Abstract: Aqueous dispersion of a polymer, which polymer has been obtained by subjecting a starting polymer which contains maleic anhydride monomer units and vinyl aromatic monomer units to an imidization reaction, the starting polymer containing 7-50 mole % maleic anhydride monomer units and the imidization reaction having been carried out in such a way that at most 75% of the maleic anhydride monomer units has been imidized.

Abstract: A process for the production of paper from an aqueous suspension containing cellulosic fibers, and optional fillers, which comprises draining the suspension to obtain a paper web and subjecting the obtained paper web to impulse pressing by passage through at least one press nip having at least one heated roll which is in contact with the web and heated to a temperature above 100° C., wherein a chemical system comprising a polymer component and micro- or nanoparticles are added to the suspension or the paper web before the paper web passes the press nip of the impulse unit.

Abstract: A lightweight, coated web printing paper is described which is suitable for use in the cold-set printing process, which has specific values for water penetration and ink absorption and has gloss values of at least 20% for a smoothness in the range of 200 to 600 sec. Bekk.

Abstract: A papermaking machine and a method for applying an application medium to a moving web of material in a papermaking machine. The papermaking machine has a wet end section, a press section, a drying section and an applying device for applying a medium to a moving web of material. The wet end section includes a twin wire area having a first wire and a second wire wherein the web of material is formed and positioned between the two wires and separated from the two wires before moving to the press section. At least one wet end section applying device is positioned on one side of at least one of the first wire or the second wire within the twin wire area and facing away from the web of material positioned on the wires. The press section of the papermaking machine has a first press element and at least one press section applying device facing directly toward the web of material.

Abstract: The strength properties of paper are improved by treating the paper with a hydroxy-containing polymer, a multifunctional aldehyde and a catalyst. The multifunctional aldehyde is present at a concentration of about 50% to about 800% weight percent of the polymer, the catalyst is present at a weight ratio of between about 1:0.1 to about 1:2 multifunctional aldehyde:catalyst and the total weight of the polymer, aldehyde and catalyst is between about 0.1% to about 10% based on the dry weight of the paper.

Abstract: A densifying agent is applied to fibers in order to improve the densification properties of the fibers. The fibers have hydrogen bonding functional groups. The densifying agent are denser than the fibers to which the densifying agent is applied. The densifying agent can be organic or inorganic. The improved densification properties are observed without the presence of particles bound to the fibers or in the presence of particles that are not bound to the fibers. Softening agents can also be applied to the fibers in order to soften the fibers and articles including such fibers. Softening agents may be selected from the group of densifying agents.

Abstract: A method of producing dimensionally stable paper and/or paperboard products by treating a hygroreactive cellulosic fiber matrix with a hydrophobic sizing agent solution; and drying the treated fibers using heat and/or pressure so that the hydrophobic sizing agent penetrates the fiber matrix making it hydrophobic.

Abstract: Discloses is a method for sizing paper at a pH of about 5.0 to about 8.5 by incorporating a sizing composition consisting essentially of (a) rosin, (b) at least one hydrocarbon resin, (c) a cationic component consisting essentially of a cationic polyamine resin at a weight ration of the rosin/hydrocarbon resin blend to cationic polyamine of about 5:1 to about 1:2, and (d) up to 0.3% alum. The cationic polyamine resin is selected from the group consisting of polyalkyleneamine-epihalohydrin resins, polyalkyleneamine-dicyandiamide-epihalohydrin resins, poly(diallylamine•HCl)-epihalohydrin resins, poly(methyldiallylamine•HCl)-epihalohydrin resins, epihalohydrin-modified polyethyleneimine resins, amine-modified poly(methyldiallylamine•HCl)-epihalohydrin resins, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A lightweight, coated web printing paper is described for suitability in the cold-set printing process, which has specific values for water penetration and ink absorption and has gloss values in the 40-50% range for a smoothness in the range of 500 sec. Bekk.

Abstract: The invention relates to the sizing of substrates including paper, paperboard, wood and textiles, using an acetal sizing agent including 1,1-octadecoxyoctadecane, the distearyl acetal of stearyl aldehyde.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of sizing paper comprising use of a sizing composition comprising: (a) at least one thermoplastic resin selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic rosins having an acid number less than 50, thermoplastic hydrocarbon resins, thermoplastic polyamides and thermoplastic amide waxes; (b) starch; and (c) surfactant. The sizing takes place substantially in the absence of alum or other aluminum based fixing agents.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for inhibiting the deposition of organic contaminants from pulp in pulp and papermaking systems are disclosed. The methods add to the pulp or to the deposition prone surface of the papermaking systems a composition comprising a dinonyl sulfosuccinate anionic surfactant which is used in systems containing multivalent cations, preferably calcium ions. The methods also utilize a blend of dioctyl sulfosuccinate and didecyl sulfosuccinate anionic surfactants.

Abstract: An aqueous slurry for manufacturing water soluble or dispersible paper for use in medical device packaging. The slurry has a solid component consisting of methylcellulose and paper pulp. The slurry also has a liquid component consisting of water and an alkylalcohol. The methylcellulose remains in a substantially undissolved state in the aqueous slurry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a soft, thick, single-ply tissue and to a process for the manufacture of such tissue product having a basis weight of at least about 15 lbs./3,000 square foot ream and having low sidedness, said tissue exhibiting:a specific total tensile strength of between 40 and 75 grams per 3 inches per pound per 3000 square feet ream, a cross direction specific wet tensile strength of between 2.75 and 7.5 grams per 3 inches per pound per 3000 square feet ream, the ratio of MD tensile to CD tensile of between 1.25 and 2.75, a specific geometric mean tensile stiffness of between 0.5 and 1.2 grams per inch per percent strain per pound per 3000 square feet ream, a friction deviation of less than 0.225, and a sidedness parameter of less than 0.275.

Abstract: A water-disintegrable paper which can be used in the same way as the ordinary toilet paper and shows excellent water disintegrability, wiping out property, feel, and moisture retaining property is provided, the water-disintegrable paper comprising: a water-disintegrable body paper; one or more components selected from glycerol, diglycerol, polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight in a desired range, sorbitol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, glycine betaine, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid salt, maltitol, and sodium lactate, as a humectant; and one or more components selected from sodium carboxymethylcellulose, a starch, a denatured starch, guar gum polyvinyl alcohol, and polyacrylamide, as a dry paper strength additive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the inhibition of photo-yellowing in paper rich in lignin by treatment of pulp or paper rich in lignin with a compound containing hydroxy functionalities that are capable of forming a ketal with a carbonyl group in an acidic environment. In a preferred embodiment the acidic environment is provided by the presence of an acidic clay or an acidic zeolite.

Abstract: Wood pulp sheets treated with triacetin and other compounds, or solutions or emulsions of same, having increased softness while maintaining absorbency, and methods for producing same. More particularly, the invention relates to the treatment of wood pulp useful for making a fluff pulp using a softening agent including alkyl ethers, aryl ethers and formic, ethanoic and propanoic esters of low molecular weight glycols, such as triacetin, propylene glycol diacetate and 2-phenoxyethanol.

Abstract: Defoaming formulations for aqueous systems are produced by treating silicates such as sodium magnesium aluminosilicates with a source of aluminum to provide an aluminum content therein in the range of 0.1 to 2.5 wt. %, preferable 0.3 to 1.2 wt. %, and forming a defoaming formulation from said aluminum treated silicate by hydrophobizing with a silicone fluid, and dispersing in oil and/or water to form a defoamer formulation.

Abstract: Wood pulp sheets treated with triacetin and other compounds, or solutions or emulsions of same, having increased softness while maintaining absorbency, and methods for producing same. More particularly, the invention relates to the treatment of wood pulp useful for making a fluff pulp using a softening agent including alkyl ethers or aryl ethers and esters of low molecular weight glycols, such as triacetin, propylene glycol diacetate and 2-phenoxyethanol.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for inhibiting the deposition of organic contaminants from pulp in pulp and papermaking systems are disclosed. The methods add to the pulp or to the deposition prone surface of the papermaking systems a composition comprising a dinonyl sulfosuccinate anionic surfactant which is used in systems containing multivalent cations, preferably calcium ions. The methods also utilize a blend of dioctyl sulfosuccinate and didecyl sulfosuccinate anionic surfactants.

Abstract: Enhanced paper debonding and softening are achieved by producing the paper from an aqueous suspension of fibers which contains one or more cationic agents and one or more compounds of the formula HO(X--O).sub.x --R--(O--Y).sub.y --OH wherein each X is ethylene, straight or branched propylene, or straight or branched butylene; x is 0 to 40; each Y is ethylene, straight or branched propylene, or straight or branched butylene; y is 0 to 40; the sum of (x+y) is 0 to 40; and R is saturated straight, branched or cyclic alkylene containing 4 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A sizing composition for fine paper that does not encounter machine feed problems in high-speed converting or reprographic operations is not solid at 35.degree. C. and comprises a mixture of 2-oxetanone compounds that are the reaction product of a reaction mixture comprising (a) a feedstock comprising primarily unsaturated fatty acids and (b) a feedstock comprising primarily saturated fatty acids, or acid halides thereof, provided that at least 20 mole % of the reaction mixture fatty acids comprise saturated fatty acids and at least 20 mole % of the reaction mixture fatty acids comprise unsaturated fatty acids.

Abstract: A method for controlling foam in the papermaking operation comprising a polyether surfactant and polyethoxylated sorbitol hexaoleate.

Abstract: A soft uncreped throughdried tissue product is disclosed having uniformly distributed surface deposits of a chemical composition which imparts a benefit to the user, such as a reduction in skin irritation during use. Particularly suitable compositions are those which have a melting point of from about 30.degree. C. to about 70.degree. C. and which are applied to the outer surfaces of the tissue product in melted form, preferably by rotogravure printing. A suitable composition contains an oil, a wax, and preferably a fatty alcohol.

Abstract: A soft uncreped throughdried tissue product is disclosed having uniformly distributed surface deposits of a chemical composition which imparts a benefit to the user, such as a reduction in skin irritation during use. Particularly suitable compositions are those which have a melting point of from about 30.degree. C. to about 70.degree. C. and which are applied to the outer surfaces of the tissue product in melted form, preferably by rotogravure printing. A suitable composition contains an oil, a wax, and preferably a fatty alcohol.

Abstract: Tissue paper having an enhanced bulk and tactile softness through incorporation of an effective amount of a polyhydroxy compound and an oil is disclosed. Preferably, from about 0.05% to about 2.0% of the polyhydroxy compound, on a dry fiber weight basis, and from about 0.05% to about 2.0% of an oil, on a dry fiber weight basis, are incorporated in the tissue paper. These nonionic compounds have high rates of retention when applied to wet tissue paper webs according to the process described herein. Tissue embodiments of the present invention may further comprise a quantity of strength additive, such as starch, to increase paper strength.

Abstract: An emulsion type defoaming agent composition formed by emulsifying 5 to 35 weight parts of an organic fluid, 0.5 to 5 weight parts of a silicone oil, 0.5 to 5 weight parts of a hydrophobic silica and 1 to 40 weight parts of a modified silicone oil into water in the presence of an emulsifier is useful as a defoaming agent for aqueous systems, particularly for strongly alkaline aqueous systems.

Abstract: An alkenylsuccinic acid emulsion sizing agent, wherein said alkenylsuccinic acid emulsion sizing agent has a solid concentration of at least 25% by weight, and comprises active components comprising an alkenylsuccinic acid present in an amount of at least 50 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the total active components in the alkenylsuccinic acid emulsion sizing agent; and, wherein said alkenylsuccinic acid is obtained by dispersing a product prepared by reacting a branched inner olefin having from 9 to 18 carbon atoms with maleic anhydride in water using an amphoteric acrylamide-series polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making soft tissue paper which includes providing a dry tissue web and then applying a sufficient amount of a functional-polysiloxane softener compound to the dry web. The softener application process includes the steps of mixing a functional-polysiloxane compound with a suitable nonvolatile diluent, such as a mineral oil, forming an emulsion containing the functional-polysiloxane compound and nonvolatile diluent using a volatile solvent, such as water, and surfactant emulsifier, applying the emulsion to a heated transfer surface, evaporating the volatile solvent from the emulsion to form a film, and then contacting the dry tissue web with the heated transfer surface. Preferably, the tissue web is dried to a moisture level below its equilibrium moisture content before application of the functional-polysiloxane material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making soft tissue paper which includes providing a dry tissue web and then applying a sufficient amount of a functional-polysiloxane softener compound to the dry web. The softener application process includes the steps of mixing a functional-polysiloxane compound with a suitable nonvolatile diluent, such as a nonfunctional-polysiloxane, forming an emulsion containing the functional-polysiloxane compound and nonvolatile diluent using a volatile solvent, such as water, and surfactant emulsifier, applying the emulsion to a heated transfer surface, evaporating the volatile solvent from the emulsion to form a film, and then contacting the dry tissue web with the heated transfer surface. Preferably, the tissue web is dried to a moisture level below its equilibrium moisture content before application of the functional-polysiloxane material.

Abstract: In sizing paper and paperboard with an aqueous ASA sizing system, a dispersal is formed comprising an ASA, a water-immiscible carrier, and a cationic water-soluble dispersing agent and when desired, a non-ionic surfactant. The dispersal can be shipped and stored for a prolonged time until use. The dispersal is added to water to form an oil-in-water sizing emulsion. This prepared emulsion is suitable for sizing paper and paperboard directly without the need for additional emulsifying agents or expensive equipment.

Abstract: In a papermaking operation which utilizes secondary fiber furnish containing hot melt or pressure sensitive adhesive contaminants, a method of inhibiting stickies comprising adding to the pulp slurry at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of fatty alkanolamides and ethoxylated compounds in addition to a hydrocarbon solvent.

Abstract: A process of making paper by forming a paper furnish comprised of cellulosic fibers or cellulosic fibers and mineral filler material suspended in water, depositing the furnish on a papermaking wire, and forming a sheet out of the solid components of the furnish while carried on the wire, the improvement wherein there is mixed into the furnish, prior to its being deposited on the wire, about 0.50 to 5 percent of cationic starch (based on the dry weight of total solids in the furnish) followed by about 5 to 20 percent of a water soluble carboxymethyl) cellulose (based on the weight of the cationic starch).

Abstract: A composition for the control of unwanted foaming comprising(a) Soya bean oil(b) a mineral oil(c) a finely divided silica(d) an unsubstituted fatty acid monoester of glycerol(e) an unsubstituted fatty acid ester of a polyoxyalkylated sorbitan.These compositions are valuable for the control of foam especially in fermentations since they are stable to sterilization.Also they may be used in paints since they do not give the defects often associated with silicone antifoams.

Abstract: This invention provides a sizing composition for cellulosic fiber sheets comprising water and finely divided solid particles dispersed in the water, said particles being a uniform mixture of about 40 to about 96% by weight of a ketene dimer and about 4 to about 60% by weight of a noncrystalline hydrocarbon resin; and a process for preparing the sizing composition.The sizing composition of this invention is excellent both in sizing effects and in stabilities.

Abstract: This invention relates to defoamed compositions and processes for inhibiting foaming in a liquid system containing water. Maleic ester copolymers in admixture with a mineral oil are particularly useful in pulp and paper manufacturing applications. The defoamers of the invention are compositions comprising mineral oil and a polymer which is an alkyl ester of the reaction product of a maleic compound and a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable therewith.

Abstract: Microemulsion defoamer compositions which are oil in water colloidal dispersions are useful in defoaming aqueous systems such as in paper machines and latex paints. These compositions are prepared by mixing a water dispersible organic material, ethylene oxide condensate, coupling agent, water, basic material and antigelling agent.

Abstract: The drainage of pulp sheet is improved by treatment of the pulp prior to entry to the sheet making machine with a composition comprising a suspension of finely-divided hydrophobic lubricating particles in a suitable carrier liquid. The invention has particular applicability to paper making wherein the smoothness and printability of the paper is improved and to pulp drying.

Abstract: An antifoam/defoam composition used also as a drainage aid in pulp and papermaking process lines which consists of a water-base composition useful in the pH range 7.0-9.0. The milieu in which the composition is utilized such as e.g. black liquor, may be kept at a pH of 4.0-12.0. The composition is as follows:Hydrophobic silicaBisamide of the following formula: ##STR1## where N IS AN INTEGER FROM 1 TO 6; ANDR is a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl group having from 5 to 22 carbon atoms.Acid containing crosslinked copolymer of acrylic acidDioctyl sulfosuccinateParaffin oilWaterMore particular formulae are also set out below:______________________________________ (A) Hydrophobic silica 0-30% Ethylene-bis-stearamide .001-50% Acid containing crosslinked acrylic acid polymer .05-10% Dioctyl sulfosuccinate .05-10% Paraffin oil .001-99% H.sub.2 O .001-99% (B) Hydrophobic silica 4-12% Ethylene-bis-stearamide 4-12% Acid containing crosslinked acrylic acid polymer .

Abstract: A process for surface sizing paper with a surface sizing composition, which comprises a copolymer of acrylic or methacrylic ester, alkali metal salts of acrylic or methacrylic acid, and acrylic or methacrylic acid, or ammonium or lower alkyl amine salts thereof, where substantially no scum forms in the press operation, even after 8 hours.

Abstract: Condensation products are formed from the unsaponifiable constituents of tall oil and alpha- beta- unsaturated mono- or poly-basic aliphatic acids or their derivatives. The condensation products can be formed into aqueous soap solutions in which form they find use as agents in the sizing of paper, particularly when used as fortifying agents for rosin acid soap sizes.