Abstract: A system for supplying heated milk or other liquids to individual drinkers from which animals, particularly baby pigs, can drink on a need basis by actuating a valve in the drinker that allows the milk to flow into the drinker. The system has a plurality of drinkers within a closed system in which the milk is supplied from a reservoir, heated to a minimum predetermined temperature range and pumped to each drinker which is positioned so that milk is continuously circulated through the drinker any time the circulating pump is running. This not only keeps the heated milk from spoiling, but it also prevents the drinkers from becoming clogged and permits the entire system to be cleaned in place.

Abstract: A freeze resistant animal watering installation includes a trough and a substantially vertical flow tube which provides water under pressure to the trough upon a valve actuator being activated by an animal accessing the trough. Any excess water is drained to a storage reservoir installed underground below frost level. A venturi is positioned on the flow tube in fluid communication with the storage reservoir, such that the flow of water along the flow tube serves to draw water from the storage reservoir.

Abstract: A livestock watering apparatus having a housing having a moveable door, a reservoir, and a valve system connected to a water source. The moveable door in combination with the valve mechanism provides a continuous flow of water to the water reservoir and allows animals to receive fresh water that is maintained at a desired level throughout the year.

Abstract: An all weather animal drinker for horses in stalls of a stable or outside in pasture and/or for other animals inside of a barn or outside of a structure in an unprotected environment. The all weather animal drinker is effective to be used inside a stable or barn or outside in an area subject to all types of climatic elements so as to provide potable water to animals or poultry under extremely hot or severely cold weather conditions. The all weather drinker includes a plurality of wells or reservoirs for circulation of temperature controlled water therebetween by use of a heating element along with various plumbing connections to operate at temperatures as low as minus thirty degrees Fahrenheit.

Abstract: A livestock watering system, designed with the user in mind, is disclosed. The present invention is comprised of an insulated removable water reservoir whereby said reservoir provides easy access to all parts of the invention. This facilitates the ease of cleaning and maintenance. Moreover, this insulated design is heated by a heating element that heats the air below the removable reservoir, to prevent freezing. The reservoir automatically refills by the use of a water level control device and is easily drained by pulling a plug, through which a stainless steel eyebolt has been placed. The use of wing nuts and bolts allows for replacement or service of individual components of the invention without the need for tools. Most all parts are preferably made of plastic or stainless steel to prevent rust and corrosion. The main objective of this design is to promote the ease of use and maintenance.

Abstract: A freeze resistant animal watering installation includes a trough and a substantially vertical flow tube which provides water under pressure to the trough upon a valve actuator being activated by an animal accessing the trough. Any excess water is drained to a storage reservoir installed underground below frost level. A venturi is positioned on the flow tube in fluid communication with the storage reservoir, such that the flow of water along the flow tube serves to draw water from the storage reservoir.

Abstract: An all weather animal drinker for horses in stalls of a stable or outside in pasture and/or for other animals inside of a barn or outside of a structure in an unprotected environment. The all weather animal drinker is effective to be used inside a stable or barn or outside in an area subject to all types of climatic elements so as to provide potable water to any species of animal or poultry under extreme weather conditions, either extremely hot or severely cold.

Abstract: A heated water bucket includes a main bucket having a bottom wall and a wall extending upwardly from the bottom wall. The side wall has an upper portion, a lower portion and a downwardly extending lip formed at the junction of the inner and outer buckets. The outer bucket has a reduced height relative to the height of the main bucket and its side wall seats within a radial groove defined by the downwardly extending lip. A heating element in the form of a foil heater is disposed between the inner and outer buckets outer shell and the main bucket. The heating element is wrapped around the side wall of the inner bucket and may be secured thereto by an adhesive backing. A power cord extends from the watering tank and is interconnected with the heating element for delivering electrical power thereto.

Abstract: A heated water bucket includes a main bucket having a bottom wall and a wall extending upwardly from the bottom wall. The side wall has an upper portion, a lower portion and a downwardly extending lip formed at the junction of the inner and outer buckets. The outer bucket has a reduced height relative to the height of the main bucket and its side wall seats within a radial groove defined by the downwardly extending lip. A heating element in the form of a foil heater is disposed between the inner and outer buckets outer shell and the main bucket. The heating element is wrapped around the side wall of the inner bucket and may be secured thereto by an adhesive backing. A power cord extends from the watering tank and is interconnected with the heating element for delivering electrical power thereto.

Abstract: A bowl (1) for containing drinking water for a pet animal, the bowl (1) including a first surface at least partially defining a depression (2) for holding the drinking water and a second surface (3) exposed to air, the first and second surfaces (2, 3) being separated by a water permeable material so that water may pass through the first surface (2) to the second surface (3), and wherein evaporation of water from the second surface (3) acts to cool the drinking water contained within the depression (2).

Abstract: An apparatus for transporting food and water for pets has a first bowl hingedly attached to a second bowl. Each bowl has a base and extending therefrom is a peripheral side wall terminating in a peripheral edge, each bowl having an open top. In a closed position the peripheral edges are arranged to be adjacent one another and when the bowls are open in a feeding/drinking position, food or drink may be inserted into a respective bowl. A lid is provided for one of the bowls having a snap-fit seal engaging with the peripheral edge of the bowl to which the lid is attached. The lid incorporates an integrally mounted freezer pack for maintaining the contents of the apparatus cool.

Abstract: A livestock watering system, designed with the user in mind, is disclosed. The present invention is comprised of an insulated removable water reservoir whereby said reservoir provides easy access to all parts of the invention. This facilitates the ease of cleaning and maintenance. Moreover, this insulated design is heated by a heating element that heats the air below the removable reservoir, to prevent freezing. The reservoir automatically refills by the use of a water level control device. Said reservoir is easily drained by pulling a plug, through which a stainless steel eyebolt has been placed. Most every part is attached with wing nuts and bolts so that no tools are needed to replace or service individual components of the invention. Furthermore, most all parts are preferably made of plastic or stainless steel to prevent rust and corrosion. In addition, practically all parts may be removed, to be serviced or replaced without the use of tools.

Abstract: A bird feeder for maintaining live bird feed at a temperature to preserve the feed. The temperature is maintained within an acceptable range with heating and cooling means, which are provided in combination with the feeder. The bird feeder has a removable front for easy cleaning, an insulated base to support the feed, and entrance openings of a proper size to admit only the desired size bird.

Abstract: This invention relates to a frost protection device for preventing sections of water pipes which are in danger of being affected by frost from freezing up. Said frost protection device consists essentially of a pressure control valve with a piston-type valve body which moves axially in a cylindrical housing. The pressure control valve also interacts with a valve seat which is connected to the section of pipe being monitored. According to the invention, the valve seat is located outside of the flow path defined by the section of pipe, in a branch which constantly communicates with said section of pipe.

Abstract: The present invention 10 discloses a device for watering pets, e.g., a dog or cat. The device 10 has the general shape of a toilet. The device comprises a base 22, a bowl 12 for holding water 16, and a tank-like structure 18 for holding dry goods 32, e.g., dog food, which tank 18 also is equipped with a lid 20. A compartment 14 for holding a heating media 36, e.g., gel, is shown underneath the bowl 12 in order to heat the bowl. An alternative embodiment discloses a bowl 12 with a seat 34 with hinges 38 on top of the bowl 12 which seat 34 is selectively placed in the up or down position.

Abstract: A non-freezing dish includes a sealed tube having a heating end and an opposite condensation end configured to be inserted into the ground with the heated end below grade. A phase change material having a gas phase and a liquid phase is sealed in the tube. Heat is absorbed from the ground into the liquid phase to generate a heated gas phase that rises to the condensation end. A condenser conducts the heat to a removable dish and condenses the gas to a cooled liquid phase that is returned to the heated end.

Abstract: A stock watering tank including a container 10 which, in use, contains water for stock, a photovoltaic cell 20, an electrically powered heater 16 located in the container 10, and a battery 26 connected to the photovoltaic cell 20 so that electrical energy produced by the photovoltaic cell 20 is stored in the battery 26 and connected to the electrically powered heater 16 so that electrical energy from the battery 26 powers the electrically powered heater 16.

Abstract: A portable water tank heating system utilizes a continuous hollow tubular loop that contains a fluid which is circulated through the tubular loop by convection to prevent the water in a drinking tank from freezing. The system is made up of the continuous loop having an outlet line containing hot fluid under relatively higher pressure and a return line containing cold fluid under relatively lower pressure and a protective housing having hot and cold chambers for holding various components including sensors to maintain the temperature of the fluid above freezing in the system. The fluid in the continuous loop flows from a reservoir and travels past a gas burner in the hot chamber for heating the fluid. As the fluid flows through a heat exchanger in a drinking tank, the fluid releases heat to the cold water in the tank before flowing back into the housing through the return line. The fluid then returns to the reservoir to repeat the operational cycle.

Abstract: A device and method for delivering an animal attractant scented liquid to a spot on the ground. The device is intended to be positioned on the ground. It employs a flexible walled container with an external gas filled balloon strapped to the container so positioned that expansion and contraction of the gas within the balloon, in response to temperature changes, causes the wall of the container to flex so as to discharge liquid from the container when the temperature rises, and cease discharging on a temperature drop.

Abstract: A recirculating livestock watering system provides drinking water at a temperature above the freezing point during the winter and below the ambient air temperature during the summer. The reservoir, having a bottom surface, a continuous side surface, and an upper rim surface, is disposed such that the bottom surface and a portion of the side surface lie underground. A water source is disposed underground at a depth below the frost line. A heating circuit includes a coil, a pump, an input valve, and a output valve. The coil has an inlet and an outlet and is placed below the frost line. The pump inlet is connected to the coil outlet and the pump outlet is connected to the coil inlet, forming a continuous enclosed path. The output valve releases water from the heating circuit into the reservoir upon demand and is disposed along the continuous enclosed path downstream from the coil outlet and upstream from the pump inlet.

Abstract: An automatic dispenser for providing animals with cool fresh liquid (e.g., water). The feeder has self-cleaning and self-refilling features that provide periodic replacement of hot, stale or dirty fluid with cool fresh refills. Solenoid valves are controlled by one or more liquid sensors, a time delay relay, timer and optional thermostat to provide flexibility and customizing of drain/refill cycles as desired in order to reflect varying ambient conditions in which the equipment is operated. Provision is also made for remote actuation of drain and refill cycles.

Abstract: A livestock waterer has a first compartment which is typically buried below ground level and has a pressurized water line entering therein. A second compartment is mounted above the first compartment and over an opening in the top of the first compartment so that air in the first compartment is in communication with the air surrounding the second compartment. A third compartment with its bottom portion also buried in the earth surrounds the second compartment and has an open top communicating with an open top of the second compartment. The water line in the first compartment is in communication with the interior of the second compartment. A float valve on the fluid line controls the level of fluid entering into the second compartment. A flexible skirt device surrounds the space between the opening in the second compartment and the opening in the third compartment. The three compartments are free from heat elements.

Abstract: A water cooler for pets for providing a source of cool drinking water for pets. The inventive device includes a cooling member, such as a refreezable ice pack, and a bottle having a top and a bottom, wherein the bottle includes a neck portion extending downward from the bottom and a cavity open to the top, wherein the cavity is adapted for receiving the cooling member. A base member is provided and includes a port adapted for receiving the neck portion of the bottle, a water basin, and a channel interconnecting the port and the water basin. The cooling member cools water disposed within the bottle such that when a pet consumes water from the water basin, the water basin is replenished with cooled water from the bottle.

Abstract: An animal watering tank includes a spherical ball closure member which is returnable to its closed position by a track which extends laterally and downwardly into the water. The track is of one piece construction and is secured to the bottom side of the top wall of the tank in an upwardly extending locating recess.

Abstract: A heated watering trough for livestock of the type comprising a central body, forming a warm water reservoir, about which are disposed a plurality of drinking bowls. The central body (1) is provided with a plurality of vertical indentations (6, 7), each terminating at its base in a shoulder (6a, 7a), in which is provided a hollow recess (9, 10) having the shape of a watering bowl and being provided with a water supply valve from the central reservoir (1). The portions (8) comprised between the indentations (6, 7) constitute separations between the different watering stations permitting several animals to drink simultaneously without fighting among themselves.

Abstract: For use with a watering trough fill control valve having float structure located to rise as water is filled into the trough via the valve, and to effect closing of the valve when the trough is filled to predetermined extent, the float structure located to fall as water level lowers in the trough, the float structure controlling a water inlet subject to freezing in closed position in winter, comprising an apparatus operatively connectible with the float structure for biasing the structure, so that it cannot completely close off ingress of water at the inlet as ambient temperature drops below water freezing level; the apparatus including a bimetallic control element.

Abstract: An animal watering apparatus has a centrally located cylindrical casing extending vertically downwardly in the ground with the surface of the water in the casing being located generally at ground level. A liquid level device or regulator is located below the surface of the water in the casing so as to not be susceptible to freezing. A water supply line is located below the frost line of the ground and provides water to the liquid level device in the central casing. A second casing is positioned in the ground and is connected to the central casing at the bottom of both casings such that the water supply to the central casing is also supplied to the second casing. Insulation surrounds substantially the length of the first and second casings. The liquid level device may be readily removed from the central casing from the ground surface so as to service the liquid level device and its associated tubing.

Abstract: An animal drinking water supply apparatus includes a cylindrical container in the form of a culvert with a flexible bowl inserted into one end of the culvert so that a horizontal upper edge of the bowl engages over the edge of the culvert with the bowl sitting inside the culvert. A transverse support member is connected across the inside of the culvert to support the base of the bowl. The support member comprises a rectangular tube within which is provided a liquid heat transfer medium and a heating element so that the upper surface of the support member upon which the bowl rests is heated to avoid freezing of the water. The depth of water is maintained within limits by a micro switch detecting the flexing of the bowl in dependence upon the weight of water.

Abstract: The livestock watering tank includes a top, bottom and sidewall. The top wall has an opening for access to the water. The opening is closed by a float. The animal drinks by pushing the float down into the water with its mouth, causing the float to partially submerge so that water is exposed and may be drunk. The float rises back to its natural position after the animal finishes drinking. The float has a port for allowing water or other weighted substance to be introduced into it. The addition of the substance into the float generally neutralizes the buoyancy of the float with respect to the water in the tank, thereby decreasing the amount of force necessary for the animal to submerge the float for drinking.

Abstract: An electrically heated molded plastic pet feeding bowl capable of being interengagedly stacked in nested relationship with similar bowls for shipment or storage has a removable electric heating unit insertable through an open bottom of the bowl into heat exchange relationship with the bottom wall of an open-top bowl cavity holding food or water to be heated. The removable heating unit includes a bottom base having an electric heating element disposed on its upper side electctrically connected to and surrounding a centrally located thermostatic control on the upper side of the bottom base. The bottom base has an upwardly convex shape for ensuring that the heating element and thermostatic control are in proper heat transfer relationship with the bottom wall of the bowl when the heating unit is installed on bowl. The under side of the bottom base has a plurality of posts about which a flexible electrical cord for supplying power to the heating element can be wound for storage within the open bottom of the bowl.

Abstract: An electric immersion heater (10) is provided for heating fluids, such as water in a livestock watering tank. The electric heater includes a heater subassembly (26), a protective cover (39), and a power cord (21) having a power plug (24). The heater subassembly (26) includes a heating element (14) having first and second ends (16A and 16B) and a molded metallic case (12 or 12A) enclosing the heating element (14). The protective cover (39) encloses and hermetically seals the operative connection of a thermostatic switch (18), the first and second ends (16A and 16B) of the heating element (14), and first, second, and third conductors (22A-22C) of the power cord (21). The thermostatic switch (18) is bonded in heat-receiving proximity to the molded case (12 or 12A). Potting compound (38) disposed intermediate of the thermostatic switch (18) and the fluid to be heated is provided as a thermal barrier for restricting the heat flow from the fluid to the thermostatic switch (18).

Abstract: The present invention is a watering system for small animals and fowl which provides for automatic cleaning of the internal surfaces of the conduits of the system. In such a watering system, residue from the water supply or nutrients in the form of vitamins, medicines, or other water additives may accumulate on the inner surfaces of the watering system conduits. This accumulation of sediment and nitrients provides a suitable environment for the growth of bacteria and other biological contaminants which may infect livestock. The invention involves connecting the conduits of a poultry house in an arrangement so that upon activation of a high pressure water supply, a high pressure fluid circuit is formed within the conduits to flush the inner surfaces of the conduits. The system may be operated automatically because mechanical switching of valves on the conduits is not required to provide the high pressure fluid flow which scrapes away the biofilm on the inner surfaces of the conduit.

Abstract: An animal waterer drinking well apparatus is utilized with an animal waterer having a cover with one or more circular openings formed therein. The apparatus comprises a circular drinking well having an outwardly extending lip at the upper end thereof and which is adaptable to be inserted into one of the openings. A plurality of slots are formed in arcuately spaced relation in the circular wall of the well slightly below the lip, and a flexible ring having arcuately spaced projections, is inserted into the slots. The projections combine with the lip to embrace circumferential portions of the cover about the opening and secure the well to the cover. An annular, inwardly extended collar is formed integral with the well and is spaced below the arcuately spaced slots; and a circular float having a diameter slightly less than the inner diameter of the well is adapted to seat upwardly against the collar due to water pressure within the well below the float to form a seal.

Abstract: A container enclosure includes a top wall, with an opening directed therethrough receiving a bucket member therewithin for containing fluid for the use of pets. Prevention of freezing of water during depressed temperatures is effected by the enclosure utilizing thickly insulated walls, as well as a floor and top wall about the bucket member, with an illumination bulb directed into the enclosure within the enclosure chamber to maintain the water in an unfrozen state.

Abstract: A freezeless animal waterer has a vertical container having a top, bottom, sidewalls and an interior compartment. A vertical tube is located within the compartment and extends upwardly from the bottom to the top of the container with both the top and the bottom of the vertical tube being open. A pressurized water supply pipe extending from a riser tube in the ground extends through the vertical tube, and upwardly out of the upper end thereof, and thence downwardly back into the container and into the interior compartment, and terminates in an outlet opening. The cross sectional area of the pressurized water supply pipe is less than that of the vertical tube or the riser tube. An electrical heating element is positioned in the compartment to warm the water therein. At least one animal operable watering valve is located in the sidewall of the container to permit animals to selectively withdraw water from the compartment.

Abstract: A nestable heated bowl comprises an outer wall, an inner wall and a bottom wall integrally connected to one another, for example, by molding plastic. The inner wall defines a cavity for receiving material such as water or food. The bottom edge of the outer wall defines an open lower end of the bowl. The bottom wall is spaced upwardly from the plane of the bottom edge of the outer wall. The inner wall and outer wall taper upwardly to define a space and are joined together to define a bowl edge. The inner wall, outer wall, and bowl edge of a second bowl are adapted to be received in said space in a compact, interengaging stackable fashion. An electric heating element, thermostat and cord are carried on underside of the bottom wall. When the bowl is inverted, the cord is windable around the thermostat adjacent to the heating element so as not to interfere with the interengaging nesting of a second bowl with the first bowl during shipment.

Abstract: An animal feeder is provided for delivering temperature-regulated liquid feed to one or more animal feed sites. A refrigerated or heated reservoir stores the liquid feed, and one two or three conduits lead from the reservoir to a feed dish which has a bowl portion and a heat exchange portion. A conduit supplies the bowl through a float valve which maintains the liquid in the bowl at a predetermined level. Conduits also circulate liquid through the heat exchange chamber which serves to cool or heat the solid and/or liquid feed in the bowl.

Abstract: An animal watering drinker has a tank having walls surrounding a chamber for holding water. A top unit mounted on the tank has drinking openings and a continuous first baffle extended downward below the normal level of water in the chamber. The top unit has a top opening open to the space surrounded by the first baffle. A cap mounted on the top unit closes the top opening therein. The cap has a second baffle extended downwardly below the normal level of water in the chamber surrounding a float valve assembly operable to supply water to the chamber. In one form of the drinker, the cap has a plug that closes the top opening in the top unit. Doors pivotally mounted on the top unit normally close the drinking openings.

Abstract: A unitary housing mounts a container upon a thermostatically controlled heating grid to provide low-level heat to potpourri components positioned within the container. An overlying reservoir integrally mounted to the base includes a drip feed organization to provide constant and metered flow of fluid to the container to maintain a desired moisture level within the container in use. The container is formed with rib structure to maintain convection curves within the container to enhance thorough heating of the potpourri components contained therewithin.

Abstract: A drinking water distribution system for poultry is disclosed providing poultry such as turkeys and chickens with fresh clean drinking water. The system utilizes gravity feed to distribute water from a reservoir through a conduit to a series of water cups connected to the conduit in open communication with the conduit and extending upwardly therefrom. The conduit and reservoir are suspendingly supported above the floor of the poultry house by cables depending downwardly from overhead portions of the poultry house and connected to a winch so as to be easily raised to a suitable height to accommodate growth of the poultry. The system further monitors the water temperature and if the temperature of the water gets too warm, the system replaces it with water of a lower temperature. The invention further includes an arrangement for periodically purging and cleansing the system by replacing the drinking water with liquid disinfectant for a predetermined dwell period.

Abstract: A method of magnetically treating drinking water for domestic livestock comprises the steps of: mechanically filtering the water to effect removal of ferromagnetic particles; causing the water to pass through a magnetic field of alternating polarity of an intensity between 600 and 6500 gauses and of a field gradient of between 0.2 and 6.0 kgauss/cm, whereby the flow is laminar at a velocity of between 0.5 and 2.4 m/s.; recirculating water not consumed by the animals by pumping it again through the magnetic field, while choosing the distance between the points of alternating polarity and the water velocity in such a manner that each water particle experiences not less than 2 and not more than 60 polarity changes per second.

Abstract: An apparatus including a pet watering dish including an upper cavity and a lower cavity wherein the lower cavity receives in a complementary manner a plate warmer therewithin. The plate warmer includes a plurality of heating coils operative in concert or individually for selective heating of the upper bowl cavity. A modification of the instant invention includes an exterior bowl wall positioned exteriorly of an interior bowl wall to define an internal fluid containing cavity therebetween with an exterior fluid moat defined between the exterior wall and the interior wall to prevent crawling insects from contamination of the interior bowl cavity. A heating element is positioned underlying the floor of the bowl.

Abstract: An animal watering unit includes a cylindrical tank which is closed at the bottom and buried on end with its open top near ground level. Water is supplied to the tank through supply piping controlled by a float operated valve. An insulated disk serves as a cover for the tank to inhibit heat loss through the top and also as a float which controls the float valve through an adjustable chain linkage. Incoming water is discharged into the tank in a swirling pattern at the bottom. An insulated collar surrounds the upper portion of the tank near the ground surface. This construction takes advantage of the subsurface ground heat to maintain the water temperature above freezing without the need for an electric heater or other type of heater.

Abstract: The bird watering device utilizes solar energy to maintain drinking water in an unfrozen state even in freezing temperatures. Water is held in a shallow tray which fits within an enclosing dish with a substantial closed airspace between the tray and the dish to provide an insulating effect. A cover fits over the disk and tray, the cover being apertured to permit a bird access to water held in the tray. A rim extends downwardly from the aperture to substantially obstruct air circulation of air in the space between the cover and water held in the tray.

Abstract: A heat pipe for providing enhanced thermal conductivity for transfering heat from a heat sink, such as the earth, to a separate medium, including an elongated, generally vertical, tube closed at each end and having a heat absorption portion adjacent the lower end and a heat dissipation portion adjacent the upper end, the wall of the tube having an integral spiraled groove therein forming internal spiraled valleys and ridges, a refrigerant within the tube having a liquid and a vapor phase wherein the refrigerant is converted to vapor in the heat absorption portion and the vapor is converted to liquid in the heat dissipation portion, the vapor being free to rise within the interior of the tube, the condensed liquid refrigerant flowing downwardly in the tube interior spiraled valleys.

Abstract: An animal waterer comprises a bowl having an open top and a bottom drain, and a valve is operatively associated with the drain for selectively blocking and unblocking the drain. A water supply line cooperates with the valve and is operably associated with the bowl for supplying water to the bowl when the valve blocks the drain so that the bowl thereby fills with water and for causing water to drain from the bowl when the valve does not block the drain. A sensing system is operatively associated with the bowl and with the drain for causing the valve to block the drain when the presence of an animal is sensed so that the bowl is thereby filled with water for the animal to drink and for causing the valve to unblock the drain when no animal is sensed so that the bowl is drained of water.

Abstract: An animal watering drinker has a tank having end walls with drinking well pockets. A top wall unit mounted on the tank has a continuous baffle surrounding a float valve assembly and bosses closing the backs of the pockets. Lids pivotally mounted on the top wall unit normally close the tops of the drinking well pockets.

Abstract: A livestock watering device is disclosed, including an insulated tank, at least one opening through the top for an animal to gain access, and at each opening, at least one horizontally arranged buoyant door pivotally connected at one side thereof on the underside of the top adjacent to the opening, by flexible rubber straps. The upper surface of each door has a flat periphery on the hinged and adjacent sides for engaging the underside of the top of the tank adjacent the opening, and a scooped central portion falling away from the flat periphery so as to drain away from the periphery. Preferably, the flat periphery of each door lies entirely radially outwardly of the walls of the opening. A resilient seal may be added to provide a double seal. In an alternative embodiment, there are two doors per opening, the doors being pivotally connected at opposite sides of each opening and arranged to swing towards and away from each other.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention there is provided an animal watering device comprising an insulated reservoir and a heat tube capable of extending from a point in the earth below the frost line upwardly into the container and thereby transferring the heat of the earth into the water in the reservoir as a result of a suitable working fluid contained in the heat tube. Also there is provided a heat tube having a twisted wall and a wound section in the reservoir.

Abstract: An animal watering drinker has a tank having end walls with drinking well pockets. A top wall unit mounted on the tank has a continuous baffle surrounding a float valve assembly and bosses closing the backs of the pockets. Lids pivotally mounted on the top wall unit normally close the tops of the drinking well pockets.