Abstract: Coal or other high ash containing carbonaceous solid fuel is reacted with a free-oxygen containing gas, with or without a temperature moderator, in a down-flow partial oxidation gas generator to produce a stream of raw synthesis gas, fuel gas, or reducing gas. A large portion of the combustion residue, i.e., molten slag and/or particulate solids that is entrained in the down-flowing generated gas stream is removed by gravity when the gas stream is passed through a diversion chamber where the velocity of the gas stream is reduced and its direction is diverted. The main gas stream leaving the diversion chamber through the side outlet passes upward through a solids separation zone, optionally including gas-gas quench cooling, cyclones, filters, impingement separators, or combinations thereof, where additional entrained solids are removed and where some cooling of the gas stream may be effected by impingement with a cooled cleaned recycle portion of the gas stream.

Abstract: Coal or other high ash containing carbonaceous solid fuel is reacted with a free-oxygen containing gas, with or without a temperature moderator, in a down-flow partial oxidation gas generator to produce a stream of raw synthesis gas, fuel gas, or reducing gas. A large portion of the combustion residue, i.e. molten slag and/or particulate solids that is entrained in the down-flowing generated gas stream is removed by gravity when the gas stream is passed through a diversion chamber. The main gas stream leaving the diversion chamber through the side outlet passes upward through a solids separation zone, optionally including gas-gas quench cooling, cyclones, filters, impingement separators, or combinations thereof. Next, most of the sensible heat in the gas stream is recovered by indirect heat exchange with boiler feed water and steam. Saturated and superheated steam are produced.

Abstract: A method for recovering sensible heat from a thermally decomposed high temperature hydrocarbon gas product in the form of high pressure steam of from 40 to 100 kg/cm.sup.2 has been discovered. This method comprises pre-cooling at first the thermally decomposed gas product of high temperature by mixing said gas product with sprayed low temperature hydrocarbon oil as a quenching oil to a temperature of about 300.degree. to 400.degree. C.; and then passing the mixture through the tubes of a shell-and-tube type heat exchanger so as to transfer the heat of said resulting mixture into a high pressure water flowing through the space of the shell side thereof to recover a high pressure steam, followed by separating the condensed hydrocarbon oil from the mixture to reuse said oil by recirculation.

Abstract: A waste heat boiler has an elongated horizontally oriented gas pass, a steam drum extending lengthwise of the gas pass but wholly outside the same at an elevation near but not above the roof of the gas pass. Transversely extending rows of nested water tubes which are preferably L-shaped with vertical and substantially horizontal stretches have the outer extremities of their substantially horizontal stretches joined to vertical feeder headers that extend upwardly along one side wall of the gas pass, and have the upper extremities of their vertical stretches joined to collecting headers that extend transversely across the gas pass just below its roof. The rows of tubes are arranged in groups or bundles, each held together by distributing headers and receiving headers that are separately connected with the steam drum and to which are respectively joined the feeder headers and the receiving headers.

Abstract: A flow of hot combustion gas from an open gas turbine plant surrenders heat via an intermediate forced-flow circuit to a vapor circuit system in which a hydrocarbon working medium flows. The forced-flow intermediate circuit uses a liquid heat vehicle such as a mixture of diphenyl and diphenyl oxide to transfer heat from the hot exhaust gas of the open gas turbine plant to the working medium of the vapor circuit system. This heat vehicle is passed through a plurality of successively connected tubes in the exhaust gas duct so as to reduce the amount of leakage should a leak occur in the tubes and, thus, the chance of an explosion.The waste heat transferred to the vapor circuit system can be used to drive a compressor of a refrigerating circuit, e.g. used to cool a flow of natural gas in a pipeline located in an arctic region.

Abstract: A boiler including a main bank of riser tubes and at least one downcomer tube which are connected by upper and lower headers of flat construction. The main bank of tubes being arranged within a housing the bank of riser tubes being adjacent a furnace combustion chamber.

Abstract: A vertical watertube boiler in which a bank of vertically oriented uniformly spaced watertubes, located in an upright cylindrical shell that has enlarged diameter upper and lower end portions, connect paired headers mounted on and protruding into diametrically opposite sides of the enlarged diameter end portions of the shell, the end portions of the tubes being bent laterally outward and joined to wall portions common to the headers and the gas pass formed by the shell; the headers associated with the upper enlarged diameter end portion of the shell being connected by risers with a steam drum and the headers at the lower enlarged end portion of the shell being connected with the steam drum by downcomers.

Abstract: In the control of the operation of a power plant including a gas turbine power generating unit, a main boiler whose heat source is exhaust gas of the gas turbine and which supplies steam to a heat load, a back-up boiler which has an independent fuel system and which is operated to supply steam to the heat load when the quantity of supply of steam of the main boiler to the load is insufficient, and a heat exchanger which is disposed in a boiler feeding system common to the main boiler and the back-up boiler and which receives excess steam or condensed water as discharged from the heat load and heats feed water, a method of operating a power plant and apparatus therefor comprising a circulating pipe for connecting a steam generating portion of the back-up boiler and the heat exchanger and for causing boiler feed water to flow from the back-up boiler back to the heat exchanger even during shutdown of the back-up boiler, and valve means disposed in the circulating pipe and adapted to be shut when a condition of t

Abstract: In a system for combustion of fuel to produce heat in which there are alternate primary and secondary means to supply combustion air and in which the fuel flow is ratioed to the total air flow, the flow of fuel to the combustion chamber is controlled on shutdown of operation of the primary means for supplying combustion air by activating the secondary means for supplying combustion air and relaying a signal to the ratio controller which falsely indicates sufficiently low flow of air to the combustion chamber to cause an immediate reduction of flow of fuel to the combustion chamber to be within safe limits.

Abstract: In a safety device for a waste-gas channel of a gas turbine in a combined gas turbine-steam power plant, the waste-gas channel having a waste-gas bypass line as well as a waste-gas branch line to a steam generator, includes a bypass flap disposed in the bypass line and a waste-gas flap disposed in the branch line, both the flaps being openable and closable in opposition to one another, the waste-gas flap being constructed as a check flap, and motor means for driving the waste-gas flap with free-wheeling beyond a range of the end positions thereof so that, at the beginning of closing movement of the bypass flap, the waste-gas flap is drivable from the closed position thereof by the motor means until the friction of the closed position thereof is overcome, means for signaling to the bypass flap partial opening of the waste-gas flap so as only then to effect complete closing of the bypass flap, the waste-gas flap being further openable automatically in response to increasing gas pressure in the waste-gas branch

Abstract: A waste heat recovery system which can be attached to, and made part of, an existing thermal oxidizer-stack system, at minimum cost, without reducing the reliability of the existing oxidizer-stack system. It comprises a conventional heat transfer means, which is connected at its input through a refractory lined first conduit, to an opening through the wall of the first stack of the thermal oxidizer-stack system. The outlet of the heat exchanger is connected through a second conduit to an induced draft means, which can be a conventional blower, the outlet of which is connected to a second stack. The action of the induced draft blower is to cause inflow of hot stack gases through the first conduit and through the heat exchanger and to pass the cooled stack gases out the second stack. A first temperature sensor is placed in the stack between the inlet from the thermal oxidizer and the opening where the gases are drawn into the first conduit. A second thermal sensor is placed in the first conduit.

Abstract: A method of preheating combustion air being supplied to a furnace, and a furnace including the means for preheating the combustion air. The method comprises circulating a portion of fluid from a fluid stream first in non-contact heat exchange relationship with the flue gas for heat collection, then circulating this portion of fluid in non-contact heat exchange relationship with the combustion air for heat donation thereto. The rate of circulation and temperature of the portion of fluid is controllable substantially independently of the rate of flow and temperature of the parent fluid stream. The furnace comprises means to heat a portion of a fluid stream and includes means to circulate, at a controllable rate and temperature, such portion of fluid from a fluid stream through an adjunct loop connected to the fluid stream for collection of heat from the flue gases and donation of heat to the combustion air.

Abstract: A system for cooling high-temperature gasifiers and method for its operation wherein cooling conduits extend vertically through the walls of the gasifier and are connected at their ends to a closed-water circulation system which incorporates heat exchangers for removing heat from the system. Boiling in the system is prevented, and good heat transfer characteristics are achieved, by maintaining a high pressure system, at least 40 bar, coupled with a flow velocity of between 5 and 7 meters per second at a maximum internal diameter of the cooling conduits of 51 millimeters. Means are provided for maintaining the temperature of the water exiting from the cooling conduits at least 10.degree. C below the boiling point at the pressure and flow rate of the system.

Abstract: A complete system for installation within a house, and which heats the house in winter, cools it in summer, provides a hot and cold water supply throughout the year and all its electrical appliances; the system in one design includes a gasoline engine connected to an electrical generator, the cooling system of the engine and the exhaust gases from the engine delivering heat to heaters in an air duct and in a water boiler; and the generator developing electrical energy to a heating coil in the air duct, supplies energy to a cooling system connected to a cooling unit inside the air duct and a cooler located along the cold water supply of the house, and also is connected to the house electrical wiring so to provide electric power thereto.

Abstract: This invention relates to waste heat steam boiler plant and in particular to a transition chamber for joining a waste heat gas duct to a waste heat boiler in such plant. The cross-section of the boiler inlet differs from that of the waste gas duct and so this transition chamber has a cross-section which progressively joins one to the other. Instead of using refractory clad steel the chamber is made according to the invention from air-tight water cooled tube panels formed of tubes joined by fins.

Abstract: An improved waste-heat boiler for cooling and recovering heat from the hot gaseous product of a partial combustion process is disclosed. The waste-heat boiler contains gas tubes, the straight parts of which protrude through the separation plate between the cooling chamber and the gas inlet chamber into the gas inlet chamber. The straight parts of the gas tubes are surrounded by cooling jackets, which are connected with the inlet ends of the gas tubes. In the ring-shaped spaces between the straight parts of the gas tubes and the cooling jackets axial tubular conducting bodies are present. The axial tubular conducting bodies are connected with coolant supply lines wherein water is pumped for cooling the gas inlet ends.

Abstract: A combustion engine driven liquid heater wherein an internal combustion engine is utilized as the primary liquid heating energy source. The internal combustion engine is submerged in a container of liquid to be heated and is adapted to operate in its submerged condition. A friction heater is also submerged in the liquid to be heated and is driven from the internal combustion engine. In addition, the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine is caused to meander throughout the liquid before exhausting to the atmosphere. The liquid thus heated is then flowed through a heat dissipation or radiation system such as might be found in the conventional home. Thus, not only is the heat of combustion and all the heat produced by the power of combustion fully utilized to heat the liquid, but in addition, the heat given off due to friction of engine parts is also captured and fully utilized.

Abstract: A device which is a natural circulation cooling water system, comprising coolers made up of several rows of vertical tubes for cooling water, a header supplying cooling water to said tubes from a separating tank, being referred hereinafter to as a separator, and a header discharging steam-water mixture from the coolers to the separator.Both the inlets and outlets of the rows of the cooler tubes are in addition individually connected through cutoff means to a service water supply pipe and to a drain pipeline accordingly. The cutoff means are designed so that when they are placed in one position the tubes are connected to the cooling water natural circulation system while in another position they are coupled to a service water cooling system.

Abstract: In an evaporative cooling method by natural circulation of cooling water by the use of an evaporative cooling device comprising a cooling pipe fitted to an object to be cooled and a steam separator drum arranged above said cooling pipe, said cooling pipe and said steam separator drum being connected together by a downcomer and a riser, the cooling water in said cooling pipe is kept in complete liquid state and part of cooling water is evaporated only in said riser and said steam separator drum by setting parameters to satisfy the following formula:Q/V.sup.. .rho..sup.. c<.DELTA.T.sub.eq (P.sub.o, Ph.sub.3)WhereQ : Thermal load acting on said cooling pipeV : Amount of circulated cooling water in said cooling pipe.rho. : Lensity of cooling waterc : Specific heat of cooling waterP.sub.o : Pressure of said steam separator drumPh.sub.3 : Pressure of cooling water in the uppermost part of said cooling pipe.DELTA.T.sub.eq (P.sub.o, Ph.sub.3) : Boiling equilibrium temperature difference between P.sub.o and Ph.sub.

Abstract: An apparatus for flamelessly reconcentrating liquid desiccant including vertically disposed upper and lower enclosed reboiler chambers having an enclosed heating section interposed therebetween. Water-rich liquid desiccant is continuously recirculated between the upper and lower reboiler drums through riser conduits disposed within the heating section and return conduits exterior thereof. Simultaneously with the recirculation of the water-rich liquid desiccant an exhaust gas stream from a prime mover is passed through the heating section to convectionally heat the liquid desiccant within the riser conduits causing disengagement of water vapors therefrom. The upper drum includes an outlet for the disengaged water vapors and also an outlet for the resultant water-lean liquid desiccant.

Abstract: A vertical firetube boiler in which the upper tube sheet has a dished formation to coact with an annular baffle spaced down from the peripheral portion of the upper tube sheet, to cause the circulating steam-water mixture in the boiler to flow radially outward along the underside of the upper tube sheet to a circular row or belt of holes that open to an annular steam collecting chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for flamelessly reconcentrating liquid desiccant includes upper and lower enclosed reboiler drums having an enclosed heating section interposed therebetween. Water-rich liquid desiccant is continuously recirculated between the upper and lower reboiler drums through riser conduits disposed within the heating section and return conduits exterior thereof. Simultaneously with the recirculation of the water-rich liquid desiccant an exhaust gas stream from a prime mover is passed through the heating section to convectionally heat the liquid desiccant within the riser conduits causing disengagement of water vapors therefrom. The upper drum includes an outlet for the disengaged water vapors and also an outlet for the resultant water-lean liquid desiccant.

Abstract: In a method of processing fuel shale to produce energy and cement clinker at the same time, oil shale and/or coal shale are disintegrated, homogenized and activated in a pin beater mill or vibrating mill. The effect of the treatment is monitored by X-ray microanalysis and the treatment is automatically controlled. The admixtures required for the production of a cement having the desired quality are added simultaneously at controlled rates. The thus treated material is then burnt in a boiler plant, preferably at combustion temperatures up to 1400.degree.C and with simultaneous sintering, whereby ash and/or slag is formed which contains at least 60% cement clinker. Said cement clinker is separated from the residual ash and slag and in an impact-type mill is disintegrated in such a manner that each clinker particle is subjected to 3-8 impacts within a time of preferably less than 0.

Abstract: A vertical firetube boiler in which the upper tube sheet has a dished formation to coact with an annular baffle spaced down from the peripheral portion of the upper tube sheet, to cause the circulating steam-water mixture in the boiler to flow radially outward along the underside of the upper tube sheet to a circular row or belt of holes that open to an annular steam collecting chamber.