Abstract: This invention pertains to a composition including tobacco or a tobacco substitute and a compound represented by formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of branched and unbranched lower-alkyl and lower-cycloalkyl groups having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The present invention also provides methods for flavoring smoking compositions, which incorporate the novel alkyl sclareol diol carbonates of the invention.

Abstract: A smoking system is provided in which a replaceable cigarette containing tobacco flavor material is electrically heated by a set of electrical heater elements contained within a lighter to evolve tobacco flavors or other components in vapor or aerosol form for delivery to a smoker. The cigarette and lighter are adapted to provide air flow patterns through the smoking system such that air flows transversely into the cigarette. Such patterns improve aerosol and flavor delivery to the smoker and reduce the condensation of residual heater-region vapor/aerosol in the smoking system.

Abstract: A smoking article including a porous inner core of an aerosol-generating composition circumscribed by a porous ceramic insulator tube which in turn is circumscribed by a porous charcoal fuel tube. Upon ignition, the smoking article, which is preferably in a cigarette rod form, produces an aerosol that resembles tobacco smoke.

Abstract: A smokable filler material includes an aerosol forming material (e.g., glycerin) and as binding agent. Tobacco extracts and/or pieces of tobacco laminae can be incorporated into the smokable filler material, and/or the smokable filler material can be blended with tobacco cut filler. The amount of aerosol forming material within the smokable filler material typically is at least about 20 percent, based on the weight of that smokable filler material. Cigarettes are provided by wrapping the smokable filler material in a paper wrapping material. A typical paper wrapping material has a porosity of less than about 5 CORESTA units.

Abstract: In a method of making a smoking product a mixture comprising a particulate bulk material, tobacco for example, a binder, sugar, ammonia and an ammonium salt, preferably with the addition of water, is extruded to provide a coherent extrudate.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition suitable for making fuel elements for smoking articles, which comprises at least about 50 weight percent, preferably at least about 60 weight percent, and most preferably at least about 70 weight percent powdered elemental carbon, preferably carbon obtained from the controlled carbonization of hardwood paper pulp. The fuel composition also comprises at least about 1 weight percent, preferably at least about 5 weight percent, and most preferably at least about 10 weight percent of a suitable binder. The fuel composition of the present invention can include at least about 3 weight percent, preferably at least about 5 weight percent, and most preferably at least about 8 weight percent powdered graphite.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a smoking substitute composition wherein nicotine is the form of an inclusion complex between nicotine and a cyclodextrincompound.

Abstract: Electrochemical heat sources, materials used to make electrochemical heat sources and methods of forming electrochemical heat sources are disclosed. The electrochemical heat sources includes at least two metallic agents capable of interacting electrochemically with one another, such as magnesium and iron or nickel. The metallic agents may be provided in a variety of forms, including a frozen melt, a bimetallic foil, wire of a first metal wrapped around strands of a different metal, and a mechanical alloy. The metallic agents may be in the form of a powder filling a straw, or small particles extruded with a binder or pressed to form a rod. The powder filled straw or rod may be placed in a heat chamber surrounded by tobacco in a smoking article. An electrolyte solution contacts the metallic agents in the heat chamber to initiate the electrochemical interaction, generating heat which in turn may be used to volatilize nicotine and flavor materials in the tobacco.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a smoking substitute composition wherein nicotine is the form of an inclusion complex between nicotine and a cyclodextrincompound.

Abstract: Cigarettes and methods of making them, in which an insulated fuel element is combined with a substrate assembly comprising a substrate within a tube, combining a roll of tobacco with a plug of tobacco paper, combining the fuel element/substrate assembly with the tobacco/tobacco paper assembly, and combining the resulting combination with a filter element to produce filter cigarettes. Methods of constructing the various and preferred subassemblies are also disclosed.

Abstract: A carbonaceous heat source comprising metal oxides and methods for making such heat source are provided. The heat source has an ignition temperature substantially lower than conventional carbonaceous heat sources, while at the same time produces virtually no carbon monoxide upon combustion. The heat source is prepared by pre-forming the carbon and binder materials into a desired shape, and then treating the shape with a sol containing metal oxide precursors. The metal oxide precursors are deposited in the pre-formed carbon shape. Further treatment converts the deposited metal oxide precursors into metal oxide.

Abstract: A chemical heat source comprising metal nitride, metal oxide and carbon, particularly useful in smoking articles, and methods of making the heat source are provided. The metal nitride of the heat source has an ignition temperature substantially lower than conventional carbonaceous heat sources, while at the same time provides sufficient heat to release a flavored aerosol from a flavor bed for inhalation by the smoker. Upon combustion the heat source produces virtually no carbon monoxide. The metal nitride is prepared by pre-forming the starting materials into a desired shape, and converting them to metal nitride in situ, without substantially altering the shape of the starting materials.

Abstract: A composition for use as a snuff or chew and providing a sustained organoleptic bite, including a nicotine-free herbal component made of alfalfa, either alone or in combination with chicory, clover or mixtures thereof, as well as a casing material, serving to moisten, sweeten, and provide flavor to the herbal component and to keep the herbal component as a coherent cud in the mouth during use. The casing material also includes cayenne pepper in amounts providing a satisfactory approximation of the bite of a tobacco containing composition. Also, a method for preparing such compositions, involving at least two separate applications of cayenne pepper to alfalfa-based herbal mixtures for use as a snuff or chew.

Abstract: A method of making an electrochemical heat source is disclosed. The non-combustion heat source includes at least two metallic agents capable of interacting electrochemically with one another, such as magnesium and iron or nickel. The metallic agents may be provided in a variety of forms, including a frozen melt, a bimetallic foil, wire of a first metal wrapped around strands of a different metal, and a mechanical alloy. The metallic agents may be in the form of a powder filling a straw, or small particles extruded with a binder or pressed to form a rod. The powder filled straw or rod may be placed in a heat chamber surrounded by tobacco in a smoking article. An electrolyte solution contacts the metallic agents in the heat chamber to initiate the electrochemical interaction, generating heat which in turn may be used to volatilize nicotine and flavor materials in the tobacco.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to improvements in carbonaceous fuel elements wherein (a) the fuel elements are provided with a composite support member which assists in retaining the fuel element within the cigarette structure during smoking, and (b) the fuel elements burn at a lower average temperature than previously known carbonaceous fuel elements. In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel element comprises at least two different materials contiguous throughout the length thereof, and including one material which burns, and another material which preferably does not burn, or burns more slowly than the burnable material. The non-burning, or substantially non-burning material is advantageously a heat exchange material such as graphite.

Abstract: The invention is comprised of a smoking composition of nicotine in the form of an inclusion complex located between crylisized polysaccharide and nicotine and a smoking material. The composition releases nicotine when exposed to elevated temperatures.

Abstract: An improved iontophoretic cigarette substitute device is disclosed having a driver unit and a disposable mouthpiece. The mouthpiece has a drug coating applied to its external surface which is iontophoretically driven into the mucous membranes of the user's lips upon use. Nicotine is a preferred drug to be administered to the user through an electrode employed on the mouthpiece.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a tobacco raw material having at least a part of its surface coated with a silical gel, which comprises adding silica sol to the tobacco raw material and subjecting the silical gel to gelation.

Abstract: A smoking article with an electrochemical heat source is disclosed. The non-combustion heat source includes at least two metallic agents capable of interacting electrochemically with one another, such as magnesium and iron or nickel. The metallic agents may be provided in a variety of forms, including a frozen melt, a bimetallic foil, wire of a first metal wrapped around strands of a different metal, and a mechanical alloy. The metallic agents may be in the form of a powder filling a straw, or small particles extruded with a binder or pressed to form a rod. Preferably, the heat source is self-extinguishing if ignited. The powder filled straw or rod may be placed in a heat chamber surrounded by tobacco. An electrolyte solution contacts the metallic agents in the heat chamber to initiate the electrochemical interaction, generating heat which in turn volatilizes the nicotine and flavor materials in the tobacco.

Abstract: A smoke-free cigarette substitute containing in a tubular sleeve a nicotine-containing carrier, in granular or powder form, which is drawn into the oral cavity of the user, thus dispensing nicotine into the mouth.

Abstract: This invention relates to a heat source comprising metal carbide and a method for preparing the same using a reducing/carbidizing atmosphere. The metal carbide heat sources of this invention have ignition temperatures that are substantially lower than conventional carbon particles normally used in carbonaceous heat sources, while at the same time provide sufficient heat to release a flavored aerosol from a flavor bed for inhalation by the smoker. Upon combustion, the heat sources produce substantially no carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A cigarette including a longitudinally segmented combustible fuel element, and a substrate carrying tobacco extract and glycerin positioned physically separate from the fuel element is disclosed. The substrate is a gathered paper-type material, and is positioned in a spaced apart relationship from the fuel element. One preferred smoking article of the present invention is a cigarette which comprises (i) a symmetrical and longitudinally segmented combustible fuel element; (ii) a physically separate aerosol generating means including at least one aerosol forming material; and (iii) means for securing, maintaining or retaining the fuel element within the smoking article.

Abstract: This invention relates to improved methods for making a composite heat source comprising carbon and metal species. The composite heat source made by the methods of this invention have ignition temperatures that are substantially lower than carbonaceous heat sources, while at the same time provide sufficient heat to release a flavored aerosol from a flavor bed for inhalation by the smoker. Upon combustion, the heat source produces substantially no carbon monoxide. The metal species may be prepared by mixing a metal oxide, metal and a carbon source, pre-forming the metal oxide/metal/carbon source mixture into a shape and converting the mixture to metal species in situ, without substantially altering the original shape of the mixture.

Abstract: An improved carbonaceous heat source suitable for use in a smoking article is provided. The heat source is formed by mixing a carbon component, a catalytic precursor and a binder, forming the mixture into a shape, and supplying heat to the mixture. Upon combustion of the heat source, the catalytic precursor forms a catalyst that converts carbon monoxide produced during combustion of the heat source into a benign substance.

Abstract: A heating element to provide heat to a tobacco flavor medium, for use in an electrical smoking article, by converting electrical energy to heat through the use of a material with electrically resistive properties is provided. The material is arranged in a radial array of blades with a current density profile such that a maximum area of each blade provides heat to the tobacco flavor medium dispersed thereon. The blade is generally U-shaped to assure dispersion of heat evenly to avoid hot spots along the blade and is tapered to reduce mass toward the mouth end of the heating element so as to maximize the heated area.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to cigarettes and other smoking articles which contain a catalytic composition, preferably as part of the fuel element, that substantially decreases the amount of carbon monoxide contained in the mainstream smoke during smoking. The present invention also relates to the catalyst-containing carbonaceous fuels themselves, as well as to methods of making such carbonaceous fuels. Fuel elements which contain a catalytic composition in accordance with the presentation are especially useful in smoking articles having an aerosol generating means which is physically separate from the fuel element.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved cigarettes and other smoking articles in which the substrate is a cellulosic material, preferably paper or a paper-like material, e.g., tobacco paper. The substrate of the present invention is used to retain flavorants and the aerosol forming materials, which upon exposure to heated air passing through the aerosol generating means during smoking, are vaporized and delivered to the user as a smoke-like aerosol.

Abstract: A smokable article having an aerosol generating zone connected to a mouthpiece via a tubular intermediate zone, wherein the aerosol generating zone includes an annular combustion element and a cylindrical carrier for an aerosol precursor coaxially disposed therewithin with a space therebetween forming air flow passages. Heat from the combustion element conducted to the aerosol carrier generates aerosols that may be drawn by air passing through the air flow passages to the mouthpiece by a smoker.

Abstract: A chemical heat source comprising metal nitride, metal oxide and carbon, particularly useful in smoking articles, and methods of making the heat source are provided. The metal nitride of the heat source has an ignition temperature substantially lower than conventional carbonaceous heat sources, while at the same time provides sufficient heat to release a flavored aerosol from a flavor bed for inhalation by the smoker. Upon combustion the heat source produces virtually no carbon monoxide. The metal nitride is prepared by pre-forming the starting materials into a desired shape, and converting them to metal nitride in situ, without substantially altering the shape of the starting materials.

Abstract: A flavoring granule for tobacco products comprising, a solid substrate granule of which comprises natural polysaccharides or derivatives thereof, and a flavor for tobacco products which is contained in said solid granule and is encapsulated in said solid granule so as to be released upon breakage of said solid granule, wherein said solid granule further contains casein as a diluent. Also disclosed is a preparation method thereof, by which the flavoring granule of large size and excellent sphere shape can be obtained.

Abstract: A cigarette includes a longitudinally segmented combustible fuel element, and a substrate carrying tobacco extract and glycerin positioned physically separate from the fuel element. The substrate is a gathered paper-type material, and is positioned in a spaced apart relationship from the fuel element. The fuel element is composed of a carbonaceous material and is extruded in such a manner that when positioned within the cigarette, its extrusion axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cigarette. The fuel element includes a burning segment at one end, a base segment at the opposite end, and an isolation segment between the burning and base segments. The fuel element is circumscribed by glass fibers so as to hold the fuel element in place within the cigarette.

Abstract: It has been found that the addition of specific levels of sodium, advantageously in the form of sodium carbonate, to low sodium level binder, e.g., ammonium alginate, containing carbonaceous fuel compositions results in dramatic changes in the performance of both the fuel element themselves and, cigarettes (or other smoking articles) incorporating the fuel elements. These performance differences include variation in the yields of aerosol and/or flavorants. The addition of sodium carbonate to the fuel elements greatly improves the smolder rates and also improves puff calories, without overheating the cigarette, thereby resulting in substantial improvements in total (and puff by puff) aerosol yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nicotine-impermeable container and a method for fabricating same. Additionally, the invention relates to a nicotine inhaling device which allows a user to ingest nicotine vapors orally. The nicotine inhaling device of the present invention is primarily directed to a device which can be used as a smoking cessation aid.

Abstract: A tobacco substitute is provided wherein granulated cellulose wetted with a casing solution is sealingly enveloped in a saliva permeable infusion pouch. The filled infusion pouch is sized so that the filled infusion pouch can be placed in a person's mouth in an area adjacent an outer gum to assist in reducing the person's dependency on tobacco. The casing solution, which is present in amount of up to about 30 weight percent, provides the tobacco substitute with taste and aroma properties which satisfy the desires of the user. The casing solution consists essentially of about 63 to 82 weight percent water, from about 1 to 5 weight percent of a flavoring agent, from about 15 to about 25 weight percent sweetener and from about 2 to about 7 weight percent of a humectant. A method for producing the improved tobacco substitute is also disclosed, as is a method for reducing dependency on tobacco using such tobacco substitute.

Abstract: A smoking article in which a flavored aerosol is generated by heat transfer to a flavor bed from the combustion of a carbon heat source is provided wherein the carbon heat source and the flavor bed are contained within a non-combustible substantially cylindrical hollow ceramic sleeve. The article generates substantially no sidestream smoke. The transfer of heat from the heat source is accomplished by convective and radiative heat transfer.

Abstract: Thermal indicators for non-combustion smoking articles which chemically react when heated to provide visual indications of temperature changes are disclosed. The indicators comprise organic acids, sugars, or amines combined with sugars. The indicators are printed in a variety of patterns along the length of the smoking articles to show temperature changes and to indicate whether the smoking article is finished and should be discarded.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making cigarettes with the stems and leaves of fennel and/or foeniculum vulgare in place of tobacco in order to provide a nicotine-free cigarette. Cigarettes made in accordance with this invention minimize the harm to smokers and allow smokers to maintain their health. To produce the cigarettes, fennel and/or foeniculum vulgare may be mixed together or used alone, based on the availability of either plant. The process of making cigarettes from these ingredients is simplified due to differences in the nature and form of the foeniculum vulgare and fennel. The process for making cigarettes of the present invention is simplified and is less costly in comparison to making cigarettes from tobacco. The present invention is beneficial to both smokers and manufacturers.

Abstract: This invention relates to a heat source comprising a mixture of metal carbide, metal nitride and metal which undergo a staged ignition process, particularly useful in smoking articles. The metal carbide/metal nitride/metal mixtures making up the heat source have ignition temperatures that are substantially lower than conventional carbonaceous heat sources, while at the same time provide sufficient heat to release a flavored aerosol from a flavor bed for inhalation by the smoker. Upon combustion the heat source produces substantially no carbon monoxide or nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: In one embodiment this invention provides a cigarette product which contains a novel type of encapsulated flavorant-release filament. The flavorant is released under normal smoking conditions.

Abstract: The smoking section of the smoking article is comprised of a cylindrical combustible tube having a flavoring material therein, a combustible fuel element circumscribing the combustible tube and a wrapping material circumscribing the fuel element. A disc having a centrally disposed opening therethrough in flow-through communication with the flavoring material and the mouthpiece section is disposed to separate the smoking section from the mouth piece section. The disc receives a flow through connecting tube through the centrally disposed opening and sealing means is provided at the connection of the disc to the flow-through connecting tube to prevent the flow of fluids therethrough excepting those from the flavoring material contained in the cylindrical, combustible tube.

Abstract: A smoking material that comprises a dried preparation of Laurus nobilis or Nelumbo garetin or their combination, particularly including their leaves. This smoking material can be used alone or in combination with various herbal extracts, honey and can be combined into mixtures with smoking tobacco, if desired. It is made by a process in which plant parts, particularly the leaves, are roasted for at least about eight hours at a temperature of about 100.degree. C. to 120.degree. C. The smoking material, when smoked, is similar in taste to tobacco, but has extremely low concentrations of the harmful components present in tobacco and, in particular, is free of nicotine and its metabolites.

Abstract: The present invention preferably relates to the use of an impact modifying agent and in particular the use of levulinic acid, a carbohydrate ester acetate or a carbohydrate ester levulinate in one or more of the component parts of a smoking article comprising a carbonaceous fuel element and a physically separate non-burning charge of tobacco or tobacco extract which article is capable of producing substantial quantities of aerosol, both initially and over the useful life of the product, without significant thermal degradation of the aerosol former and without the presence of substantial pyrolysis or incomplete combustion products or sidestream aerosol. The use of an impact modifying agent in smoking articles in accordance with the present invention provides the user with the sensations and benefits of cigarette smoking without burning tobacco and without the undesirable impact or off-taste commonly found in previous smoking articles.

Abstract: A combustible smokable filler material includes an agglomerated matrix of an inorganic component (e.g., particles of calcium carbonate) and an organic component (e.g., an alginate). The smokable filler material also includes a binding agent, and an aerosol forming material. Tobacco extracts and/or pieces of tobacco laminae can be incorporated into the smokable filler material, and/or the smokable filler material can be blended with tobacco cut filler. Cigarettes are provided by wrapping the smokable filler material in a paper wrapping material. A typical paper wrapping material has a porosity of less than about 5 CORESTA units.

Abstract: A wrapper for a smoking article which, when wrapped about a tobacco column, provides improved sidestream smoke reduction, improved ash formation, and acceptable mainstream smoke taste and sidestream smoke odor subjectives. These objectives are attained by forming a single cellulosic sheet containing a filler comprising basic magnesium carbonate and, where desired, a co-filler of calcium carbonate. In addition, the sheet may be treated with a burning chemical such as alkali metal salts of organic carboxylic acids, and compatible acids.

Abstract: A method of preparing a cigarette filling comprising tobacco and a partly fibrous herbal or spice additive, comprising processing the additive to form a sheet material thereof, cutting that sheet material into generally leaf sized portions, blending the cut sheet material with tobacco in the desired ratio of additive to tobacco, and subsequently cutting, drying or otherwise treating the blended material to form a cigarette filling. The invention is particularly but not exclusively concerned with the use of cloves as the additive.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a smoking article which produces an aerosol that resembles tobacco smoke but which preferably contains no more than a minimal amount of incomplete combustion or pyrolysis products. The preferred smoking article of the present invention provides an aerosol "smoke" which is chemically simple, consisting essentially of air, oxides of carbon, water, and the aerosol which carries any desired flavor or other desired volatile materials as well as trace amounts of other materials. In addition to a mouthend piece, an especially preferred embodiment of the present smoking article comprises a short combustible carbonaceous fuel element which is less than about 30 mm in length prior to smoking. The fuel element is disposed longitudinally relative to a physically separate aerosol generating means which comprises a porous nonparticulate substrate. The substrate includes one or more aerosol forming substances.

Abstract: A smokable article including an aerosol generating zone which has a combustion element and a carrier for an aerosol precursor which coaxially surrounds the combustion element, flow passages in the aerosol generating zone and a mouthpiece. The combustion element includes axial flow passages extending over its entire length and a jacket formed of a gas-impermeable heat-insulating material. The jacket is surrounded at a distance by a concentric sleeve of a gas-impermeable material so that between the jacket and the sleeve at least one flow space results; the sucked-in air flows through the flow passages in the combustion element, then back through the flow space between the jacket and the sleeve and finally through the carrier for the aerosol precursor to the mouthpiece. The carrier includes a precursor, and the combustion element has a plurality of axial passages.

Abstract: A combustible smokable filler material includes an agglomerated matrix filler having an inorganic component (e.g., particles of calcium carbonate) and a carbonaceous component (e.g., calcined molasses). The smokable filler material includes a binding agent and an aerosol forming material. Tobacco extracts and/or pieces of tobacco laminae can be incorporated into the smokable filler material, and/or the smokable filler material can be blended with tobacco cut filler. Cigarettes are provided by wrapping the smokable filler material in a paper wrapping material. A typical paper wrapping material has a porosity of less than about 5 CORESTA units.

Abstract: A smokable filler material includes an aerosol forming material (e.g., propylene glycol and glycerin) and a binding agent (e.g., ammonium alginate). Tobacco extracts and/or pieces of tobacco laminae can be incorporated into the smokable filler material, and/or the smokable filler material can be blended with tobacco cut filler. The amount of aerosol forming material within the smokable filler material typically is at least about 20 percent, based on the weight of that smokable filler material. Cigarettes are provided by wrapping the smokable filler material in a paper wrapping material. A typical paper wrapping material has a porosity of less than about 5 CORESTA units. Cigarettes cn include two layers of circumscribing paper wrapping materials. Cigarettes also can include filter elements.

Abstract: An aerosol delivery article includes a longitudinally segmented combustible fuel element, and a substrate carrying flavor or a drug positioned physically separate from the fuel element. The fuel element is composed of a carbonaceous material and is extruded in such a manner that when positioned within the article, its extrusion axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the article. The fuel element is segmented longitudinally and includes a burning segment at one end, a base segment at the opposite end, and an isolation segment between the burning and base segments. A metal cartridge is radially spaced from the longitudinal outer periphery of the burning segment of the fuel element. A retaining member grasps the base segment of the fuel element and holds the fuel element securely in place within the article.