Abstract: A substantially carbon free (e.g. 50-80 ppm carbon max.) iron base melt is strip cast to provide a cast strip having a low strength, high ductility, essentially ferrite matrix substantially free of hardening acicular ferrite, bainite and martensite phases. The strip strength may be enhanced by subjecting the strip to a carburizing or nitriding treatment either directly after casting or after casting followed by cold rolling and annealing.

Abstract: A method is proposed for the production of high-strength low-expansion cast iron enabled to acquire improved strength, hardness, and cutting workability while retaining the property of low expansion intact. The product is a low-expansion cast iron having a high nickel content and exhibiting a coefficient of thermal expansion of not more than 8.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree. C. at temperatures in the range of from room temperature to 100.degree. C. By causing a carbide to be finely precipitated in an area ratio in the range of from 0.3% to 20% in the metal structure of the cast iron and lowering the C content in the cast iron, there is produced a high-strength low-expansion cast iron. The deposition of the carbide mentioned above is accomplished by incorporating in the material for cast iron at least one element selected from the group consisting of the transition metal elements of IVa, Va, and VIa Groups in the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Abstract: In a process for making superplastic steel powder or flakes, molten steel is rapidly solidified to form a solidified material comprising substantially single-phase austenitic steel powder or flakes having a grain size of no greater than about 2 .mu.m. The powder or flakes are heated at a temperature of 300.degree. C. to 600.degree. C. to produce superplastic steel comprising a mixture of ferrite steel and at least one metal carbide, the ferrite steel having a randomly oriented structure and having a grain size of no greater than about 2 .mu.m, the at least one metal carbide having a grain size no greater than about 0.5 .mu.m. The steel powder or flake is then recovered for further processing. A consolidated superplastic steel can be formed from the powder or flake by hot pressing the powder or flake at a temperature of between about 650.degree. C. and about 950.degree. C. and at a pressure of about 10 MPa to about 100 MPa for a time sufficient to form a fully dense consolidate.

Abstract: A method of making an engineering ferrous metal comprising the steps of adding to liquid engineering ferrous metal solid alloy carbide particles and thereafter permitting the ferrous metal to solidify. The alloy carbide particles are coated with iron or an iron alloy to allow wetting to occur between the powder and the liquid ferrous metal and the particles have a density which matches that of the ferrous metal to provide a uniform distribution of the carbide particles in the ferrous metal. A roll may be made having at least a shell made of metal by such a method by centrifugal casting or electroslag remelting.

Abstract: A ferritic heat-resistant cast steel includes C in an amount of from 0.1 to 0.4% by weight, Si in an amount of from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight, Mn in an amount of 1.0% by weight or less, S in an amount of from 0.06 to 0.20% by weight, Ni in an amount of 1.0% by weight or less, Cr in an amount of from 13 to 20% by weight, V in an amount of from 0.2 to 1.0% by weight, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb in an amount of from 0.1 to 0.4% by weight, Mo in an amount of from 0.1 to 2.0% by weight, and W in an amount of from 0.2 to 4.0% by weight, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, the S being dispersed as sulfides in the ferritic heat-resistant cast steel. It can further include at least one element selected from the group consisting of Te in an amount of from 0.01 to 0.1% by weight and Al in an amount of from 0.01 to 0.5% by weight. It can be produced by melting and casting the alloying elements and thereafter by annealing the resulting cast product at a temperature of from 750.

Abstract: Disclosed are an amorphous iron based alloy having excellent magnetic characteristics as well as bendability and a method of manufacturing the amorphous iron based alloy. The amorphous iron based alloy has a mean centerline Ra surface roughness of about 0.8 .mu.m or less and the formula Fe.sub.X B.sub.Y Si.sub.Z Mn.sub.a in approximate proportions wherein:75.ltoreq.X.ltoreq.82 at %7.ltoreq.Y.ltoreq.15 at %,7.ltoreq.Z.ltoreq.17 at %, and0.2.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.0.5 at %.The method of manufacturing the amorphous iron based alloy comprises quenching and solidifying a molten alloy having the formula Fe.sub.X B.sub.Y Si.sub.Z Mn.sub.a in approximate proportions wherein:75.ltoreq.X.ltoreq.82 at %7.ltoreq.Y.ltoreq.15 at %,7.ltoreq.Z.ltoreq.17 at %, and0.2.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.0.5 at %, andeffecting the quenching and solidifying steps in a Co.sub.2 atmosphere containing H.sub.2 in an amount of about 1-4% by volume.

Abstract: A method of producing diamond crystals from a metallofullerite matrix independent of external application of pressure is disclosed. The method comprises hyperquenching a portion of a metallic sold comprising a metal carbon matrix of an allotropic metal and metallofullerites of that allotropic metal after the portion has been heated to or near the critical temperature for its percentage composition of the allotropic metal, carbon, and other effective ingredients. The quenching is conducted rapidly enough to collapse fullerene structures present in the matrix into diamond crystals. The resulting metal-carbon matrix of an allotropic metal, metallofullerites of the allotropic metal, and diamond crystals are also disclosed.

Abstract: Composition and process for the manufacture of wear-resistant white iron, and articles made therefrom. A melt is solidified that contains iron, carbon and at least two carbide forming elements selected from silicon, manganese, chromium or mixtures thereof. Optionally, the melt contains one or more additional alloying elements selected from vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, aluminum or mixtures thereof. The alloying elements are incorporated in the melt in proportions and amounts sufficient to form, during solidification, a eutectic that is based on a metastable, non-cementite type carbide.

Abstract: A vibration damping alloy has a mixed structure of martensite and austenite. The alloy steel is iron-based to which 14-22% by weight of manganese is added. The vibration damping alloy is manufactured by mixing electrolytic iron and manganese in a molten state. The molten mixture, containing 14-22% of manganese with the remainder of iron, is cast as an ingot. The ingot is homogenized at 1000.degree.-1300.degree. C. for 20-40 hours and then hot rolled at 900.degree.-1100.degree. C. for 20 minutes to 90 minutes. The ingot is cooled with air or water.

Abstract: New low-alloy steel compositions and rotor shafts for electric machines made from them are described. High nickel and chromium contents ensure high strength and toughness, while other components, notably silicon and other impurities, are kept low with the result that magnetic properties remain good. One aspect provides a steel with the following proportions by weight:C 0.15 to 0.3%Si <0.1%Mn <1%Ni 3 to 5%Cr >2%, <3.5%(Mo+W) 0.1 to 1.0%, W being optionalV 0.03 to 0.35%,and the remainder substantially Fe.Other aspects are also described.

Abstract: A process for deforming white cast iron. A melt is prepared containing iron, carbon and one or more alloying elements. The melt is cooled at a rate of approximately 2.degree. C. per minute or faster to form a white cast iron material. The white cast iron material is annealed at a temperature of about 100.degree. C. to about 400.degree. C. below the solidus temperature of the white cast iron material. The white cast iron is plastically deformed.

Abstract: A metallic solid comprising an metal-carbon matrix of an allotropic metal and metallofullerites of the allotropic metal is disclosed, along with an associated method of forming the solid by interrupting and temporarily holding a metal-carbon melt at the point through the cooling curve at which the solidifying metal passes through the allotropic transformation stage for the metal defined by the overall proportion of allotropic metal and carbon in the melt.

Abstract: Bulk rapidly solidified magnetic materials having a density of greater than 90%, a thickness of at least 250 microns, and preferably a low oxygen content, are produced by a liquid dynamic compaction process which, depending upon the chosen operating conditions, can yield materials ranging from crystalline to partially crystalline to amorphous. The materials so produced are directly useful, i.e. without having to be reduced to a powder and consolidated into a shape, to produce permanent magnets.

Abstract: A modified H-13 hot work die steel in which impact toughness and thermal fatigue resistance is greatly improved. The steel consists of in weight %:______________________________________ Carbon (C): 0.34-0.40, Manganese (Mn): 0.25-0.45, Silicon (Si): 0.85-1.15, Chromium (Cr): 5.00-5.40, Nickel (Ni): 0.30 max, Molybdenum (Mo): 1.20-1.50, Vanadium (V): 0.31-0.52, Niobium (Nb): 0.02-0.09, Iron (Fe) and Incidental impurities: Balance ______________________________________The steel also preferably includes about 0.01-0.20 weight % titanium (Ti) and is preferably subjected to premium quality treatment, including remelting and homogenization, either thermal or mechanical (by hot working).

Abstract: A method of making a steel article having a "Damascus" surface pattern wherein a steel melt comprising about 1.0 to about 2.0 weight % carbon is solidified to form an ingot, the ingot is heated between about 1100.degree. to about 1299.degree. C. for a time at temperature of about 5 to about 12 hours, a malleable envelope is formed about the ingot separately or concurrently with the heat treatment, and the enveloped ingot is shaped (e.g., forged) initially at an ingot temperature above the A.sub.r-gr temperature but below the liquidus temperature and then at an ingot temperature below the A.sub.cm temperature. The envelope is then removed from the shaped ingot.

Abstract: A series of controlled quenching of elevated temperature steel work pieces includes locating hot work pieces on a support at distances from one another sufficient to avoid slack quenching and subjecting the work pieces to a forced draft at a speed which results in consistent uniformity of hardness and uniformity of grain size of which about 10 MPH is exemplary, and an apparatus therefore which provides two pass cooling so that minimum horsepower is used and environmental degradation is avoided.