed within the withdrawal chamber. The velocity of the gas stream is adjusted to selectively remove high density agglomerates downward from the main fluidized bed without removing the fluidized solids in admixture therewith.

Abstract: A body including a discharge passage and a runner surface extending into the passage fits in an opening provided adjacent the bottom of a furnace wherein solid material is exposed to hot gas in a manner forming a liquid waste which flows along a bottom surface of the furnace for removal. The discharge passage communicates with an outlet for removing liquid waste, and the runner surface meets the furnace bottom surface with a substantial portion of the runner surface being within the furnace. A conduit arrangement is connected to the furnace bustle pipe for supplying hot gas through a passage in the body which is directed toward the runner surface, and auxiliary fuel can be supplied to the conduit. The liquid waste material flows along the furnace bottom surface and along the runner surface through the discharge passage to the outlet, and the location of the runner surface minimizes heat loss from the liquid material. The hot gas supplied to the liquid waste material keeps it in a flowing state.

Abstract: A sluice arrangement for sluicing out clinker and uncombusted residue from combustion furnaces such as rotary kilns and the like. A steel plate duct having a cross-section at least equal to that of an ash pit is attached to the lower end of the ash pit in a downwards steeply slanting position and is provided with an upper and lower mechanically operated swinging flap. By manually or automatically controlling the closed/opened positions of the flaps relative to each other an effective sluice is provided. A pilot system for the sluice wherein the motive power for operation of each of the flaps is controlled by separate changeover devices is also provided wherein the changing over effects the required closing/opening sequence of the flaps to provide an effective sluice.

Abstract: An improved ash removal apparatus for coal-dust firing equipment which includes a firebox and a scraper-chain type conveyor including a water trough which is disposed below the ash outlet of the equipment firebox. A protective hood is coupled to and is communicative with the firebox outlet, and in addition, is positioned over the conveyor trough and extends thereinto. A plurality of floatable members which are rotatable about their own longitudinal axes, are disposed within the hood and float on the surface of the water contained in the conveyor trough so as to catch ashes falling from the firebox outlet on the surfaces thereof.