Abstract: Hardfacing of metal parts employing a thin, homogeneous ductile foil is disclosed. The hardfacing foil has a composition consisting essentially of about 0 to about 25 atom percent cobalt, 0 to about 30 atom percent nickel, 0 to about 30 atom percent chromium, 0 to about 5 atom percent tungsten, 0 to about 4 atom percent molybdenum, about 2 to about 25 atom percent boron, 0 to about 15 atom percent silicon, and 0 to about 5 atom percent carbon, the balance being iron and incidental impurities with the proviso that the total or iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, tungsten and molybdenum ranges from about 70 to 88 atom percent and the total of boron, silicon and carbon ranges from about 12 to 30 atom percent. The ductile foil permits continuous hardfacing of soft matrix, like low carbon and low alloy steels, imparting superior resistance to wear and corrosion.

Abstract: Single crystal superalloy articles of a composition similar to that of IN-939 are given a combined coating and heat treatment cycle. The cycle includes a solution treatment step, a coating application step, a post coating treatment at a temperature above the gamma prime solvus and one or more aging steps. Articles so treated have improved mechanical properties.

Abstract: The invention refers to a corrosion-proof solderable system of layers which is applied to a support and is made of a solderable layer and a corrosion-protection layer covering the solderable layer and protecting it from complete oxidation. In order to create a layer system which is simpler and cheaper to manufacture, the solderable layer contains a proportion of oxidizable metal.The corrosion-protection layer is made by oxidation of the solderable layer on its free surface.

Abstract: A process for producing a composite material comprising a base having a nickel surface and a gold layer metallurgically bonded to the nickel of the base and having sufficient nickel to increase the hardness of the gold layer but insufficient to significantly destroy the distinctive color of the gold layer comprises depositing the gold layer on the nickel and annealing the composite structure to provide the metallurgical bond between the nickel and gold and to interdiffuse said metals, and the composite structure obtained by said process. The composite material is particularly useful as a coinage structure.

Abstract: A process for the partial hot dipping of a long steel strip is disclosed which comprises forming an oxidation-inhibiting film, oxygen-impermeable and thermally stable in a hot-dipping bath, which film is produced by the chemical reaction of an iron content in the steel strip with an oxidation inhibiting film-forming agent, such as an inorganic phosphoric acid compound, on a predetermined area of the steel strip surface, forming, as required, an intermediate layer comprising an inorganic binder, such as water glass, on the resulting film, forming a carbon-containing, plateing-stopping film as a top coat on the intermediate layer, and hot dipping the steel strip.

Abstract: There are disclosed a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant magnetic amorphous alloy characterized by having, on the surface thereof, an oxide layer including a crystalline oxide and a method for preparing the same characterized by carrying out the oxidation treatment of the magnetic amorphous alloy at a high temperature and at a high pressure in order to form an oxide layer including a crystalline oxide on the surface of the magnetic amorphous alloy.The magnetic amorphous alloy according to this invention possesses a remarkable corrosion resistance and wear resistance and had an improved magnetic permeability in the mega-Hertz zone.

Abstract: A product useful in the manufacture of printed circuits includes a carrier layer of copper having a thickness on the order of about 10-15 microns. A thin layer of copper having a thickness in the range of 1-12 microns, and which will provide the conductive path for the printed circuit, is secured to the copper carrier by an intermediate metallic layer positioned therebetween and secured to both layers of copper. The intermediate layer has a thickness in the range of 0.1-2.0 microns and is selected from the group consisting of nickel, a nickel-tin alloy, a nickel-iron alloy, lead and a tin-lead alloy. The intermediate layer adheres sufficiently to the thin layer of copper to prevent removal thereof during the etching process which removes the carrier layer of copper. The described thin metallic foil is bonded upon opposite sides of a suitable dielectric which may be a reinforced or non-reinforced epoxy or any one of a number of other suitable materials for forming the core of a printed circuit board.

Abstract: A wiring material of a semiconductor device, which comprises aluminum as a major component and at least a surface layer of the wiring layer is alloyed with boron and silicon. A method for forming a wiring material of a semiconductor device, which comprises the steps of: forming a wiring pattern comprising aluminum as a major component on a semiconductor element; and ion-implanting one of boron and a mixture of boron and silicon in the wiring pattern and alloying at least a surface layer of the wiring pattern to form an alloy layer containing aluminum, boron and silicon.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for manufacturing a sintered body, which comprises the steps of preparing a green compact comprising 5 to 60% weight of a chromium-containing ferroalloy powder, 0.2 to 2% by weight of a graphite powder, and a balance consisting substantially of an iron powder; sintering the green compact to provide a sintered body; nitriding the sintered body; and treating the nitrided sintered body with steam. The sintered body after nitridation may by subjected to a heat treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere before being steam-treated. A wear resistant sintered body manufactured by this method is also provided.

Abstract: A method of coating metal substrates with a protective aluminum-silicon coating comprising a mixture of (1) an Al-Si eutectic, Al-Si hypereutectic or elemental aluminum and (2) elemental silicon, the articles of manufacture provided by said coating and the method of carrying out thermal hydrocarbon processing operations where corrosion/erosion and other high temperature interactions are a problem using apparatus containing said coatings.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant solderable layer system is connected to an unsolderable layer, the layer system and the unsolderable layer being applied to a support and comprises a solderable layer and an anti-corrosion layer which covers the solderable layer and protects the latter against oxidation. The anti-corrosion layer is made of an oxidizable metal.

Abstract: A metal article which covered with a nickel-phosphorus alloy and which is covered on its outer surface with a protective layer which comprises CrPO.sub.4, Cr(OH).sub.3 and may also comprise Cr.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3 and in which no nickel is present. The layer provides an excellent corrosion protection. In a particular embodiment the layer is black, scratch-resistant in normal use, cannot be wiped off and is not sensitive to finger prints and is extremely suitable for decorative applications. The layers can be obtained electrolytically in a bath which comprises chromic acid and optionally reversed current in a given frequency range, a given range of current densities and a given range of ratios of cathodic to anodic pulse durations. In order to obtain the black layers the cathodic time duration is only a fraction of black layers the anodic time duration.

Abstract: A non-alloy steel component is nitrocarburized at 550.degree. to 720.degree. C. for up to 4 hours in a nitriding gaseous atmosphere eg. ammonia or ammonia and endothermic or exothermic gas, and is thus exposed to air or other oxidizing atmosphere for 2 to 120 seconds to form an oxide-rich layer thereon before being quenched into an oil/water emulsion, degreased and a tack-free wax coating applied. Alternatively, the component may be cooled in air or other oxidizing atmosphere and then wax coated or it may be cooled in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and then reheated to provide the oxide-rich surface layer before being cooled again and wax coated. As a further alternative, the component may be cooled, lapped to a surface roughness of not more than 0.2 micrometers Ra, reheated to oxidize and then quenched. These techniques give a good corrosion resistance to the component.

Abstract: Thin metal plate is cleaned and electrolytically pickled in an acid solution. A zinc layer is electrodeposited on one face of the plate, after which a chrome-chromic oxide coating is deposited on both faces of the plate from a sulphuric acid solution containing compounds of trivalent and exhavalent chrome. The plate is then subjected to a drying-oxidating treatment in air. The plate may be steel having a thickness between 0.1 and 2 mm. The plate may be surface treated by phosphating, and then painted. The chrome-chromic oxide coating may have a thickness between 0.05 and 5 .mu.m, and the zinc coating a thickness between 1 and 30 .mu.m.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sealing material to be associated with soft glass, which comprises a soft glass-sealing alloy of an iron- nickel-chromium system containing about 40 to 55 wt. % of nickel and about 3 to 8 wt. % of chromium, and an oxide layer formed on the surface thereof and having a sulfur content of not more than 15 ppm and a phosphorus content of not more than 20 ppm.

Abstract: Improved adherence of oxide wear layers on hard metal or cemented carbide substrates is obtained by providing a thin surface-oxidized bonding layer comprising a carbide or oxycarbide of at least one of tantalum, niobium or vanadium, optionally adding aluminum to the bonding layer, and finally providing an outer oxide wear layer.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to steel articles having improved wear and friction properties and the method of producing these articles. A steel surface containing relatively high levels of nitrogen and having a surface film containing carbon is implanted with high energy ions. Overlapping layers enriched in carbon and nitrogen are formed beneath the surface and provide the steel with a surface that has improved wear and friction characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of metal parts whose core and surface must have different characteristics.

Abstract: A cold rolled steel strip contains alloying elements, such as Al and Si, which have an affinity for oxygen greater than that of iron. During annealing of the strip, these alloying elements undergo oxidation to form an internal oxidation layer adjacent the surface of the strip. Formation of such an internal oxidation layer in the cold rolled steel strip is impeded by adding antimony to the steel, and depletion of the antimony prior to annealing the cold rolled strip is minimized by minimizing annealing and pickling of the strip before the strip attains substantially its final thickness.

Abstract: A nitrided cast iron product comprising cast iron matrix material and graphite particles distributed in the matrix material, a nitrided layer formed in a surface of the cast iron product and having gaps between the graphite particles and the matrix material, the gaps being exposed to the surface of the product and filled with resin which has a resistance to dissolution under a temperature below 250.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for chromizing metallic pieces such as steel pieces and to chromized metallic pieces obtained thereby, said metallic pieces, particularly steel, comprising a chromized surface layer with a hardness at least equal to 1200 Vickers degrees and a thickness at least equal to 12 microns as well as an adjacent sub-layer with a hardness less than that of the core of said piece. The chromized surface layer has a depth preferably at least equal to 20 microns, more preferably 30 microns, and the hardness of the sublayer presents a maximum variation of 25 Vickers degrees with respect to that of the core of said piece.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for producing a corrosion-resistant, composite product, such as sheet and strip, having a thin, uniformly black, light-absorptive surface layer thereon, and to the product of such method. The method includes the steps of treating a product having a coating containing both zinc and aluminum, such as galvanized strip, or up to 70% by weight, aluminum, balance essentially zinc coated strip, with an aqueous alkaline solution for a sufficient time to form a zinc-rich surface on said product, which surface is reactive with a blackening bath containing Ni and Sb, and subjecting such treated product to such blackening bath to form said thin, uniform, light-absorptive surface layer on said product. The light-absorptive surface layer has a thickness of at least 80 nm, preferably between about 100-400 nm, and an absorptance greater than about 95% over the solar radiation spectrum.

Abstract: A heat treatment for providing copper-tin alloys with a substantially continuous tin-phosphorous-oxide protective layer that improves the appearance and the tarnish resistance of the alloys is disclosed. The heat treatment comprises heating the alloys in a reducing atmosphere having a dew point of at least about 65.degree. F. and a temperature in the range of about 700.degree. C. to about 900.degree. C. for a time in the range of about 2 hours to about 24 hours.

Abstract: An ultra lightweight, thin link for a windscreen wiper mechanism is formed of a strip which is of U-shaped section for most of its length and which has end portions in which integral bush bearings are provided by plunged holes in the strip. The strip is very thin, e.g. about 0.5 mm, and is formed of non-alloy steel having nitrogen diffused through substantially the whole of the section thereof.The nitrogen is in solid solution in a ferritic matrix. Such a structure is obtained by heat treatment in a nitrogen containing atmosphere followed by oil quenching. The strip also has an epsilon iron nitride surface layer thereon in a portion 19b of which oil is absorbed to impart self lubricating properties to the bearings.

Abstract: An iron based, boron, silicon, carbon and chromium containing magnetic alloy having at least 85 percent of its structure in the form of an amorphous metal matrix is annealed at a temperature and for a time sufficient to induce precipitation therein of discrete particles of its constituents and to form an oxide layer on the surface of the matrix. The resulting alloy has decreased high frequency core losses and increased low field permeability; it is particularly suited for high frequency applications.

Abstract: A steel product, particularly a heavy-duty gear, having a case of martensite and a core of lower bainite with a Vickers hardness of not less than Hv 600 is obtained by subjecting a medium carbon alloy steel comprising, by weight, 0.45 to 0.60% C, up to 0.50 Si, 0.40 to 1.30% Mn, up to 4.00 Ni, 0.35 to 0.55% Cr, up to 0.70 Mo, balance Fe and incidental impurities to a carbonitriding treatment at a temperature of 800.degree. to 900.degree. C., austempering the carboritrided steel by quenching it in a hot bath of 230.degree. to 300.degree. C. and retaining the steel in the hot bath of the aforementioned temperature for a suitable duration enough to transform the core of the steel into lower bainite and not enough to cause any transformation of the case of the steel, and subsequently cooling the steel.

Abstract: Bodies made of titanium or its alloys, having surfaces liable to wear, have their wear resistance improved by coating such surfaces with a layer of a metal such as tin or aluminum which has been bombarded with ions of a light species such as nitrogen, carbon, boron, or neon so as to cause the metal to migrate into the titanium or titanium alloy. The modified surface has improved wear resistance and reduced coefficient of friction.

Abstract: Cutting tools according to the invention are provided with a wear-resistant coating of heat-resistant compounds of high-melting metals. A layer of a pure metal is provided between the base material and the coating. The base material is a ceramic or an aluminum oxide-based metal-ceramic material. The intermediate layer is discontinuous. Such tools are manufactured by using condensation of plasma material and ion bombardment in order to successively deposit an intermediate layer of a pure metal and a coating of heat-resistant compounds of high-melting metals on the surface of the base material. The intermediate layer is deposited at a temperature of 1/2T.sub.S >T>1/3T.sub.S, where T.sub.S is the melting temperature of the metal being deposited and T is the temperature of the tool in .degree. K. The condensation rate and the duration of deposition are selected bearing in mind that metal is to be deposited only on defects found on the surface of the base material.

Abstract: A radiation pyrometer, or other optical sensor, has a mirror assembly capable of withstanding high temperatures. The mirror assembly is a block of a steel containing between 15 and 20% chromium, 4.0 and 5.2% aluminium, 0.05 and 0.4% yttrium, 0.2 and 0.4% silicon, and 0.00 and 0.03% carbon. A reflective surface on the assembly is provided by an aluminium oxide layer. The assembly is formed by heating a body of the steel such as to produce the aluminium oxide layer which is then polished to a reflective finish. After heating, the body is machined to the desired shape of the mirror assembly.

Abstract: A wear resistant coating on ceramic or metallic substrates is provided by coating the substrate with a titanium based alloy and then converting the titanium to titanium carbide, titanium nitride, titanium carboxynitride or titanium boride.

Abstract: A method for producing an edged tool which has an excellent cutting ability and durability, which comprises immersing an edged-tool material in a molten-salt bath containing a carbide-forming element, such as a Va Group element, titanium, chromium or manganese, to form a carbide layer on the surface of the edged-tool material; heating the edged-tool material to a temperature not lower than the austenite-transformation temperature of the material in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere for a predetermined period of time; and rapidly cooling the heated material to harden it. According to the improved method of the present invention, the edged tool (having an excellent cutting ability and durability) is produced without grinding the formed carbide layer on the surface thereof.

Abstract: Copper or copper alloy sheet or foil displaying excellent solderability and high resistance to tarnish is prepared by the provision over its surface of a coating containing a copper salt of an organophosphonic acid. To form the coating, the sheet or foil is immersed for a short time in an aqueous solution containing a phosphonic acid, rinsed and dried, the treatment being combined with or preceded by oxidation of the sheet surface.

Abstract: Substrates, especially those having plated metal surfaces, are subjected to passivation treatments in baths that incorporate one or more film-forming agents at least one of which does not require chromium and includes anions or cations of elements other than chromium. Typically, the anions or cations are introduced as bath-soluble salts which react with the plated surface of the substrate to form an adherent, coherent passivation surface film. Also present within these baths are a source of hydrogen ions and a bath-soluble carboxylic acid or derivative activator for enhancing the rate of the passivation reaction. Articles passivated in baths incorporating these film-forming agents have a hydrophobic surface that exhibits corrosion resistance and that typically has a bright finish.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making sheets of aluminium suitable for drawing.The method according to the invention comprises subjecting the product issuing from a continuous casting machine to a mechanical cleaning treatment and then to a controlled heat treatment in air at elevated temperature.The method according to the invention is applicable in every case where aluminium products, such as strips etc. are subjected to drawing or reducing operations and in cases where it is desired to eliminate galling phenomena and to guarantee aesthetic qualities. The method according to the invention is used in particular in the manufacture of cans from blanks obtained by casting between cylinders.

Abstract: Metal parts, such as bolts, fasteners, and the like having improved corrosion resistance are obtained by (a) phosphating the metal part and, thereafter (b) coating the metal with an aqueous coating composition consisting essentially of: (1) a phosphating oil, (2) a siloxane which is either a polyalkylsiloxane or an alkylpolysiloxane, and (3) water.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is a method for the anti-wear treatment of the surface of steel parts having a carbon content of at least 0.15% and the coating obtained thereby. The method is characterized by the fact that an addition of sulfur, by depositing of a metal sulfide for example, and a vapor-phase chromizing are carried out in sucession on the surface to be treated.The coating obtained is characterized by the presence of a layer of chromium sulfide on the surface and by the partial recrystallization of the underlying M.sub.7 C.sub.3 chromium carbide layer.The invention can be applied to any moving mechanical system which is subject to abrasion. The invention has importance because it increases the resistance to wear and the life of the system treated while limiting the wear of the untreated opposing part as a result of friction.

Abstract: An improved metal coated abrasive is prepared with a controlled, rough textured surface, which surface has improved adherence to resinous materials when said coated abrasives are incorporated into resin bonded tools. Disclosed is a process for achieving this rough texture through a modification to the known electroless or autocatalytic techniques for coating abrasives with metals such as copper and nickel. The improvement comprises: interrupting the electroless coating process by passivating the surface one or more times; and then reactivating the passivated surface each time with a catalytic material whereby an array of preferential sites for metal deposition is obtained; and resuming normal electroless coating.

Abstract: A method for producing Al-base alloy substrates for magnetic discs, which comprises continuously casting into a strip of a thickness of 4 to 15 mm a molten alloy composition containing alloy components consisting of 2-6% of Mg, less than 1% of Mn, less than 0.3% of Fe, less than 0.25% of Zn and less than 0.35% of Cr and a grain refiner comprising less than 0.08% of Ti and/or less than 0.01% of B, followed by rolling.

Abstract: A low pH solution and a method for conversion coating aluminum and aluminum alloy surfaces, as well as the coated surfaces themselves, utilizing zirconium, fluoride and nickel and, optionally, fluorophosphate.

Abstract: A process for phosphating a metal surface to be electrocoated, which comprises treating the metal surface with an acidic phosphating solution comprising a zinc compound in a concentration of 0.5 to 1.5 g/l as zinc ion, a phosphate in a concentration of 5 to 30 g/l as phosphate ion and a nitrite in a concentration of 0.01 to 0.2 g/l as nitrite ion and/or an aromatic nitro compound in a concentration of 0.05 to 2 g/l in water at a temperature of 40 to 70.degree. C. first by dipping for not less than 15 seconds and then by spraying for not less than 2 seconds.

Abstract: A wrought aluminum alloy product is disclosed. The alloy consists essentially of 0.5 to 10 wt. % Mg, 0.1 to 1.6 wt. % Mn, 0 to 0.35 wt. % Cr, at least 0.005 wt. % Sr, less than 1 wt. % Fe, 1 wt. % max. Si, 3.5 wt. % max. Zn, 1 wt. % max. Cu, the remainder aluminum and incidental impurities. The product is characterized by the presence of at least one intermetallic phase of the type containing Al-Fe-Si, Al-Fe-Mn and Al-Fe-Mn-Si, wherein at least one of such phases is refined.

Abstract: In a process wherein a resinous coating is formed on a metallic surface by immersing the surface in an acidic aqueous coating composition containing dispersed particles of resin, wherein said composition forms on said surface a resinous coating which increases in thickness the longer the surface is immersed in the composition and wherein the resinous coating is contacted with an aqueous solution containing Cr in order to improve properties (e.g. corrosion resistance), the surface slip of the applied coating is increased by having dispersed in the Cr-containing solution a polymer which has a lower coefficient of friction than the applied resinous coating.

Abstract: A wear resistant coating on ceramic or metallic substrates is provided by coating the substrate with a titanium based alloy and then converting the titanium to titanium carbide, titanium nitride, titanium carboxynitride or titanium boride.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and apparatus for boronizing pieces made of metal or cermet and to surface-boronized pieces. The pieces are placed in a chamber at between 850.degree. and 1,150.degree. C. and they are subjected, in the presence of boron carbide, to a gaseous stream of trifluoroboroxole (BOF).sub.3. The boron carbide is advantageously pulverulent and out of contact with the pieces to be boronized.

Abstract: Erosion and abrasion resistant refractory metal carbide articles are provided having multiphase alloy of borides including titanium boride, binder metal boride, and titanium-binder metal-refractory metal borides by diffusion of titanium initially to convert the refractory metal carbide to its constituents which are then reacted with boron, forming a new added surface in replacement of the original article surface, and bridging the original surface locus.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of coated cemented carbide products is disclosed. A cemented carbide substrate is treated to form a metal carbide, nitride or carbonitride coating. The coated substrate is heat treated at a temperature close to or near the melting point of the binder metal of the cemented carbide to diffuse elements from the substrate into the coating. An intermediate (second) metal carbide, nitride or carbonitride coating is thereafter applied and the portion of the second is oxidized, nitrided or sulfided without detrimentally affecting the adherence of the second coating. Thereafter, a wear-resistant oxide (e.g., aluminum oxide) coating is applied to form the improved coated carbide product.

Abstract: The treatment of copper with 5-methyl benzimidazole yields excellent protection from oxidation and/or corrosion of the treated copper body. Additionally, this treatment does not interfere with subsequent soldering of the copper.

Abstract: A product useful in the manufacture of printed circuits includes a carrier layer of copper having a thickness on the order of about 10-15 microns. A thin layer of copper having a thickness in the range of 1-12 microns, and which will provide the conductive path for the printed circuit, is secured to the copper carrier by an intermediate metallic layer positioned therebetween and secured to both layers of copper. The intermediate layer has a thickness in the range of 0.1-2.0 microns and is selected from the group consisting of nickel, a nickel-tin alloy, a nickel-iron alloy, lead and a tin-lead alloy. The intermediate layer adheres sufficiently to the thin layer of copper to prevent removal thereof during the etching process which removes the carrier layer of copper. The described thin metallic foil is bonded upon opposite sides of a suitable dielectric which may be a reinforced or non-reinforced epoxy or any one of a number of other suitable materials for forming the core of a printed circuit board.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the protecting of uranium and uranium alloy articles from corrosion by providing the surfaces of the articles with a layer of an ion-plated metal selected from aluminum and zinc to a thickness of at least 60 microinches and then converting at least the outer surface of the ion-plated layer of aluminum or zinc to aluminum chromate or zinc chromate. This conversion of the aluminum or zinc to the chromate form considerably enhances the corrosion resistance of the ion plating so as to effectively protect the coated article from corrosion.

Abstract: A stock material for producing seamless containers from a black plate base includes applying a layer of insoluble crystalline phosphate to each surface of the black plate and subsequently producing a thin film of organic lubricating material on the exposed surfaces of the phosphate layers so that a drawn and ironed container can be produced from a flat blank without the use of any additional lubricants during fabrication. The weight of the phosphate layer for each surface of the black plate base is preferably less than 100 milligrams per square foot, while the weight of lubricating film is on the order of 70 to 360 milligrams per square foot. In the preferred embodiment, the phosphate layer is preferably in the range of 20 to 35 milligrams per square foot, and the lubricant layer is on the order of 70 to 180 milligrams per square foot.