Abstract: A measured molecular beam intensity V.sub.i is converted into a value V.sub.iO at a reference temperature T.sub.O by calculating the following equation using the measured molecular beam intensity V.sub.i and a measured cell temperature T.sub.i : V.sub.iO =V.sub.i .multidot.exp(A(1/T.sub.O -1/T.sub.i)). Next, a molecular beam intensity V.sub.O (t) at a time (t) is estimated after the last conversion time based on the reference temperature T.sub.O in accordance with the converted molecular beam intensity V.sub.iO and a corresponding time t.sub.i thereof. Further, the temperature of a molecular beam source cell is controlled in accordance with an estimated cell temperature T.sub.SP (V.sub.SP), to realize a predetermined molecular beam intensity V.sub.SP, given by calculating the following equation using the estimated molecular beam intensity V.sub.O (t) and the predetermined molecular beam intensity V.sub.SP : T.sub.SP (V.sub.SP)=1/(1/T.sub.O +(log(V.sub.SP /V.sub.O (t)))/A).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spin coating apparatus for feeding a clean liquid at a fixed rate. In any of the feeding apparatus in the prior art, no constituent other than a filter has the function of eliminating foreign matter, and the operation of feeding a liquid under precise control is not attained. This results in the problem of the mixing of the foreign matter (and air bubbles) in the feed liquid, and the problem of nonuniformity in a feed speed as well as a feed amount. As expedients for solving these problems, the present invention provides the functions of automatically sensing and excluding factors for the appearances of the foreign matters, and devices for automatically and precisely controlling feed control elements such as a pump, thereby feeding the clean liquid in a constant amount and at a constant speed.

Abstract: A developing apparatus comprises a developing roll for carrying single-component toner to a developing area facing an electrostatic latent image carrier; a toner agitation chamber provided along an axis of the developing roll; a toner carry-in path projectingly provided on one end of the toner agitation chamber; and a toner carry and supply member for carrying the toner from the toner carry-in path into the toner agitation chamber along the axis of the developing roll and for supplying the toner from the toner agitation chamber onto the developing roll, the toner carry and supply member being established so that the quantity of toner carrying per unit time at the toner agitation chamber on the toner carry-in path side is larger than the quantity of toner carrying per unit time in the toner carry-in path.

Abstract: A sizing machine capable of maintaining a sizing liquid at a desired temperature by controlling the supply of steam into a cavity box containing the sizing liquid is provided with a sizing liquid consumption measuring system capable of accurately measuring a sizing liquid consumption. The sizing liquid consumption measuring system measures a sizing liquid consumption automatically by measuring the quantity of water added to the sizing liquid contained in the cavity box by steam supplied into the cavity box, and the level of the sizing liquid in the cavity box.

Abstract: A coater for a web of material, especially a web of paper or cardboard, that travels around a backing roll, with a doctor blade that presses against the backing roll and with components for adjusting the pressure that are distributed along the doctor and affect different areas along it. The adjusting components are piezotranslators (16).

Abstract: A painting apparatus selectively sprays a plurality of different color paints by a pair spray gun at a desired discharge rate. A thinner is discharged into a pipe communicating the spray gun so as to force out a selected color paint remainiung in the pipe for continuously spraying the color paint. A flow meter is disposed in the pipe to measure the color paint flowing therethrough so as to detect its flow rate. A thinner discharge rate at which the thinner is discharged, is controlled according to the flow rate so as to spray the color paint at a substantially constant rate before and after the discharge of the thinner into the pipe.

Abstract: A fluid dispensing apparatus having a controller which operates to modify a tool speed signal from a robot and to generate a corrected signal to the dispenser nozzle flow controller which compensates for non-linear flow characteristics of fluids, such as non-Newtonian adhesive fluids, to maintain uniform bead size as the tool speed varies. The corrected tool speed signal is generated by computing the ideal flow for the tool speed signaled, comparing the computed flow with actual flow data stored in a memory using linear interpolation of data between the stored values, and generating a control signal modified in accordance with the comparison. The stored data is acquired by operation in a calibration mode wherein a series of standard signals is sent to the fluid controller while the actual flow at each signal level is measured and stored in a table. The method of operation corrects non-linear flow phenomena such as the shear-thinning effect.

Abstract: Changes in the flow characteristics of a fluid being dispensed from a nozzle under then control of a metering valve are compensated for in order to maintain the volume of fluid dispensed over a predetermined time interval substantially equal to a selected setpoint. The volume of fluid delivered to the metering valve during a predetermined interval is measured and a correction factor based on the difference between the measured volume and the setpoint is calculated. The correction factor is used to generate a driving signal from which a control signal applied to the metering valve is generated.

Abstract: An apparatus for the continuous manufacture of high temperature superconducting wires is disclosed. A core on which the superconductive ceramic substance is caused to directionally solidify from the melt is drawn through the melt in such a manner as to obtain an oriented microstructure conductive to high critical current carrying capacity. This also produces a macrostructure with appropriate mechanical strength and flexibility independently of the superconducting substance chosen.

Abstract: A preservative-bearing pad and a method of using same to treat the interface between a railroad cross tie and tie plate. A sandwich of water-soluble active ingredient disposed between two layers of biodegradable hydrophilic backing is simply placed on the adzed portion of a cross tie prior to installation of the tie plate and rail during a rail laying or relaying operation.

Abstract: An apparatus in which the triboelectric charge of developer material toner adhering to carrier is measured. In the development system, a magnetic roller transports developer material closely adjacent a donor roller. The donor roller is electrically biased relative to the magnetic roller so that toner is developed onto the donor roller. The instantaneous current flow electrically biasing the donor roller is integrated and is indicative of the triboelectric charge to the developer material.

Abstract: An apparatus for tempering fluid glues in continuous operation has a heat transfer body made of a cuboid aluminum block (26) in which is integrated the glue channel (24, 25), and the broad-side surfaces of which are thermally linked to Peltier elements (28) for heating and cooling the glue to be tempered. The Peltier elements (28) are provided on their heat transfer surfaces opposite to the aluminum block (26) with heat conductive ribs (30) that can be charged with a flow of cooling and/or heating air through an air channel (44). Inside the glue channel (24, 25) are arranged baffle plates or ribs as static mixers (36) that ensure a thorough mixing and an even temperature within the flow of glue.

Abstract: An apparatus for depositing liquid material onto a workpiece in the form of a deposit having a desired conformation wherein the material is discharged under pressure from the nozzle of a dispensing gun which can be manipulated by a robot to lay the deposit according to a programmed pattern on the workpiece. One or more gas jets is directed toward the material after the material is discharged from the nozzle to impart a desired conformation to the material deposited on the workpiece. The flow rate of the gas jets is controlled in accordance with the liquid flow rate to maintain substantial uniformity of the conformation of the deposit. The flow rate of the gas jets may also be controlled with reference to a toolspeed signal which varies according to the relative speed between the nozzle and the workpiece as well as an auxiliary signal the latter of which can be used to selectively alter the conformation of the deposit.

Abstract: A remaining developer sensing method for an image forming apparatus operable with a plurality of replaceable developing units each storing a developer of different color maintains the amounts of developers of remaining in the individual developing units equal to each other at all times. An exclusive sensor responsive to the remaining amount of toner is mounted on the bottom of a toner hopper of each developing unit and outputs a toner absence signal when the amount of toner remaining in the associated developing unit becomes short. When the toner absence signal continuously appears over a predetermined period time, the operation of the apparatus is inhibited. The predetermined period time differs from one developing unit to another.

Abstract: A substrate is heated in a crystal growth vessel evacuated to a ultrahigh vacuum, and gases containing component elements of a crystal to be grown on the substrate are introduced into the vessel under predetermined conditions to cause successive epitaxial growth of single molecular layers, the number of growth cycles being automatically controlled. A mass analyzer is disposed opposite to the substrate in the vessel so that the progress of crystal growth can be incessantly traced and evaluated for each of the molecular layers. An etchant gas introduction nozzle extends into the vessel to make etching treatment of the surface of the substrate in the evacuated vessel prior to the crystal growth.

Abstract: An apparatus which controls the dispensing of marking particles into a developer unit used in an electrophotograhic printing machine adapted to reproduce a copy of an original document. The quantity of marking particles required to reproduce the copy of the original document is predicted and the dispensing of marking particles controlled in response thereto.

Abstract: A machine for applying adhesive wax is provided with a pan for receiving the wax and a pair of rollers defining a bite therebetween through which sheet material may be passed. A lower one of the rollers passes through the adhesive both and transfers adhesive to the back of the sheet material. A heating element, connected to a thermostat, maintains the adhesive bath at a desired temperature. A motor, provided for rotating the rollers is interconnected with the heating elements such that actuation of the motor is inhibited absent actuation of the heating element. Additionally, a thermostatic switch may be interposed in the adhesive bath to prevent actuation of the motor unless the bath has reached a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording apparatus comprises means for accurately detecting the amount of consumption of a developer still by means of a simple construction and also means for outputting a signal for indicating to resupply the developer at proper timing. Since the amount of consumption of the developer is substantially proportional to the number of illuminated dots produced by exposing means, a CPU reads, at every predetermined period, output count values of a counter, which counts the number of illuminated dots produced by the exposing means, and integrally adds up the output count values. Then, the CPU compares the integration result of the output count values with a predetermined value and thereby decides a shortage of the developer.

Abstract: An installation for spraying coating product, such as water-soluble or metallic paint to be sprayed onto automobile bodies, comprises a coating product change unit on a downstream side of which is at least one distribution pipe. This feeds at least one sprayer for the coating product. An intermediate storage tank for the coating product formed in the distribution pipe(s) consists of a section of the pipe itself. An arrangement is provided for feeding rinsing product into the distribution pipe(s) and, by virtue of a selective connection device, the coating product is propelled by the rinsing product during spraying.

Abstract: A sensor and a method for determining the basis weight of coating material on a substrate is described. The determined basis weight is insensitive to changes in the amount of substrate material underlying the coating. Signals from the sensor may be used in the control of a coating mechanism to provide a coating having a uniform basis weight.

Abstract: It realizes the chemical vapour phase deposition method using a plasma maintained by surface waves in a tube (2) for obtaining a preform and comprises photodetection means (50) sensitive to the light emitted by the deposition area (54) of the vitreous coating resulting from the reaction between appropriate gaseous compounds and able to supply information relative to the emission area of said light, and means (52) for controlling the displacement of the deposition area, displacement being such that the thickness of the coating is uniform in the tube, and control means controlling the power of the microwave generator (30) of the apparatus as a function of the information. Application to the field of telecommunications.

Abstract: A developer supply system wherein a spiral and the like provided at a supply opening positioned above a developing unit is rotated in response to a signal from a developer sensor disposed in a place corresponding to a determined position on the way to the supply side from the center of said supply opening on the side of the developing unit so as to transport a developer contained within a developer supply tank from the supply side of said supply opening to the terminal side until the developer falls into the developer unit.

Abstract: A moistening arrangement for moistening a flap of an envelope has a nozzle directed to spray a liquid at the envelope flap along a given locus in the plane in response to signals that are a function of the width of the flap for moistening the flap at determined positions thereof. A sensor is positioned to detect the presence of liquid emitted from the nozzle. A control arrangement controls application of liquid to the nozzle while an envelope is adjacent thereto, and liquid is momentarily directed to the nozzle prior to movement of an envelope adjacent to the nozzle for providing an indication of operability of the nozzle and liquid applying arrangement.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for epitaxial growth of precisely one monolayer. The growth is by organometallic chemical vapor deposition in which the substrate is alternately exposed to the anion and cation of a III-V compound. During deposition of the cation, for instance Ga or Al, reflectance difference spectroscopy is performed to obtain the difference of reflected light beams polarized in orthogonal directions. A growth of a monolayer and even of a partial monolayer can be monitored in real time.

Abstract: A toner supply device including a hopper for containing the toner; a toner supply roller rotatably disposed below the hopper so as to fill an opening formed in a lower section of the hopper; a charging blade which is disposed so as to be in close contact under pressure with the toner supply roller to electrically charge the toner which is transported on the toner supply roller; a toner scraping mechanism having a toner scraping blade arranged at a position located downstream to the charging blade with respect to a rotational direction of the toner supply; a sensor for detecting the toner density; and a control unit for controlling the toner scraping mechanism depending on signals from the sensor so as to make the toner scraping blade move to one of a first position at which it comes in close contact under pressure with the toner supply roller and a second position at which the blade stands apart from the toner supply roller.

Abstract: Treatment baths for surface treatment of semiconductor wafers by dipping thereof into a treatment liquid are arranged in a treatment bath train.One or more selected treatment baths among these treatment baths are constructed to have a plurality of unit treatment vessels. The treatment liquid in these treatment vessels is replaced successively one by one of the unit treatment vessels. The semiconductor wafers are dipped in the treatment liquid contained in that unit treatment vessel that is not being subjected at that moment to the replacement of the treatment liquid.

Abstract: An apparatus for heat treating a coating applied to an automobile body is disclosed. The apparatus includes radiant heating elements for generating radiant heat. Controls separately control zones of the elements in response to characteristics of the body to uniformly heat treat the body.

Abstract: This invention discloses a developing apparatus wherein a brush of a developing agent is formed on a developing sleeve by a magnetic field of a permanent magnet disposed inside the developing sleeve, and at least the developing sleeve is rotated while the brush is kept in contact with a photosensitive body, thereby developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive body. In this apparatus, an agitating member having magnetic ring portions which abut against the developing sleeve and an agitating portion for agitating the developing agent is pivotally disposed in a developing vessel to be parallel to the developing sleeve, and a rotation detecting unit for outputting a signal corresponding to a rotational speed of the agitating member and a residual amount detecting unit for detecting a residual amount of the developing agent in the developing vessel in accordance with an output from the rotation detecting unit are provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring a quantity of particles deposited on a metal body to be coated with powder or the quantity of powder deposited per unit of time, especially on a moving body. The body is located in a space subjected to an electrostatic field and a quantity of powder deposited, possibly per unit of time, is measured by measuring a charge or current in a circuit connecting the field electrodes. An actual value deposited, indicated by a measurement, is used as a control parameter in a control circuit for adjusting an actual amount deposited to a set deposition amount which is adjustable.

Abstract: An apparatus in which the developability of electrostatically charged particles in a mixture of particulate material is measured. The apparatus includes a transparent member positioned closely adjacent to a developer roller of an electrophotographic printing machine. A brush of particles is formed adjacent the member in one mode of operation, while, in another mode of operation, a cloud of particles is formed adjacent the member. A portion of the charged portions are attracted to the member. A beam of energy is transmitted through the member with the internal angle of incidence being greater than the critical angle of incidence of the member. The intensity of the internally reflected beam is detected and a signal generated indicative of the quantity of charged particles adhering to the member.

Abstract: A device for controlling the concentration and the temperature of a flux comprising a circulation system which includes a pump connected to a flux tank by supplying and returning paths and which circulates the flux by driving the pump, reservoirs for a flux stock solution and a diluent, respectively, which are each connected to the circulation system, a heating means and/or a cooling means provided in the supplying path of the circulation system, a filter which is connected to the returning path of the circulation system, a concentration controlling mechanism which is operated in association with a specific gravity sensor attached to the flux tank, and a temperature controlling mechanism which is operated in association with a temperature sensor which is provided in the heating means and/or the cooling means. This device enables the concentration of the flux in the flux tank to be made uniform, the temperature thereof to be made constant and the flux to be purified.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image formed on a surface of a photoconductor drum 61 of a copying apparatus is caused to be visible by a developing device 4. The developing device 4 comprises a toner tank 43 and a toner supply roller 44 for supplying toner to a developer container 45. A toner density in the developer container 45 is detected by a sensor 11 and a detecting circuit 1. When irregular supply of toner is requested through a switch 91, a control circuit 2 compares the detected toner density with a prescribed density and drives the roller 44 to supply toner till the detected density attains the prescribed density. If copy operation is instructed through a switch 92 during the supply of toner, the control circuit 2 permits the copy operation and the supply of toner is continued during the copy operation.

Abstract: A tablet printing machine provided with a roll soiling detecting unit for optically detecting soiling of the surface of a roll of its printing unit. The machine is further provided with a roll cleaning unit including a cleaner to be impregnated with a cleaning liquid and adapted for pressing contact with the transfer roll of the printing unit during the rotation of the roll.

Abstract: A developing unit for an electro-photographic apparatus is described, including a toner concentration sensor provided between a paddle roller and a developing roller near the bottom of the casing. The sensor generates a toner concentration signal with high sensitivity but without substantial fluctuation.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, solder masking material is pressurized by means of a fluid pump to approximately 250 psi and high speed valve is used to turn the flow on and off rapidly in order that small "shots" of fluid are propelled from a tip, through the air, to selected portions of a circuit board. The selected areas of the circuit board to be masked are situated oppositely from the tip , as by a XY positioning system for the tip and/or the circuit board. The drops of masking material, which form upon impinging of the shots onto the circuit board, may be varied in volume and diameter. Where needed, a continuous bead of masking material may be formed on the circuit board by spacing the dots sufficiently close together.

Abstract: An improved automatic immersion coating apparatus is disclosed herein which is particularly well suited for use in applying a coating to substantially all the exposed surfaces of a workpiece without incurring any potentially damaging or wearing of the surfaces thereof. The coating apparatus is designed to allow individual workpieces to free fall into a reservoir containing a supply of the coating solution and includes a catch basket, actuation of which is carefully timed so as to enable the time during which the workpiece is immersed in the coating solution to be minimized. Additionally, apparatus is also provided whereby the coating solution is continuously recirculated and the concentration level thereof carefully monitored. This monitoring system operates to actuate metering valves whereby the solution components may be automatically replenished thus enabling the optimum concentration level to be closely maintained.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the density of a foam. The method involves measuring the electrical conductivity of a foam wherein the electrical conductivity of the foam varies with the density thereof and adjusting the density of the foam in response to the measured electrical conductivity to prepare a foam having a desired density. The apparatus comprises means for generating and applying a foam, said means being connected by an enclosed pathway. Located within the enclosed pathway is an electrical conductivity sensor. The conductivity sensor is electronically connected to a translation means. The conductivity sensor provides an electrical signal, related to conductivity of the foam, to the translation means. The translation means is connected to a gas flow controlling means.

Abstract: The dielectric layer or layers in a ceramic capacitor having at least one buried electrode is deposited by a curtain coating process that includes obtaining a measure of the ceramic-paint-curtain thickness. A source of electromagnetic radiation, e.g. in the infrared range, is directed equally near the left and right edges of the curtain, and detectors at the opposite curtain surface side pick up the difference in the radiation transmissivity which is a measure of curtain thickness assymetry left to right. By adjusting the paint reservoir from which the curtain issues to make the difference zero and the curtain symmetrical, uniformity in paint coating thickness is achieved.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispending a fluid free of included air bubbles, such as for example, an adhesive bead, includes sensing devices for detecting the presence of an included air bubble in the conduit leading from a source of the fluid to a discharge of a movable fluid dispenser. The sensing devices are connected to a motor which drives an arm on which the fluid dispenser is mounted. A first sensing device slows movement of the dispenser upon sensing an air bubble in the fluid and a second sensing device stops movement of the dispenser upon sensing an air bubble in the fluid. The movement of the dispenser is restarted after a predetermined time period sufficient to allow the air bubble to pass out of the dispenser discharge. The sensing devices advantageously use a light beam, such as infra-red light or laser, to detect the presence of the included air bubble.

Abstract: An apparatus which detects when particles being dispensed into a development system have been depleted and provides a display of that condition. The apparatus advances particles from a store thereof to the development system. A detector, associated with the particle advancer, senses the exhaustion of particles being advanced to the development system.

Abstract: An apparatus for maintaining the consumable components of an electroless plating solution at predetermined concentration in a plating tank containing the plating solution while workpieces are being processed in the tank. The apparatus measures the concentrations of the consumable components in a sample stream of the electroless plating solution and based on these measurements, meters the required amounts of the components into the plating solution. A portion of the apparatus provides for the introduction of plating solution poison into the sample stream to prevent autocatalytic decomposition and deposition of the plating metal, e.g., copper, onto to the walls and sensors of the apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus for ion and vapor deposition comprises an ion implantation assembly including an ion source, a power supply for the ion source and an accelerator-injector for implanting ions from the ion source, a film forming assembly including an evaporation source and a power supply for the evaporation source, and a control assembly for controlling the two assemblies. The control assembly comprises means for maintaining ion implantation and vapor deposition in a specified ratio at all times when ion implantation and vapor deposition are effected at the same time and, which assures that ion implantation and vapor deposition are effected at the same time in a specified ratio to form a thin film of good quality and strong adhesion.

Abstract: A thin film formation technique and apparatus therefor which comprises converting a molecular beam effusing from a molecular beam source equipment to a pulsed molecular beam; introducing the pulsed molecular beam into an ionization chamber in such a fashion that the most of the pulsed molecular beam is caused to be incident to a substrate while a part is ionized by the ionization chamber; amplifying the ion or the electron converted from the ion and converting it to an electrical signal; calculating the flux and speed of the molecular beam; controlling the molecular beam effusing from the molecular beam source equipment on the basis of the calculation information; and forming the thin film on the substrate.

Abstract: A toner supplying system for use in combination with a developing device (100) of the type having a conveyor means (300) carrying a plurality of developing units (101) such as to bring the desired developing unit to the developing position for the development of a latent image on an image carrying member (1). The toner supplying system comprises a hopper (201) disposed outside the developing device, a shaft (310) provided in the toner conveyor means, a toner transportation means (202) for transporting the toner from the hopper to the shaft, and a toner passage means (310, 350) through which the toner is supplied from the shaft to respective developing units. The toner passage means includes annular chambers (351) formed between the hollow shaft (310) and an intermediate pipe (350). The annular chambers are separated axially by partition sealing means (354).

Abstract: Liquid foam to be applied through a slot nozzle to a surface of a fabric web or other substrate is preliminarily collected in a storage vessel where its consistency is continuously monitored and maintained substantially constant. The rate of transfer from the storage vessel to the applicator is stabilized by a feedback signal from a volume or pressure sensor in the applicator. Excess foam may be recirculated from the applicator to the source.

Abstract: A copying machine employs a plurality of color developers. Monochromatic copy is reproduced by selecting one of the color developers, where one-colored toner particles are contained. The copying machine also comprises a color selection switch and an LCD display panel for displaying pictorial diagrams. The color selection for each color developer can be visually recognized by the pictorial diagram.

Abstract: A method of introducing a controlled flow of vapor from a high pressure sublimation chamber into a low pressure vapor deposition reactor, said vapor being derived from solid source material preferably, but not necessarily, having a vapor pressure above about one (1) Torr at a temperature not exceeding about 350.degree. C. The method comprises controllably heating the source material to a temperature sufficient to produce vapor therefrom at a desired pressure, and then controllably transferring the vapor through vapor transmission means to the vapor deposition reactor. During such transfer, the transmission means is maintained at a temperature sufficient to prevent condensation of the vapor therein during transfer. The vapor is delivered to the reactor in a pure state and is not mixed with any carrier medium.

Abstract: A dual mode method for controlling the density of a toner image is disclosed for an electrophotographic process. In the first mode, an electrostatic latent image is formed on a photosensitive member from a reference pattern having a predetermined reflectance, the latent image is developed, the density of the developed image is detected, and this density information is used to replenish toner to the developer. A second mode can be actuated in which the photosensitive member is excited to form a region of approximately saturating residual potential which is then developed under a predetermined bias potential, the density of the thus developed image is detected and the density information is used to determine whether the developing step is functioning properly.

Abstract: An apparatus in which the presence of toner particles is detected. The apparatus includes a member adapted to be charged by the toner particles in contact therewith. A signal is transmitted in response to the member being charged to indicate the presence of toner particles in contact with the member.

Abstract: A method of developing electrostatic latent images in a recording apparatus by forming a layer of developer containing toner particles on a conveying means, the thickness of said layer being smaller than the space existing between the image forming surface and the conveying means. The developer is transferred to the image forming surface by an alternating bias voltage. A detecting means determines the toner concentration in the developer; and the developer conditions are controlled in response to the detection of the toner concentration so that image density remains substantially constant despite change in toner concentration.