Abstract: Disclosed is a high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet containing C in a range of 0.03 to 0.15 mass %, Mn in a range of 0.5 to 2 mass %, and Al in a range of 0.01 to 0.1 mass %, respectively, while controlling S to not more than 0.02 mass % (0% included), wherein the metallic structure thereof has a polygonal ferrite as the main phase, and contains martensite as a second phase, further containing P in a range of 0.030 to 0.08 mass %, and Cr in a range of 0.3 to 1.00 mass %, respectively, while controlling Si to not more than 0.1 mass % (0% included). Thus, a high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet superior in workability, and fatigue property, and excellent in surface quality is provided at a relatively low cost.

Abstract: In the press hardening process when a blank is formed and cooled in cooled tools (30,31), the tools are used as a fixture during the hardening. The tools have alternately contact surfaces (33,34) and clearances (35) in a certain area against the formed product (20-24) and the contact surfaces have an area that is less than 20% of the area. As a result, this area will be a soft zone (11) of the final product and the zone will have good dimensional accuracy.

Abstract: The present invention provides a product for enameling and an enameled product that achieve adhesion, bubble/black spot defect resistance and fishscale resistance, even when preprocessing and ground coating are omitted, which product comprise a steel sheet having on the surface thereof an oxide film of 0.10 ?m to 400 ?m thickness comprising oxides of components of the steel sheet, which steel sheet comprises, in mass %, C: 0.0001% to 0.040%, Si: 0.0001% to 0.50%, Mn: 0.001% to 2.00%, P: 0.0001% to 0.10%, S: 0.0001% to 0.060%, Al: 0.0001% to 0.10%, N: 0.0001% to 0.015%, and O: 0.0001% to 0.070%, further comprises one or more of Ni:0.01% to 2.00%, Co: 0.0005% to 2.00%, Cr: 0.001% to 2.00%, Cu: 0.01% to 2.00%, Mo: 0.0001% to 2.00%, and Ti: 0.0005% to 0.50%, where Ni+Co+Cr/2+Cu+Mo+Ti: 0.010% to 8.0%, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for transforming steel blanks. The invention in particular relates to a method for transforming a steel blank comprising kneading in order to obtain very good mechanical properties. The obtained products may notably be used for forming a pressure device component.

Abstract: A method for the heat treatment of extended steel products such as, for example, rods, pipes, work pieces, etc., while the products are in motion. The products (13, 14, 33, 34, 35) are caused to be heated by DFI burners (6-11, 16-20) (where “DFI” is an abbreviation for “direct flame impingement”), which burners are caused to be located such that one set of burners (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11), (16, 17, 18, 19, 20) essentially covers the circumference of the products, and in the burners are caused to be located integrated into arrangements (2-4, 13) that transport the product in a direction that is perpendicular to a plane in which the flames of the burners essentially lie.

Abstract: A method of thermo-mechanically processing a preform composed of tool steel and a tool to modify a workpiece. The preform has a region containing austenite. The method comprises establishing the region at a process temperature between a martensitic start temperature and a stable austenitic temperature. While at the process temperature, the region is deformed to change an outer dimension and to modify the microstructure to a depth of 1 millimeter or more. The tool comprises a member composed of tool steel. The member includes a first region that extends from the outer surface to a depth of greater than 1 millimeter and a second region. The first region includes a plurality of grains having an average misorientation angle greater than about 34°, an average grain size that is at least 10% smaller than the second region, and has a different grain orientation than the second region.

Abstract: The invention provides a method which allows reliable production of steel products from a light steel. The steel products according to the invention exhibit isotropic deformation behavior and are ductile at low temperature with high yield strengths. This is achieved according to the invention by a method for producing a steel product, in particular a steel sheet or steel strip, wherein a steel strip or sheet is produced from steel which contains (in % by weight): C: ?1.00%, Mn: 7.00 to 30.00%, Al: 1.00 to 10.00%, Si: >2.50 to 8.00 %, Al+Si: >3.50 to 12.00%, B: <0.01%, Ni: <8.00%, Cu: <3.00%, N: <0.60%, Nb: <0.30%, Ti: <0.30%, V: <0.30%, P: <0.01% and iron and unavoidable impurities as the remainder, from which strip or sheet the finished steel product is subsequently produced by cold forming that takes place at a degree of cold forming of 2 to 25%.

Abstract: A forming tool and a method for the press-hardening and tempered forming of a blank from high and/or very high strength steels are provided, in which the blank is heated before the tempered forming and then formed hot or semi-hot in a forming tool, wherein the forming tool has means for tempering. This is achieved in that the forming tool makes precisely defined temperature guidance of the blank during forming, and in that a plurality of controllable means are provided in the forming tool for tempering the forming tool, by which a plurality of temperature zones can be tempered in the forming tool, wherein at least contact surfaces of forming tool elements used for the tempered forming are allocated to individual temperature zones.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-resistant, low-density hot laminated sheet steel comprising the following elements expressed in weight per cent: 0.04%:9 carbon?0.5%; 0.05%?manganese?3%, being able to contain hardening elements: 0.01%?niobium?0.1 0.01%?titanium?0.2% 0.01?vanadium?0.2%, either individually or combined, and/or elements acting on the transformation temperatures, 0.0005%?boron?0.005%; 0.05%?nickel?2%; 0.05%?chrome?2%; 0.05%?molybdenum?2%, either individually or combined, the remainder being iron and elements which are inherent to production, characterized in that it comprises: 2%?silicon?10%; 1%?aluminium?10%. The invention also relates to the production thereof.

Abstract: A steel sheet for deep drawing used for automobiles, and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The steel sheet comprises, by weight %, C: 0.010% or less, Si: 0.02% or less, Mn: 0.06˜1.5%, P: 0.15% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Sol. Al: 0.10˜0.40%, N: 0.010% or less, Ti: 0.003˜0.010%, Nb: 0.003˜0.040%, B: 0.0002˜0.0020%, and the balance of Fe and other unavoidable impurities, wherein the composition of Ti, Al, B, and N satisfies the relationship: 1.0<(Ti[%]+Al[%]/16+6B[%])/3.43N[%]<4.1, and wherein the composition of Nb, Al, and C satisfies the relationship; 0.7<(Nb[%]+Al[%]/20)/7.75C[%]<3.5. The steel sheet exhibits excellent secondary work embrittlement, fatigue properties of welded joints, and an appealing plated surface as well as excellent formability.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a steel for high-speed cold working which exhibits good cold workability during working and also exhibits high hardness after working. The steel for high-speed cold working contains C: 0.03 to 0.6% (by mass), Si: 0.005 to 0.6%, Mn: 0.05 to 2%, P: no more than 0.05% (excluding 0%), S: no more than 0.05% (excluding 0%), and N: no more than 0.04% (excluding 0%), with the remainder being iron and inevitable impurities and the amount of dissolved nitrogen in the steel being no less than 0.006%.

Abstract: The invention relates to stainless steel fibers obtained by bundled drawing of stainless steel wires embedded in a matrix material. The composition of the stainless steel fibers comprises iron and the following components expressed in percent by weight: C £ 0.05%, Mn £ 5%, Si £ 2%, 8 £ Ni £ 12%, 15% £ Cr £ 20%, Mo £ 3%, Cu £ 4%, N £ 0.05%, S £ 0.03% and P £ 0.05%. The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing stainless steel fibers.

Abstract: A coated steel sheet having a coated layer on surfaces of a steel sheet of a composition containing not less than 0.1 mass % and under 3 mass % of Al, wherein a following condition A or B is met: A: An AlN precipitate layer exists on a matrix side near an interface between said steel sheet and said coated layer B: Oxide of Al exists in said matrix right under said surfaces of said steel sheet.

Abstract: A method of producing hot rolled steel having improved formability and minimal silver formation comprises the addition of Titanium and Boron to the molten steel to combine with and remove the free nitrogen prior to rolling. Titanium is added so that the amount of nitrogen remaining after Ti addition is about 0.0005 wt % to about 0.0025 wt % and Boron is added to remove the balance of the nitrogen by forming BN.

Abstract: A hardened steel part of complex shape is made from a workpiece by first heating the workpiece to an annealing temperature. Then, while the workpiece is still at the annealing temperature, the workpiece is rapidly deformed by a machine into an intermediate shape. The deformed workpiece is then moved from the machine to a press, and, while the workpiece is still at the annealing temperature, it is deformed in the press to the complex shape and then held in the press to harden the workpiece.

Abstract: A ferritic steel sheet wherein a mean value of X-ray random intensity ratios of a group of {100}<011> to {223}<110> orientations is 3.0 or more and a mean value of X-ray random intensity ratios of three crystal orientations of {554}<225>, {111}<112>, and {111}<110> is 3.5 or less and further at least one of the r values in a rolling direction and a direction at a right angle of that is 0.7 or less.

Abstract: The high yield ratio problem intrinsic in high-strength steel pipes is solved and a method of producing a steel pipe, while securing the pipe roundness is provided. A steel pipe produced from a steel plate by forming and welding is subjected to 0.3 to 1.2% of expansion and then to 0.1 to 1.0% of reduction. The steel pipe produced by this method has a structure in which martensite and/or bainite accounts for more than 80% as expressed in terms of area percentage, and has a yield strength of not lower than 551 MPa and a yield ratio of not higher than 93%. The pipe reduction is desirably carried out at a lower work ratio as compared with the pipe expansion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a hardened sheet metal section from a flat blank, wherein the flat blank is provided with collared holes that are collared and with two groove-like indentations which serve to support the sheet metal blank on a conveyor during heating treatment in an oven; subsequently, the blank is formed in a press tool into a sheet metal section by warm forming and where, if required, the formed indentations can be flattened; and thereafter the section is hardened while remaining clamped within the tool.

Abstract: The invention relates to plastic metal working, more specifically to methods for producing parts of the disk- or shell-type having conical, hemispherical, and also combined parts, such as disk-and-shaft ones. The invention is instrumental in producing large axially symmetric parts from hard-to-work multiphase alloys. The method consists in that the billet is heated in a temperature range above 0.4 m.p. but below the temperature at which a total content of precipitates or an allotropic modification of the matrix of a multiphase alloy is not below 7%. Then the preheated billet is rolled, while controlling its temperature and the tool load, as well as the rolling speed. Once rolled the billet is heat-treated at a temperature depending on the microstructure of the billet material resulting from rolling. Prerolling preparing of a specified microstructure of the billet material is also described.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a striking plate of a golf club head includes the steps of soft heat-treating a flat metal blank to increase its malleability, stamping out a striking plate with an integral wall and a bend portion from the flat metal blank, precise machining the striking plate, and age hardening the striking plate to precipitation harden it and improve its mechanical properties after it has been joined to a main body of the golf club head.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a steel sheet for Vitreous enameling excellent in enameling properties (bubbling and black spot resistance, enamel adhesiveness and fish scale resistance) and workability, and a method for producing the same, and is characterized in that the steel sheet contains, in mass of, C: 0.010% or less, Mn: 0.03 to 1.3%, Si: 0.03% or less, Al: 0.02% or less, N: 0.0055% or less, P: below 0.035%, and S: over 0.025% to 0.08%; and the density change of the steel sheet from before an annealing to after an annealing at 850° C. for 20 hours, in a hydrogen atmosphere is 0.02% or more.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for specifically adjusting the surface structure of rolling stock (3) during cold rolling in skin pass mills. The aim of the invention is to partially transfer the surface structure of the working roll (2) onto the rolling stock (3). To this end, the change of roughness of the rolling stock (3) in the rolling process of a single- or multiple-stand, preferably two-stand skin pass mill is calculated in an optimization calculation in which the tolling parameters are varied according to the mill capacity using a tribological model that mathematically describes the friction conditions in the roll gap (1). The results obtained are then used to readjust at least a part of the rolling parameters used for calculation.

Abstract: To provide a steel sheet excellent in painting bake hardenability and anti aging property at room temperature: containing, in mass, 0.0001 to 0.20% of C, 2.0% or less of Si, 3.0% or less of Mn, 0.15% or less of P, 0.015% or less of S, and, in addition, 010% or less of Al and 0.001 to 0.10% of N so as to satisfy the expression 0.52Al/N<5 and, further, one or more of 2.5% or less of Cr, 1.0% or less of Mo and 0.1% or less of V so as to satisfy the expression (Cr+3.5MO+39V) ≧0.1, with the balance consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities; having the value of BH170, evaluated after applying a 2% tensile deformation and then a heat treatment at 170° C. for 20 min., being 45 MPa or more, and any of the value of BH160, evaluated after applying a 2% tensile deformation and then a heat treatment at 160° C. for 10 min., and the value of BH150, evaluated after applying a 2% tensile deformation and then a heat treatment at 150° C. for 10 min.

Abstract: A valve is characterized by excellent corrosion and wear resistance and maintainability due to use of a bonding corrosion and wear proof alloy containing non-continuously distributed eutectic carbide on the sliding portions of various types of apparatuses and valves by diffusion bonding. This serves to improve the maintainability of a thermal and nuclear power plant and to provide a nuclear power plant using recirculating water, which ensures excellent working safety, in particular. The corrosion and wear proof alloy is characterized in that network-formed eutectic carbide in the alloy containing the cast structure base metal and eutectic carbide is formed into(multiple) granules or lumps having a particle size of 30 microns or less so that said eutectic carbide is non-continuously distributed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a steel material which consists of a steel having the following chemical composition in weigh-%: 1.0-1.9 C, 0.5-2.0 Si, 0.1-1.5 Mn, 4.0-5.5 Cr, 2.5-4.0 (Mo+W/2), however max 1.0 W, 2.0-4.5 (V+Nb/2), however max 1.0. Nb, balance iron and impurities in normal amounts in the form of residual elements from the manufacturing of the steel, and with a microstructure, which in the hardened and tempered condition of the steel contains 5-12 vol-% MC-carbides, at least about 80 vol-% of the carbides having a size which is larger than 3 &mgr;m but smaller than 25 &mgr;m preferably smaller than 20 &mgr;m, and, prior to tempering, 0.50-0.70 weight-% carbon, which is dissolved in the martensite in the hardened condition of the steel. The material is intended for cold work tools, in the first place for homogenous rolls for cold rolling of meta, strips.

Abstract: The hot rolling apparatus of the present invention has a mill arranged on the preceding stage, mills of a plurality of stands arranged on the later stage which are different-diameter roll mills including a pair of different-diameter work rolls having an equivalent roll diameter of less than 600 mm or minimum-diameter roll mills including a pair of work rolls having a diameter of less than 600 mm, and a cooling unit for cooling steel to be rolled which is arranged on each exit side of the mills of at least two stands on the later stage. The hot rolling apparatus can smoothly manufacture hot rolled plates of fine-particle steel.

Abstract: A fine ferrite-based steel is disclosed, wherein at least 60% of the ferrite grain boundary is a large angle grain boundary of at least 15°, and the mean ferrite grain size is not more than 2.5 &mgr;m. The fine ferrite-based steel of the invention has a high strength and a long fatigue life.

Abstract: A method for processing a hot formed, high-tensile-strength steel having an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of at least about 730 MPa (105 ksi) and excellent toughness to retain essentially all the strength and toughness is provided. This processing is needed for the fabrication of high strength fittings that are used in the construction of linepipe for transport of natural gas, crude oil, as well as other applications. Furthermore, the hot formed high strength steel may be weldable with a Pcm of less than or equal to 0.35.

Abstract: Ferrous articles are austenitized, then converted to at least 60% bainite, and the balance substantially converted to martensite by quenching; the articles are then cold worked, preferably by both compression and tensile deformation to at least 60% yield strength. The articles have improved serviceability, particularly fatigue life.

Abstract: Ferrous articles are austenitized, then converted to at least 60% bainite, and the balance substantially converted to martensite; the articles are then cold worked, preferably by both compression and tensile deformation to at least 60% yield strength. The articles have improved serviceability, particularly fatigue life.

Abstract: In a method of making a hardened sheet metal article, a blank is formed with at least one through-passage with a projecting collar. Thereafter, the blank is heated and hot-formed in a press mold to a sheet metal article. Still within the press mold, the sheet metal article is hardened. The shaping of the blank in the press mold is accompanied by a calibration of the through-passage to final shape.

Abstract: In a method of making a hardened sheet metal article, at least one pot-shaped depression is formed in a sheet metal blank. Thereafter, the sheet metal blank is hot formed in a press mold to a sheet metal article, and the sheet metal article is hardened. The press mold provides hereby a calibration of the depression to provide the final shape.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high strength hot-dip galvanized and galvannealed steel sheets with excellent drawability for press forming and excellent plating adhesion that is useful as a member for automobiles, construction, electric devices and the like, and to a process for its manufacture. According to an embodiment of the invention, the steel sheet contains in terms of weight percent, C: 0.05-0.2%, Si: 0.2-2.0%, Mn: 0.2-2.5%, Al: 0.01-1.5%, Ni: 0.2-5.0%, P: <0.03% and S: <0.02%, the relationship between Si and Al being such that 0.4(%)≦Si+0.8 Al(%)≦2.0% and the remainder consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities, the volume percentage of the retained austenite is 2-20% and the steel sheet surface wherein the relationship between the Ni and Si, Al in 0.5 &mgr;m of the steel sheet surface layer is such that Ni(%)≦¼ Si+⅓Al(%), has a Zn plating layer comprising Al: ≦1% with the remainder Zn and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an improved Fe—Ni alloy consisting of 33-37% Ni; 0.001-0.1% Mn; optionally, 0.01-2% Co; and at least one of (1) 0.01-0.8% Nb; (2) 0.01-0.8% Ta; and/or (3) 0.01-0.8% Hf, with the total of Nb, Ta and Hf being in the range of 0.01-0.8% and the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities. The method comprises subjecting the alloy to a hot rolling process wherein the rate of distortion during each pass of hot rolling is below 70/second resulting in the alloy having a reduced rate of crack formation during the hot rolling process, and high drop-shock resistance and low thermal expansion after the hot rolling process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a hardened sheet metal section from a flat blank, wherein the flat blank is provided with collared holes that are collared and with two groove-like indentations which serve to support the sheet metal blank on a conveyor during heating treatment in an oven; subsequently, the blank is formed in a press tool into a sheet metal section by warm forming and where, if required, the formed indentations can be flattened; and thereafter the section is hardened while remaining clamped within the tool.

Abstract: A high-strength bolt having excellent delayed fracture resistance and stress relaxation resistance in addition to a tensile strength of 1200 N/mm2 or higher is disclosed. A steel material for the high-strength bolt includes C: 0.50 to 1.0% by mass (hereinafter, referred to simply as “%”), Si: 0.5% or less (not including 0%), Mn: 0.2 to 1%, P: 0.03% or less (including 0%) and S: 0.03% or less (including 0%). The steel material has pro-eutectoid ferrite, pro-eutectoid cementite, bainite and martensite structures at less than 20% in total and a pearlite structure as the remainder. The high-strength bolt is produced by drawing the steel material severely to obtain a steel wire, forming the steel wire into a bolt shape through a cold heading, and subjecting the shaped steel wire to a blueing treatment at a temperature within a range of 100 to 400 ° C.

Abstract: The steel sheet comprises: a ferritic phase having ferritic grains of 10 or more grain size number and ferritic grain boundaries; and at least one kind of Nb precipitates and Ti precipitates. The ferritic grain has a low density region with a low precipitate density in the vicinity of grain boundary. The low density region has a precipitate density of 60% or less to the precipitate density at center part of the ferritic grain. The steel sheet consists essentially of 0.002 to 0.02% C, 1% or less Si, 3% or less Mn, 0.1% or less P, 0.02% or less S, 0.01 to o.1% sol.Al, 0.007% or less N, at least one element of 0.01 mass %, and the balance being Fe.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel plate of excellent ridging resistance and formability, as well as a manufacturing method thereof are proposed. Specifically, the rolling is conducted at a rolling reduction of 30% or more in at least 1 pass and at a temperature difference between the center of the plate thickness and the surface of 200° C. or lower in a pass for the maximum rolling reduction to cause the area ratio of a {111} orientation colony to be present by 30% or more in the regions of ⅛ to ⅜ and ⅝ to ⅞ of the plate thickness. The {111} orientation colony is an assembly of adjacent crystals in which the angle of <111> orientation vector for each of the crystals relative to the direction vector vertical to the rolling surface is within 15°.

Abstract: A process for production of sheet-metal strip of niobium-stabilized 14% chromium ferritic steel, characterized in that certain steel is subjected to:

Abstract: The present invention relates to an H-shaped steel used as a building structure such as a column material or the like for highrise and super highrise building structures. In the bainite structure of extra-low-carbon steel, diffusive &agr;q is finely dispersed in &agr;B to ensure tensile strength at the 590-MPa level and significantly improve toughness in the direction of the flange thickness. Fine dispersion of &agr;q is achieved by controlling Mn and Cu in proper ranges. In other word, the present invention provides 590MPa class heavy gauge H-shaped steel with excellent as-rolled toughness in the direction of the flange thickness, containing 0.001 to 0.025 wt % of C, 0.6 wt % or less of Si, 0.4 to 1.6 wt % of Mn, 0.025 wt % or less of P, 0.010 wt % or less of S, 0.1 wt % or less of Al, 0.6 to 2.0 wt % of Cu, 0.25 to 2.0 wt % of Ni, 0.001 to 0.050 wt % of Ti, and 0.0002 to 0.0030 wt % of B, wherein Mn/Cu≦2.0 and 250≦117 Mn (wt %)+163 Cu (wt %)≦350 are satisfied.

Abstract: The present invention includes bainitic steel doctor blades, bainitic steel coating blades, bainitic steel creping blades and bainitic steel rule die knives used in gravure printing, flexographic printing, paper making, die cutting of materials including paper, plastic, foam, leather, etc. Other uses include printing processes such as pad printing and electrostatic printing. The invention also includes an improved method for producing bainitic steel strip. The present invention is accomplished by using bainitic steel components that exhibit superior straightness and wear properties and are bendable around small radii.

Abstract: A steel sheet having a composition comprising C: 0.05-0.20 mass %, Si: 0.3-1.8 mass %, Mn: 1.0-3.0 mass %, Fe of the balance and inevitable impurities is subjected to a primary step of primary heat treatment and subsequent rapid cooling to Ms point or lower, a secondary step of secondary heat treatment and subsequent rapid cooling, and a tertiary step of galvanizing treatment and rapid cooling, so as to turn the structure of the steel sheet into a composite structure of 20% or more by volume of tempered martensite, 2% or more by volume of retained austenite, ferrite and a low-temperature transformation phase. A galvanized layer is deposited on the surface of the steel sheet. It is preferred to cool the steel sheet to 300° C. at a cooling rate of 5 ° C./sec. or more after the galvanizing treatment. After the galvanizing treatment, alloying treatment may be conducted.

Abstract: This invention provides a steel sheet for a mask frame which maintains a tension-type color CRT shadow mask under tension.

Abstract: A flat product made of multiphase steel and a method for preparing the steel includes hot rolling at a temperature at which the austenite phase is stable, then tempering to form a C and Mn-enriched phase in a matrix, followed by a heat treatment to form austenite islands and/or enriching in Mn the already formed austenite and cooling down to room temperature so as to obtain a final product with a ferrite matrix containing residual austenite, bainite and/or martensite islands.

Abstract: A 590 MPa-class rolled steel shape of high strength and excellent toughness for use as a building structural member and a method of producing the high-tensile rolled steel shape are provided. Strength optimization by an alloy that elevates hardenability, texture refinement obtained by fine dispersion of Ti oxides and TiN owing to Ti addition, precipitation strengthening by Cu addition, and formation of a fine bainite texture by temperature-controlled rolling, cooling control and the like enable a high-strength, high-toughness rolled steel shape of high-strength and excellent toughness having mechanical properties of a tensile strength of not less than 590 MPa, a yield strength or 0.2% proof strength of not less than 440 MPa and a Charpy impact absorption energy at 0° C. of not less than 47 J, and method of producing the same.

Abstract: Processes for preparing copper-INVAR-copper (CIC) for use in making chip packaging and the CIC created. One process comprises annealing a CIC section at a temperature in a range of 1475° F. to 1625° F. for a time in a range of 40 to 120 seconds. Another process includes heat treating a CIC section at a temperature in a range of 1275° F. to 1425° F. for a time in a range of 40 to 120 seconds. The above processes can be combined. The CIC section created exhibits unique electrical, physical, and mechanical properties.

Abstract: A tough high strength heavy wall steel material having superior weldability is provided, said steel material has a diameter or a side 5 mm or more in length, and comprises oxides 1 &mgr;m or less in particle diameter homogeneously dispersed at a dispersion density in a range of from 10,000 to 100,000 particles/mm2 and uniform ferrite grains 2 &mgr;m or less in grain diameter formed over the entire plane making a right angle with respect to the rolling direction.

Abstract: A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet comprising 2.5-4.5% Si by weight and measuring 0.36-1.00 mm in thickness is imparted with a good core loss value for its thickness by controlling its C content, flux density, grain boundary configuration, and deviation degree of crystal orientation in the grains.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of forming a new material layer or region near an interface region of two dissimilar materials, and an optional third layer, wherein at least one of said dissimilar materials or optional third is capable of being heated by microwave energy. The method of the present invention includes a step of irradiating a structure containing at least two dissimilar materials and an optional third layer under conditions effective to form the new material layer in the structure. An apparatus for conducting the microwave heating as well as the structures formed from the method are also described herein.

Abstract: The in-line combination of a reversing rolling mill (Steckel mill) and its coiler furnaces with accelerated controlled cooling apparatus immediately downstream thereof and associated method permits steel to be sequentially reversingly rolled to achieve an overall reduction of at least about 3:1, imparted by a first reduction while the steel is kept at a temperature above the Tnr by the coiler furnaces so as to preserve an optimum opportunity for controlled recrystallization of the steel after each rolling pass, and a second reduction while the temperature of the steel drops from about the Tnr to about the Ar3. The second reduction is preferably of the order of 2:1 as a result of which the steel reaches a final plate thickness.