Abstract: A fossil fuel air burner nozzle is provided with a wall (22) at its inlet, in which are apertures (34) which narrow in a direction radially outward of the nozzle. Each aperture is axially aligned with a respective bluff member (18) at the outlet so as to deliver thereto a fuel air mix flow at a velocity which is graded in said radial direction so as to ensure flame retention on the bluff members (18).

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved coal injection and coal feed system for use with a coal-fired firetube boiler. More specifically, the coal injection system of the present invention comprises an educator and a coal delivery tube. The coal feed system of the present invention comprises a coal hopper, gyratable bin, gyration device, discharge plenum and feed conveyor.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for burning combustible material are provided. The apparatus has a combustion chamber with an intake and an exhaust end, a means for injecting combustible material into the intake end of the chamber, a means for igniting the combustible material to generate a flame front, and a means for providing a variance in pressure in the chamber between the intake end and the ignition means, so that a flame front is held substantially stationary in the chamber adjacent the pressure variance means. In its most preferred mode, the apparatus and method may be used for burning energetic materials which, due to their highly volatile and reactive properties, present unique hazards above and beyond those encountered with less reactive non-energetic combustible materials.

Abstract: An improved pulverized coal burner that reduces the formation of nitrogen oxides. The coal burner includes fuel splitters that separate a mixture of primary air and coal into a plurality of streams while the mixture is discharged through a diffuser having a plurality of partially open areas and a plurality of blocked areas. After passing through the diffuser, the plurality of streams are discharged into a furnace to be burned. The plurality of partially open areas and blocked areas are created by removing sections of the diffuser and replacing the removed sections with fuel splitters. Creation of these discrete streams delays mixing with secondary air. Because primary air is supplied in sub-stoichiometric quantities, the coal in these split streams will be burned under fuel-rich conditions for the first 100 to 200 milliseconds of combustion, until the delayed mixing of secondary air occurs. Combustion in a fuel-rich environment retards formation of nitrogen oxides in two ways.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the formation of nitrogen oxides during combustion in a roof-fired furnace is disclosed. By blocking at least some of the fuel nozzles associated with a roof-fired burner while leaving open the secondary air openings associated with the blocked fuel nozzles, reduction in NOX emissions from roof-fired furnaces is accomplished. This blocking results in the creation of a localized fuel-rich or just slightly fuel-lean environment near open fuel nozzles because part of the secondary air needed for combustion is being added at a location distant from where the initial combustion occurs. By creating a localized fuel-rich or slightly fuel-lean environment near the open fuel nozzles, the initial stages of combustion occur with little or no excess oxygen present. Because much of the fuel-bound nitrogen is liberated during the initial stages of combustion, it will preferentially react to form molecular nitrogen rather than nitrogen oxides because of the lack of available oxygen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for feeding a reaction gas, such as oxygen or oxygen-enriched air to a flash smelting furnace through a concentrate burner, so that the gas is fed in around a pulverous material distribution channel located in the middle of the burner. Oxygen or oxygen-enriched air is fed into the reaction shaft through tubular channels in several separate gas jets, and the discharge velocity of the gas jets is adjusted.

Abstract: Pulverized coal and air flowing-in a coal nozzle are distributed for combustion with low NOX generation by a concentric central duct with long exterior spiraling vanes which extend upstream and attach to a support pipe extending further upstream in the nozzle. The space from the downstream end of the support pipe to the upstream end of the central duct, and the cross section of the pipe relative to the cross section of the central duct regulate the entry of coal and air into the central duct from which the flow emerges with reduced velocity as a central stream stabilizing the flame. The central duct also has an exterior short vane attached to each long vane to separate the pulverized fuel and air outerflow into fuel-enriched swirling streams and fuel-depleted recirculation zones.

Abstract: A distribution half-cone for a granular or pulverized fuel, typically coal, burner is mounted within a burner nozzle thereof proximate to a burner elbow of the burner to provide a space or gap between an inner wall of the burner nozzle and the outer surface of the distribution half-cone of approximately 3/16 inch to prevent fuel roping and to minimize the pressure drop in the burner. The inlet of the distribution half-cone is formed as a sharp edge nozzle to minimize pressure drop in the burner.

Abstract: A method for disposing of paper in an asphalt plant, comprising the steps of: a) providing a container for heating stone aggregate, providing in the container a burner for producing a flame to provide thermal energy for heating the stone aggregate in the container; b) providing a stream of air into the burner flame; c) introducing the paper into the stream of air, such that the paper is entrained in the stream of air, such that the stream of air having therein the entrained paper is introduced into the burner flame, and such that the paper is substantially incinerated in the container.

Abstract: An improved burner for partial oxidation process gas generators is provided which has annular passages formed between coaxially aligned conduits extending from upstream sources to the downstream reaction zone. An outer coolant jacket, internally baffled from optimum coolant flow and sized for minimum downstream area surrounds a recessed and fuel/oxidizer delivery conduit ending in a nozzle. The central delivery conduit is not attached to the coolant jacket and the annular space between them is connected to a high pressure supply of relatively inert gas which can periodically be vented through the annular space to prevent slag build up on the nozzle or coolant jacket.

Abstract: In a conventional air burner for combustion of pulverized coal having a back and a front, and a coal feeding tube for the pulverized coal extending from the back to the front, an oil igniter connected to the front of the burner, an oil feeding tube connected to the oil igniter, the oil igniter when fired ignites the oil projecting a starter flame at the front of the burner, the starter flame ignites a continuous supply of the pulverized coal conveyed to the starter flame at the front of the burner to create a pulverized coal fueled flame, an improvement wherein a metal tube for conveying a suspension of fine-grained coal in a liquid or aqueous slurry is inserted through the burner and extends from the back to the front and wherein the metal tube is attached to a nozzle oriented and adapted to spray the aqueous slurry into the pulverized coal fueled flame.

Abstract: A solid particulate fuel/air burner has opposing fluted members within a rectangular conduit which in operation forms a nozzle. Splitter plates with the fluted members define passages through which a particulate solid fuel and air flow to a combustion chamber. The passages so defined provide and control separate streams of the mix such that flame retention at the exit of the conduit is achieved and reduced NOx is produced and the gathering of ash in the conduit avoided by the obviation of recirculation of the products of combustion into the conduit.

Abstract: A mounting and linkage system for mounting an air or air-fuel discharge device for pivotal and axial movement relative to a furnace in a manner so that the device is isolated from the walls of the furnace. The system includes a linkage apparatus extending between the furnace walls and connected to the device for pivoting same.

Abstract: A burner assembly in which an annular passage is provided for transporting an fuel/air mixture to a furnace inlet. A conical divider member is disposed within the annular passage for dividing the stream of fuel/air passing through the passage into two radially-spaced coaxial, passages. A plurality of angularly-spaced walls are disposed within one of said passages for dividing the latter passage into a plurality of segments for splitting up fuel/air stream so that, upon ignition of said fuel, a plurality of flame patterns are formed. Ribs are provided on one of the surfaces defining the other passage to concentrate the fuel portion of the mixture flowing through said latter passage to form an additional flame pattern which is surrounded by the above-mentioned plurality of flame patterns.

Abstract: A burner assembly in which an annular passage is provided for transporting an fuel/air mixture to a furnace inlet. A conical divider member is disposed within the annular passage for dividing the stream of fuel/air passing through the passage into two radially-spaced coaxial, passagaes. A plurality of angularly-spaced walls are disposed within one of said passages for dividing the latter passage into a plurality of segments for splitting up fuel/air stream so that, upon ignition of said fuel, a plurality of flame patterns are formed. Ribs are provided on one of the surfaces defining the other passage to concentrate the fuel portion of the mixture flowing through said latter passage to form an additional flame pattern which is surrounded by the above-mentioned plurality of flame patterns.

Abstract: A burner for a rotary kiln consists of a central pipe (5) for introducing an oil or gas lance, a first concentric pipe (8) for introducing primary air and a second concentric pipe (1) for introducing a mixture of solid fuel and carrier air into the burning zone of the kiln. The pipes (5, 8 and 1) form mutually annular channels, the primary air channel being located inside the solid fuel/air channel and at its end facing the burning zone being provided with nozzles mounted parallel to the axis of the burner, the primary air streams from the nozzles drawing the particles of solid fuel towards the core of the flame in the burning zone to increase the combustion and to reduce the NO.sub.x -content in the kiln exhaust gases. The burner is provided with a heat exchanger (14, 18 and 20) surrounding the portion of the burner projecting into the kiln to cool the burner and to increase the primary air velocity during injection into the burning zone.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for combustion of carbon black enriched gaseous hydrocarbon fuels in which carbon black particles are entrained in a carrier fluid and injected through a center nozzle of a fluid injector into a combustion chamber, the fluid injector having an outer nozzle concentrically disposed around the center nozzle forming an annular chamber between the center nozzle and the outer nozzle through which at least a first portion of a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel is injected into a combustion chamber forming a carbon black enriched gaseous hydrocarbon fuel. The carbon black enriched gaseous hydrocarbon fuel is subsequently mixed with combustion air and burned producing a highly luminous flame.

Abstract: A burner for the combustion of a fuel plus air mixture comprises a central nozzle pipe having an inner surface with a portion which diverges outwardly. An axially moveable plug is positioned within the nozzle pipe and includes an outer wall with a diverging section extending within the diverging section of the nozzle pipe. By axially moving the plug, the cross sectional area of the space between the diverging surfaces increases and decreases for respectively decreasing and increasing the velocity of the fuel plus air mixture passing through the nozzle space. This reduces the formation of NO.sub.x and the length of the flame produced by the burner.

Abstract: A boiler furnace combustion system typically includes main burners disposed on side walls of or at corners of a square-barrel-shaped boiler furnace having a vertical axis, the burner axes being directed tangentially to an imaginary cylindrical surface coaxial to the furnace. Air nozzles are disposed in the boiler furnace at a level above the main burners, so that unburnt fuel left in a reducing atmosphere or a lower oxygen concentration atmosphere of a main burner combustion region can be perfectly burnt by additional air blown through the air nozzles. The present invention provides two groups of air nozzles disposed at higher and lower levels, respectively. The air nozzles at the lower level are provided at the corners of the boiler furnace with their axes directed tangentially to a second imaginary coaxial cylindrical surface having a larger diameter than the first imaginary coaxial cylindrical surface.

Abstract: Improvements in a fuel burner for a boiler comprising a first assembly (S.sub.1) for delivering into the boiler (3) a fuel stream, a second assembly (S.sub.2) for delivering into the boiler a stream of secondary air, a precombustion chamber (6) extended with a certain length (L.sub.2) into the combustion chamber (2) in the boiler (3) and a nozzle flameholder (14), opposite the outlet of the fuel stream, which flameholder supplies fluid jets (F) directed against said fluid stream in order to provide a circulation zone in said precombustion chamber (6); a third assembly (S.sub.3) is provided for delivering into the boiler a tertiary air stream which laps the inner walls of the precombustion chamber (6) and optionally there is provided a fourth assembly (S.sub.5) for delivering a quaternary air stream from outlets (23) of the precombustion chamber (6).

Abstract: A method for combusting fuel containing bound nitrogen to achieve reduced NO.sub.x emissions wherein the oxidant and fuel are injected separately into a combustion zone through a burner and the oxidant is injected with a momentum equal to at least three times the fuel stream momentum and at an angle equal to or greater than the sum of the angles of the fuel stream periphery and oxidant stream periphery with their respective centerlines.

Abstract: There is disclosed an oxygen heater, which uses a part of supplied oxygen as auxiliary combustion oxygen, a hot oxygen lance and a pulverized solid fuel burner, both having oxygen heaters. The oxygen heater (1) has a combustion chamber (4) for both mixing and burning fuel with the part of the supplied oxygen. An oxygen-jetting opening (8) is disposed around the combustion chamber. The oxygen jetted out of the opening forms a gas curtain between an internal wall (2) and a flame (10) produced in the combustion chamber, and is heated by the flame. Both the oxygen lance and the burner includes the above-mentioned oxygen heater.

Abstract: A burner for the firing of pulverized solvent refined coal is constructed and operated such that the solvent refined coal can be fired successfully without any performance limitations and without the coking of the solvent refined coal on the burner components. The burner is provided with a tangential inlet of primary air and pulverized fuel, a vaned diffusion swirler for the mixture of primary air and fuel, a center water-cooled conical diffuser shielding the incoming fuel from the heat radiation from the flame and deflecting the primary air and fuel steam into the secondary air, and a watercooled annulus located between the primary air and secondary air flows.

Abstract: Enhanced combustion of pulverized fuel in an oxy-fuel burner (10) is achieved by replacing the conventional pulverized fuel feed with a dense phase material flow transport system. This enables materials which would hitherto have been discarded as waste to be used as a viable energy source. In addition to greatly enhancing combustion the swirlers conventionally associated with the oxy-fuel burner (10) may be omitted.

Abstract: Burner for a suspension of fine-grained coal in a liquid, particularly water, which burner operates according to a combination of the rotary burner and toroidal burner principles. The fuel is supplied axially behind a transverse distribution baffle within a conical rotary body. At least the outer rim portion of the inner side of the rotary body forms an angle of 35.degree.-80.degree. with the axis of the burner. At the outer edge of the rotary body there is an annular air supply nozzle for supplying a conically diverging outwardly directed air stream. Outside the air supply nozzle and at a radial distance from it, there is a conical guide baffle (18, 48) which at its outer end may be curved inwardly and which, together with the diverging air stream, serves to produce a positive recirculation of combustion gases, non-combusted coal particles and ash particles in a direction back towards the rotary body in accordance with the toroidal burner principle.

Abstract: A method of reducing the NO.sub.x --emissions during combustion of nitrogen-containing fuels via burner units each including a primary burner and being arranged in a wall of a closed combustion chamber; fuel and air for combustion are supplied to the burner flame in stages as partial flows via delivery means which are separate from one another.

Abstract: A method of injecting burning resistant fuel into a blast furnace, which includes the steps of supplying a hot blast air having a temperature of at least 810.degree. C. into a blast furnace, injecting the burning resistant fuel into the hot blast air, and injecting a gas fuel into the hot blast air independently of injection of the burning resistant fuel. The gas fuel is supplied to an outer peripheral area of the burning resistant fuel. The injection of the gas fuel is in a proportion of at least 2% of the injection of the burning resistant fuel in terms of calorific value.

Abstract: An adapter to permit an oil burner head to burn pulverized coal alone or in combination with other fuels features a manifold in the form of a mirrored pair of scrolls forming a part of the burner head. The interiors of the scrolls are divided into separate coal and air passages which open into the primary air passage of the burner head through outlets uniformly circularly disposed thereabout.

Abstract: The invention relates to burners for the gasification of pulverized coal--injected in a dense phase--with steam and oxygen, and it can be employed for coal gasification in the chemical industry. Objects of the present invention are to increase the reliability in operation of the burner and to improve the quality of the gas obtained from the gasification process. The burner should be designed in such a way that a reliable operation is attained under the conditions of the gasification process (e. g. high pressures and temperatures within the gasifier). The design of the pulverized-coal feeding device, the water-cooled jacket and the swirl chamber according to the invention are described in detail.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner especially useful in a system for pulverizing and burning solid fuel, such as coal or other fossil fuel, that is characterized by a possible turndown ratio of up to at least fifteen to one. The burner includes a valved firing nozzle having a firing conduit with firing orifice and internal turbulating means for a mixture of primary air and pulverized solid fuel, and a controlled secondary air supply. A movable valve element, preferably in the form of a double-taper-ended diffuser positioned downstream from the firing orifice, controls the outflow of a turbulent stream of the mxied primary air and fuel from the firing orifice into an ignition chamber and controls flame shape.

Abstract: A dual fuel burner for a furnace having a tubular housing with upstream and downstream ends and a coaxially disposed ignition chamber terminating in a discharge opening at the downstream end of the housing. A high volatility fuel is ignited within the ignition chamber and the resulting flame passes through the discharge opening. A plurality of pulverized solid fuel conduits surround the ignition chamber and extend from the upstream end to the downstream end of the housing where they discharge the fuel in close proximity to the discharge opening of the ignition chamber. An air intake supplies air to the downstream end of the housing, and a bulkhead is disposed between the air intake and the upstream end of the housing preventing air from flowing towards the upstream end. The air flowing through the downstream end flows out of the housing in a generally annular pattern between the flame issuing from the discharge opening and the solid fuel discharged from the conduits.

Abstract: A powdered coal burner used for directly heating an object to be heated, particularly iron scrap, in a heating vessel. The burner is composed of an oxygen nozzle, a powdered coal nozzle, an air nozzle, disposed concentrically from the center, and a cone which is provided at the end of the opening part of the oxygen nozzle in such a way as to disperse oxygen in a radial direction and burn powdered coal. The burner burns with shortened length of flame, and temperature of the flame is not excessively high.

Abstract: Various embodiments of apparatus and methods are disclosed for the conversion of steam boilers from being oil fired to coal and natural gas fired without adversely affecting the normal power density of the boilers or the emission pollution therefrom. In some cases even the resultant coal ash can be modified by injecting a powdered catalyst or phosphate slimes into the flame to produce a fertilizer ash having desirable minerals to enhance the economic value thereof.Basically all embodiments include a swirling coal-air mixture directed along a path to form a sheath and a swirling gas-air mixture internally thereof with the swirling of the latter being in the same direction and fortifying the motion of the former. A gas-air mixture, swirling or non-swirling, may be supplied outwardly of such sheath to enhance the more complete burning of the coal-air mixture.

Abstract: A method for combusting slagging coal in a furnace comprising a firebox and at least one injection nozzle having a bore for a primary airstream and an annular passage for a secondary airstream, the nozzle communicating with the firebox, which method comprises (a) injecting a primary airstream containing a pulverized coal and injecting a secondary airstream through the injection nozzle into the flame zone of the furnace firebox, the combined primary and secondary airstream composing the total air for combustion and combusting the coal to yield a flame of combustion, and (b) injecting a sufficient amount of oxygen into the primary airstream such that an oxygen enriched primary airstream emanates from the injection nozzle and the oxygen concentration of the total air for combustion is about 22 to 27 volume percent, whereby the amount of slag deposition is reduced.

Abstract: A steam generator for burning a normally-solid fuel which produces non-combustible solid residues, including, an elongated combustion chamber, a fuel introduction means to introduce fuel adjacent the axis of the combustion chamber as a centrally-disposed stream moving in a downstream direction, a combustion-supporting gas introduction means for introducing the gas as an annular, rotating stream about the fuel stream and which, together with the fuel introduction means forms a rotating, toroidal vortex of the fuel and the combustion-supporting gas moving in a downstream direction. The combustion chamber has a volume sufficient to burn all of the fuel and, together with the fuel introduction means and the combustion-supporting gas introduction means, cause the vortex to collapse and form plug flow thereafter. Water introduction means introduces water into the flue gas at the downstream end of the combustion chamber as a plurality of peripherally-arranged jets.

Abstract: A burner for use in burning granulated solid fuel including a burner head having a combustion chamber and inlet and outlet openings at opposite ends thereof communicated with the combustion chamber. Means is provided to deliver granulated solid fuel to the inlet opening and means is provided for delivering primary combustion air to the inlet opening. The primary combustion air is preheated by passing along the burner head prior to entry to the inlet opening and a pilot assembly in the combustion chamber maintains a constant pilot during turndown of the burner. A retention barrier in the combustion chamber retains fuel particles larger than a predetermined size in the combustion chamber to insure complete incineration thereof.

Abstract: Various embodiments of apparatus and methods are disclosed for the conversion of steam boilers from being oil fired to coal and natural gas fired without adversely affecting the normal power density of the boilers or the emission pollution therefrom. In some cases even the resultant coal ash can be modified by injecting a powdered catalyst or phosphate slimes into the flame to produce a fertilizer ash having desirable minerals to enhance the economic value thereof.Basically all embodiments include a swirling coal-air mixture directed along a path to form a sheath and a swirling gas-air mixture internally thereof with the swirling of the latter being in the same direction and fortifying the motion of the former. A gas-air mixture, swirling or non-swirling, may be supplied outwardly of such sheath to enhance the more complete burning of the coal-air mixture.

Abstract: A process and a means is described for burning solid fuels, preferably coal, in pulverized form, which are mixed with a carrier liquid, such as water and/or oil or the like, to thereby form an emulsion, and for this purpose the fuel emulsion is injected through a substantially annular entrance port into a combustion chamber so that an approximately hollow cone-shaped flow configuration is produced. Within this flow configuration, a low pressure is built up immediately behind the entrance port for the fuel emulsion opening into the combustion chamber, so that a portion of hot combustion gases and a remainder of unburnt fuel particles are recirculated to the entrance port. Furthermore, gas entrance ports are provided in the end wall of the combustion chamber, through which the gas or air flows the path of flow of which extends concentrically and spirally towards the axis of the entrance port for the fuel emulsion opening into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Wood-waste products, such as wood shavings, wood chips and sawdust, are burned in an apparatus having a waste burner comprising an elongated cylinder in which fuel and air are mixed and ignited before entering an enlarged combustion chamber. The waste burner is characterized by an elongated cylinder having a length substantially larger than its diameter so that the fuel can be heated to a temperature sufficient to pyrolyze volatiles and initiate combustion in the cylinder. A wood-waste burner apparatus is also provided and comprises the waste burner of the invention and a combustion chamber for receiving unburned fuel and combustion products emanating from the burner. A process for burning wood-waste products is also provided. The invention is especially well suited for retrofitting packaged boilers to accommodate wood-waste fuels.

Abstract: Various embodiments of apparatus and methods are disclosed for the conversion of steam boilers from being oil fired to coal and natural gas fired without adversely affecting the normal power density of the boilers or the emission pollution therefrom. In some cases even the resultant coal ash can be modified by injecting a powdered catalyst or phosphate slimes into the flame to produce a fertilizer ash having desirable minerals to enhance the economic value thereof.Basically all embodiments include a swirling coal-air mixture directed along a path to form a sheath and a swirling gas-air mixture internally thereof with the swirling of the latter being in the same direction and fortifying the motion of the former. A gas-air mixture, swirling or non-swirling, may be supplied outwardly of such sheath to enhance the more complete burning of the coal-air mixture.

Abstract: A method and device for obtaining, upon injection, flash evaporation of a liquid in a slurry fuel to aid in ignition and combustion. The device is particularly beneficial for use of coal-water slurry fuels in internal combustion engines such as diesel engines and gas turbines, and in external combustion devices such as boilers and furnaces. The slurry fuel is heated under pressure to near critical temperature in an injector accumulator, where the pressure is sufficiently high to prevent boiling. After injection into a combustion chamber, the water temperature will be well above boiling point at a reduced pressure in the combustion chamber, and flash boiling will preferentially take place at solid-liquid surfaces, resulting in the shattering of water droplets and the subsequent separation of the water from coal particles.

Abstract: A boiler-heating assembly of a power plant has a fire chamber bounded by four vertical walls each supporting two main burners and two associated ignition burners. Each ignition burner has a cylindrical open-ended chamber with a central pipe terminating in an oil nozzle, a double-walled nozzle tube whose interspace optionally carries a mixture of air with brown-coal dust or oil set in rotation by a tangential feed, and a blower driving air axially through the chamber in an inner and an outer air stream separated by the double-walled nozzle. An annular baffle on the oil nozzle has a solid frustoconical rear surface deflecting the inner air stream radially outward across the air/fuel mixture exiting from the interspace and into contact with the outer air stream, both air streams corotating with that mixture.

Abstract: A system for pulverizing and burning solid fuel, such as coal or other fossil fuel, characterized by a possible turndown ratio of up to at least fifteen to one, includes a unique pulverizer capable of both impact and autogenous pulverizing of the fuel so that about 80% will be no more than 40 microns in size, and a unique burner which includes a valved firing nozzle having a firing conduit with firing orifice and internal turbulating means for a mixture of primary air and pulverized solid fuel, and a controlled secondary air supply. A movable valve element, preferably in the form of a double-taper-ended diffuser positioned downstream from the firing orifice, controls outflow of a turbulent stream of the mixed primary air and fuel from the firing orifice into an ignition chamber and controls flame shape.

Abstract: A process and burner for the partial combustion of a finely divided solid fuel, wherein coal and oxygen is supplied to a reactor space via a central coal passage and a plurality of inwardly inclined oxygen outlet passages supply oxygen. Each oxygen jet is surrounded by a shield of a moderate gas from an annular passage, preventing premature contact of free oxygen with reactor gas and the premature escape of solid fuel, broken-up by the oxygen jet from the break-up zone.

Abstract: A method for generating steam by a high pressure, high intensity, or high heat release method of combustion in an elongated combustion zone having upstream and downstream ends and an intermediate location and utilizing a normally-solid fuel which produces non-combustible solid residues in which the fuel is introduced axially and a volume of air, at least equal to the stoichiometric amount, is introduced as an annular, rotating stream to produce a rotating vortex of fuel and air, such introduction and flow through the combustion zone being carried out in a manner to collapse the vortex and create plug flow at the intermediate location, burning the fuel and air to produce flue gas at a heat release rate of at least 7 MM Btu/hr, abruptly terminating combustion by the introduction of water, vaporizing the water to produce a mixture of flue gas and steam, and separating solid residues therefrom.

Abstract: A method of igniting a pulverized-coal pilot-burner flame for a pulverized-coal annular burner flame having an internal back flow region, with the ignition energy being introduced centrally into the interior of the back flow region of the pulverized-coal annular burner flame. To ignite the pilot-burner flame during the process of the initial ignition, at constant primary and secondary air flow and an air coefficient .lambda.--1.1 to 0.4, once or more a powder-laden air/powder mixture is supplied to the pilot-burner at a powder-laden air/powder weight ratio of 1.0 to 0.2. After ignition has been effected, a specified coal flow is continuously added to the pilot-burner flame at the fixed air coefficient .lambda.--1.1 to 0.4.

Abstract: A method is described for burning pulverized high ash coal in a furnace firebox and reducing ash fines which comprises(a) injecting a primary airstream containing a pulverized coal which is at least 7 wt % ash and a secondary airstream into the flame zone of a furnace firebox and combusting the coal to yield a flame of combustion, and(b) injecting a sufficient amount of oxygen into the flame zone via the secondary airstream such that the oxygen concentration of the combined primary and secondary airstreams is between 21 to about 28 vol %.In a preferred embodiment, the oxygen enrichment addition is proportioned between the primary and the secondary air streams.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner apparatus is provided for burning low density, low mass fibrous fuels such as paper waste and biomass. The burner includes a combustion chamber having a solid fuel and primary air nozzle attached to one end thereof for directing pulverized solid fuel and air into the combustion chamber. The solid fuel and primary air nozzle has a spinning mechanism for spinning the solid fuel and air into the combustion chamber in one direction of rotation. A secondary air input is provided for feeding secondary air into the combustion chamber and includes means to spin the secondary air from the secondary air input into the combustion chamber in a direction opposite in rotation to the direction of rotation of the solid fuel and primary air. A gas fuel input has a flame disk and is positioned to feed gas into the combustion chamber in the center portion of the solid fuel and primary air nozzle to create additional stability in the combustion of the solid fuel in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A new and improved burner for pulverized coal comprises a tubular nozzle for containing a primary, flowing stream of coal/air mixture having an outlet for discharging the stream into a combustion zone of a furnace. A venturi is mounted in the nozzle having a convergent section, a throat, and divergent flow section adjacent the outlet. The convergent section concentrates the pulverized coal toward a central portion of the flowing stream in the throat of the venturi. A conical flow spreader is mounted in the divergent section and includes a hollow, open outer end.

Abstract: In a method for the ignition of a fuel dust power burner, in which the ignition energy is provided by a fuel dust pilot burner, for example for the ignition of a coal dust burner with a coal dust igniting flame, the ignition performance of the igniting flame is not adequate in some cases. In order to increase the ignition performance, so as also to be able to ignite the flames of high-powered power burners, it is proposed that, after ignition of the igniting flame to which coal dust and air are supplied by respective tube, a mixture of additional igniting coal dust supplied by way of a further tube and air is conducted to this flame by way of the power fuel dust tube, and then the power fuel dust is supplied along the power fuel dust tube.