Abstract: An apparatus, for the steam explosion treatment of biomass, having a pressurized reactor vessel to receive a biomass material and steam, discharge lines connecting the pressurized reactor vessel to the separation device, the lines sized and positioned to allow for the steam explosion of biomass material. At the outlet end of the discharge lines is a collection-expansion manifold to connect the outlet end of each of the discharge lines to a collection line, wherein the collection line provides a passage for biomass material and steam flowing from the discharge lines. The collection line passage has a substantially larger cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area of a single discharge line. The collection line is coupled to a separation device such that the separation device receives the biomass material and steam from the collection line.

Abstract: The method and arrangement are for adding treatment liquid to comminuted cellulose material, preferably wood chips, during the manufacture of chemical pulp in a continuous process. The process is using a down-flow vessel wherein chips are descending down the vessel in a plug flow and wherein treated chips are continuously fed out at the bottom of the vessel. By arranging at least one telescopic pipe inside the vessel that extends down into the plug flow makes it possible to adjust the position for the addition of treatment liquid depending on current operational parameters.

Abstract: An apparatus, for the steam explosion treatment of biomass, having a pressurized reactor vessel to receive a biomass material and steam, discharge lines connecting the pressurized reactor vessel to the separation device, the lines sized and positioned to allow for the steam explosion of biomass material. At the outlet end of the discharge lines is a collection-expansion manifold to connect the outlet end of each of the discharge lines to a collection line, wherein the collection line provides a passage for biomass material and steam flowing from the discharge lines. The collection line passage has a substantially larger cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area of a single discharge line. The collection line is coupled to a separation device such that the separation device receives the biomass material and steam from the collection line.

Abstract: It is described a process for thermal hydrolysis and team explosion of biomass, said method comprising the steps of: (i) leading the biomass approximately continuous to a first preheating step and preheat the biomass, (ii) leading the preheated biomass into at least two reactors sequentially, (iii) heating and pressurising the reactor by addition of steam, (iv) keeping the reactor(s) at a certain temperature and pressure for a certain time, (v) leading the heated and pressurized biomass from the reactor(s) to a first pressure relief tank without any substantial pressure reduction and quickly relief the pressure of the biomass by means of a nozzle, in order to disintegrate the biomass, (vi) leading the biomass from the first pressure relief tank to a second pressure relief tank having a lower pressure than the pressure of the first pressure relief tank, (vii) leading the so treated biomass to a downstream facility for subsequent treatment. The invention also comprises a device for thermal treatment of biomass.

Abstract: The production equipment of paper-made components for loudspeakers includes a mixing device, a fining device, a paper-making device, and a shape processing device. The mixing device mixes material of a paper-made component for a loudspeaker into liquid to generate mixed liquid. The fining device includes a pressure unit, an orifice, and an inner wall. The pressure unit applies pressure on the mixed liquid to cause the mixed liquid to pass through the orifice, and the mixed liquid collides against the inner wall to cause the fining device to generate fined material. The paper-making device paper-makes the fined material to generate a paper-made component. The shape processing device processes the shape of the paper-made component. This structure provides production equipment of the paper-made components for loudspeakers, which prepares material for paper-making in a short time and reduces producing time.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for digesting cellulosic material that includes a vessel containing a digestion chamber and having an opening that provides access to the digestion chamber. A container for holding the cellulosic material is located within the digestion chamber. A closure interfaces with the vessel opening to form a seal against a predetermined digestion pressure and temperature within the chamber. A fluid-transporting system directs digestion fluids from a supply in the digestion chamber through a port and the container toward any cellulosic material therein. Digestion fluid distributed from the port through the container soaks the cellulosic material. Also provided are processes for digestion cellulosic material.

Abstract: The arrangement concerns an improved design for at least one of the cooling, dilution and washing at the bottom of a continuous digester for the production of cellulose pulp. By arranging at least one extra strainer section above the lowermost strainer section, with the addition of washing fluid or dilution fluid between the extra strainer section and the lowermost strainer section, more washing fluid can be added at the bottom of the digester without counteracting the flow of the column of chips. This provides space for the increase of production, for improvement of the flow of the column of chips, or for combinations of these effects while retaining good cooling, washing and dilution at the bottom of the digester.

Abstract: A method is provided for subjecting a material which is partially in a solid state and partially in a liquid state to explosive forces. The method includes containing the material in a vessel having a length in a first direction and a width in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the length being greater than the width; subjecting the material to the explosive forces in the vessel, the explosive forces being caused by introducing energy to the material by discharging a capacitor through a capacitor discharge electrode located within the material; and removing the material from the vessel after being subjected to the explosive forces.

Abstract: The arrangement concerns an improved design for at least one of the cooling, dilution and washing at the bottom of a continuous digester for the production of cellulose pulp. By arranging at least one extra strainer section above the lowermost strainer section, with the addition of washing fluid or dilution fluid between the extra strainer section and the lowermost strainer section, more washing fluid can be added at the bottom of the digester without counteracting the flow of the column of chips. This provides space for the increase of production, for improvement of the flow of the column of chips, or for combinations of these effects while retaining good cooling, washing and dilution at the bottom of the digester.

Abstract: An energy efficient process for hydrolyzing lignocellulosic materials which comprises using a primary system by providing a start-up energy input to operating saturated steam conditions and thereafter operating the primary system with substantially constant energy input, the condition of the hydrolyzing saturated steam being controlled by water injection and/or steam bleeding from the primary system. The dwell time of the solids stream in the primary sustem is controlled by controlling its passage with flashing off of steam into a secondary system where drying occurs together with some small measure of hydrolysis in a lower pressure superheated steam environment, there being an energy input into the secondary system using steam bled from the primary system. The output solids material stream is preferably capable of being self polymerized into a formed shape eg a board.

Abstract: An energy efficient process for hydrolyzing lignocellulosic materials which comprises using a primary system by providing a start-up energy input to operating saturated steam conditions and thereafter operating the primary system with substantially constant energy input, the condition of the hydrolysing saturated steam being controlled by water injection and/or steam bleeding from the primary system. The dwell time of the solids stream in the primary system is controlled by controlling its passage with flashing off of steam into a secondary system where drying occurs together with some small measure of hydrolysis in a lower pressure superheated steam environment, there being an energy input into the secondary system using steam bled from the primary system. The output solids material stream is preferably capable of being self polymerized into a formed shape eg a board.

Abstract: A process of preparing a suspension of paper making fibers in water for use in the making of paper includes the steps of treating a mass of fibrous materials, such as shredded waste paper materials, with steam under pressure in a closed vessel, and transferring the resulting mixture of treated materials and steam to a second vessel containing a substantial volume of aqueous liquid in such manner that the mixture impacts directly the liquid in the second vessel at very high velocity causing disintegration of the solid materials into essentially separate fibers and contaminant particles accompanied by dispersion of these solids in the liquid in the second vessel. Systems are described for carrying out these process steps on either a continuous or a batch basis.

Abstract: An apparatus for chemical treatment of lignocellulosic materials comprises two concentric compartments, the inner one is used for chemical reaction whereas the outer is used for generation of hot water or steam. The top and the bottom of the outer compartment is closed and connected to the inner one. These two are interconnected by two steam conduits. The inner compartment is also connected to a circulation pump and a heat exchanger. The bottom of this inner compartment is equipped with a quick-release valve which may be used to execute explosive discharge of the treated lignocellulosic material. On top of said apparatus is a cover which allows experiments to be performed under pressurized conditions. For experimentation, lignocellulosic material in form of chips (large particles) may be treated either with heated chemical solution or steam. Materials in form of fibers (fine particles) may be treated by means of vapor or by heat conduction furnished by the outer compartment.

Abstract: Cellulosic material, such as wood chips, is fed from a storage bin (10) through a compacting screw feeder (12) to an impregnation chamber (16) in housing (14) wherein the material is contacted with a treatment liquid. The impregnated chips and treatment liquid are passed from chamber (16) by a triple flight intermeshing screw feeder (18) directly to the interior of an inclined treatment vessel (20) wherein the material is digested by cooking at elevated temperature and pressure in both the treatment liquid and a treatment vapor.

Abstract: Washed wood pulp from a continuous digester is treated with oxygen in the blow line from the digester. Most of the treatment occurs within the mixer. The mixer has a mixing zone with a swept area of 10,000 to 1,000,000 square meters per metric ton of oven-dry pulp. A preferred range is 25,000 to 150,000 square meters per ton of oven-dry pulp and an optimum range is around 65,400 square meters per metric ton of oven-dry pulp. Following mixing, the pulp may be taken to a subsequent process, a diffusion washer, or to a storage tank.

Abstract: A uniquely designed nozzle is described for assisting the liberation of fibres from cellulosic material during an explosive defibration process. The nozzle is constructed with a plurality of internal bars so as to provide a tortuous path to the material passing therethrough from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure.