Abstract: A waste treatment device for treating waste having both liquids and solids therein includes a primary waste reservoir, a solids processor operably connected to the primary waste reservoir to receive waste therefrom in a manner to permit combustion of a substantial part the solids and generate a resultant waste, ash and gas, a secondary waste reservoir operably connected to the solids processor to receive the resultant waste, and a liquid processor operably connected to the secondary waste reservoir to receive the resultant waste in a manner to separate at least a part of the resultant waste into an environmentally safe water and resultant waste concentrate.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to unique and advantageous systems for gasifying and/or liquefying biomass. The systems of the subject invention utilize a unique design whereby heat from a combustion chamber is used to directly gasify or liquefy biomass. In a preferred embodiment, the biomass is moved through a reactor tube in which all the gasification and/or liquefaction takes place. Preferably, char exits the biomass reactor tube and enters the combustion chamber where the char serves as fuel for combustion. The combustion chamber partially surrounds the reactor tube and is in direct thermal contact with the reactor tube such that heat from the combustion chamber passes through the reactor wall and directly heats the biomass within the reactor tube.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for modulating or damping surges of gaseous component (VOC) to a system for destroying the gaseous component are provided which include an accumulator located and adapted to hold gaseous component resulting from such a surge. The present system includes a valve which is positioned to facilitate passing the gaseous component resulting from the surge to the accumulator and, thereafter, to be repositioned to allow the gaseous component from the accumulator to be passed to the system for destroying the gaseous component.

Abstract: A tower garbage incinerator is provided, consisting of an upper main blast furnace having a zigzag furnace cavity, and a lower accessory burning furnace. When garbage is fed through the inlet of the main blast furnace, the zigzag design of the furnace cavity combined with the hot upwardly flowing gas in the blast furnace, causes the garbage to drop slowly and to burn as it drops, as well. The hot gas tumbles the garbage thoroughly, so that caked garbage is completely dispersed, and thereby increases the burning area of the garbage, so as to greatly improve the burning efficiency thereof. Any residual incompletely burned garbage that drops into the accessory burning furnace is burned therein. The accessory burning furnace increases the temperature of gases entering the blast furnace.

Abstract: A two chamber regenerative thermal oxidizer has a pair of poppet valves actuated by an eccentric mechanical drive assembly having a single drive shaft. Gas flow through the RTO is reversed by the simultaneous opening and closing of the poppet valves. Deceleration of the valve discs is controlled using a variable speed motor to reduce valve damage. In another configuration, the mechanical eccentric drive controls two sets of butterfly valves in an RTO.

Abstract: In a method of incinerating waste material in a parallel flow process wherein hot exhaust gases are conducted above a combustion chamber grate in the same direction as the material is moved on the grate, different temperatures zones are maintained to which air is admitted from the bottom through the grate such that a temperature of less than 900.degree. C. is maintained in a first zone which is a drying zone, a temperature of about 1000.degree. C. is maintained in a second zone which is an evaporization and vaporizing zone, a temperature of about 900.degree. C. is maintained to in a third zone, which is the final combustion zone and a temperature less than 900.degree. C. is maintained in a fourth zone which is a sintering zone. Additional air is supplied to the combustion zones 1 through the side walls of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A garbage incinerator with tunnel furnace combustion includes a tunnel furnace serving as the burner unit, a number of carriers serving as the burner beds, and a specified track course to deliver the garbage-loaded carriers into the tunnel furnace to incinerate the garbage. A hopper is provided to receive the garbage and spread it evenly onto the carrier. Each carrier is driven into the tunnel furnace to burn the garbage and includes a bottom loading plate onto which the consumed embers fall. An automatic ember removing equipment is provided for to remove the embers from the carrier. The carriers travel on a circular track so that they continuously move in and out of the furnace.

Abstract: A method of preventing thermite reactions during the high temperature incineration (slag temperature greater than 1200.degree. C.) of waste material streams containing aluminum and iron (steel) by mixing a low melting SiO.sub.2 containing material such as water glass or a mixture of sand with NaHCO.sub.3 or Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3 with the waste material.

Abstract: An apparatus burns tires in a horizontally rotating combuster. The tires are loaded into a rotating combustion chamber through a traveling air lock and burned until they are reduced to ash. Combustion is enhanced by tumbling the burning tires in the rotating chamber while adding preheated draft air. The intake draft air is controlled using thermal expansion of the rotary combustion chamber to activate the draft control valve. The inner surface of the chamber is tapered in order to prevent unburned debris from advancing prematurely; however, angled flights, positioned along the inner surface, cause the residual ash to advance with each successive revolution of the combustion chamber. The resulting combination of gases and ash are then forwarded to an afterburner for completion of the combustion and disposal of the ash.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cleaning device wherein polluted effluents are passed into a cage (2) where a partitioned ring (1) of vertical axis, containing a charge (M) of a solid material exhibiting a large heat exchange surface and, against the inner wall thereof, a catalyst bed (9), rotates. An autothermal working point is reached by including in the catalyst bed heating means (resistors for example) that are temporarily connected to the power supply system, after which the cleaning operations with rotation of the ring and effluent circulation are launched. Heat control is thereafter provided by controlled injection into the effluents of either a fuel or sprayed water for example by means of injectors (15, 16). The device can be applied in the field of incineration of VOC for example in industrial effluents.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process and apparatus for gasifying carbon-containing products, in particular waste and residues conditioned or processed in a suitable way. Gasification takes place in a mixed flow composed of a counter flow, direct flow and transverse flow. A portion of the gasifying agent is introduced through an inclined grate in the form of a step grate and thrust grating and ash is removed at the bottom end of the grate. Fuel gas is drawn off above the upper level of the grate on the side opposite the lateral feed of the gasifying agent. The gasification apparatus is enclosed in a double-layer insulating/cooling system in which air is used as the insulator and coolant. The gasification process is regulated by the temperature profile of the gasification apparatus, the position of the principal gasification zone is adjusted by ash discharge, the gasification temperature is regulated by the flow of gasifying agent and the output is regulated by the width of the gasification zone.

Abstract: A cremator comprises a primary combustion chamber for receiving through a charge door thereof a coffin or other object to be cremated and being provided with a first burner, a secondary combustion chamber (e.g. in the form of a tube of thermally conductive material) in communication with the primary combustion chamber and being provided with a second burner, and a retention chamber in communication with the secondary combustion chamber for temporarily retaining heated waste gases exhausted from the secondary and primary combustion chambers before passing to a waste flue, characterised in that at least a portion of the secondary combustion chamber is located within the retention chamber, whereby gases retained in the retention chamber are heated (preferably to a temperature of at least 850.degree. C.) at least partly by direct heating from the secondary combustion chamber. This improved constructional design provides for a more compact and fuel-efficient dual combustion chamber-type cremator.

Abstract: A preheater in an incineration system consists of: a first opening through which refuse is input; a second opening which is formed under the first opening and communicates with an incinerator; a heat flow passageway which is formed between the first and second openings, and passes the heat generated by the incinerator; and a receiving unit between the two openings which rotates the refuse in the heat flow passageway.

Abstract: A waste treatment furnace includes a first waste treatment chamber with a first burner chamber communicating therewith, and a second waste treatment chamber with a second burner chamber communicating therewith. A common bottom wall is positioned under the first and second waste treatment chambers which is inclined downwardly from the first chamber to the second chamber to facilitate transfer of waste. Each burner chamber includes a burner and a plurality of protuberances disposed across its inner surface. The protuberances effectively reflect heat from the first and second burners so that the heater air in the first and second burner chambers is homogenized.

Abstract: A low-pollutant system for waste materials treatment includes a process chamber for converting organic components of the waste materials into a flammable gas and a two-stage vortex burning chamber for complete combustion of the flammable gas. The vortex burning chamber includes a first substantially-horizontal combustion chamber and a second substantially-vertical combustion chamber disposed at a right angle to each other and communicating therebetween. The first combustion chamber has an inlet portion for receiving the flammable combustion gas from the gas generator means for injecting primary air into the first combustion chamber, thereby forming a mixture of air and the flammable gas and thereby igniting the mixture for partial oxidation thereof.

Abstract: Combustible is comminuted and dried, and metal and noncombustible are removed from the coarsely comminuted combustible. Then, the combustible is secondarily comminuted and separated into coarse combustible and fluff which is fine combustible. The coarse combustible of the separated combustible is fed onto a fire grate (2) of a refuse incinerator (1), and burned in flat bed combustion in a primary combustion chamber (4). On the other hand, the fluff is burned in suspended combustion in a secondary combustion chamber (7) with a combustion fluff burner (5) for incinerating combustible. Thus, refuse containing much plastics which is formed into fluff can be efficiently disposed of, whereby the amount of incineration is increased as a whole.

Abstract: A treatment system is provided which can treat solid materials and/or liquid materials. Preferably, a separator initially separates liquid and solid materials, and the solid materials are deposited upon a substrate within a microwave cavity. Liquids remaining with the solid materials drain through the substrate, and the solid materials are subjected to microwaves. The liquids exiting the separator are preferably also passed through a filter assembly which retains any suspended particles remaining in the liquid, and subjects the particles to microwaves. Exhaust filters can also be provided for the microwave cavities, and the exhaust filters can also be subject to microwaves to incinerate any particles remaining in the exhaust gas. Fire tube arrangements for incinerating solid materials retained or extracted by substrates or filters are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for burning organic farm bedding waste includes a firebox having an air injector disposed within the firebox. A heat exchanger is also disposed within the firebox above the air injector. The fuel to be burned, a mixture of organic farm bedding waste, is piled in the firebox surrounding the air injector and heat exchanger. By injecting air into the pile of fuel, the fuel is burned from the inside out, surrounding the heat exchanger with the burning fuel. The unburned fuel acts to insulate the burning fuel from the walls of the firebox. The apparatus can be used as an incinerator or as a furnace to heat a building.

Abstract: A modular system using molten aluminum alloy for degradation of wastes to innocuous molecular products using a central molten alloy heat source unit and separate reactor units for differing wastes. The molten alloy is pumped to the reactor units and returns by gravity flow to the central heat source which is maintained at about 850 to 950 degrees centigrade.

Abstract: A heater for a grain bin is attached to the inlet flange of a centrifugal inline blower and comprises a housing having a vertical front wall attached to the inlet flange of the blower and a parallel vertical rear wall. The front wall has an opening aligned with the opening into the blower. The rear wall has an opening aligned with the opening in the front wall so that the majority of the air entering the blower passes straight through the housing from the rear wall to the front wall. A sleeve surrounds the opening in the rear wall and induces some flow from the housing to mix with the flow into the blower. The combustion chamber is attached to the rear wall through an opening in the rear wall above the sleeve. The housing has two side walls converging to an open top through which air can escape. When heated air is required an air flow is induced from the combustion chamber to mix with the air flow through the housing to heat the total air flow.

Abstract: A process of cleaning a gas and a rotating catalytic gas cleaning device including a crown of vertical axis driven into rotation in a cage. The crown has an annular catalyst bed covering its inner wall and an annular thermal load, outside the catalytic bed, made of a material exhibiting a large heat exchange surface. A polluted gas is radially passed from a peripheral inlet to a central zone of the crown with crossing of an annular thermal load and a catalytic layer. The gas is radially passed gas from the central zone to a peripheral outlet, while again crossing the catalytic bed and thermal load with thermal exchange.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the mixture of and/or for the achievement of and/or the facilitation of the reduction of undesired compounds, such as soot, hydrocarbons and the oxides of nitrogen and, if the fuel contains other substances, such as sulphur and chlorine, and metal compounds such as mercury and arsenic, for bringing about a reduction in emissions of acidifying oxides of sulphur and hydrogen chloride, as well as mercury and arsenic compounds in an incineration unit. In accordance with the invention, this is achieved by a special mixture and mixing process, in which suitable reducing agents for nitrogen compounds and/or for other undesired substances, for example oxides of sulphur, are introduced into the incineration unit in direct association with the combustion zone in conjunction with the supply of gas. This can take place in conjunction with the actual incineration process, or separately from it.

Abstract: Pyrolysis system and method wherein used batteries other than lead-acid batteries for reclamation and recovery of the constituents therein or environmentally safe disposal are placed in rail carts and moved on rails through an entry zone into a central heating zone of a pyrolysis chamber maintained under a negative pressure and then into an exit zone.

Abstract: The specification describes a system for the thermal treatment of energetic materials which generate a tremendous volume of gaseous products upon combustion. The system includes a containment system which maintains an interface between hot exhaust gas products and a cooler gas, yet allows the relatively slow removal and treatment of the exhaust gas products from the containment system while permitting the inflow of gas into the containment system to replace an equivalent volume of exhaust gas products removed therefrom.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for gasification of feedstock materials are disclosed. The apparatus includes an oblate spheroid (egg-shaped) gasification chamber having inlets for feedstock material and gaseous oxidizer. A combustion gas outlet permits removal of combustion gases, and an ash collection region allows collection and removal of ash produced in the gasification chamber. A plurality of recirculating venturi tubes located within the gasification chamber recirculate combustion gases and particulates into and out of a gasification zone. Each venturi tube includes a plenum having a gaseous oxidizer inlet and a plurality of orifices capable of producing high velocity air flow towards the feedstock material bed in the gasification zone. Filtration action of the bed entrains combustion particulates. A plurality of air cannons coupled to one or more pulse valves provide pulsed air flow into the gasification zone to agitate the feedstock material bed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method (1) for reducing the amount of air toxic elements, particularly mercury (16), in concentrations down to and including trace levels, from a flyash (2) laden combustion gas stream (4). The method includes a step of combusting a fuel (14), often coal or solid waste to form flyash, and a step to concentrate the interaction of the flyash (2) in the combustion gas stream (4) for use as a sorbent.

Abstract: In the case of a process for treating residues and waste materials, in particular household, commercial, and industrial trash, in a first step in the process these materials are treated thermomechanically, for example in a worm extruder, that is, in particular, heated, separated into fibers, and brought to a solid state. Then the materials in the solid state are separated selectively and subjected to a further recycling treatment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for incinerating waste material and in particular, for incinerating particulate material resulting from the shredding of vehicles. The particulate material is fed to one end of a rotary drum, and is subjected in the drum to pyrolitic incineration in the absence of air, to generate combustible gases and a solid residue. The combustion gases and the residue are discharged from the drum to a discharge hood, where the solid residue is separated from the gases. The gases are then passed through a condenser to cool the gases to a temperature below 212.degree. F. to thereby condense water vapor and higher boiling point hydrocarbon gases to produce hydrocarbon liquid.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of solid residue from a refuse incineration plant, involving:melting the solid residue in a first heating chamber under oxidizing conditions to provide a melt;reducing any heavy metal compounds present in the melt to elemental metal in a second heating chamber; andtransferring the resulting melt to a third heating chamber;wherein any elemental metal is sedimented in each heating chamber and the sedimented elemental metal is continuously returned from two of the heating chambers to the remaining heating chamber, wherein the elemental metal is collected in at least one of the first or second heating chambers and discharged therefrom, and an apparatus for performing the process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a domical structure capable of enclosing the majority of operational and integrating many of the structural elements of a waste-to-energy, waste processing or other combustion facility. The domical structure according to the present invention improves the aesthetic appearance of the facility by enclosing the majority of the machinery, equipment, activities and chimney from outside view. The domical structure also reduces the cost of construction and operation by reducing the support structure and improving lighting and climate control.

Abstract: There are provided a pretreatment facility (1) and a incineration/melting facility (2). In the incineration/melting facility, an incineration chamber (3) and a melting chamber (5) are integrally formed through a partition wall (7) so that incineration residue can be continuously transferred. Fine crushed material finely crushed by the pretreatment facility (1) is supplied as fuel to a burner (4). This enables it to obtain melting heat source from waste, and to efficiently treat the waste at a low cost by directly superheating and melting non-cooled incineration residue from the incineration chamber (3).

Abstract: When scrap tires containing metal wire are incinerated in the scrap tire combustion furnace at a temperature of 400.degree. to 950.degree. C. in the presence of oxygen, CO.sub.2 and water vapor is implemented, waste flons soaked into cloths, for example, are loaded together with scrap tires into the furnace. In this method, waste flons can be decomposed nearly 100%, under the reactions of hydrocarbons as well as a slight amount of sulfur which are both generated when the scrap tires burns.

Abstract: A method and system for continuous incineration of solid waste, directed to reducing formation of pathogens (such as dioxins) during incineration by inducing rapid combustion in an oxygen-rich environment. Waste may be shredded first. Waste is then dispersed widely across a first combustion chamber in which it undergoes incineration into ash and gas. Alternative embodiments for continuous removal of hot ash are disclosed. Gas is encouraged to travel a spiral path into a second combustion chamber, in which further incineration occurs. Gas travels through the second combustion chamber also in a spiral path, and is cooled in a quench tube. An evacuator means, advantageously a large fan, draws air through the system continuously during combustion, encouraging flow of waste through the system and replenishing oxygen available for rapid combustion.

Abstract: A system for waste-to-energy conversion of municipal solid waste and urban forest residue includes as a central element a vortex-cyclone suspended combustion zone furnace, supplied via a shredder and a rotary preheat kiln, and followed by a waste heat boiler. The combustion furnace takes the form of a horizontal tunnel-like structure into which solid waste material from the preheat kiln is introduced near an entry end, with separate exit ports for hot gas and ash at an exit end. The furnace has spaced horizontal waterwall tubes, between which forced draft air is injected in a circular pattern aided by vanes, producing a swirling overfire air curtain surrounding the vortex-cyclone suspended combustion zone along the length of the furnace. In the manner of a cyclone separator, a cylindrical structure surrounds the central exhaust gas opening, and extends from the exit end wall into the combustion chamber to a circular leading edge.

Abstract: A combustion furnace for combustible rubbish, allowing to utilize the generated heat for everyday purposes, wherein the rubbish is burned in several combustion chambers inside a main body, allowing for heating a cooking device, and the generated smoke flows through a separating plate below the combustion chambers, is dispersed by a sprinkling device and passes through a filter, such that it will not pollute the environment.

Abstract: A ventless, combustible waste reduction process and apparatus which can utilize any type of combustion means for disposing of hazardous, as well as non-hazardous, burnable waste. Such wastes include toxic combustible liquids, oil slurries, soils contaminated with dioxin, PCBs, creosote, or any other potentially harmful or toxic combustible material. In particular, the present invention relates to a ventless, combustible waste reduction process in which the operating pressure is slightly below atmospheric pressure and which employs no venting or stack discharge of pollutants whatsoever. The entire flue gas stream is scrubbed, enriched with oxygen and recycled to the combustion chamber in varying amounts in response to pressure and temperature measurements taken in the combustion chamber to maintain the pressure and temperature in the combustion chamber within pre-selected ranges.

Abstract: A gasification system for biomass fuel. The system includes a bulk biomass feeder in which biomass fuel is stored and from which biomass fuel is supplied to the system. A pneumatic conveyor system is employed that transports the biomass fuel from the feeder to a high pressure feed tank. Once deposited in the feeder, the pressure on the fuel is raised and maintained throughout the balance of the gasification process. From the feeder, the fuel travels on a variable speed pressurized conveyance and is dispensed in a controlled and regulated manner to the reactor vessel that takes the form of a fluidized bed reactor. The fuel is gasified in the reactor and the resulting gas and ash mixture is separated. At a cyclone, most of the suspended ash is removed from the mixture. After the cyclone, the gas may be is further filtered before transmission to an end use. The system may optionally be automated by computer control.

Abstract: A method of incinerating wastes while controlling the production of dioxins wherein water vapor or water is sprayed in the main combustion zone of an incinerator. An apparatus for practicing the method of waste incineration, including a line for supplying main combustion air, either alone or together with a line for supplying recycled combustion gas, to the incinerator from below its hearth, is provided with a line for supplying water vapor or water in communication with the line or lines.

Abstract: A waste car disposer which includes a plurality of tunnel-like furnaces connected in series and separately controlled to heat waste cars at different temperatures so that plastic, rubber, glass, lead, zinc, nickel, copper, iron and steel parts of waste cars are separately melted and respectively collected for reclamation.

Abstract: An incinerator in which halogenated organic compounds are burned in the presence of oxygen or oxygen enriched air to produce combustion products. The combustion products potentially include unreacted oxygen and halogenated organic compounds which can react with oxygen to produce halogenated furans and dioxins. The formation of the halogenated furans and dioxins is minimized by firing a burner, burning a hydrogen containing fuel at a fuel-rich stoichiometry, into the combustion products so that the fuel will react with the unreacted oxygen. This will reduce formation of the halogenated furans and dioxins. Any of the halogenated furans and dioxins that are formed are substantially eliminated by the reaction of hydrogen supplied by the fuel with the halogenated furans and dioxins.

Abstract: A combined soil remediation and HMA plant is provided having a rotary dryer, a rotary soil incinerator, and a refractory lined duct connecting the incinerator to the dryer and serving as a conduit via which hot gases, forming the primary and possibly sole heat source used to heat raw aggregate in the dryer, are conveyed from the incinerator to the dryer. The duct also acts as an afterburner in which volatile organic compounds, particles of contaminated dust, and other combustible products not destroyed in the incinerator are destroyed. The plant further includes a mixer 1) receiving both reclaimed soil from the incinerator and heated and dried aggregate from the dryer and 2) mixing both materials with liquid asphalt and possibly RAP and/or dust from the system's baghouse assembly to form HMA.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for gasifying organic materials in a gasification reactor and vitrifying residual ash in a melting furnace comprising introducing a charge containing organic materials into said reactor, heating the charge sufficiently to thermally decompose and gasify the organic materials resulting in evolved gases, by means of at least one high temperature burner gas stream by combustion of a fuel with an oxygen-containing gas, to produce said synthesis gas and residual ash, introducing said residual ash from said reactor into a separate melting furnace, vitrifying said residual ash in said melting furnace by combustion of a fuel with an oxygen-containing gas, removing said vitrified ash as a solid frit product, and introducing the combustion gas from said furnace into said reactor.

Abstract: A compact, transportable and self-contained apparatus for treating wastewater containing as impurities and pollutants various non-volatile (at water boiling points) fluids such as greases, oils and soaps, having a vessel/evaporator for receiving the wastewater, a heater below the evaporator to heat the wastewater admixture and boil off the water, a collector to draw off the non-volatile fluids from substantially the entire height of the water evaporator, and automatic refill/shutdown control devices for the apparatus.

Abstract: A system for removing airborne contaminants from the effluent air streams om spray paint booths and the like. The system includes a rectangular shaped underground pool having pool of water positioned below the work area. The underground pool has a plurality of suction pipes which are uniformly distributed throughout the pool at a distance of between one and two inches above the pool of water. The suction pipes terminate in a plenum located adjacent the underground pool. A gas turbine engine which is connected to the plenum is used to draw air including airborne contaminants into the plenum from the work area. Solid airborne contaminants such as droplets of water soluble paint, sand and the like will fall into the pool of water. Lighter airborne contaminants, such as gaseous toxins are drawn through the gas turbine type engine into a after-burning incinerator.

Abstract: Toxic metal vapor phase compounds, and in particular, mercury and cadmium, are removed from waste incinerator combustion gases by contact with dry alkaline material and dry activated carbon followed by solids separation. The resulting gas is subjected to quench/wet scrubbing with recycle hydrochloric acid solution formed in situ by absorption of HCl from the gas. Blowdown liquid withdrawn from the recycle acid liquor, may be recycled to the incinerator or further treated by neutralization, precipitation, and filtration of the precipitated toxic metals.

Abstract: A process and equipment for pyrolytic decomposition of chlorinated compounds in a molten metal bath in the absence of air to elemental products with recovery of the carbon and chlorine is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for regulating the combustion of solid fuels in a combustion plant is characterized in that the incompletely burned gases that are formed directly above the area of the combustion outlet are directed upward along the inner wall of the charge space, which runs between the charge space and the combustion chamber, and along the cover area of the charge space into the channels between the charge space outer wall and the furnace wall, as a down-draft, back to the fire bed.

Abstract: A process for incinerating solids, especially for burning rubbish in a combustion vessel comprising at least one combustion chamber and an after-burner chamber. Here, instead of secondary or tertiary air, water vapor under increased pressure is sprayed into the combustion vessel after the combustion gases have left the combustion chamber. Only primary air is supplied as the combustion air. In this manner and with the use of minimum quantities of combustion air, it is possible to increase the effectiveness of the overall process while at the same time reducing the emission of pollutants. It is also possible to feed back flue gas together with the water vapor, so that, for example, the maximum temperatures, the temperature reduction and the dwell times in the 1st and 2nd flue of the vessel can be easily set to the optima.

Abstract: A process and equipment for treating a solid or semi-solid waste by moving the waste across a surface of a reactive metal alloy in an oxygen deficient atmosphere and separating for recycling the resultant dissolved metals while feeding the resultant off gas containing hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon to a scrubber unit; venting gases to the air and recycling scrubber water through a filter to recover carbon for recycling.

Abstract: Hazardous waste is formed into non-hazardous non-leaching aggregate by introducing the material to a rotary kiln where the large solids are at least partially combusted to form a primary aggregate. Gaseous combustion by-products and waste fines from the waste materials are introduced into at least one oxidizer having water-cooled metal walls. Some of the waste fines are melted to form a molten slag-like material that is removed from the apparatus and cooled to form non-hazardous aggregate. The portion of the material in the oxidizer that is not melted, is cooled, neutralized and subjected to a solid gas separation. The solid is reintroduced to the oxidizer with the primary aggregate where they are either melted or entrained within the molten material and become an integral part of the non-hazardous aggregate.