Abstract: A treatment tank is used which has a non-contact type liquid sealing unit capable of controlling liquid leakage in non-contact with a web.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a personal cleansing device that has a pourable sodium soap impregnated substantially throughout the interior thereof and produces lather in hard water as well as soft water. The method comprises the steps of: providing a pourable sodium soap having a melting point of 120° F. to 160° F. that is in essentially solid form at a first temperature, and in essentially pourable molten form at a second temperature; heating the pourable sodium soap to the second temperature such that the pourable sodium soap is in pourable molten form; applying the molten pourable sodium soap to one or more portions of a substrate comprised of web of fibers; and allowing the pourable sodium soap to cool down to the first temperature to resolidify within interstitial spaces between the fibers of the substrate. The pourable sodium soap comprises at least one sodium soap and 5% to 35% glycerine.

Abstract: A wet-coating apparatus includes a main body, a cleaning agent bin, a coating agent storage bin, a hot-air injector, a heater, and a transport. The main body defines a coating chamber. The coating chamber includes a first sub-chamber, a second sub-chamber, and a third sub-chamber located between the first and second sub-chambers. The cleaning agent storage bin is received in the first sub-chamber. The coating agent storage bin is received in the first sub-chamber and located adjacent to the third sub-chamber. The hot-air injector is received in the third sub-chamber. The heater is received in the second sub-chamber. The transport is located over the cleaning agent storage bin and the coating agent storage bin, and configured to transport a substrate from the first sub-chamber to the second sub-chamber.

Abstract: Provided is a magnetic recording medium manufacturing apparatus capable of forming a lubricant film with a uniform thickness on the surface of a magnetic recording medium. The magnetic recording medium manufacturing apparatus includes a hanger mechanism (2) that is inserted into a central hole (100a) of a magnetic recording medium (100) and supports the magnetic recording medium (100) in a suspended state and a lifting mechanism (3) that lifts and lowers one of the hanger mechanism (2) and the dip tank (1) relative to the other.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device and a method for producing a magnetic recording medium, the device and method capable of forming a lubricant membrane with a uniform thickness on a surface of the magnetic recording medium. Specifically, the device for producing the magnetic recording medium according to the invention is a device that forms a lubricant membrane on the surface of the magnetic recording medium by immersing the magnetic recording medium into an immersion tank that has a liquid lubricant and then raising the magnetic recording medium from the immersion tank. The device for producing the magnetic recording medium includes: a hanger device that is inserted into the central hole of the magnetic recording medium and supports the magnetic recording medium in a hanging state; and a raising and lowering device that raises and lowers one of the hanging device and the immersion tank with respect to the other thereof.

Abstract: An exemplary wet coating system includes a coating chamber, an annealing chamber, an unloading chamber, and a mechanical arm. The coating chamber is configured for allowing a substrate being wet coated therein. The unloading chamber is configured for allowing the substrate being unloaded therein. The annealing chamber is interposed between and communicated with the coating chamber and the unloading chamber and is configured for allowing the substrate being annealed therein. The communicated coating chamber, annealing chamber, and unloading chamber are vacuumized. The mechanical arm is configured for holding the substrate and moving the substrate across the coating chamber, the annealing chamber, and the unloading chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for applying a fluid such as paint to the surfaces of a plurality of lengths of pipe, the apparatus including an automated processing line composed of a receiving platform configured for receiving the plurality of lengths of pipe, a vat down the line from the receiving platform for containing the fluid, a draining platform down the line from the vat, the draining platform being configured for elevating an end of each length of pipe of the plurality of lengths of pipe relative to an opposite end of the length of pipe, and a conveyor system configured for engaging the plurality of lengths of pipe and advancing the plurality of lengths of pipe through the vat and across the draining platform by rolling.

Abstract: A device used for a process of coating fibers with a metal by a liquid method is disclosed. In this process, a fiber is drawn through a bath of molten liquid metal so as to be coated with the molten liquid metal. The liquid metal bath is maintained in a crucible of the “levitation” type, which at least partly eliminates contact between the liquid metal and the crucible. The bath is fed with metal, during the process, by a metal powder.

Abstract: A line for the dip coating of objects operates with a known conveyor system. In order to avoid a collision between the objects and the hard structure adjoining the movement path, a position transducer measuring the absolute value is provided for each possible degree of freedom of movement of the object fixed to the holding frame. The course of a first boundary surface or a boundary line, which reproduces the course of the hard structures along the movement path of the object, is stored in a memory. Also stored is the course of a second boundary surface or boundary line, which runs at a distance from the first boundary surface or boundary line. Finally, the course of a contour which represents the course of the object fixed to the holding frame is also stored.

Abstract: A plating apparatus allows a substrate holder to be serviced easily while ensuring easy access to the substrate holder and while a substrate is being processed in the plating apparatus. The plating apparatus includes a plating section for plating a substrate, a substrate holder for holding the substrate, a substrate holder transporter for holding and transporting the substrate holder, a stocker for storing the substrate holder, and a stocker setting section for storing the stocker therein. The stocker includes a moving mechanism for moving the stocker into and out of the stocker setting section.

Abstract: A plating apparatus includes a vessel and a rack operable to be positioned inside the vessel. The rack includes a number of mandrels including a number of substrate mounting surfaces. The number of mandrels is non-revolving with respect to the rack. The rack further includes a number of gears coupled with the number of mandrels. A partition separates the number of gears from the number of mandrels. A diffuser is positioned below the rack. The diffuser is operable to produce a substantially uniform laminar flow of a fluid from a bottom to a top of the vessel. Thus, the laminar flow may reduce dead zones in the bath and remove defect-causing particles and gases away from the substrate.

Abstract: An electrode manufacturing apparatus comprises a conveying section for conveying a current collector sheet having a plurality of through holes; a backup roll for guiding the conveyed current collector sheet; an applicator for supplying a coating liquid to the current collector sheet on the backup roll; and a nip roll for pressing a part of the current collector sheet where the coating liquid is not supplied yet from the applicator against the backup roll.

Abstract: A method of forming a water vapor barrier layer to a core of a golf ball is provided. The method includes placing the core of the golf ball into a vapor barrier composition, withdrawing the lifting device, and spinning and optionally oscillating the core within the composition for a time sufficient for the composition to form a layer on the core. The present invention also provides an apparatus that can be used to form a water vapor barrier layer.

Abstract: A coating apparatus and method for flimsy elongate members has at least one elongate funnel tube with an inlet, an outlet, and an intermediate portion, the inlet in a basin, a fluid circulating system suitable connecting the outlet to provide flow into the inlet. Each inlet receives an elongate flimsy component and utilizes the circulating fluid to pull the flimsy elongate member into the funnel tube whereby the coating of the flimsy elongate member is accomplished. The invention also includes the method for coating such a flimsy elongate member utilizing the coating apparatus.

Abstract: An electrode mixture paste (5) is applied on both sides of a strip of core material (1) as it runs along its lengthwise direction, and the coating thickness of the paste (5) is adjusted as the core material (1) coated with the paste (5) passes through a gap between a pair of scraper tools (16a, 16b). Tips (18) provided to the scraper tools (16a, 16b) scrape off the paste (5) to form a paste-coated portion of a predetermined width. The electrode mixture paste (5) scraped off with the tips (18) is returned through recesses (19) on the upstream side of the tips (18) in the running direction of the core material, so as to prevent the phenomenon where the coating thickness is increased at both side edges of the paste-coated portion. Thus, a method for applying electrode mixture paste is realized that can prevent the phenomenon where the coating thickness is increased at both side edges of the paste-coated portion and prevent process failures such as deformation of paste-coated sheet.

Abstract: A dipping apparatus for dipping the workpiece W in a treatment bath. The workpiece is transferred while fixed on a conveying traveling body 2, and each one flipped upside down together into the treatment bath for carrying out a surface treatment of the workpiece W. The dipping apparatus is provided with a positioning and fixing device to position the conveying traveling body 2 onto the guide rail 17a on the rotation base 15 at a fixed position and to fix the conveying traveling body 2 to the rotation base 15. A feeding mechanism feeds the conveying traveling body 2 to the fixed position on the rotation base 15.

Abstract: Chemical bath deposition (CBD) apparatuses and fabrication methods for compound thin films are presented. A chemical bath deposition apparatus includes a chemical bath reaction container, a substrate chuck for fixing a substrate arranged face-down toward the bottom of the chemical bath reaction container, multiple solution containers connecting to a reaction solution mixer and further connection to the chemical bath reaction container, and a temperature control system including a first heater controlling the temperature of the chemical bath reaction container, a second heater controlling the temperature of the substrate chuck, and a third heater controlling the temperature of the multiple solution containers.

Abstract: A method of forming a nano-particle array by convective assembly and a convective assembly apparatus for the same are provided. The method of forming nano-particle array comprises: coating a plurality of nano-particles by forming a coating layer; performing a first convective assembly by moving a first substrate facing, in parallel to and spaced apart from a second substrate at a desired distance such that a colloidal solution including the coated nano-particles is between the first and second substrate; and performing a second convective assembly for evaporating a solvent by locally heating a surface of the colloidal solution drawn when the first substrate is moved in parallel relative to the second substrate. The present invention provides the method of forming the nano-particle array where nano-particles having a particle size from a few to several tens of nanometers are uniformly arrayed on a large area substrate at a low cost, and the convective assembly apparatus for the same.

Abstract: A dry-in/dry-out system is disclosed for wafer electroless plating. The system includes an upper zone for wafer ingress/egress and drying operations. Proximity heads are provided in the upper zone to perform the drying operations. The system also includes a lower zone for electroless plating operations. The lower zone includes an electroless plating apparatus that implements a wafer submersion by fluid upwelling method. The upper and lower zones of the system are enclosed by a dual-walled chamber, wherein the inner wall is a chemically inert plastic and the outer wall is a structural metal. The system interfaces with a fluid handling system which provides the necessary chemistry supply and control for the system. The system is ambient controlled. Also, the system interfaces with an ambient controlled managed transfer module (MTM).

Abstract: A method of coating projections on a patch, the method including, selecting a coating solution viscosity, the viscosity being selected to reduce the degree of capillary action between the patch and the coating solution and immersing at least part of tips of projections in a coating solution having the selected coating solution viscosity such that substantially only tips of the projections are coated.

Abstract: A dip coating apparatus includes a container, a separating plate, an air intake, at least one driving module, and at least one carrying base. The separating plate separates the container into a first chamber and a second chamber, and defines a through opening communicating the two chambers. The first chamber is configured for drying workpieces, and the second chamber is configured for carrying coating liquid to coat the workpieces. The air intake takes drying air into the first chamber. The driving module is mounted on the separating plate. The carrying base carries the workpieces, and is connected to the driving module and positioned in the second chamber. Driven by the driving module, the carrying base is able to dip the workpieces into the coating liquid for coating, and is able to cover the through opening and expose the workpieces to the first chamber for drying.

Abstract: An articulating paper dispenser is provided including an upper housing and a lower housing that, when engaged together, form a both a lubricant container and a chamber for containing an articulating paper roll. The articulating paper that is unwound from the articulating paper roll is passed through the lubricant container. The articulating paper dispenser will preferably include pressure rollers to guide the articulating paper through a dispensing slot in the dispenser. The lubricant container is configured to contain a lubricant that increases the marking ability of the articulating paper. As the articulating paper is dispensed from the articulating paper system, it is coated on both sides with a thin layer of the lubricant. The lubricant-coated articulating paper is then used to check a patient's occlusion more accurately and precisely.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for hydrodischarging and hydrocharging substrates and articles to produce enhanced ability to avoid attraction of contaminants or improved capability of removing contaminants from fluids are disclosed. In another form the method involves removal of electric charges or neutralization of charge on or within substrates. Also disclosed are methods of making using electret substrates and articles for removing particulates and mists from fluid streams.

Abstract: Hot dip coating apparatus for coating a steel strip in an Al—Zn alloy bath comprises components that are made from stainless steel containing an appreciable amount of nitrogen distributed substantially uniformly through its microstructure. The nitrogen is incorporated into the stainless steel as an alloy additive and improves the steel's corrosion resistance and minimizes pitting and thinning of the component when immersed in the metal bath for extended periods.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a vacuum/high pressure filling apparatus which can improve the filling rate and shorten the impregnating time period in immersing a porous workpiece into a filling liquid. The vacuum/high pressure filling apparatus includes: an openable and closable hermetic partition chamber unit constituted by two upper and lower split partition wall unit portions, a partition chamber unit opening and closing mechanism to open and close the partition chamber unit, a vacuum suction opening and a pressurizing opening provided for the partition chamber unit, a liquid vessel arranged in the partition chamber unit to receive a filling liquid, a holder arranged, in the partition chamber unit, for the porous workpiece, an elevator unit to move the filling liquid in the liquid vessel and the porous workpiece relative to each other inside the partition chamber unit so as to immerse the porous workpiece into the filling liquid in the liquid vessel and pull up the workpiece from the filling liquid.

Abstract: Methods and systems for handling a substrate through processes including an integrated electroless deposition process includes processing a surface of the substrate in an electroless deposition module to deposit a layer over conductive features of the substrate using a deposition fluid. The surface of the substrate is then rinsed in the electroless deposition module with a rinsing fluid. The rinsing is controlled to prevent de-wetting of the surface so that a transfer film defined from the rinsing fluid remains coated over the surface of the substrate. The substrate is removed from the electroless deposition module while maintaining the transfer film over the surface of the substrate. The transfer film over the surface of the substrate prevents drying of the surface of the substrate so that the removing is wet. The substrate, once removed from the electroless deposition module, is moved into a post-deposition module while maintaining the transfer film over the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A system (11) is designed to coat a film-like, long carrier (18) for thin-film solar cells on the absorber layer thereof with cadmium sulfide. To this end, the carrier (18) is continuously guided through a solution (23) made of cadmium acetate, ammonia and thiourea or is immersed into a bath (22) with said solution (23). By using a wide, very long and flat tub (24) containing the solution (23), the required amount for the coating is minimized, such that the consumption of solution (23) is low.

Abstract: In a template treatment of forming a film of a release agent on a treatment surface of a template, the treatment surface of the template is first cleaned. Thereafter, in a coating unit, the release agent is applied to the treatment surface of the template. The release agent on the template is then dried. Then, alcohol is applied to the release agent on the template to make the release agent adhere to the treatment surface of the template and to remove an unreacted portion of the release agent. Thereafter, the alcohol on the template is dried and removed. In this manner, a film of the release agent is formed in a predetermined film thickness on the treatment surface of the template.

Abstract: A substrate holding apparatus can meet the request for a smaller-sized compact apparatus while ensuring a sufficient immersion depth of a substrate in a processing liquid. The substrate holding apparatus includes: a substrate holder for supporting a substrate (W) by bringing a peripheral portion of a surface of the substrate (W) into contact with a first sealing member; and a substrate pressing section for lowering relative to the substrate holder so as to press the substrate (W) held by the substrate holder downward, thereby bringing a first sealing member into pressure contact with the substrate (W). The substrate pressing section is provided with a second ring-shaped sealing member which makes pressure contact with an upper surface of a ring-shaped holding section of the substrate holder, thereby sealing the peripheral region of the substrate pressing section.

Abstract: There is described an apparatus and method for transporting contact lenses through dipping baths (2, 3, 4) for e.g. rinsing, extraction, coating or loading purposes. The lenses are individually accommodated in respective containers (5) which are capable of enabling a flow of treatment fluid (S) into and out of the container (5). During their automatic transport through the dipping baths (2, 3, 4) the containers (5) are held in carriers (6). Lifters (9) are provided for automatically lowering and raising the carriers (6) in a reciprocating manner along their travel through the dipping bath (2, 3, 4). The reciprocating lowering and raising of the containers (5) is accomplished such, that a portion of each container which accommodates a contact lens remains immersed in the treatment fluid (S) which is contained in the dipping bath (2, 3, 4) while the container (5) suspended from the carrier (6) is advanced through the dipping bath (2, 3, 4) from a starting end to a leaving end thereof.

Abstract: A container is provided having a periphery and a base, which enclose a cavity. The periphery and the base are connected together, the periphery upwardly extending from the base. The periphery has a first slot and a substantially opposing second slot. Each of the first and second slots is sized to permit a first end of a tape located on a roll to be slid through it. A tape holder may be connected to the container so that the tape holder lies outside of the cavity of the container. The roll of tape can be placed on the tape holder so when the tape is pulled through the “mud box”, the tape is thereby unwound. As the tape is manually pulled through the “mud box”, joint compound is thinly applied to one side of the tape. As this is done, the joint compound begins to “adhere” to the tape, conditioning the tape for excellent wall adhesion.

Abstract: In a method for producing a hollow body—implemented as a sandwich construction—in particular an aircraft fuselage, an inner layer is formed from a specifiable number of plies of a specifiable at least resin-wetted fiber material, for simple, rapid, and cost-effective formation of a large-volume cavity, which has a low weight and a high mechanical carrying capacity in relation to its size. At least a first ply of the inner layer has a helical configuration and is configured without interruption essentially over an entire length of the hollow body.

Abstract: A method for forming an outer electrode capable of reducing a tact time when electrode paste is applied to end surfaces of electronic components a plurality of times. A paste tank 4 having a squeegee blade that is vertically slidable is disposed on a flat board 1 having an area being a plurality of times as large as that of a holding plate in a longitudinal direction of the flat board. A paste film is spread on the flat board by moving the flat board 1 by a length corresponding to the length of one holding plate while a predetermined gap is maintained between the squeegee blade and the flat board. The electrode paste is applied to first end surfaces of electronic components C held by the holding plate H by dipping the first end surfaces of the electronic components C in this paste film. The electrode paste is applied to the first end surfaces of the electronic components a plurality of times by repeating the spreading step and the applying step.

Abstract: An overhead conveyor system for transporting articles, especially for transporting vehicle bodies, in a treatment line comprises at least one transport carriage which has a fastening device to which at least one article can be fastened. The transport carriage can be displaced along the track by at least one drive means. The transport carriage is designed in such a manner that the fastening device can be transported at least along one section of the track, in a laterally offset manner with respect to the track. The invention further relates to a dip coating line comprising at least one dip-coating tank which can be filled with a treatment liquid, into which tank articles to be treated, especially vehicle bodies, are dipped. A conveying system can displace the articles to be treated towards the dip-coating tanker, into the inner edge of the dip-coating tanker, out of the dip-coating tank and away therefrom.

Abstract: A body structure has an inner region shape that defines a cavity within the body structure. The cavity within the body structure is designed to hold a fluid. A chuck includes a top that is capable of holding a substrate, and a body portion that has a complementary shape with respect to the inner region shape of the body structure. The complementary shape of the chuck body portion at least partially aligns with the inner region shape that defines the body structure cavity. The chuck body portion is designed to move into the cavity of the body structure and displace the fluid held within the cavity, so as to shift the fluid over the top of the chuck. The body portion of the chuck is also designed to move out of the cavity of the body structure, so as to remove the fluid from over the top of the chuck.

Abstract: An overhead conveyor system for transporting articles, especially for transporting vehicle bodies, in a surface treatment line comprises at least one transport carriage which has a fastening device to which at least one article can be fastened. The transport carriage can be displaced along a track carrying it by at least one drive means. The fastening device is received so that it can be rotated about a vertical axis of rotation. The invention further relates to a dip coating line comprising at least one dip-coating tank which can be filled with a treatment liquid, into which tank articles to be treated can be dipped. The dip coating line comprises a conveying system which displaces the articles to be treated towards the dip-coating tank, into the interior of the dip-coating tank, out of the dip-coating tank and away therefrom.

Abstract: To produce a ceramic foam-filled structural sandwich panel, a coating of a pre-ceramic slurry is applied on a preform. The preform includes a foam template sandwiched between a plurality of panels. In addition, the coating is cured to the preform, the preform is modified, and the coating is converted to a ceramic.

Abstract: A heated towel dispenser includes a roll of a semi-absorptive medium that can be readily separated into individual sheets. The dispenser includes one or more different fluids to be applied to each of the sheets as directed by a user. The dispenser includes a heating element therein to heat each of the sheets prior to them being emitted from the dispenser. A plurality of sensors are disposed in the dispenser to monitor conditions within the dispenser.

Abstract: There is provided a layer forming apparatus for forming a photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor, containing no bubbles in a coating liquid. In the layer forming apparatus for forming the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor through the dip coating method, a lower end port of a dipping cylinder is distanced away in a horizontal direction from a coating liquid discharge port, and the coating liquid discharge port is disposed above the lower end port of the dipping cylinder, in order to prevent a bubble from moving into a coating liquid portion used for actual coating even when a bubble exits in the course of circulation of the coating liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hot-dip coating installation for coating a strip with a liquid metal. A roller formed as a hollow body is provided in the liquid metal for deflecting or stabilizing the strip. The roller is mounted in a bearing on a carrier arm of the hot-dip coating installation by means of a roller journal. The object of the invention is to reduce the rotational resistance, the inertia moment and the slip tendency of the roll in relation to the strip. To this end, the interior of the roller is sealed against the liquid metal and a channel is provided for connecting the interior of the roller to the space region on the periphery of the roll journal. In this way, an excess pressure inside the roller and, therefore, and undesirable deformation of the roller are prevented.

Abstract: A problem during electrolytic treatment of printed circuit boards having a very thin basic metallization is that the treatment yields irregular results in various regions on the surface of the printed circuit board. In overcoming this problem the invention provides a device for electrolytically treating an at least superficially electrically conducting work piece having at least two substantially opposing side edges. The device comprises current supply devices for the work piece, said current supply devices each comprising contact strips located on the opposing side edges which are capable of electrically contacting the work piece at the substantially opposing side edges.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for applying a fluid such as paint to the surfaces of a plurality of lengths of pipe, the apparatus including an automated processing line composed of a receiving platform configured for receiving the plurality of lengths of pipe, a vat down the line from the receiving platform for containing the fluid, a draining platform down the line from the vat, the draining platform being configured for elevating an end of each length of pipe of the plurality of lengths of pipe relative to an opposite end of the length of pipe, and a conveyor system configured for engaging the plurality of lengths of pipe and advancing the plurality of lengths of pipe through the vat and across the draining platform by rolling.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for hydrodischarging and hydrocharging substrates and articles to produce enhanced ability to avoid attraction of contaminants or improved capability of removing contaminants from fluids are disclosed. In another form the method involves removal of electric charges or neutralization of charge on or within substrates. Also disclosed are methods of making using electret substrates and articles for removing particulates and mists from fluid streams.

Abstract: A method for a surface being plated locally includes a fixture for holding at least a work piece and the fixture is supported with two opposite lateral walls of a plating tank. Hence, a plated zone on a surface of the work piece can be immerged into the liquid contained in the plating tank for the plated zone being coated with de-oxide layer and plating layer sequentially.

Abstract: During fluid treatment of a substrate surface, a carrier/wafer assembly containing a substrate wafer closes the top of a microcell container. The carrier/wafer assembly and the container walls define a thin enclosed treatment volume that is filled with treating fluid, such as electroless plating solution. The thin fluid-treatment volume typically has a volume in a range of about from 100 ml to 500 ml. Preferably a container is heated and the treating fluid is pre-heated before being injected into the container. Preferably, the chemical composition, temperature, and other properties of fluid in the thin enclosed fluid-treatment volume are dynamically variable. A rinse shield and a rinse nozzle are located above the container. A carrier/wafer assembly in a rinse position substantially closes the top of the rinse shield.

Abstract: Apparatus for treating tissue specimens comprises a stationary outer casing (2) in the top of which is positioned an annular trough (3) for holding a liquid. Rotatably mounted in the outer casing (2) is a central hub (5) supporting a disc-like lid (6) the underside of which carries a magnet (7). In use, the magnets hold, in a detachable manner, tissue specimens (12) and the trough (3) is filled with a liquid for treating the specimens. The hub (5) is capable of vertical translational movement with respect to the casing (2) to enable the specimens to be lowered into and subsequently lifted out of the trough (3). A method of treating tissue specimens is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member that has a coating machine for dipping plural members to be coated in a coating liquid in a coating bath and then lifting up the coated members to form a coating film on the surface of each of the plural members to be coated and a transport holding member for holding and transporting the members to be coated, and has plural stretching hoods which can individually cover each side of the plural members to be coated and can extend in association with the movement of the plural members to be coated to individually cover each side of the plural members to be coated when the coating machine is lifting up the plural members to be coated, wherein the plural stretching hoods are linked with each other at the lower parts of the hoods.

Abstract: Techniques for forming a carbon nanotube (CNT) structure are disclosed.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention an immersion bath roll is suggested for an immersion bath with liquid metal with a roll body (2), extending along a longitudinal axis (A), as well as essentially cylindrical bearing journals (3) for the cooperation with bearing sleeves for the mounting of the immersion bath roll (1, 1a, 1b), wherein each bearing journal (3) possesses at least one groove (4), which extends in the circumferential over the total circumference of the bearing journal (3), and which is filled with a protective layer (41) produced by thermal spraying.

Abstract: In a dip soldering process, solder is pumped through a nozzle outlet. Leads of a component on a circuit board are dipped into the surface of the flowing solder to solder the leads to a track on the underside of the circuit board. To prevent solder bridging between the leads, a plate is provided below the solder surface, and passes between the leads. When withdrawing the leads from the solder, the solder surface is dropped to the level of the plate, so that excess solder is drawn away from the leads, preventing solder bridging between the leads. Member may be movable to rise through the solder surface as the circuit board is raised away from the surface.