Abstract: A variable valve lift apparatus may include a variable valve lift housing, a master piston which is slidably disposed in the variable valve lift housing and contacts a cam, a slave piston which is slidably disposed in the variable valve lift housing, defines an oil chamber with the master piston therebetween, and opens a valve connected to the slave piston according to reciprocative motion of the master piston, and a lift control portion which supplies oil to the oil chamber or exhausts oil in the oil chamber selectively to control a relative distance between the master piston and the slave piston.

Abstract: In a hydraulic variable valve timing mechanism including a lock pin that locks a vane rotor and a housing against relative rotation in the most retarding phase, a specified angle ? is set so that release of the lock pin is started at a time when positive cam torque acts on the vane rotor. When the crank angle reaches the specified angle ?, supply of hydraulic pressure to the advancing oil chamber is started to release the lock pin from the engagement with the lock hole, thereby enabling a reliable release of the lock pin prior to start of change of valve timing.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine is employed for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. The control apparatus includes a variable valve operating mechanism which changes a valve characteristic of an engine valve; a valve stop mechanism which stops opening/closing of the engine valve in at least one cylinder; and a controller which executes a variable valve control that makes an actual value of the valve characteristic match a target value by executing a hydraulic pressure control for the variable valve operating mechanism, and which operates the valve stop mechanism so that a reduced-cylinder operation is performed when an engine operating state is in a preset reduced-cylinder operation region. If it is determined that a pressure of hydraulic fluid supplied to the variable valve operating mechanism satisfies a preset condition when the engine operating state is in the reduced-cylinder operation region, the controller prohibits the variable valve control.

Abstract: The present invention provides to a rocker arm apparatus for cylinder deactivation with a new structure for increasing fuel efficiency in a gasoline engine. For this, the present invention provides a rocker arm apparatus for cylinder deactivation including: a rocker arm; a restoring spring supported at the bottom of a rear end portion of the rocker arm; a roller coupled to the rocker arm to be pressed by a cam; a pair of rocker shaft assemblies each including first and second rocker shafts, and a connecting rod integrally connecting the first and second rocker shafts; a pair of rocker shaft support members connected to the rocker arm by means of the first and second rocker shafts; and a transfer member for controlling the rocker shaft assembly.

Abstract: An oil pressure control apparatus includes a control valve mechanism being in communication with a pump via a first fluid passage and being in communication with a control apparatus via a second fluid passage, a third fluid passage diverging from the first fluid passage to supply oil to a predetermined portion other than the control apparatus, and a fluid passage dimension regulating mechanism including a movable member provided at the third fluid passage and including an opening for regulating a fluid passage dimension of the third fluid passage. The fluid passage dimension regulating mechanism is in communication with a fourth fluid passage diverging from the second fluid passage and biases the movable member to a side increasing the fluid passage dimension by applying the hydraulic pressure of the fourth fluid passage to the movable member separately from the hydraulic pressure of the third fluid passage.

Abstract: A method, device, and control unit for controlling an actuator in open loop, particularly for a valve, preferably for a gas-exchange valve of an internal combustion engine, having at least one control valve for opening the valve and one control valve for closing the valve, each of the control valves being capable of being driven by at least one drive pulse whose duration determines a position on the positioning travel of the valve. The valve is opened/closed in one lift and/or a plurality of partial lifts and at least one drive pulse is assigned to each lift and/or each partial lift, and the valve is assigned at least one transducer which generates a signal that discloses values of a discrete positioning travel of the valve and of an assigned time and/or of a discrete instant and of an assigned positioning travel. The method for controlling the actuator includes: a. Starting of a drive pulse having a setpoint duration of the drive pulse for opening and/or closing the valve, b.

Abstract: An electro-hydraulic variable valve lift apparatus may include a housing, a master portion which is slidably disposed to the housing and contacts a cam, a first oil supply portion which supplies hydraulic pressure, a slave piston which is slidably disposed within the housing and defines an oil chamber with the master portion, a latching portion which is supplied the hydraulic pressure from the first oil supply portion and selectively connects the slave piston and the master portion, a second oil supply portion which selectively supplies hydraulic pressure to the oil chamber so as to control relative distances between the master portion and the slave piston when the slave piston is disengaged with the master portion, and a stepped portion formed to the housing between the master portion and the slave piston to elastically support the master portion.

Abstract: An adjustable-stroke solenoid valve assembly includes supply, control, and exhaust ports, an inner cavity having first and second seats, a solenoid coil, and a plunger assembly. The plunger assembly includes an armature shifted by the coil. The plunger assembly also includes a stem having a first end adjustably engaged with the armature, and a second end adjustably engaged with a poppet. The plunger assembly additionally includes a first surface that gets pressed against the first seat to block fluid flow to the control port when the coil is de-energized and a second surface that gets pressed against the second seat to facilitate fluid flow to the control port when the coil is energized. Adjustment of the stem's first end relative to the armature and of the poppet on the stem's second end establish a predetermined stroke for the plunger assembly and a predetermined fluid flow rate to the control port.

Abstract: A control device projects a lock pin to lock a VCT phase in an intermediate lock phase when a lock request occurs. A learning unit learns one of a most retarded phase, a most advanced phase, and an intermediate lock phase, as a reference phase. A control unit sets a target phase according to the reference phase and controls the control device. A monitor unit determines that the VCT phase has passed through the intermediate lock phase when the lock request occurs before completion of learning of the reference phase, and when a change in the VCT phase becomes greater than a threshold. The threshold is set to be greater than a sum of i) a design value of a phase difference between the intermediate lock phase and one of the most retarded phase and the most advanced phase and ii) a range of a product variation of the phase difference.

Abstract: A variable valve actuation system to actuate and control the seating velocity of an internal combustion engine valve is disclosed. The system comprises: a housing having a bore formed therein; an outer piston slidably disposed in the bore, the outer piston having an orifice formed therein; a catch piston slidably disposed in the outer piston; and an cone-shaped extension extending from the inner piston, wherein the cone-shaped extension is adapted to provide a variable flow area through the outer piston orifice to provide improved engine valve seating.

Abstract: Self-adaptive hydraulic variable valve timing system for an internal combustion diesel engine, comprising an electronic control unit, an oil pump, a pressure regulating reversing valve, an oil return tube, an oil line, an oil supply main tube, an oil supply branch tube, and a self-adaptive pushrod length changing assembly. When the engine's oil exceeds 70° C., and engine's rotational speed is greater than or equal to 1300 r/m, and engine's load is greater than or equal to 50%, the control unit is configured to send instructions to the pressure regulating reversing valve to switch oil flow direction towards the oil line which leads to the self-adaptive pushrod length changing assembly and thereby put the engine in an operating mode.

Abstract: There are output pistons 18 for opening intake valves 11, an intake cam 19 coaxial with a crankshaft 7 to actuate an input piston 22, a hydraulic control valve 20, output passageways 25A, 25B connecting the output pistons 18 to the hydraulic control valve, and an input passageway 24 connecting an input hydraulic chamber 21 to the hydraulic control valve. The hydraulic control valve has one state, which enables pressure-transmission communication between the input passageway and the output passageway 25A at least during a period for one cycle of reciprocating motion of the input piston 22, and another state, which enables pressure-transmission communication between the input passageway and the output passageway 25B at least during the period for one cycle of reciprocating motion of the input piston 22. The hydraulic control valve assumes the states alternately in every rotation of the intake cam 19.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling valve displacement of an internal combustion engine comprises a rocker arm having a first arm portion and a second arm portion, said rocker arm being pivotable about a pivot interposed between said first and second arm portions. The apparatus further comprises an actuation arrangement adapted to actuate said first arm portion of said rocker arm and a valve arrangement adapted to be actuated by said second arm portion of said rocker arm. A damper arrangement is pivotably connected to said first arm portion and adapted for damping movement of said rocker arm around said pivot.

Abstract: A valve mechanism is disclosed for a cylinder of an internal combustion engine which comprises two gas exchange poppet valves mounted in a cylinder head, a bridge 122 acting on the two valves, a cam for actuating the two valves, a slider 124 movable by the cam and slidable relative to the bridge 122, and a hydraulically controlled locking system having a latched position in which the slider transmits the force of the cam to the bridge 122 to actuate the two valves and a released position in which the valves are deactivated and the slider slides freely relative to the bridge. In the invention, the slider 124 is urged towards the cam by a spring 134 acting between the slider 124 and the cylinder head.

Abstract: A fluid-pressure-operated valve timing controller includes an outer rotor, an inner rotor, and a spiral spring constructed by an element wire spirally extending. The spiral spring biases the inner rotor in a biasing direction when the spiral spring twistingly deforms in accordance with sliding rotation of the inner rotor in a deformation direction relative to the outer rotor. The spiral spring has a bent part bent to protrude in a radial direction. The bent part of the spiral spring is linearly contact with a part of the element wire located adjacent to the bent part in the radial direction.

Abstract: Pneumatic system for controlling the valves of an internal combustion engine; the pneumatic system is provided with: a pneumatic accumulator containing pressurized air; a pneumatic manifold; a control device to connect the pneumatic manifold alternatively to the pneumatic accumulator with the internal combustion engine in the high rpm range and to the atmosphere with the internal combustion engine in the low rpm range; a plurality of pneumatic springs, each of which has a variable volume actuating chamber and a piston mounted slidingly inside the actuating chamber; a plurality of connecting conduits, each of which connects the actuating chamber of a respective pneumatic spring to the pneumatic manifold; and a plurality of calibrated cross-sectional portions, each of which has a reduced cross-sectional area and is arranged along a respective connecting conduit.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine and method of operating such an engine are disclosed. In some embodiments, the engine includes a piston provided within a cylinder, wherein a combustion chamber is defined within the cylinder at least in part by a face of the piston, and an intake valve within the cylinder capable of allowing access to the combustion chamber. The engine further includes a source of compressed air, where the source is external of the cylinder and is coupled to the cylinder by way of the intake valve, and where the piston does not ever operate so as to compress therewithin an amount of uncombusted fuel/air mixture, whereby the engine is capable of operating without a starter. In further embodiments, the piston is rigidly coupled to another, oppositely-orientated second piston, and the two pistons move in unison in response to combustion events to drive hydraulic fluid to a hydraulic motor.

Abstract: In one exemplary embodiment of the invention an internal combustion engine includes a piston disposed in a cylinder, a valve configured to control flow of air into the cylinder and an actuator coupled to the valve to control a position of the valve. The internal combustion engine also includes a controller coupled to the actuator, wherein the controller is configured to close the valve when an uncontrolled condition for the internal engine is determined.

Abstract: A hydraulic orifice which is mounted at a head oil journal formed in a cylinder head and supplies an oil to a supply line after reducing pulsation of the oil supplied to the head oil journal, may include a body pressed on the head oil journal so as to form a chamber with the cylinder head, a joining line formed along a longitudinal axis of the body therein and fluid-communicating with the supply line, and at least two hydraulic lines formed in the body and connecting the chamber with an end of the joining line in the body to supply the oil through the other end thereof to the supply line, wherein the oils passing through the at least two hydraulic lines are joined at the end of the joining line with different phases such that the pulsation of the oil in the joining line is reduced.

Abstract: There are provided first and second extending oil passages supplying operational oil to intake-side and exhaust-side lash adjustors, a first connection oil passage interconnecting one end portions of the oil passages, and an oil-pressure control valve selecting a first state in which the first extending oil passage does not connect to a drain oil passage or a second state in which the first extending oil passage connects to the drain oil passage. An orifice is provided in an oil passage which is located on the side of the first connection oil passage relative to a supply portion of the operational oil supplied to the lash adjustor and located on the side of the first connection oil passage relative to another supply portion of the operational oil supplied to the lash adjustor.

Abstract: A hydraulic assembly (5) for a cylinder head (2) of an internal combustion engine having a hydraulically variable valve train (1) is provided. A high pressure chamber (11), a medium pressure chamber (12) and a low pressure chamber (16), which serves as a hydraulic medium reservoir, are configured in the hydraulic assembly. The low pressure chamber communicates through a throttling point (17) with the medium pressure chamber, which throttling point is formed by a displaceable valve body (19) and, depending on the position of the valve body, provides flow cross-sections of different sizes in order to minimize the leakage out of the hydraulic assembly.

Abstract: An electro-hydraulic variable valve lift apparatus may include a valve unit housing of which a guide protrude portion is formed therein, a main piston which is slidably disposed in the valve unit housing and defines a valve adjusting oil chamber with the valve unit housing, a main spring which is disposed within the valve adjusting oil chamber and elastically supports the main piston on the guide protrude portion, a dependent piston which is slidably disposed within the valve unit housing, is guided along the guide protrude portion, reciprocates according to reciprocation of the main piston, and opens a valve, and a main oil supply portion which selectively supplies hydraulic pressure to the valve adjusting oil chamber.

Abstract: A controller for a variable valve actuation device is provided. The controller prevents the startability of an internal combustion engine from being degraded. An electronic controller (91) performs a phase advancing control at engine starting to advance valve timing (VT) by oil pressure of an phase advancing chamber (37) and oil pressure of a phase retarding chamber (38) provided in a phase changing mechanism (30) if a residual oil amount (Q) is greater than or equal to a reference oil amount (QA) at engine starting. In addition, when the valve timing (VT) reaches an intermediate angular phase (VTmdl) , the valve timing (VT) is held in the intermediate angular phase (VTmdl) by oil pressure of the phase changing mechanism (30).

Abstract: A hydraulic control system includes an oil control valve to control oil flow within a valvetrain. The control valve varies the flow rate to actuate an engine component from a first position to a second position based upon fluid pressure from the control valve. Varying the flow rate through the control valve includes increasing the flow rate through the control valve to increase the pressure to a first level to actuate the engine component to the first position. After the engine component is actuated, the flow rate through the control valve is maintained at a level sufficient to maintain the engine component in the first position. To actuate the engine component to the second position the flow rate through the control valve is then decreased. The fluid flow rate through the control valve is then maintained at a level sufficient to maintain the engine component in the second position.

Abstract: The mass production of the MultiAir/UniAir of Fiat/INA proves that the hydraulic control can reliably actuate the valves of the modern internal combustion engines, making them greener. Removing the valve springs from the valves and controlling by the cam not only the valve opening but also the valve restoring, the hydraulic system has easier work to do, the rev limit increases, the height and the cost of the engine decrease and the engine can operate according all the MultiAir strategies. Optionally, the control by high speed solenoid valves can be replaced by easier and cheaper control wherein the rotation of the oil piston is what varies the valve lift and the valve duration. If necessary, slow, cheap, low power servomotors can micro-align the angular displacement of different oil pistons to balance the load between the cylinders.

Abstract: The present invention increases cold temperature oil flow through the variable cam timing (VCT) phaser to reduce the amount of time it takes to replace this oil with warmer low viscosity oil and thereby improve performance. Furthermore the oil flow through the VCT phaser is reduced once the oil temperature reaches the minimum operating temperature for the VCT phaser to operate and the VCT phaser is commanded to move from the park position. Therefore, the VCT phaser is charged with hot engine oil and is commanded to move from the parked position. The VCT phaser reduces oil flow through the phaser at high oil temperatures and low oil viscosity while adding the benefit of increased oil flow through the phaser at low oil temperatures and high oil viscosity to facilitate getting warmer oil into the VCT phaser sooner for increased VCT performance.

Abstract: A system for controlling a valve in an engine is provided. The system includes a pump piston operably coupled to the valve. The valve is displaceable with electro-hydraulic variable valve actuation. The system also includes a cam lobe operably coupled to the pump piston. The cam lobe includes a profile configured so rotation of the cam lobe directs movement of the pump piston. The pump piston movement includes an increasingly accelerated first duration, followed by a decreasingly accelerated second duration, followed by an increasingly accelerated third duration, wherein when the valve is actuated the valve movement is in accordance with the configuration of the cam lobe.

Abstract: According to the invention, recuperation may be optimized for a hydraulically-operated gas exchange valve by provision of two fluid-filled pressure chambers and a movable regulating piston with two active faces each defining one of the pressure chambers. The pressure chambers are each connected to two hydraulic valves of which the first hydraulic valves may be pressurized from a first pressure reservoir and the second hydraulic valves may be connected to a base pressure reservoir. The first hydraulic valves may furthermore be connected to a second pressure reservoir. A control or regulation device switches the valves, from a rest position in a first accelerating phase and a braking phase.

Abstract: A valve mechanism for an internal combustion engine is operable to selectively open and close a gas exchange valve to accomplish an engine brake during an engine brake mode of an engine. The valve mechanism includes a cam follower in biased abutment against a gas exchange cam element for actuation of a rocker arm connected to the gas exchange valve.

Abstract: An engine assembly includes an engine block, a cylinder head coupled to the engine block and first and second lubrication systems. The first lubrication system includes a first pump in communication with the engine block and providing a first fluid to the engine block. The second lubrication system is isolated from the first lubrication system and includes a second pump in communication with the cylinder head and providing a second fluid to the cylinder head.

Abstract: An inner rotor has a support portion which directly supports a most inner winding portion of a coil spring from a radially inner direction at a specified angle position in the circumferential direction. The coil spring is formed by winding a wire in such a manner that adjacent windings are contact with each other at a specified angle position. The adjacent windings are separated by a distance at a position which is apart from the specified angle position in a circumferential direction.

Abstract: In a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, provided with a system for variable actuation of the intake valves of the engine, the fuel injector associated to each engine cylinder is surrounded by a sealing casing which is part of a support body. The support body is mounted on the engine cylinder head with the interposition of a support surmounting the head and defining the seat in which the camshaft is received and it defines a sealing peripheral edge cooperating with a sealing cover which is mounted on the cylinder head. The cover has a general base plane sealingly mounted on the cylinder head or on the support. The sealing peripheral edge of each sealing casing is arranged in a parallel plane and raised with respect to the general base plane of the cover.

Abstract: An engine comprises a system for variable actuation of the intake valves and is subdivided into a plurality of sub-systems independent with respect to each other, carried by a plurality of respective elements, each mounted on the cylinder head at a respective engine cylinder. Among other things, this considerably facilitates the system maintenance operations.

Abstract: A hydraulically operated valve control system includes a hydraulic flow divider including a hydraulic valve adapted to distribute, between two lines feeding respectively to actuators coupled to two inlet or outlet valves of a cylinder, the flow of oil coming either from a source of oil under pressure or from the feeding lines. The oil flow is distributed between the two feeding lines on the basis of the ratio of oil flow-rates in these two lines.

Abstract: A directional control valve is configured to switch among a first position at which a discharge passage communicates with a phase-advance passage and a phase-retard passage and a lock passage communicates with a drain passage, a second position at which the discharge passage communicates with the phase-advance passage and the lock passage and the phase-retard passage communicates with the drain passage, a third position at which the discharge passage communicates with the phase-retard passage and the lock passage and the phase-advance passage communicates with the drain passage, and a fourth position at which the discharge passage communicates with the lock passage and fluid-communication between the discharge passage and each of the phase-advance passage and the phase-retard passage is blocked. The directional control valve is further switchable to a sixth position at which the phase-advance passage, the phase-retard passage, and the lock passage all communicate with the discharge passage.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with a bottom camshaft (1) and an electrohydraulic variable-lift valve actuation of a modular construction type is provided. The hydraulic unit (6) is assembled separately from the internal combustion engine and installed in or on the crankcase (10).

Abstract: A cam bearing cap may include a first bearing cap region, a pump mounting region, an oil inlet, and an oil outlet. The first bearing cap region may extend over and secure a first camshaft to an engine assembly. The pump mounting region may extend from the first bearing cap region and may have a secondary oil pump mounted thereto. The oil inlet may extend through the pump mounting region and may provide communication between the secondary oil pump and an oil supply. The oil outlet may extend through the pump mounting region and may provide communication between the secondary oil pump and a hydraulically actuated engine component.

Abstract: An oil control valve assembly for an engine is provided that has a control valve with a valve body, and a manifold that defines a control passage in fluid communication with a valve lift switching component and an exhaust passage for exhausting fluid from the valve. The control valve is controllable to selectively direct fluid from a supply source to the control passage to actuate the valve lift switching component. An elongated tubular member is positioned adjacent the engine component and is operatively connected to the exhaust passage such that fluid flows from the exhaust passage to the elongated tubular member and through the elongated tubular member onto the engine component.

Abstract: A reciprocating-piston internal combustion engine which operates on the four-stroke cycle, having a crankcase and having at least one cylinder which is arranged in said crankcase and in which a piston is guided by a crankshaft, having at least one cylinder head which closes off the cylinder and the intake and exhaust channels which are controlled by at least in each case one intake and exhaust valve loaded by a valve spring, which intake and exhaust valves can be actuated by transmission elements driven by a camshaft, and having a hydraulic valve play compensating element (5) which is installed in at least one of the transmission elements or in a component, which is installed in the transmission element, between the camshaft and at least one intake and/or exhaust valve, which hydraulic valve play compensating element has a working piston (8), a cylinder housing (7) which interacts with the working piston (8), a restoring spring (18) which is installed in between, and a check valve which delimits a high-pressu

Abstract: A motor control strategy for a hydraulic camshaft adjuster. The motor control strategy has a mechanical central lock which in turn has at least one rotor and one stator, between which hydraulically loadable chamber A and chambers B are provided. Locking pistons supported in an axially displaceable manner are provided in the rotor for the mechanical central lock. A hydraulic system and an electrically controllable solenoid valve are provided. The valve is powered in a controlled manner by a motor control device, which receives an “ignition off” signal; the motor being turned off, and at least one signal for current angular position of the camshaft adjuster, which compares the angular position to at least one zone definition stored in the motor control device, forms control commands from the same, and transmits said the control commands to the electric solenoid valve.

Abstract: In a valve timing control apparatus of an internal combustion engine, a first lock member is installed axially movably on either one of a housing and a vane member, a first lock recess section with which the first lock member is engaged when the vane member is relatively revolved at an intermediate phase position between most advance and retardation angle sides is installed on the other of the housing and the vane member, and a third lock recess section is installed at a retardation angle side in a circumferential direction of the housing with respect to the first lock recess section to limit a relative rotary position of the vane member at the most retardation angle side by an engagement of the first lock member with the third lock recess section.

Abstract: In a turbo-charged gasoline engine the opening profile of each intake valve, defined by the opening and closing moments and by the lift, or by the opening stroke of the intake valve, is varied according to the engine operating conditions, so as to reduce or completely eliminate the intervention of a “waste-gate” valve and ensure that in each engine operating condition each cylinder processes only the quantity of air necessary for optimal combustion, with an air/gasoline dosage value close to the stoichiometric ratio.

Abstract: Systems and methods for actuating engine valves are disclosed. The systems may include primary and auxiliary rocker arms disposed adjacent to each other on a rocker arm shaft. The primary rocker arm may actuate engine valves for primary valve actuation motions, such as main exhaust events, in response to an input from a first valve train element, such as a cam. The auxiliary rocker arm may receive one or more auxiliary valve actuation motions, such as for engine braking, exhaust gas recirculation, and/or brake gas recirculation events, from a second valve train element to actuate one of the engine valves. Master and slave pistons may be provided in the primary rocker arm. The master piston may be actuated by the auxiliary rocker arm.

Abstract: An adjustable-stroke solenoid valve assembly includes supply, control, and exhaust ports, an inner cavity having first and second seats, a solenoid coil, and a plunger assembly. The plunger assembly includes an armature shifted by the coil. The plunger assembly also includes a stem having a first end adjustably engaged with the armature, and a second end adjustably engaged with a poppet. The plunger assembly additionally includes a first surface that gets pressed against the first seat to block fluid flow to the control port when the coil is de-energized and a second surface that gets pressed against the second seat to facilitate fluid flow to the control port when the coil is energized. Adjustment of the stem's first end relative to the armature and of the poppet on the stem's second end establish a predetermined stroke for the plunger assembly and a predetermined fluid flow rate to the control port.

Abstract: A method for operating an engine is provided. The method comprises adjusting an oil pressure in an oil circuit, the oil circuit including a pump in fluidic communication with a hydraulically adjustable cam follower and switching the hydraulically adjustable cam follower into a connected state to a disconnected in response to the oil pressure adjustment.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises at least two intake valves per cylinder, each of them provided with respective spring return means which push the valve towards a closed position. The intake valves of each cylinder are controlled by a single cam of an engine camshaft, through a single tappet actuated by said cam and through a hydraulic system. The hydraulic system comprises a master cylinder having a piston positively connected to said tappet and two hydraulic actuators respectively associated to the two intake valves and which are both hydraulically connected to a common pressure chamber of said master cylinder. The return spring means associated to the intake valves of one and the same engine cylinder have predetermined loadS and/or rigidities which are different from each other, in such a way that said intake valves have different lift profiles, so as to cause a swirl motion of the air fed into the engine cylinder, which allows to improve the air-fuel mixing.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a combustion chamber, from which exhaust gas can be discharged by way of at least one exhaust valve. An engine braking device includes an hydraulic additional valve control unit is integrated into a connecting mechanism connecting the exhaust valve to a camshaft and holding the exhaust valve in a partially opened position when the engine brake is actuated. The connecting mechanism includes a rocker lever and an intermediate element between the rocker lever and the exhaust valve. The hydraulic additional valve control unit of the engine braking device has a first piston-cylinder unit for the temporary partial opening of one exhaust valve, and an hydraulic valve lash compensating mechanism has a second piston-cylinder unit for counteracting valve lash. The first piston-cylinder unit is arranged in or on the intermediate element. The second piston-cylinder unit is arranged in or on the rocker lever.

Abstract: An oil control valve assembly for an engine is provided that has a control valve with a valve body, and a manifold that defines a control passage in fluid communication with a valve lift switching component and an exhaust passage for exhausting fluid from the valve. The control valve is controllable to selectively direct fluid from a supply source to the control passage to actuate the valve lift switching component. An elongated tubular member is positioned adjacent the engine component and is operatively connected to the exhaust passage such that fluid flows from the exhaust passage to the elongated tubular member and through the elongated tubular member onto the engine component.

Abstract: A hydraulic actuator (1) comprising a body (2), in which a control arm (5) and a lift means (6) provided with a piston surface (22) are arranged, which lift means is arranged to follow the reference movement of the control arm (5), and an inlet port (3) and an outlet port (4) for hydraulic medium. The body (2) encloses a pressure chamber (10) delimited by the piston surface (22) of the lift means (6), and the movement of the control arm (5) provides a flow connection between the inlet port (3) and the pressure chamber (10) in order to move the lift means (6), and the movement of the control arm (5) in the opposite direction provides a flow connection between the pressure chamber (10) and the outlet port (4) in order to move the lift means (6) in the opposite direction.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine is provided with a system for the variable actuation of the intake valves, and such system is used to vary the amount of air taken in by each cylinder so as to reduce to the minimum or entirely eliminate the differences in the torque produced by the various cylinders and hence limit the irregularities in the rotation speed of the engine shaft.