Abstract: In order to manufacture a chromate-coated lead-containing galvanized steel sheet having beautiful spangles and excellent anti-black patina and anti-white rust properties without relying upon any flushing treatment with Ni, etc., a lead-containing galvanized steel sheet obtained by plating in a galvanizing bath containing appropriate amounts of Pb and Al, and having beautiful spangles is coated with a chromate coating solution containing trivalent and hexavalent chromium ions in a molar ratio of 1/9 to 1/1, and nitrate ions in a molar ratio of 0.1 to 1.6 to the total of the chromium ions, preferably after treatment with an aqueous alkali solution having a pH of 9 or above, and washing with water, and the sheet is dried at an appropriate sheet temperature without being washed with water, whereby a chromate film having a coating weight of 5 to 50 mg/m2 is formed thereon.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a flexible laminate, comprising a first flexible polymeric film; a copper layer having a microcracking prevention layer on at least one side the microcracking prevention layer sufficient to prevent microcracks in a copper layer having a thickness of up to about 18 &mgr;m during at least 50,000,000 bending cycles and/or a copper layer having a thickness of up to about 35 &mgr;m during at least 20,000,000 bending cycles of the flexible laminate; and a second flexible polymeric film.

Abstract: A process is described for increasing the adhesion of organic coatings to metal surfaces, particularly aluminum and aluminum alloys. The process involves the utilization of an adhesion promoting composition in conjunction with a chromating composition in treating the metal surface prior to application of the organic coating. The adhesion promoting composition comprises (i) 1,2-bis(beta-chloroethoxy)ethane, (ii) a glycol ether, (iii) an oxidizing acid and (iv) a nitro sulfonic acid.

Abstract: In a chromating solution comprising a water-soluble chromium compound and a reducing agent and in which hexavalent chromium ions produced by dissolution of the water-soluble chromium compound have been partly reduced with the reducing agent to trivalent chromium ions, an oxycarboxylic acid compound is used as the reducing agent. This chromating solution causes neither gelation nor sedimentation of the solution even when hexavalent chromium ions are reduced to trivalent chromium ions at a reduction percentage of more than 50%. The chromating solution and a chromate film formed on a steel sheet may also contain an organic resin, phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound, or a silica sol.

Abstract: This invention provides a composite foil comprising an aluminum carrier layer and an ultra-thin copper foil having a protective layer disposed between them comprising a porous copper layer and an interpenetrating zinc layer. A process for producing such composite foils comprises the steps of preparing the surface of the aluminum carrier, electrodepositing a porous copper layer on the aluminum carrier layer followed by electrodepositing a zinc layer, and then electrodepositing two layers of copper to form the ultra-thin copper foil. The composite foil provides a uniform bond strength between the aluminum carrier and the protective layer which is adequate to prevent separation of the carrier and ultra-thin copper foil during handling and lamination, but which is significantly lower than the peel strength of a copper/substrate bond, so that the carrier can easily be removed after lamination of the composite foil to an insulating substrate.

Abstract: A composition for inhibiting corrosion of metal surfaces comprises permanganate and a very low concentration of chromium (VI). The concentration of chromium (VI) in the aqueous solution is less than about 100 micrograms per liter, and the concentration of permanganate is about 0.2% to about 20% by weight of the aqueous solution. In another embodiment of the invention, a composition for inhibiting corrosion of metal surfaces includes permanganate and acetic acid. The concentration of acetic acid in the aqueous solution is between about 0.2% and 2.0% by volume. The concentration of permanganate is about 0.2% to about 20% by weight of the aqueous solution. Other embodiments of the invention include methods of using the present sealant compositions and the resulting corrosion inhibited metal substrates. In yet another embodiment of the present invention there is provided a kit for preparing corrosion inhibiting solutions for metal treatment.

Abstract: Surface treated steel sheet for fuel containers having excellent corrosion resistance, formability and weldability is provided. A steel sheet containing 0.0005-0.0040% of C, 0.005-0.020% of P, 0.0005-0.0040% of N, and 0.0005-0.0030% of B has on at least one surface a first coating layer constituted as a Zn coating layer of a coating weight of 5-80g/m.sup.2 and a second coating layer on the first coating layer constituted as a Ni coating layer of a coating weight of 0.5-10g/m.sup.2. The Zn coating layer is composed of Zn, Zn--Fe alloy or Zn--Ni alloy. Alternatively, one surface is formed with the first coating layer and the second coating layer and the other surface is formed with a Zn coating layer.

Abstract: Slurry coating compositions are provided for metal substrates, particularly nickel or cobalt-containing alloys, that enable inward-type diffusion aluminide coatings having a substantially uniform coating thickness to be formed thereon. Substantially uniform coating thicknesses are achieved independent of applied slurry composition thickness or application method. The slurry coating composition of the invention comprises a Cr--Al alloy containing about 50 wt % to about 80 wt % Cr in the alloy, LiF in an amount greater than or equal to 0.3 wt % of the Cr--Al alloy, an organic binder, and a solvent.

Abstract: A method for chromium plating a part made of titanium or titanium alloy eliminates the conventional chemical cleaning of the part prior to electroplating, and instead employs a mechanical cleaning of the part including degreasing the part and then grit-blasting the part with aluminum oxide particles. Immediately following the grit-blasting step, for example within one minute of its completion, the part is connected to the negative terminal of a DC power supply and is then immersed into a bath of chromium plating solution which contains an anode element connected to the positive terminal of the power supply. The part is left in the bath for a period of time so as to deposit a plating of chromium on the surface of the part. For final finishing of the part, a post-plating grinding operation is performed in which the surface speed of the grinding wheel is not greater than about 6500 surface feet per minute and the in-feed rate is less than about 0.

Abstract: An aluminum-alloy article such as a fastener is prepared by providing an aluminum-alloy article that is not in its final heat-treated state, and is preferably in its annealed state. A curable organic coating material is also provided. The method includes applying the organic coating material to the aluminum-alloy article, and heat-treating the coated aluminum article to its final heat-treated state, thereby simultaneously curing the organic coating.

Abstract: An improved process for chromizing commercial quantities of small, industrial, ferrous-based parts, such as but not limited to threaded connectors, pins, bolts, nuts, washers, fasteners, fittings, couplings, studs, etc., uses a retort filled with layers of parts coated with a chromium-containing slurry. The plurality of parts are arranged in layers on sheets of refractory felt paper and are heat treated simultaneously for causing the chromizing reaction between the slurry and the ferrous-based parts.

Abstract: Process for finishing zinc, zinc alloy or cadmium surfaces which consists in bringing the components to be treated into contact first with an acidic chromate-plating bath based on chromium, cobalt and silver salts and then with a top coat bath comprising a colloidal silica, a corrosion inhibitor, a complexing agent, a surfactant and a black dye.

Abstract: A concentrated aqueous solution containing:(A) a component of dissolved phosphate ions;(B) a component of dissolved hexavalent chromium;(C) a component of dissolved anions selected from the group consisting of BF.sub.4.sup.-, AlF.sub.6.sup.-3, SiF.sub.6.sup.-2, TiF.sub.6.sup.-2, FeF.sub.6.sup.-3, SnF.sub.6.sup.-2, ZrF.sub.6.sup.-2, and HfF.sub.6.sup.

Abstract: A passivate for tungsten alloy electroplates. The passivate includes an effective quantity of CrO.sub.3 in an aqueous bath having a pH of from about 3.5 to about 7.5.

Abstract: A method is described for the electrophoretic enamelling of chromatizable metal surfaces. Improved adhesion of the enamel is achieved by a chromating pretreatment of the metal surfaces, the chromated metal surfaces being kept wet from the time of their being chromated up to the time of their introduction into the bath for the electrophoretic enamelling.

Abstract: Components of apparatus for film making and method for manufacturing the same include components made from aluminum alloy or aluminum without or with uneven surface of unevenness size of up to several mm, which are immersed in any one of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, and chromic acid, and then washed and dried. Such components prevent the deposit of film forming materials on the components form peeling off during film making operation.

Abstract: Heating an aqueous mixture of a fluoroacid such as H.sub.2 TiF.sub.6 and an oxide, hydroxide, and/or carbonate such as silica produces a clear mixture with long term stability against settling of any solid phase, even when the oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate phase before heating was a dispersed solid with sufficiently large particles to scatter light and make the mixture before heating cloudy. The clear mixture produced by heating can either be mixed with water soluble and/or water dispersible polymers, for example with dispersed polymers of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A or an acrylic acid polymer, or with soluble hexavalent and/or trivalent chromium, to produce a composition that improves the corrosion resistance of metals treated with the composition, especially after subsequent painting.

Abstract: Drying into place a covering of an aqueous solution of nickel and/or cobaltous sulfate and/or phosphate salts on a zinc or zinc alloy surface improves at least one of the blackening resistance and corrosion resistance after subsequent chromating treatment and the corrosion resistance and paint adherence after subsequent chromating treatment and painting.

Abstract: Heating an aqueous mixture of a fluoroacid such as H.sub.2 TiF.sub.6 and an oxide, hydroxide, and/or carbonate such as silica produces a clear mixture with long term stability against settling of any solid phase, even when the oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate phase before heating was a dispersed solid with sufficiently large particles to scatter light and make the mixture before heating cloudy. The clear mixture produced by heating can either be mixed with water soluble and/or water dispersible polymers, for example with dispersed polymers of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A or an acrylic acid polymer, or with soluble hexavalent and/or trivalent chromium, to produce a composition that improves the corrosion resistance of metals treated with the composition, especially after subsequent painting.

Abstract: A nickel and/or cobalt deposition process which can be run at a nearly neutral pH and which rapidly deposits nickel and/or cobalt in quantities large enough to improve the paint adhesion and post coating corrosion resistance, and which has a good solution stability, is achieved by treating zinc coated sheet steel with an aqueous solution that has a pH between 5 and 10 inclusive and comprises (A) a total of at least 0.01 g/L of metal ions selected from the group consisting of Ni.sup.2+ and Co.sup.2+ ions and (B) a sufficient amount to fully complex the metal ions recited in part (A) of complexing agents selected from the group consisting of ammonia and organic compounds having at least one amino group in the neutral region.

Abstract: A film forming process which imparts excellent formability, corrosion resistance and paintability to the surface of aluminum or aluminum alloy plates or aluminum-plated sheet steel.A process for forming composite film on the surface of aluminum or aluminum alloy plates which comprises preliminarily treating the surface with a chromating liquid to form a chromate film on the surface, and then coating on the chromate film an organic macromolecular resin composition comprising urethane resin and at least one kind of resin selected from polyester resin and epoxy resin, a wax as a lubricating additive and further a silica sol, followed by drying, to form a film layer.

Abstract: Heating an aqueous mixture of a fluoroacid such as H.sub.2 TiF.sub.6 and an oxide, hydroxide, and/or carbonate such as silica produces a clear mixture with long term stability against settling of any solid phase, even when the oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate phase before heating was a dispersed solid with sufficiently large particles to scatter light and make the mixture before heating cloudy. The clear mixture produced by heating can either be mixed e with water soluble and/or water dispersible polymers that are polyhydroxyalkylamino- substituted polymers and/or copolymers of p-vinyl phenol, or with soluble hexavalent and/or trivalent chromium, to produce a composition that improves the corrosion resistance of metals treated with the composition, especially after subsequent painting.

Abstract: A process for imparting tarnish resistance to copper and copper alloy materials, particularly copper foil. The material is first treated with an acidic chromium-containing solution to deposit chromium ions on said foil. Thereafter the material is treated with a basic zinc ion containing solution to deposit zinc ions thereon. Finally, the material is rinsed in distilled water to remove any residual basic solution.

Abstract: A method of producing a metal gasket includes steps of alkaline cleaning a metal plate, coating a non-rinse chemical for chromate conversion of surfaces of the metal plate and drying to form chromate films, coating an adhesive on the chromate films and drying or baking the adhesive to form adhesive layers, and coating rubber compound of a sheet-like or an amorphous mixed compound to a predetermined thickness on the adhesive layers and heating and vulcanizing the rubber compound to form rubber coated metal plate. A metal gasket manufactured in this manner has a high bonding power of the rubber layers to the metal plate to obtain an improved durability for long use.

Abstract: A corrosion resistant stainless steel article is provided with a substantly uniform black oxide coating over the surface thereof, the article being formed from a steel alloy in martensitic structure which is treated in a boiling aqueous alkaline-chromate-oxidizing solution containing sodium hydroxide, sodium nitrate and sodium dichromate at a temperature in the range from about 230.degree. F. to about 260.degree. F. for 30 to 60 minutes.

Abstract: The invention is a metal treating process which uses a chrome-free deoxidizing bath. The process is useful for cleaning and deoxidizing aluminum substrates followed by conversion coating of the cleaned and deoxidized substrates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for providing a corrosion-resistant coating on a zinc-cobalt alloy surface said surface with a hexavalent chromium-containing treatment solution. In a preferred embodiment, the solution comprises:(a) about 2 to about 30 g/l of CrO.sub.3 ;(b) 0 to about 25 g/1 of dichromate ion such that the total Cr.sup.+6 is about 1 to about 35 g/l;(c) about 0.5 to about 20 g/l of NH.sub.4.sup.+ ; and(d) about 5 to about 30 g/l of formate ion.The solution additionally comprises:(e) about 2 to about 25 g/l of Cl.sup.- ; and has a pH controlled by the addition of HCl or NaOH of about 0.8 to about 2.5. The solution is substantially-free of sulfate, chlorate and nitrate. In one embodiment, the formate is optional and low levels of Cr.sup.+6 are employed.

Abstract: A process for treating the surface of a die-cast article including the steps of chemically cleaning the surface, cleaning the surface with an argon plasma, depositing an ion vapor generated metallic coating, mechanically treating the deposited coating, and chromate converting the mechanically treated coating. Preferably, the die-cast metal article consists essentially of an aluminum or magnesium alloy while the metallic coating is aluminum. The mechanical treatment may be carried out by bead blasting, tumbling or barreling and may be followed by walnut shell polishing.

Abstract: Corrosive resistant, coated laminate consisting of metal substrate, anti-corrosive layer and paint layer, which is characterized by the fact that the anti-corrosive layer is formed by a composition containing, as essential components, at least one hexa-valent chromium containing chromium compound having a solubility of 20 to 10.sup.-5 and aqueous silica and/or aqueous resin as binder, and as optional component, a water soluble chromium compound having a solubility of more than 20, and the paint layer is free from chromium compound. The laminate is excellent, inter alia, in adhesion of coating and anti-corrosive property. The invention also provides a coated metal plate having excellent corrosion resistance and continuous spot weldability.

Abstract: A non-ferrous metal mechanical part having a wear-resistant and smooth surface, and comprising a substrate of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, and nickel alloy, and a surface layer formed on a surface of said substrate and containing chromium oxide (Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3) as a major constituent. The chromium oxide (Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3) is a substance which has been converted by heating a chromium compound, and an intermediate layer containing a reaction product between the substrate and chromium oxide in the surface layer is formed at an interface between the surface layer and the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for forming insulating films on electromagnetic steel plates.Conventional films obtained by coating only an inorganic component such as a chromate, forming an organic-component film on an inorganic-component film or coating a mixture of both components individually have had disadvantages such as the occurrence of crateriform pinholes, reductions in punching properties, rises in the cost and decreases in interlayer resistance and the like.The present invention provides a method wherein a composition obtained by combining an acrylic resin and/or an acryl-styrene resin and guanamine resin as the organic components with an inorganic substance composed mainly of a chromate is coated and dried on an electromagnetic steel plate to form thereon an insulating film.According to the present invention, it is possible to form an insulating film which has excellent film properties and is free from said disadvantages.

Abstract: A method for improving the corrosion resistance of aluminum in a semiconductor device. The step includes providing a semiconductor device having aluminum containing contact pads; attaching a leadframe to the contact pads; and applying sufficient zinc chromate in solution to the contact pads for a sufficient time and at a sufficient temperature to render said aluminum substantially resistant to corrosion.

Abstract: Composite-coated flat-rolled steel can stock processing and product for fabrication of drawn one-piece cup-shaped work product or can end walls. Single or double-reduced flat-rolled steel, after cleaning, is chemically treated to apply a chrome oxide coating of about three hundred (300) to five hundred (500) micrograms per square foot to each substrate surface followed by utilization of a dual-organic coating system with application and curing of an organic primer to each chemically-treated surface of the substrate followed by application and curing of an added organic coating on at least one such substrate surface; such composite-coating process resulting in an exterior surface of a drawn can body or end wall having at least about two and one-half (2.5) to about five (5) milligrams of organic coating per square inch and an interior can surface with organic coating weight of at least about seven and one-half (7.5) to ten (10) milligrams per square inch.