Abstract: A cement production plant and method of regulating the flue gas temperature in a cement production plant. The cement production plant includes a kiln, a flue gas conditioning device, a mill and an electrostatic precipitator. The flue gas from the kiln is passed through the conditioning device. From there, the flue gas is conveyed either via the mill or directly to the electrostatic precipitator. The measurements are carried out in the flow path of the gas of the flue gas temperature before the electrostatic precipitator, and the water is supplied to the flue gas for cooling purposes in the conditioning device as a response to this temperature measurement, provided the temperature is too elevated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a swirling-type melting furnace for gasifying combustible wastes and/or coal, and a method of gasifying wastes by the swirling-type melting furnace. In the swirling-type melting furnace (5), gaseous materials supplied to a combustion chamber (6) form a swirling flow which includes an outer swirling flow primarily containing particulate combustibles and an inner swirling flow primarily containing gaseous combustibles. Oxygen is supplied through an inner wall of the combustion chamber (6) to the outer swirling flow primarily containing the particulate combustibles for thereby accelerating gasification of the particulate combustibles.

Abstract: Methods are provided for decreasing the amount of nitrogen oxides released to the atmosphere as a component of combustion emissions. The methods are carried out by forming a combustion flue gas in a combustion zone, the combustion flue gas including nitrogen oxides, injecting overfire air and droplets of a solution or a powder of a selective reducing agent into a burnout zone, and contacting the combustion flue gas with the overfire air and the selective reducing agent in the burnout zone to thereby decrease the concentration of nitrogen oxides therein. The selective reducing agent is provided in an aqueous solution or powder which is injected into the overfire air in optimized droplet or particle form prior to or concurrently with injection of the overfire air into the burnout zone.

Abstract: A refuse incineration plant is disclosed which utilizes a continuous rail system to transport refuse from a loading area into a burn core, from the burn core to an ash removal area, and back to the refuse loading area. Smoke and exhaust generated by the incineration process is sensed to control the incineration burn cycle, thereby allowing a variable burn cycle depending upon the composition of the refuse incinerated therein. Once sensed, the smoke and exhaust from the incineration process is exhausted into a filtration system having a main mixing tank and a number of filter condenser tanks coupled in series ascending/descending gaseous communication. The main mixing tank utilizes a series of baffle plates which aids in the mixing of the smoke/exhaust with water vapor as delivered within the main mixing tank by a series of water vapor spray jets. A cooling unit is also utilized to cool the mixture and aid in the condensation thereof.

Abstract: A waste incinerator which includes a housing formed by a heat insulating outer wall, air ducts; a decomposing chamber; a fire room; and a catalytic converter, all disposed in the housing. Waste is introduced into the fire room and incinerated there, and the remains are retrieved from the fire room in such a manner that the incoming materials such as air and waste on one hand the combustion gases and residue on the other hand form a counter flow heat exchange. Various embodiments are disclosed in which the fire wall is or not rotary.

Abstract: High-temperature and high-pressure water, preferably at or above supercritical conditions for water, is injected into a high-temperature flame of a fuel combustor such as a coal-fired furnace, or boiler, or a turbine, internal combustion engine, rocket or the like. The process enhances efficiency of the combustion process, and, when used with fuels such as coal, renders ash, particularly fly ash, cementitious, so that it can be used as a substitute for conventional cement, reduces the carbon content of the ash, so that it can be used as a cement additive, and reduces carbon dioxide emissions into the environment.

Abstract: An elongated reaction chamber (11) has an inlet end (23), an outlet end (25), and a gas containment boundary (12) extending along its length. Waste material to be processed is injected into the reaction chamber (11) at the inlet end (23) and reaction products are removed from the reaction chamber out the outlet end (25). The reaction chamber (11) is mounted within a supply chamber (16) containing a molten reactant metal (15). The level of the molten reactant metal (15) in the supply chamber (16) resides above the level of the upper gas containment boundary (12). A circulating arrangement including a circulating paddle (17) circulates molten reactant metal (15) into the inlet end (23) of the reaction chamber (11) and through the reaction chamber to its outlet end (25). A mixing arrangement which may include fins (44) associated with the reaction chamber (11) mixes both gases and molten reactant metal in the reaction chamber to enhance exposure of unreacted gases to the molten metal.

Abstract: An in-furnace method and apparatus reduces nitrogen oxides in flue gas by injecting an oil water emulsion into flue gas so that the oil and water mixes with said flue gas. The emulsion has from 35% to 80% water and is injected in sufficient quantities to provide enough oil to promote a reaction between the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas and the oil, so as to reduce nitrogen oxide content of the flue gas and to maintain overall fuel lean conditions above the primary combustion zone. The emulsion preferably is atomized before injection and may also be injected in jet streams. Other materials such as limestone, ammonia and urea could be added to the oil water emulsion prior to injection.

Abstract: A fossil fuel fired combustion apparatus and a method for operating the fossil fuel fired combustion apparatus are provided which offer the flexibility to use carbon dioxide (CO2) both as a desirable end product and as support to the combustion process. The method includes the step of introducing a substantially pure oxygen feed stream into the fossil fuel fired combustion apparatus and the step of combusting a fossil fuel in the presence of the substantially pure oxygen feed stream to produce a flue gas having carbon dioxide and water vapor as its two largest constituent elements by volume. The method also includes the step of passing the flue gas through an oxygen feed stream pre-heater at which heat from the flue gas is transferred to the oxygen feed stream. Furthermore, the method includes the step of separating the flue gas into an end product portion and a recycling portion.

Abstract: A municipal or like refuse, from which large articles of metals have been removed, is mixed with an alkaline substance like limestone preferably in a triple screw mixer, and then advanced along the pyrolysis path in which the refuse mixture is subjected to heat from combustion gases from an incineration chamber therebelow. A portion of the pyrolyzed product is recycled to the upstream side of that path and the remainder of the pyrolyzed product is scrubbed with an aqueous medium, e.g. water and/or aqueous acetic acid and the washed pyrolyzed product is then incinerated to produce the combustion gas.

Abstract: A refuse incinerating oven includes a refuse loading car, and a furnace body with lower and upper combustion chambers. The car is conveyed through the furnace body such that refuse loaded on the car can be ignited in the lower combustion chamber. The combustion exhaust generated in the lower combustion chamber flows into and is heated in the upper combustion chamber. A spraying tank is communicated with the upper combustion chamber for receiving the combustion exhaust. Water mist is sprayed to the combustion exhaust in the spraying tank so as to generate aerated water. The aerated water and the combustion exhaust flowing from the spraying tank are cooled as they flow into a reservoir. The aerated water is pumped from the reservoir to an upper end of a waterfall tank so as to generate a downwardly cascading water stream inside the waterfall tank. An exhaust port unit is connected to the upper end of the waterfall tank for sucking and releasing the combustion exhaust.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for optimizing the injecting of NOx inhibiting liquid reagent into the flue gas of a utility or industrial type boiler to reduce emissions of NOx including a temperature sensor for measuring the boiler flue gas temperature and a moveable conduit for injecting the NOx inhibiting reagent into the flue gas at a sensed predetermined temperature range.

Abstract: Waste (such as domestic garbage, industrial waste, and bulky refuse) or sewage sludge is pretreated by pyrolysis under an oxygen-poor atmosphere to provide solid pyrolysis residues and a pyrolysis gas. The solid pyrolysis residues are mechanically treated to provide a coarse fraction and a fine fraction. The coarse fraction is mechanically separated and fed to a metal bath reactor containing a metal bath and a liquid slag floating on the metal bath. The fine fraction entrained in a carrier gas is fed via a nozzle in order to carburize the metal bath. The carburized metal bath functions to reduce metal oxides from the liquid slag floated thereon, thereby purifying the liquid slag. At least a portion of the pyrolysis gas is used to smelt and heat the liquid slag.

Abstract: A system for handling aqueous sludge to a combustor such that pollutant emissions associated with combustion operations, e.g., cement manufacturing, are reduced. Sludge is accumulated at a receiving site from where it is transported to a sludge conduit. The sludge is then introduced from the sludge conduit into a combustion apparatus at a point effective to reduce pollutant emissions produced by the combustion operation.

Abstract: A mobile apparatus, and method of operation, for controlling and suppressing the explosive destruction of munitions by detonation in an explosion chamber. The apparatus comprises a double-walled steel explosion chamber which is moved by wheeled carriage means to a desired location. Granular shock-damping silica sand is introduced into fillable cavities within the chamber walls, ceiling and floor prior to use. After use, the sand is removed to lighten the chamber prior to transport. The floor of the chamber is covered with granular shock-damping pea gravel which may be added before use and removed before further transport. A munition to be destroyed is placed within an open-topped steel fragmentation containment unit. Vaporizable plastic bags of energy-absorbing water are disposed about the munition in a spaced array. An array of vent pipes vents the chamber into manifolds leading to an expansion tank or scrubber for further cooling and environmental treatment of the explosion products.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment machine. The exhaust treatment machine has a burning chamber and a wet chamber. Water is injected into the wet chamber by a water inlet at a bottom portion of the wet chamber. At least two rotor blades are installed over the bottom of the wet chamber to generate a vortex flow of the water. Thus, the vortex flow of the water acentrically flushes away the product produced in the burning chamber and removes it via a drainpipe. Furthermore, those clots agglomerated from the powers produced in the burning chamber are fragmented by the rotor blades. The problems of blocking the drainpipe is thus resolved.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing NO.sub.x emissions from the combustion of carbonaceous fuels using three stages of oxidation. In the first stage, a partial oxidation combustor is used to partially combust the fuel in the presence of heated combustion air. The fuel gas produced in the partial oxidation process is passed to a second stage partial oxidation combustor while molten slag is removed and disposed of. A second preheated combustion air is introduced into the second stage combustor to produce a reducing flue gas. A third combustion air is mixed with the flue gas in a third stage combustor to substantially complete the combustion process. Preheated steam may be added at any or all of the combustion stages. The stochiometric ratios at each stage of combustion are controlled to minimize overall NO.sub.x emissions to acceptable levels.

Abstract: Apparatus for processing and recycling CCA (copper, chrome, arsenic) treated wood chips that includes a vertical reaction chamber into which a continuous stream of wood chips is poured. Hot gases at about 400.degree. C. are introduced into the bottom of the column to heat the chips below their ignition point. The combustion gases flow upwardly through the chips to progressively cool the gases and allow them to condense in the column. The condensate is deposited upon the surface of the chips and the gases, which are now free of heavy metals, are evacuated from the column.

Abstract: A system and a process for combusting hydrocarbons to recover energy and the carbon dioxide resulting from the combustion is provided. The process utilizes a two-stage combustion process, each stage utilizing water injection and a recirculation stream to increase the efficiency of combustion to generate larger proportions of carbon dioxide. An energy recovery boiler is used to recover heat energy from the combustion product. Combustion product is then cleaned and the carbon dioxide is separated and condensed into a useable liquid carbon dioxide product.

Abstract: An apparatus for recycling municipal waste as energy includes a shredder for shredding the waste, and removing rejects, the rejects from the shredder being sorted into a first stream of inert matter that is substantially unpolluted with organic matter and into a second stream of inert matter that is substantially polluted with either organic matter or with combustible heavy elements; a first outlet for removing the second stream of inert matter; a circulating fluidized bed reactor for receiving the shredded waste and producing gases with solid particles therein; a cyclone for separating out the solid particles and receiving the gases output by the reactor; a recuperator boiler into which the gases output by the cyclone are discharged and which is provided with a first set of heat exchangers, the boiler including a dust-filtering hopper; a second outlet for removing the solid particles from the dust-filtering hopper; a second set of heat exchangers disposed in a chamber into which the gases are fed after trans

Abstract: A system and method of injecting an ammonia or urea reactant into a flue gas stream in a steam generating power plant that utilizes Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) to lower NO.sub.x emissions and more specifically the injection of the reactant in such a manner that a more uniform mixing of the reactant with the flue gas stream is achieved more rapidly thereby increasing the efficiency of the catalytic reduction process and further a method of increasing the amount of reaction that takes place between the reactant/flue gas mixture and the catalytic material.

Abstract: A waste-disposing sea-going vessel includes a vessel body that carries solid waste-holding containers to a site at sea far away from land. The vessel body further has an incinerator to incinerate the solid wastes of the containers, a scrubbing chamber to scrub the smoke produced by the incinerator via sea-water, and a neutralization chamber to spray an alkaline solution onto the products produced by the scrubbing chamber, thereby removing hazardous particles before the incinerated wastes are discharged into the sea. A smoke-conveying pipe is further provided to connect a chimney of the incinerator to the scrubbing chamber, and a catalyst converter is provided in the smoke conveying pipe to remove some hazardous smoke particles by filtration and chemical conversion before the post-treatments conducted by the scrubbing chamber and the neutralization chamber.

Abstract: A waste treatment furnace includes a first waste treatment chamber with a first burner chamber communicating therewith, and a second waste treatment chamber with a second burner chamber communicating therewith. A common bottom wall is positioned under the first and second waste treatment chambers which is inclined downwardly from the first chamber to the second chamber to facilitate transfer of waste. Each burner chamber includes a burner and a plurality of protuberances disposed across its inner surface. The protuberances effectively reflect heat from the first and second burners so that the heater air in the first and second burner chambers is homogenized.

Abstract: The specification describes a system for the thermal treatment of energetic materials which generate a tremendous volume of gaseous products upon combustion. The system includes a containment system which maintains an interface between hot exhaust gas products and a cooler gas, yet allows the relatively slow removal and treatment of the exhaust gas products from the containment system while permitting the inflow of gas into the containment system to replace an equivalent volume of exhaust gas products removed therefrom.

Abstract: A flue gas desulfurizer having an absorption tower for bringing untreated flue gas into gas-liquid contact with an absorbent slurry, wherein there is provided heat recovery means for recovering heat from the flue gas passing through the flue gas inlet section of the absorption tower prior to gas-liquid contact, and to boiler equipment including heat release means for releasing the recovered heat to heat utilization equipment. This invention also relates to thermal electric power generation equipment including extraction feedwater heaters for heating boiler feedwater with steam from steam turbines, a flue gas desulfurizer using an absorbent slurry, and means for recovering heat from the flue gas passing through the flue gas desulfurizer and/or the absorbent slurry within the flue gas desulfurizer, whereby boiler feedwater is preheated by the recovered heat and then introduced into the extraction feedwater heaters.

Abstract: A system and method for purification of combustion gases cools the combustion gases to an optimal oxidation temperature, oxidizes the combustion gases, injects water or uses natural moisture content to form acid aerosols, neutralizes the acid aerosols with an alkaline solution, and then filters the acid aerosol, alkaline solution and water from the combustion gases. The purified gas stream is then exhausted from the system. Oxidation can be provided in stages to obtain optimal oxidation of different combustion gas components with different optimal oxidation temperature ranges. When used in a thermal power plant, the cooling of exhaust gases can be accomplished by regenerative preheating of combustion air, boiler feedwater or combustion fuel, and the clean exhaust gas can be cooled below the conventional exhaust stack temperature range, thus enhancing power plant efficiency.

Abstract: A recycling system processes used oil filters on a continuous basis by shredding the oil filters and then incinerating the shreds in a rotary kiln. The shreds are fed into the upper end of an inclined rotating drum kiln. The shreds of combustible material and any oil are burnt to produce exhaust gases and ash particles. The remaining metal shreds are discharged at the lower end of the rotating drum through a first port. The exhaust gases and ash particles flow from the kiln through a first cyclone which separates out any heavy unburnable pieces. The remaining exhaust gases and ash particles then pass through an afterburner to further ensure complete combustion and minimize air pollution. A second cyclone separates the ash particles from the exhaust gases. An exhauster can be used to induce the flow of exhaust gases and ash particles from the kiln through the afterburner and cyclones. This system automatically separates metal shreds and incinerates the combustible materials and oil in the oil filters.

Abstract: A system for automatically admitting and regulating the flow-rate of an alkaline substance admitted to the combustion chamber (10) of a refuse incineration plant for the hot destruction of the acids contained in the combustion fumes, comprising sensors (22, 23, 24, 25, 51, 124, 140) for detecting the concentration of the acids in the fumes in the combustion chamber (10) and working conditions of the plant such as temperature, flow-rate and humidity of the fumes, and processing means (26, 27) connected to the sensors for identifying, in dependence on the concentration of acids and of the working conditions, a flow-rate of an alkaline substance to be admitted to the combustion chamber in order to achieve a destruction yield which reduces the concentration of acids in the fumes discharged from the plant to a predetermined value, and for operating flow-rate regulation members (40) for admitting to the combustion chamber the flow-rate of an alkaline substance thus identified.

Abstract: An integrated flue gas treatment desulfurization system for treating flue gas exhausted from an electrostatic precipitator and passing at a flue gas flow velocity in the range of 10-20 ft./sec. or more through a condensing heat exchanger and a wet flue gas scrubber. The scrubber sprays a reagent throughto the flue gas effectively remove pollutants and metals prior to exhausting same in a dry form after treatment by mist eliminators located downstream of the system.

Abstract: A scrubber for user in an incineration system to remove particulate materials and provide complete combustion of the combustion gas. The scrubber defines a scrubber chamber having an inlet through which hot combustion gas is introduced and having an outlet for discharge of the gas. Suspended within the scrubber chamber are a plurality of elongated plates composed of a temperature resistant metal, such as Inconel. The plates are arranged in a pattern to provide a tortuous path of flow for the combustion gas through the chamber, and prevent direct flow from the inlet to the outlet. In a preferred form of the invention, the plates are arranged in rows with the spacing between plates in one row being aligned with plates in an adjacent row. As the combustion gas flows through the chamber, the particulate material will migrate to, and collect on, the front and rear plate surfaces.

Abstract: An incinerator for incinerating medical waste in which a self-contained unit including a hopper and a fire chamber are supported on a conveyor mechanism, the fire chamber being provided with an opening and a chute coupling the hopper and the fire chamber for supplying material placed into the hopper to the fire chamber; a scrubber tank is provided which includes a rotatable scrubber, a conveyor conduit and a vacuum pump including a suction mechanism to suck up ash from the fire chamber and convey it through the conveyor conduit to the scrubber tank, a water tank is juxtaposed to the scrubber tank, and the interiors of the water tank and the scrubber tank are coupled together for supplying water to the scrubber tank while the scrubber is rotated for condensing the ash into a slurry which drops to the bottom of the scrubber tank and thereby eliminate the ash content supplied to the scrubber, a pump coupled to the scrubber tank through an extraction conduit for extracting the slurry with the bottom of the scrubb

Abstract: An improved method and system for cooling the sulfur dioxide gas stream flowing from a sulfur furnace to a catalytic converter in a sulfur trioxide flue gas conditioning system. Water is injected into the sulfur dioxide gas stream upstream of the catalytic converter as appropriate to maintain the temperature at the inlet of the catalytic converter at a desired level.

Abstract: An integrated flue gas treatment desulfurization system for treating flue gas exhausted from an electrostatic precipitator and passing at a flue gas flow velocity in the range of 10-20 ft./sec. or more through a condensing heat exchanger and a wet flue gas scrubber. The scrubber sprays a reagent throughto the flue gas effectively remove pollutants and metals prior to exhausting same in a dry form after treatment by mist eliminators located downstream of the system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for incinerating waste material and in particular, for incinerating particulate material resulting from the shredding of vehicles. The particulate material is fed to one end of a rotary drum, and is subjected in the drum to pyrolitic incineration in the absence of air, to generate combustible gases and a solid residue. The combustion gases and the residue are discharged from the drum to a discharge hood, where the solid residue is separated from the gases. The gases are then passed through a condenser to cool the gases to a temperature below 212.degree. F. to thereby condense water vapor and higher boiling point hydrocarbon gases to produce hydrocarbon liquid.

Abstract: A process for treating organic waste materials without venting gaseous emissions to the atmosphere which includes oxidizing the organic waste materials at an elevated temperature not less than about 500.degree. C. with a gas having an oxygen content in the range of from about 20% to about 70% to produce an oxidation product containing CO.sub.2 gas. The gas is then filtered to remove particulates, and then contacted with an aqueous absorbent solution of alkali metal carbonates or alkanolamines to absorb a portion of the CO.sub.2 gas from the particulate-free oxidation product. The CO.sub.2 absorbent is thereafter separated for further processing. A process and system are also disclosed in which the waste materials are contacted with a reactive medium such as lime and product treatment as described.

Abstract: A substantially closed-loop system for use with a furnace wherein a fuel is burned and produces an off-gas, which system, by sensing appropriate parameters of the off-gas as it passes through the system, treats that off-gas in an optimized fashion in order to substantially eliminate the escape of contaminants and produce a substantial amount of useful by-products by one or more of (a) controlled treatment of the off-gas chemically and physically by employing a multi-flue compartmented and appropriately controlled treatment means, (b) the subsequent conversion of the essentially gaseous effluent from that treatment means into useful by-products, and (c) the subsequent conversion of the essentially non-gaseous effluent from the treatment chamber into useful by-products.

Abstract: Waste gas, in particular from plants for the chemical vapor-phase deposition and for the separation and etching by plasma processes, is purified from toxic agents by a method in which partial processes of the purification, such as thermal decomposition and oxidation, sorption of solid and gaseous reaction products, hydrolysis and cooling, are combined to act in a single reaction chamber. The reaction products of the waste gas burnt in a flame are led, directly in the combustion chamber, through a space filled with a finely dispersed liquid. This liquid forms a liquid film on all parts and inside walls of the reaction chamber. In a combustion chamber with a burner, the mentioned liquid distribution is obtained by a spraying device.Effective purification from toxic agents, and little corrosion of the components of the reaction chamber are achieved, any growth of solid reaction products in the combustion chamber being avoided.

Abstract: A ventless, combustible waste reduction process and apparatus which can utilize any type of combustion means for disposing of hazardous, as well as non-hazardous, burnable waste. Such wastes include toxic combustible liquids, oil slurries, soils contaminated with dioxin, PCBs, creosote, or any other potentially harmful or toxic combustible material. In particular, the present invention relates to a ventless, combustible waste reduction process in which the operating pressure is slightly below atmospheric pressure and which employs no venting or stack discharge of pollutants whatsoever. The entire flue gas stream is scrubbed, enriched with oxygen and recycled to the combustion chamber in varying amounts in response to pressure and temperature measurements taken in the combustion chamber to maintain the pressure and temperature in the combustion chamber within pre-selected ranges.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for introducing a liquid or gaseous treatment medium into a flue gas stream wherein a total adjustment value for controlling the amount of active substance in the treatment medium is generated by an actual value measurement of a flue gas component and a comparison with a set value, and the treatment medium is injected through a plurality of nozzles into the flue gas stream flowing through a flow chamber. The flow chamber is divided into a three-dimensional matrix of partial flow chambers, each of which comprises a nozzle and measuring devices for detecting the temperature and flow speed of the flue gas stream in the partial flow chambers. The active substance is injected with a constant volume flow of treatment medium in an amount determined by calculation of an individual adjustment value of active substance for each nozzle. The total of the individual partial adjustment values does not exceed the total adjustment value of the active substance.

Abstract: An incinerator comprises a feeding plate, a first combustion chamber, a second combustion chamber, a curved duct, an air exhausting device, a water screen device, and a water tank. The feeding plate is provided on the underside thereof with a vibrating device for causing the feeding plate to vibrate so as to move trash gradually into the first combustion chamber in which trash is incinerated to produce ash and exhaust fume which is then burned completely in the second combustion chamber. When the exhaust fume is passed through the water screen located in the curved duct, ash contained in the exhaust fume is washed away and deposited in the water tank which is provided therein with a device for removing ash that is deposited in the water tank.

Abstract: Particulate-containing hot flue gas flows are flowed into a boiler having a first and a second chamber. The first chamber has a gas side and a water side. The hot flue gas flows into the gas side of the first chamber which is in heat exchange relation with the water side. Steam is generated on the water side and transported to a power generator. Steam or another inert gas is periodically injected into the gas side of the first chamber for removing particulate fouling when the heat exchange relation for the gas side falls below a predetermined minimum level. Cooled flue gas leaving the gas side of the boiler is conducted to a purification chamber having spray nozzles thereby allowing large particulate to settle out of the flue gas and removing fine particulate entrained in the flue gas enabling purified flue gas to be released from an upper portion of the second chamber.

Abstract: An integrated, at least substantially self-contained and at least substantially closed-loop combustion process and system for the control of gaseous, ionic, colloidal, liquid or particulate matter, particularly noxious contaminants contained in the off-gas of a combustion unit, the system comprising a:(a) chemical treatment chamber;(b) a reactant source communicating with the treatment chamber and adapted to provide reactant chemicals in contact with the off-gas;(c) a reactant chemical selector associated with the reactant source;(d) a control device communicating with the off-gas within the combustion system for analyzing the off-gas and actuating the selector in response to the analysis to provide reactant chemicals for contact with the off-gas;(e) an expansion chamber communicating with the treatment chamber and adapted to provide a reduced pressure region of treated off-gas received from the treatment chamber means;(f) an exhaust port in the expansion chamber for discharging the off-gas, and(g) cooling me

Abstract: In the method, the liquid waste substance is vaporized and oxidized in a stream of hot flue gas 4. This stream of flue gas 4 contains the oxygen necessary for oxidation. The essence of the method is that the liquid waste substance is sprayed into the stream of hot flue gas 4 as a fan-shaped flat jet with a component which is perpendicular to the main direction of flow, by means of one or more dual-substance nozzles 6 which are operated in a pulsed mode at a frequency of 5 s.sup.-1 to 70 s.sup.-1, and preferably 10 s.sup.-1 to 20 s.sup.-1, a fan-shaped spray carpet 7 with relatively large droplets of large range and a fan-shaped spray carpet 7 with relatively fine droplets of small range being generated in an alternating cycle at each dual-substance nozzle 6, so that the stream of flue gas 4 is supplied alternately with finely sprayed droplets of small range and large droplets which penetrate the flue gas with a relatively large range of throw. Numerals refer to FIG. 1.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for remediating contaminated soil having volatilizable organic pollutants in a heated treatment zone, preferably a rotary drum, in gas/solids contact with superheated steam. Treatment gases from the treatment zone are repressurized and reheated for reuse in the treatment zone. Superheated steam is maintained in a closed loop and is maintained at superheated conditions. Vaporized organic pollutants and superheated steam are removed from the closed loop of superheated steam for cooling and condensation to condense water and condense liquid volatilizable organic pollutants and uncondensed organic pollutant vapors.

Abstract: Disposal of land filled-produced leachate, gas and condensate, comprising combusting a first portion of a land filled-produced gas to produce hot flue gas, contacting the landfill-produced leachate and condensate with a portion of the hot flue gas to vaporize all of the leachate and condensate liquids to form a composite gas stream, and combusting the composite gas stream to convert any noxious components remaining therein to non-polluting compounds. Further, solids entrained in the composite gas stream can be separated from the composite gas stream. Following combustion of the composite gas stream, only non-polluting compounds are discharged to the atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and systems for reducing pollutant emissions associated with combustion operations, e.g., cement manufacturing. The invention further relates to the disposal of sludge, e.g., produced by waste water treatment plants, by introducing it into the combustion process. In particular, the invention provides for introducing particles of aqueous sludge into a kiln at a point in the kiln effective to reduce pollutant emissions in outlet flue gasses produced by the kiln. Optimally, the sludge is introduced at a point in which maximum NO.sub.x emission reductions can occur and maximum HCl emission reductions can occur downstream (at lower temperatures). In a specific embodiment, introduction of about 10 to about 20 tons per hour of wet sludge results in about a 15% to 30% reduction in NO.sub.x emissions in a cement kiln.

Abstract: This anti-pollution system for an incinerator has a heat recovery base unit which utilizes the heat from the exhaust gas from the incinerator to produce the steam for scrubbing the pollutants from the exhaust gas of the incinerator. The system also has a selected number of scrubber units mounted on top of the heat recovery base unit, in which the polluted exhaust gas is further subjected to scrubbing by fine sprays of a mixture of water and air in a tortuous path to eliminate all the pollutants. Each scrubber unit has provision to monitor the condition of the exhaust gas to ascertain the elimination of all pollutants before the exhaust gas is released into the atmosphere.

Abstract: An incinerator which includes a furnace shell, a filtering device and an ash ejector is provided. Three blowers are placed around the furnace shell along tangent lines to the outer furnace shell wall. The air blown by the blowers forms a whirling airflow within the incinerator. Upper and lower guide plates are affixed within the furnace shell to divide the incinerator into a space for supplying garbage and a second burning region. The hot airflow containing ashes is carried to a filtering device and sprayed with water. The ashes are then trapped on filter material. Ash that remains on the bottom of the furnace shell can be poured into an ash collector by a rotatable grate. The ashes from the ash collector are removed by an auger stem of an ash ejector located below the ash collector.

Abstract: A process for incinerating solids, especially for burning rubbish in a combustion vessel comprising at least one combustion chamber and an after-burner chamber. Here, instead of secondary or tertiary air, water vapor under increased pressure is sprayed into the combustion vessel after the combustion gases have left the combustion chamber. Only primary air is supplied as the combustion air. In this manner and with the use of minimum quantities of combustion air, it is possible to increase the effectiveness of the overall process while at the same time reducing the emission of pollutants. It is also possible to feed back flue gas together with the water vapor, so that, for example, the maximum temperatures, the temperature reduction and the dwell times in the 1st and 2nd flue of the vessel can be easily set to the optima.

Abstract: A waste disposal system (10) which provides for the destruction of solid and liquid waste materials, through a controlled and monitored flow, from the loading of the material to be processed to the expulsion of clean nontoxic and sterile air and inert solid residue. The system includes; a waste loading module (30), a shredding module (33), an injection module (34), a fist combustion chamber (40), a second combustion chamber (50), a first cooling module (60), an electrostatic module (701), a reducing catalyst module (70), an oxidizing catalyst module (80), a liquid filtering module (90), a neutralization module (100) and second cooling module (101).