Abstract: The invention relates to a device for forming aerosol, the device comprising at least one gas-dispersing atomizer for atomizing a liquid into aerosol by means of gas at an atomizing head of the atomizer and an atomizing chamber, which is in flow connection with the atomizing head and in which flow restraints are arranged for changing the hydrodynamic properties of the aerosol flow discharging from the atomizing head. According to the present invention the flow restraints are arranged in the inner walls of the atomizing chamber in such a manner that they protrude from the inner walls to the inside of the atomizing chamber.

Abstract: There are provided a thermal spraying method and a thermal spraying apparatus therefore, in which a gas shroud is disposed in an HVOF thermal spraying gun barrel, the velocity of metallic particles is energized and accelerated with respect to the metallic particle to be thermally sprayed from the gun, and inert gas is supplied into the space defined inside of the shroud through a circumferential slit formed in such a manner as to shield the metallic particles from the atmosphere so as to collide with the surface of a base member, thereby forming a thermally sprayed dense film having a small oxygen content without overheating the base plate by an HVOF method.

Abstract: A pneumatic seasoning system and method utilizing a rotating drum for seasoning, a funnel-fed pneumatic eductor, line splitters, and a plurality of specially-designed swirl-inducing nozzle spools for inducing a broad and even seasoning plume. In a preferred embodiment, a pneumatic seasoning system transports seasoning from a seasoning hopper to food items within a rotating drum using a combination of an eductor and four in-line vacuum generators, which vacuum generators operate on compressed air. Each vacuum generator comprises a distributing nozzle roughly shaped like a collared spool, wherein compressed air is supplied to the annular region defined between the spool and its collar, and said compressed air exits through swirl ports distributed about the circumference of the spool exit. Each swirl port preferably has a pitch angle of 15° and a yaw angle of 15°.

Abstract: A roofing shingle has low density granules adhered to at least a headlap region on a front surface of the roof shingle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for applying for a flowable material, especially a particulate material, in individual superimposed layers across a support (50), the flowable material being first filled from a stationary feed station (10) into a storage container (24) of an application device. In the application device (30), which travels back and forth across the support, the flowable material is distributed inside the storage container across the entire length of the device and is then metered through a slot into a metering shaft in such a manner that the filling level in the metering shaft remains constant during application of the flowable material from the metering shaft onto the support.

Abstract: A powder spraycoating method and powder spraycoating equipment. A dense phase powder pump is used. According to a predetermined conveying-air function in a control unit, different rates of compressed conveying air can be defined for different powder rates. In one predetermined total-air function in the control unit, the sum of total-air rate composed of the rate of compressed conveying air and of the rate of supplemental compressed air can be kept constant even if the rate of compressed conveying air changes.

Abstract: Method and system for moving a frozen adhesive particle towards a target body, comprising launching means (13) which are arranged to launch the particle (2) in its frozen form towards the target body (3, 4) via a movement path (14) through a gap (15) between the launching means and the target body. The medium in the gap may have a temperature above the adhesive particle's melting temperature. The launching means may be arranged to launch the particle at a high speed. The launching means and the target body may have a geometry causing that the movement path is substantially vertical or substantially horizontal.

Abstract: A method and device for providing a substrate (10) with a coating layer (13) of a polymeric material, comprising the steps: a) a pulverous, polymeric material (2) is suspended (1) in a fluid (3), b) the fluid (3) is pressurised (5), c) the pressurised suspension is ejected (16) onto the substrate (10) to form the coating layer (13), d) the polymeric material is, during any one of steps a)-c), heated (4, 6, 11) to a temperature above its softening temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of, and a nozzle arrangement for, spraying cold gas. The nozzle arrangement has a first nozzle and a second nozzle, which is arranged within the first nozzle. The first nozzle is fed a gas which optionally contains particles. The second nozzle is fed a particle-containing gas. The particles are applied to a surface of the substrate by means of the gases.

Abstract: A tumble breading system for applying a breading material to a food includes a housing designating an internal clean area, and an infeed belt for conveying the breading material and the food, arranged across the infeed belt in an infeed order, into the clean area. A rotary assembly with a plurality of vertically offset, rotating tumblers accepts and tumbles the food with the breading material as the tumblers rotate, to bread the food. An output belt accepts the breaded food from the tumblers and conveys the breaded foods from the clean area and the housing. The food arrives at the output belt in substantially the infeed order.

Abstract: A cold spray apparatus is provided that includes a nozzle having a converging section and a diverging terminal section. A gas supply meters a majority by atomic percent helium gas to the nozzle at an incident gas temperature of less than 30° Celsius and at an incident velocity of between 2 and 6 MPa. A particulate feeder provides ductile material particulate having a mean x-y-z axially averaged linear dimension of between 0.9 and 95 microns to the nozzle. A composition is also provided that includes a substrate and a coating of ductile metal. The coating has a void density of less than 1% by volume, and an average domain size of between 0.9 and 95 microns. The coating has a compressive residual stress.

Abstract: A method and a printing device (6) for decorating glass or ceramic items, wherein a pigment layer (3) is sandwiched between two glass frit layers (2, 4), wherein at least the pigment formulation layer (3) and the upper glass frit formulation layer (4) are, or can be, imprinted by an inkjet printing process.

Abstract: Two sprayer units are arranged along a conveyer. A coating surface of a panel conveyed by the conveyer is divided into four coating areas. Then, the sprayer units reciprocate parallel to the conveying direction and coat the individual coating areas. At this time, at the boundaries of the coating areas, the positions of the turning paths for reciprocation of the sprayer units are shifted from the front side to the rear side in the conveying direction and step-like coating trajectories are formed. As a result, the size of the area coated by each of the sprayer units can be expanded.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) to disperse particles (12) onto a surface (46). To this aim, the device comprises a container (20) for the particles to be dispersed having at least one scatter opening (22) to dispend particles, a roller like distributing element (30) with a curved surface (36), and means (32) with which the roller like distributing element can be brought into vibration in longitudinal direction, such that particles (12) will be moved out of the scatter opening (22) over the curved surface (36) downwardly in the direction of the surface to be sprinkled.

Abstract: A coating powder filtration system containing a fluidizing unit to fluidize coating powder upstream of a powder outlet.

Abstract: A strand is coated with a powdered material by first applying a layer of hot polymer resin to the strand, and spraying the powdered material onto the resin-coated strand from at least three nozzles disposed along the processing path and spaced radially therearound. The spray apparatus is disposed within nested containers so as to limit the escape of overspray powder. The powder-coated strand may be heat-set to increase the adhesion of the powder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of modifying a surface of a glass product. The method comprises conveying particles to the surface of the glass, a material contained in the particles being at least partly dissolved and diffused in the glass. The method comprises a step of heating the surface of the glass. The invention further relates to an apparatus for modifying a surface of a hot glass product. The invention still further relates to glass products wherein the content of an element which provides the glass with a functionality decreases steplessly upon proceeding from the surface of the glass deeper into the glass.

Abstract: A powder spray for lengthy parts includes a booth wall structure comprised primarily of doors. A moveable roof may be raised and lowered to clean powder overspray from the interior surfaces of the booth. A cleaning process may be performed with a sideways extraction mode and a downward extraction mode. The mode change occurs when a bulkhead that travels with the moveable roof blocks the inlet duct to the recovery system. The recovery system may be a cyclone system for example. The doors of the booth are hinged so that they can be positioned for spraying operations and cleaning operations. Live hinge designs are provided and hose stress relief designs are also provided. The roof may carry accumulators for pressurized air that feed cleaning nozzles as the roof descends. In addition, exhaust air may be used to assist cleaning the interior surfaces as the roof descends. All of the energy provided for cleaning and color change may be provided by accumulators.

Abstract: In a method for the cold-gas spraying of particles having different solidities and/or ductilities and in a cold-gas spraying device (11) suitable for use in with the method, in order to obtain a comparatively high proportion of particles (23) having higher solidity and/or smaller ductility in comparison to the other particles (22), these particles are fed into an area (21) of the stagnation chamber (15) of the cold-gas spraying device which is very distant from the nozzle (14). Advantageously, the particles (23) have to cover a longer course through the stagnation chamber and are thus preheated. In this way, the deposition of these particles (23) on a substrate (25) is improved. Particularly metals having a transition temperature ranging between brittle and ductile behaviour can be provided with ductile properties by the preheating process, thereby simplifying the deposition process.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying and fusing a powder coating to substrates of various composition uses two lasers to accurately heat the coating to the optimum temperature. A second laser has less power and heats a smaller area than the first laser. Temperature control is enhanced by the ability to superheterodyne two lasers at separate frequencies. This allows for better absorption of certain materials being fused by the laser. Another common problem associated with laser processing occurs as the polymer heats up. During the heating process the spectral lines are Doppler broadened and slightly shifted. This can affect the absorption of a laser of a fixed wavelength. With the present invention, the optimum laser frequency can be turned to a more optimum frequency for absorption still with sufficient power for fast efficient thermal processing.

Abstract: A coating powder feed unit containing a powder pump which in a suction operating mode aspirates coating powder into a powder chamber (30) and in a pressure operating mode expels coating powder by means of compressed air out of the powder chamber (30). Said unit includes a pressure tester (64) measuring the compressed air pressure and generating a test signal based on the measured compressed air pressure.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the deposition of a source material (10) are disclosed. An atomizer (12) renders a supply of source material (10) into many discrete particles. A force applicator (14) propels the particles in continuous, parallel streams of discrete particles. A collimator (16) controls the direction of flight of the particles in the stream prior to their deposition on a substrate (18). In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the viscosity of the particles may be controlled to enable complex depositions of non-conformal or three-dimensional surfaces. The invention also includes a wide variety of substrate treatments which may occur before, during or after deposition. In yet another embodiment of the invention, a virtual or cascade impactor may be employed to remove selected particles from the deposition stream.

Abstract: A fluidized bed apparatus includes a fluidizing container, a porous plate, a lower spray nozzle, a bag filter, an upper spray nozzle, a backwash nozzle, and a backwash nozzle elevator. The fluidizing container is formed in an inverted truncated conical cylindrical shape. The porous plate is provided so as to block a lower opening of the fluidizing container. The lower spray nozzle jets out air into the fluidizing container via the porous plate. The bag filter is provided at an upper opening of the fluidizing container. The upper spray nozzle sprays spray liquid downward. The backwash nozzle sweeps away powder particulates adhered to the bag filter by jetting out air from the outside of the bag filter toward the inside and is moved up and down by the backwash nozzle elevator. The fluidizing container may be vibrated by a vibrator.

Abstract: A cold spray apparatus having a powder preheating device, capable of obtaining high deposition rate and excellent coating layer under the same spray processing conditions by preheating coating powder before a coating process. Also, a manufacturing method of nano-structured super-high hardness WC—Co coating having high abrasive wear resistance and fracture toughness obtained by spraying WC—Co powder using the cold spray apparatus. In the cold spray apparatus, a gas controller controls gas supply amount of main gas and residual gas (gas that is not supplied toward the main gas), and a gas heater heats the main gas supplied under the control of the gas controller. A powder feeder receives the residual gas under the control of the gas controller and supplies a coating powder together with the residual gas. A powder preheating device preheats the coating powder supplied from the powder feeder, and a mixing chamber mixes the heated main gas with the preheated coating powder.

Abstract: A composite structure formation method based on an aerosol deposition method by which an aerosol with brittle material fine particles dispersed in a gas is sprayed toward a substrate to form a structure made of the brittle material fine particles, the composite structure formation method includes: storing a plurality of controlled particles in a storage mechanism, the controlled particle being an assembly packed with a plurality of particles including the brittle material fine particles; supplying the controlled particles from the storage mechanism to an aerosolation mechanism; disaggregating the supplied controlled particles in the aerosolation mechanism to form an aerosol; and spraying the aerosol toward the substrate to form a composite structure having the structure and the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of powder materials coatings, in particular the introduction of material powder particles in a pulse mode to the surface layers of production. The invention can be used in various industries to give the surface specific physical and chemical characteristics, as well as for causing spot-markers on the surface of the production with the aim of their further identification, including new developed DNA-methods. The method proposed here is the method of causing markers on the surface Gasodynamically, which is described further: disperse gas powder dredge by supersonic gas jet in the booster channel and subsequent causing the powder from the gas powder dredge on the surface that is to be marked. At the same time the supersonic gas jet is supplied to the boost channel from the supersonic nozzle, in which the compressed gas is supplied from the source of gas.

Abstract: The device for varnishing metallic elements (1) comprises support means of the metallic elements (1) to be varnished through powdered varnish and dispensing means of the powdered varnish through a screen printing plate (5), foreseeing rotation means (6) of the screen printing plate about a rotation axis and translation means (7) of the rotation means (6) to give said screen printing plate (5) a roto-translation motion with respect to the metallic elements (1) to be varnished. The process for varnishing metallic elements through powdered varnish consists of keeping each metallic element in suspended position during the deposition on one or more of its faces of at least one layer of powdered varnish after having been made to pass through a screen printing plate.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a composite structure body is provided which forms structure body having the constitution in which the crystals of more than one type of brittle material are dispersed and having novel properties without involving a heating/sintering process. The apparatus includes an aerosol generator configured to generate an aerosol. The aerosol is generated through dispersing fine particles of more than one type of brittle material, or dispersing composite fine particles, in a gas. The apparatus also includes a nozzle configured to spray the aerosol, a classifier configured to classify the brittle material fine particles in the aerosol, and a disintegrating machine for disintegrating agglomerations of the brittle material fine particles in the aerosol. The composite structure body is manufactured in reduced pressure conditions by bombarding a substrate with the aerosol at a high velocity, whereby at least one of crystals and microstructures of said brittle materials are dispersed.

Abstract: The cold spraying process according to the invention uses cold gas streams whose properties (temperature (T), particle density (?), pressure (p), particle velocity (v)) are variably changed such that they can be adapted to the desired properties of the coatings.

Abstract: An aerosol spray apparatus and a method of forming a film using the aerosol spray apparatus are disclosed. The aerosol spray apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes: a carrier gas injection unit, which forms carrier gas by vaporizing liquefied gas and increases the pressure of the carrier gas; an aerosol forming unit, which forms an aerosol by mixing the carrier gas with powder; and a film forming unit, which sprays the aerosol in a normal pressure environment such that the film is formed on the surface of the board. The apparatus can perform a coating process with no restriction of the type and size of powder, simplify the process because the film can be formed in a normal temperature and pressure environment, and control a wide range of film thickness in a short time.

Abstract: A powder metal cladding nozzle which is coaxially attached to a laser processing head that irradiates a process portion (W) with a laser beam (L) and that discharges powder metal (P) to a laser beam irradiation portion in the process portion (W). The powder metal cladding nozzle includes a body portion (2) that has a ring-shaped powder metal holding space (7) in which the powder metal (P) is held; and a nozzle portion (3) that is connected to the body portion (2) and that has plural discharge passages (18) which are communicated with the powder metal holding space (7) and which open at an outlet (19) for discharging the powder metal (P). The powder metal holding space (7) is formed in the body portion (2) and is divided into plural powder metal holding regions corresponding to plural supply passages (10) that open into the powder metal holding space (7) and that supply the powder metal (P) to the powder metal holding space (7).

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a spray apparatus and a method useful in the repair of coating adhered to can ends used in the food and beverage packaging industries. The spray apparatus has one or more elongated shafts rotatably coupled to a frame. One or more bearing members are rotatably coupled to the shafts. One or more plates are rotatably coupled to the bearing members. One or more spray guns are coupled to the plates. The spray guns of the spray apparatus are structured to apply fluid to the can end with a solid stream emitted from the spray guns in a circular pattern. A method for the repair of coating adhered on a can end is provided as well.

Abstract: A process for forming an article, such as a combustion chamber liner, comprises the steps of providing a mandrel formed from a material, such as an aluminum containing material, having a net shape of the article to be made, depositing a powdered metal material onto the mandrel without melting the powdered metal material, and removing the material forming the mandrel to leave a free standing monolithic article. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the powdered metal material comprises powdered GRCop-84. Alternatively, the powdered metal material may be GRCop-42.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for forming a composite membrane with a porous coating layer. At first, a filling process is carried out to fill the pores of a porous substrate with a liquid. Next, a raw material is transformed into melt or incomplete melt droplets by a heating source and the droplets are sprayed to the surface of the porous substrate filled with the liquid. The liquid is evaporated by the high temperature droplets and plasma flame to become vapor and the vapor breaks through the droplets to have the droplets sputter into different blocks to thereby form random and dispersed flat particles after cooled. Flat particles are formed and stacked continuously so as to form a composite membrane with a porous coating layer. Moreover, the invention provides an apparatus for forming a composite membrane with a porous coating layer.

Abstract: The invention concerns a spray nozzle for a powder duster for dusting freshly printed products with a connection for a tube for supplying a powder-air mixture, a distribution chamber and at least two nozzle channels which branch off from the distribution chamber like a fan, wherein the opening angle of the outer nozzle channels limiting the fan subtends an angular range of 5° to 20°, in particular an angular range of 8° to 15°, and preferably 12°. The invention also concerns a spray bar with spray nozzles of this type, a powder duster comprising spray nozzles of this type, and a method for dusting freshly printed products.

Abstract: A powder supply system for a powder-coating installation, especially a parts painting installation using electrostatic powder, according to the invention, comprises a tank designed to contain the powder, means for feeding powder into the tank, means for injecting compressed air into the bottom of the tank in order to fluidize the powder, and an exit pipe in which the powder is entrained by the air from the tank, this pipe being connected to at least one powder using device situated at a distance, in particular a spray gun. The system also includes means for reducing the pressure in the tank below that of the feed means in order to fill the tank with powder.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method of preparing fiber preforms disperses fibers and binder on a forming support surface such that the materials are conditioned and then applied to the surface where the composite material solidifies. Reinforcing material, such as fiber, is mixed with binder, such as thermoplastic or thermoset materials, so that the materials adhere. Then, the adhesive mixture is dispersed in a controlled pre-determined weight ratio on the support surface where the mixture sticks to the support surface, cools and solidifies. The deposited mixture can be an open mat having interstices between fibers. The deposited mixture can also be shaped further into a final desired shape before complete solidification. This method eliminates the need for solvents and their associated problems. The process does not require a vacuum or plenum system to hold the reinforcing material in place.

Abstract: The invention, in various embodiments, is directed to machines related methods for automatedly coating a sample with a particulate. In some embodiments, the sample is a food product, such as poultry, and the particulate includes a seasoning, such as salt.

Abstract: An apparatus for the manufacture of an air laid web in which individual cellulose fibers or textile fibers or their blends can be conveyed and distributed by air uniformly to any desired width onto a forming zone composed of either a foraminous screen or a fibrous polymer matrix on top of a consolidating vacuum box.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an installation for coating, especially painting, articles. The inventive method is characterized by filling nonabrasive powder containers with the powdery coating material and transporting the containers to the vicinity of an application device. The powder containers are opened only in the vicinity of the application device and the powder is removed and then released by the application device onto the article to be coated. The invention allows to substantially avoid dirtying of the transport paths that the powder containers are transported on, thereby eliminating the need for cleaning when the coating material is changed, especially when the coating powder is changed.

Abstract: Sprinkling head (2) for sprinkling powder (4) on a glass plate (6). The sprinkling head comprises a frame (8) and one or more delivering devices (16) for delivering a powder to the transparent plate. The one or more delivering devices are mechanically coupled to the frame and comprise: a container (17) for containing a pigmented powder; an outlet unit (20) for delivering the power onto the transparent plate, the outlet unit comprising an opening (22) through which the powder is delivered onto the transparent plate; a vibratable feed channel (26) for feeding the powder from the container to the outlet unit when the feed channel is in a vibrational state, in which state the feed channel vibrates with respect to the frame so that the powder is sprinkled, via the opening, onto the plate, and an actuator (28) for bringing the feed channel into the vibrational state.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing elongated sheet material through a plurality of processing stations including a cooling station for lowering the temperature of the sheet material. The cooling station includes a plurality of individually controllable cooling zones each for controlling a portion of the transverse width of the sheet material during passage through the cooling zone. The cooling zones each include a plurality of cooling fluid directing spray nozzles and a sensor for sensing the temperature of the portion of the sheet material onto which cooling fluid has been directed by the respective cooling zone. A controller responsive to the temperature sensed at each cooling zone is operable for independently controlling the flow of cooling fluid to the fluid spray nozzles of each cooling zone based upon a preset temperature setting of the controller.

Abstract: A composite structure forming apparatus adapted to ejecting and causing an aerosol generated by scattering brittle material fine particles in a gas to collide with a substrate at high speed to form a structure made of the brittle material. The apparatus includes an aerosol generator for generating the aerosol, a nozzle for ejecting the aerosol, a shredder for shredding the brittle particles cohering in the aerosol and preventing cohesion of the brittle material fine particles, and a classifier for classifying the brittle material fine particles in the aerosol. The apparatus also includes a pretreatment device for creating internal strain in the brittle material fine particles, and a position control device for controlling the position of the nozzle relative to the substrate. The apparatus further includes a container having a sieve and a vibration device, and one or more of these components may be associated with the aerosol generator.

Abstract: In a method for coating at least the top of moving food products 100 with at least one layer of a free-flowing particulate coating material, coating material is poured from a storage container 60 over the moving food products. During the pouring, the coating material is partially segregated into coarse coating material 90 and relatively fine coating material, and substantially coarse coating material 90 is applied to the moving food products 100 first, followed by relatively fine coating material.

Abstract: A powder coating apparatus is provided with: a coating booth, wherein a work to be coated is moved by a conveyer in the coating booth; and a coating gun that sprays powder coating material to the moving work. In the powder coating apparatus, the coating booth includes a movable wall on at least one of aside wall and a ceiling wall of the coating booth. The movable wall is configured to move in accordance with the work passing the coating booth.

Abstract: An improved thermal spray apparatus and method of promotes mixing of axially fed particles in a carrier stream with a heated effluent stream without introducing significant turbulence into either the effluent or carrier streams. An axial injection port includes a plurality of chevrons at the distal end of the port. The chevrons are located radially around the circumference of the distal end of the axial injection port to increase the shared area between the two flow streams at the outlet of the port.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for coating a substrate. These methods include: (a) vertically orienting the substrate between a vertically oriented backstop and a spray gun; (b) at least partially coating the vertically oriented substrate with a substantially 100% solids, radiation curable liquid coating composition by passing the composition through the spray gun wherein the composition is atomized; whereby a portion of the atomized coating composition deposits on the vertically oriented substrate and a portion of the atomized coating composition deposits on the vertically oriented backstop; (c) exposing the coated substrate to ionizing radiation and/or actinic radiation to cure the coating composition deposited thereon; and (d) removing and reusing at least a portion of the coating composition deposited on the vertically oriented backstop. Related coating systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to sprayed insulation application systems, and more particularly to systems that utilizes a sole power source to directly or indirectly drive the system's multiple components independent of the location of a power-take-off. In one embodiment of the invention, the system utilizing a sole power source comprises at least one power-take-off operably associated with the power source. An insulation blower and a hydraulic drive are operably associated with the at least one power-take-off. An electrical generator and a vacuum fan are operably associated with the hydraulic drive, with at least one control regulating the operable association of the generator and the vacuum fan with the hydraulic drive. In another embodiment of the invention, the hydraulic drive is operably associated with the power-take-off, with the generator, vacuum fan and insulation blower operably associated with the hydraulic drive.

Abstract: A powder feeding apparatus of manufacturing a heat pipe includes a vibration tray having a supporting board and a plurality of pipes positioned in the supporting board of the tray. A mandrel is coaxially inserted in each of the pipes. A feeder is located corresponding to an end of each pipe for feeding powder into the pipe. A vibration source is located under the tray to drive the tray to vibrate with substantially a same amplitude in a vibration direction when feeding the powder into the pipes from the feeder.

Abstract: A particulate delivery apparatus for distributing particulate material onto a target area of a web moving in a first direction can generally have a hopper for receiving a supply of particulate material and a one or more tubular members having an inlet end communicating with the hopper and an outlet end for discharging the particulate material from the hopper onto the target area. The tubular member(s) can extend downwardly from the bottom of the hopper at an angle toward the web, such that the particulate material is discharged onto the web, and in the same direction the web is moving. A plurality of separate flow paths can be provided in the tubular member(s) such that the particulate material is discharged as a plurality of separate streams. The width of the outlet end(s) can approximate the width of, and be oriented along the same axis as, the width of the target area.