Abstract: Process and apparatus for improving a consistency cross-direction profile of a fiber web in the wet section. The process includes distributing a fiber suspension across a machine width from a headbox to one of on a wire and between two wires, adjusting a cross-sectional basis weight by sectionally mixing, across the machine width, a first suspension having a first solid content and a first percentage composition and a second suspension having second solid content that is one of lower and higher than the first solid content, and a second percentage composition of the solids content of the second suspension differs from the first percentage composition, and sectionally admixing at least a third suspension across the machine width, the third suspension having a solids content that is one of lower and higher than the solids content of at least one of the first and second solids content, and having a third percentage composition that differs from at least one of the first and second percentage compositions.

Abstract: A former for producing a tissue web and a process of making a tissue web using the former. The former includes a forming element, an inner dewatering belt, and an outer dewatering belt. The inner and outer belts converge to form a stock inlet nip. The inner and outer belts are guided over the forming element and thereafter separating from one another in the area of a separation point. At least one suction element is positioned adjacent the inner belt on a side which is opposite the outer belt. Alternatively, a conditioning device is positioned adjacent the outer belt. The process includes forming the tissue web in the area of the forming element, guiding the inner and outer belts around the forming element, and separating the inner and outer belts in the area of the separation point. Alternatively, the process includes conditioning the outer belt.

Abstract: A stock feed system for a multi-layer headbox and a method in the operation of a multi-layer headbox in which into each inlet header of the multi-layer headbox, a stock concept is passed which has been produced out of the same fresh stock by adding the necessary chemicals and fillers to separated portions of the fresh stock.

Abstract: A process arrangement for the short circulation in a paper or board machine including stock chests for component stocks, metering pumps for component stocks, cleaning devices, pumps, a headbox and a wire section as well as a system of pipes connecting these elements, together with regulation devices. After the metering pumps, the component stock flows are passed into a closed mixing volume in which the component stocks are mixed and diluted with a first dilution water flow. From this closed mixing volume, the stock is passed in a closed space by a first feed pump of the main line of the process through a screen and a centrifugal cleaner to the suction side of a second feed pump of the main line, where a second dilution water flow is passed to the stock. The second feed pump feeds the stock through a machine screen to the inlet header in the headbox.

Abstract: A diffuser section for use in a headbox, the diffuser section comprising a plurality of hollow diffusers, each diffuser having an outlet and an inlet that is shaped as a polygon. The plurality of diffusers are arranged such that the inlet of each the diffusers abuts against an adjacent diffuser inlet such that there are generally no gaps therebetween.

Abstract: Headbox for a paper-making machine including a nozzle extending transversely to the machine running direction across the machine width. The nozzle has a lower and an upper continuous wall each extending across the machine width. The lower nozzle wall is supported by several separate supporting elements distributed across the machine width on a foundation. The supporting elements are non-rigid or flexible plates to permit bending in a direction transversely to the machine running direction. Alternatively or additionally, a swivelable or pivotable upper nozzle wall is connected by several separate supporting members distributed across the machine width to a transverse bar attached above a swivel axis. The supporting members are non-rigid or flexible plates to permit bending transversely to the machine running direction.

Abstract: A nonwoven web of fibrous material is made by the foam process using a manifold of a particular construction. The manifold has a casing with first and second opposite ends including an inlet for a foam-fiber-surfactant slurry at the first end, and optionally a valved outlet at the second end. A center section of the manifold casing has a (e.g. rectangular) cross-section that becomes smaller moving from an inlet toward the outlet. First and second substantially closed side walls, a porous front wall having an effective length, and a back wall opposite the front wall, are provided for the center section, the walls planar or curved. Any suitable structures are provided for introducing a second (e.g. substantially fiber-free, or a fiber-foam slurry) foam into the center section through the back wall.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for controlling a breaking length ratio L/Q of a web. The process includes providing a fluid fiber layer using a headbox havng a headbox nozzle, producing a web from the fluid fiber layer, measuring a current breaking length ratio L/QCURR of the web, comparing the current breaking length ratio L/QCURR with a preset breaking length ratio L/QSET, determining a deviation between L/QCURR and L/QSET, and adjusting a microturbulence in a vicinity of said headbox nozzle to change the deviation. The apparatus includes a machine having a headbox, the headbox has at least one headbox nozzle, at least one mechanism is used for influencing a microturbulence of a stock suspension flowing out of the headbox nozzle, at least one measuring device is used for measuring a current breaking length ratio L/QCURR of the web, and a regulating device for changing the microturbulence, wherein the microturbulence is adjusted to change the L/QCURR.

Abstract: Headbox for a paper machine having a feed part, a central part extending across the machine width, and a nozzle. The nozzle extends across the machine width and has at least one continuous wall that runs across the machine width transverse to the lengthwise flow. For absorbing and discharging nozzle expansion forces in a sectional manner, several separate individual support devices distributed across the machine width for influencing the nozzle aperture are attached to the at least one, preferably continuous wall. The resulting lines of force of each support device remain at least substantially in a plane lying perpendicular to the direction of the machine width and in the flow direction, and the corresponding supporting forces individually, at least substantially, are directed to and absorbed in the central part in the plane of the flow direction.

Abstract: A headbox having a tube bank composed of a multiplicity of tubes arranged in machine direction rows of superpositioned tubes. The tubes extend from an unitary outlet wall of the headbox and are supplied by a single header or manifold. The tubes extend to the inlet of a single nozzle which is formed with an upper planar wall which converges toward a lower planar wall. The converging walls of the nozzle define two radially extending planes which converge at an imaginary centerline which extends in the cross-machine direction. The individual rows of tubes each lie along a radial plane which extends through the centerline. The radial planes defined by each tube row will preferably be evenly spaced in angle between the nozzle walls. The injection ends of the tubes lie on a defined cylindrical surface extending between the nozzle walls and extending the width of the headbox in the cross machine direction.

Abstract: Process for cleaning or maintaining the cleanliness of a low-consistency branch of a stock density-regulated headbox system including a constant part of a paper or cardboard machine having at least one high-consistency branch and one low-consistency branch, possibly sectioned. The final concentration output by the headbox onto a wire or between two wires is determined by a mixing ratio of high-concentration and low-concentration suspension flows. The process includes supplying the low-consistency branch with an increased content of solid particles. Headbox system including a constant part of a paper or cardboard machine, having a stock density regulation that is sectioned across the machine width by variably mixing a high-consistency suspension and a low-consistency suspension, with a high-consistency branch and a low-consistency branch. The headbox system includes at least one supply to the low-consistency branch for introducing solid particle contents into the suspension flow.

Abstract: A stock feed system for a multi-layer headbox and a method in the operation of a multi-layer headbox in which into each inlet header of the multi-layer headbox, a stock concept is passed which has been produced out of the same fresh stock by adding the necessary chemicals and fillers to separated portions of the fresh stock. Into the stock feed system of the multi-layer headbox, at least one dilution-water line is passed.

Abstract: Process for setting a uniform characteristic cross-direction profile for a paper web with regard to at least formation, basis weight, and fiber orientation in a paper machine. The paper machine can include a headbox with an adjustable die exit opening and within which the consistency is sectionally adjustable. The process includes measuring and setting a desired basis weight cross-direction profile by adjusting the sectional consistency in the headbox, adjusting the formation cross-direction profile by adjusting a sectional, specific pulp slurry flow rate at the die exit opening, and one of enlarging the die exit opening at positions along a width of the paper machine in which a pulp slurry flow rate is higher than in other positions along the width of the paper machine and increasing the pulp slurry flow rate for positions along the width at which the die exit opening is larger than at other positions along the width. In this manner, a desired fiber orientation cross-direction profile is attained.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a process for feeding papermaking stock to a papermachine. The apparatus comprises a mixing vessel (12) for receiving and mixing stock components and a pipe (40) for feeding the resulting mixed stock to said papermachine. In the feeding pipe (40) there are stock flow metering means (42) stock consistency sensing means (44) and stock flow control means (32). Said means are all connected to a control system (46) adapted for receiving said flow data (Q) and said consistency data (C). The control system (46) is adapted for continuously computing a value for the product (Q×C) of said flow and consistency and for providing adjustment of the flow control means (32) to keep said product (Q×C) at a target value. The invention provides faster response times in the control of a papermaking process. It also reduces the volume of stock mixing vessels and the amount of water in the process.

Abstract: A profile control weir for feeding dilute pulp suspension to a pond having a cylinder rotating therein which deposits pulp fibers onto a felt. The weir includes a head box having an inlet for pulp suspension disposed in a lower portion, optionally, a making board disposed along an upper front edge of the head box over which pulp suspension flows into the pond, at least three profile control boards disposed parallel to the upper front edge of the head box, each profile control board including at least one raised portion having a flat top portion, a flat lower portion, and connecting side portion.

Abstract: A headbox in a paper machine, which headbox has a stock outlet for a jet of stock having a specific length, angle of impact and point of encounter in relation to a nip in the wet section of the paper machine, which headbox has two stand parts, lifting arms with front and rear journalling means and a device for setting the position and alignment of the headbox so that the stock jet obtains said specific length, angle of impact and point of encounter, which setting device has two actuators mounted pivotably at the rear Journalling means of the lifting arms and at the stand parts, whereby the headbox is adjustable by means of a turning movement about said front bearing means of the lifting arms.

Abstract: Process and a device for detecting a change in the fiber orientation cross-direction profile of a paper or cardboard web in the manufacturing process on a paper or cardboard machine. It is recognized that a change in the fiber orientation cross-direction profile in the web is inferred or determined by way of a characteristic change in the basis weight cross-direction profile or at least one measurement quantity that correlates to it, and/or by way of a characteristic change in the basis weight in the travel direction of the web or at least one measurement quantity that correlates to it. The device includes an arrangement for detecting a change in the basis weight cross-direction profile and/or a characteristic chronological course of the change in the basis weight, which is characteristic for a change in the fiber orientation.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to enhance paper and board forming qualities with insert tubes and/or a diffuser block in the paper forming machine headbox component which generates vorticity in the machine direction (MD) which is superimposed on the streamwise flow to generate a swirling or helical flow through the tubes of the diffuser block. Tubes of the diffuser block are designed such that the direction of the swirl or fluid rotation of the paper fiber stock may be controlled and the direction thereof is controlled in such a way to provide effective mixing, coalescence and merging of the jets of fluid emanating from the tubes into the converging section, i.e., nozzle chamber of the headbox. Also disclosed is the effective mixing of the jets generating cross-machine direction (CD) shear between the rows of jets that form at the outlet of the tubes inside the nozzle chamber of the headbox to align paper fibers in the cross-machine direction.

Abstract: Improvements in the internal dividers of a papermaking headbox are provided by stiffening the dividers only in the cross-machine direction. These cross-machine stiffened dividers provide for a smooth and thin divider that is flexible in the machine direction and yet is strong and resists distortion, buckling or bending in the cross-machine direction.

Abstract: A former with a sieve, preferably with a cylinder mold, is provided with an adjustable discharge aperture for a fibrous material suspension exiting from a chamber that is formed between the sieve and an upper lip formed by a flow guide plate. The upper lip has a first end facing away from the chamber and is guided in a floating manner by a pressure medium in a direction toward the sieve, as well as in the opposite direction. The upper lip is supported in a floating manner also by a pressure medium at its second end facing toward the chamber. In this way, deflections of the upper lip in the region of the inlet aperture can be largely avoided.

Abstract: A headbox for a paper machine and a process for controlling consistency of the slurry. The headbox includes a turbulence insert having an inlet end and a distributing pipe having a connecting area. The distributing pipe may extend across a width of the paper machine for feeding a slurry flow through the connecting area and into the turbulence insert. The headbox may also include a nozzle having an outlet gap and a plurality of feed lines supplying control flows. The plurality of feed lines may be coupled to the connecting area at an angle .alpha. between approximately 5.degree. and 170.degree. with respect to a directional component of the slurry flow directed toward the turbulence insert, the plurality of feed lines may be positioned in a vicinity of the inlet end.

Abstract: In an assembly and method for producing a non-woven web of fibrous material utilizing the foam process, an edge seal for the former is provided which can include the introduction of substantially free foam into the edge seal for providing lubrication and to prevent leakage of fiber-containing slurry from the former. Web formation is primarily due to a mechanical force provided by nip rolls, although suction tables and other suction devices are also provided to carry away foam removed by the nip rolls, or at other stages. The foam/fiber slurry may be formed by introducing the foam tangentially into a tank at a plurality of locations to establish a vortex, and by introducing fiber into the top of the tank, and pumping from the bottom of the tank. The foam/fiber slurry may be introduced using a structure that can be reciprocated toward and away from the inlet of the former, and which has a number of changes defined by pivoted or flexible plates to form distinct strata at least at the start of web formation.

Abstract: A headbox for a paper machine which mixes suspension and additives to achieve a selected basis weight cross direction profile and fiber orientation cross direction profile in paper produced from the machine. The headbox has sections across its width. Each section is supplied with a first stream Q.sub.H of one suspension component, a second stream Q.sub.L of a second suspension component. A valve regulates the total suspension flow Q.sub.M as well as the ratio between the first and second streams. An additive stream Q.sub.ad for each section communicates into the combined suspension flow. A valve regulates the additive stream for achieving the selected profiles. Various places along the suspension flow path are indicated as inlets for the additive stream. The headbox has a microturbulence generator for generating turbulence in the suspension passing through it. There may be lamellae within the headbox which somewhat separate the entry flow into the headbox.

Abstract: A headbox of a paper or board machine having an inlet, a distributor for feeding stock suspension to be distributed over the machine width into the inlet. A turbulence generator downstream of the distributor has a hydraulic diameter of less than 17 mm in the downstream end region. The hydraulic diameter is the diameter of individual channels through the turbulence generator. The turbulence generator has channels or plates that define several channels, each in accordance with the desired hydraulic diameter. Dimensions of the hydraulic diameter are disclosed. The turbulence generator has lands at the downstream end. The land area ratio is disclosed. A nozzle or the like downstream of the turbulence generator introduces the stock suspension over the machine width to a wire or wires of the next section.

Abstract: Head box for manufacturing a fibrous pulp web. The head box may include a pulp suspension inlet feed device that is sectioned across a width of the head box that feeds a pulp suspension in a feed direction, at least one device having a plurality of entrance ports that produces microturbulences, and an intermediate channel extending across the width of the head box and positioned in front of the at least one device. A plurality of partition units being positionably adjustable into the intermediate channel and being arranged parallel to the feed direction.

Abstract: A headbox is provided which provides an improved uniformity in the velocity profile of the stock solution across the slice opening. As a result, improved fiber alignment is provided across the width of the entire slice opening and mis-alignment of the fibers towards the outer edges of the slice opening is avoided. The headbox includes an improved nozzle design with pondsides that are not parallel to one another but which are angled inwardly as they extend from the tube bank to the slice opening. Further, several columns of outer tubes of the tube bank may also be angled inwardly as they extend from the header to the nozzle section. The center tubes would be disposed in a parallel relationship to one another. A sealing arrangement is provided between the roof of the nozzle section and the pondside which permits the incorporation of a double knuckle for extending and retracting the roof to adjust the L/b ratio.

Abstract: A headbox of a paper machine for distributing stock suspension over the machine width of the paper machine onto a forming or wire section includes a headbox nozzle that extends over the machine width and that has spaced apart top and bottom lips that gradually converge from the stock nozzle inlet toward the nozzle outlet. At least one baffle that extends over the machine width is located in the nozzle between the lips and spaced therefrom. The length of the baffle in the flow direction of the stock suspension is less than twice the maximum spacing or height between the top and bottom lips of the headbox nozzle, which is the spacing between them at the tallest space, typically at the upstream entrance end of the nozzle. In addition, the length of the baffle is at most less than 50% the length of the nozzle. The baffle tapers narrower in height in the flow direction, and the angle of divergence of the top and bottom surfaces of the baffle is less than 5.degree.

Abstract: A headbox for suspension having an inlet, an outlet and a suspension guide within the headbox. The headbox provides three layers of suspension. A first transverse suspension supply distributor extending laterally across the headbox for supplying the middle layer of suspension. A second transverse distributor extending across the lateral width of the headbox, of a generally horseshoe shape for partially enclosing the first distributor and the legs of the U of the second distributor providing suspension for the outer two layers of the three layers. The suspension supply to each distributor is either from the same lateral side or from opposite lateral sides of the headbox. Each distributor tapers narrower in cross section from the suspension supply at one side toward the opposite lateral side. The guide in the headbox is at each of the three layers.

Abstract: A headbox employs flow control valves which modulate the flow of stock through each tube of a tube bank, to give greater control over the cross machine direction flow of stock to the forming section of a papermaking machine. In one approach the flow through the tubes making up the tube bank is controlled by rotating cylindrical valve members which extend into portions of the tubes making up the tube bank. The valve members have channels which align with the tubes when the valve is fully opened. Rotation of the control member obstructs the tubes in the column until the desired level of flow from that column of tubes is obtained. In a second approach, pinch valves are created by constructing part of the tube from an elastic material and using air pressure, a cam or a twisting action to reduce the flow through the elastic section thus creating an adjustable valve. A third method employs guillotine valves which selectively block the flow of stock through a column of tubes.

Abstract: A stock liquor pressure pulsation absorbing apparatus of an active type is able to absorb pressure pulsations in an ordinarily demanded frequency range of 0.01 to 100 Hz. A by-pass pipe (2) extracts a portion of a stock liquor from a master pipe (1) for supplying the stock liquor to a paper machine headbox. A control pump (7) returns a portion of the stock liquor so extracted into the by-pass pipe. A detector (3) detects a stock liquor pulsation pressure at a branch point, or on an upstream side thereof, of the by-pass pipe and master pipe for controlling the control pump. The pressure pulsation, including the low frequency range, of the stock liquor is thereby absorbed accurately and precisely, variations in the basis weight are made small and a stable supply of final products with a high quality can be attained.

Abstract: A wet part of a paper making machine includes a distributor to which a main stream of a stock suspension is fed and which has a number of connections. The connections are connected by means of split stream lines to a machine-wide flow box which has a machine-wide slice nozzle (headbox). The split stream lines are connected (directly or indirectly) to the flow box. The slice nozzle is connected to at least one continuous web-forming screen. At least one collection trough is connected to the screen, as well as, optionally, to a backwater tank to accept the backwater trapped by the collection trough. Dilution water lines are provided to introduce backwater into the split stream lines to adjust the stock density of the split streams. The dilution water lines are connected directly to the collection trough.

Abstract: A wet end of a paper-making machine, including a headbox with a chamber and a discharge nozzle. A turbulence generator is connected with the headbox and includes a plurality of fluid passages disposed substantially parallel to each other. Each fluid passage is in fluid communication with the headbox chamber and has an inlet. All of the inlets conjunctively define a fluid inlet area. A fiber stock delivery device includes at least one outlet, with all of the outlets conjunctively defining a fluid discharge area. Each outlet is configured to discharge the fiber stock in a direction substantially parallel to the fluid passages in the turbulence generator. The fluid discharge area of the fiber stock delivery device is smaller than the fluid inlet area of the turbulence generator. A hydraulic increaser interconnects the fluid discharge area of the fiber stock delivery device with the fluid inlet area of the turbulence generator.

Abstract: In a foam laid process for producing a non-woven web of fibrous material (such as of synthetic or cellulose fibers) substantially fiber free foam is introduced at various locations in or adjacent to a headbox to get improved results. By introducing pure foam into the foam-fiber mixture near (e.g. just before) where the foam-fiber mixture is introduced into the headbox a more uniform basis weight profile of the non-woven web produced may be provided (e.g. a basis weight variation of about 0.5% or less). By introducing another stream of substantially fiber free foam into the headbox at a surface remote from the foraminous element, to flow along the surface (typically parallel to the flow of the foam fiber mixture), it is possible to minimize shear of fibers in the headbox so that the fibers do not become unidirectional, in the direction of movement of the foraminous element, and keep the surface clean. The surface is typically a roof surface of an inclined headbox.

Abstract: For distributing stock evenly across the face of a tube bank in a papermaking machine, the stock supply header has an increasing change in cross-sectional area per unit width traveling from the inlet end to the recirculation end of the header. The header top wall converges toward the bottom wall, while the rear wall converges toward the front wall. The change in cross-sectional area down the header from the inlet end to the recirculation end is thus closely matched to an ideally parabolic shape.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for wet manufacturing a fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin sheet, having a manifold capable of uniformly distributing the solid concentrations without being affected by inertia force caused by the difference in shape between solids. The invention further provides an apparatus for wet manufacturing a fiber reinforced resin sheet having a buffer inlet or reservoir headbox capable of permitting inhibition of variations of the unit weight distribution under the effect of the dynamic pressure of the raw material dispersing liquid and the resultant fluctuations.

Abstract: A headbox has a tube bank of tubes arranged in machine direction rows. The tubes extend from an outlet wall of a header to the inlet of a nozzle. The upper and lower walls of the nozzle converge toward the nozzle outlet, and planes extending from the walls (nozzle roof and apron) converge to define an imaginary centerline extending in the cross-machine direction. The rows of tubes lie along radially extending planes defined with respect to the centerline. The injection ends of the tubes define a cylindrical surface extending between the nozzle walls. Stock from each tube is directed radially toward the centerline along flow paths of equal length. Trailing vanes may be positioned between the rows of tubes so that each flow experiences almost identical flow boundary conditions as it moves towards the nozzle outlet, hence contributing to more uniform fiber orientation in the resultant paper web.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to enhance paper and board forming qualities with insert tubes and/or a diffuser block in the paper forming machine headbox component which generates vorticity in the machine direction (MD) which is superimposed on the streamwise flow to generate a swirling or helical flow through the tubes of the diffuser block. Tubes of the diffuser block are designed such that the direction of the swirl or fluid rotation of the paper fiber stock may be controlled and the direction thereof is controlled in such a way to provide effective mixing, coalescence and merging of the jets of fluid emanating from the tubes into the converging section, i.e., nozzle chamber of the headbox. Also disclosed is the effective mixing of the jets generating cross-machine direction (CD) shear between the rows of jets that form at the outlet of the tubes inside the nozzle chamber of the headbox to align paper fibers in the cross-machine direction, thus increasing CD strength of the manufactured sheet.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a paper-making machine for making a paper web from a fiber suspension. The paper-making machine includes a headbox having an entrance, a fluid conduit connected to the headbox entrance, and a deaeration device with an exit connected to the fluid conduit. The deaeration device includes a housing and a pipe. The housing including an inner surface defining an inner chamber. The pipe is disposed at least partially within the housing and is configured to receive the fiber suspension. The pipe has a plurality of outlets disposed within the inner chamber of the housing. Each of the outlets is configured to output a stream of the fiber suspension against and at an acute angle relative to the inner surface of the inner chamber. A vacuum source is connected to the housing and is in fluid communication with the inner chamber.

Abstract: A paper-making machine for making a paper web from a fiber suspension includes a headbox having a plurality of walls defining a chamber, and an inlet connected to at least one of the walls and disposed in fluid communication with the chamber. The inlet is configured to receive the fiber suspension. The headbox also has a discharge nozzle disposed in fluid communication with the chamber. The discharge nozzle defines an outlet from which the fiber suspension is discharged. The headbox also includes a sonic transducer, associated with the discharge nozzle, for transmitting sonic energy into the fiber suspension within the discharge nozzle and thereby substantially deflocculating the fiber suspension within the discharge nozzle.

Abstract: A headbox for a paper-making machine includes an inlet for receiving a fiber suspension and an outlet for discharging the fiber suspension. The headbox has a plurality of walls including an apron and a pair of side plates. The side plates are disposed at opposite ends of the headbox. The apron is comprised of steel. A beam extends between the side plates and includes opposite ends. Each end is disposed a predetermined distance from a respective side plate when at an ambient temperature (approximately 70.degree. F.). The beam is comprised of steel. A slice lip is carried by the beam. The slice lip is positioned at the outlet and includes a working edge defining an outlet gap with the apron. The slice lip has a pair of longitudinal ends, with each longitudinal end being disposed a predetermined distance from a respective side plate when at the ambient temperature. Each longitudinal end includes a slot extending from and substantially orthogonal to the edge. The slice lip consists essentially of titanium.

Abstract: A headbox of a paper machine which is provided with a dilution profiling system which uses a feedback-connected regulation system to control the cross-direction basis weight profile of the paper web produced by the paper machine. The dilution profiling system includes a feed header for a dilution liquid or for a stock suspension of a consistency lower than the consistency in the headbox, feed ducts fill idly coupled to the dilution header and regulation valves associated with the feed ducts for the dilution liquid, whereby the dilution liquid is passed to an area between a front wall of the inlet header of the headbox and a slice duct of the headbox. In the dilution profiling system, edge feed arrangements are integrated in both lateral areas of the headbox.

Abstract: The headbox apparatus of this invention contributes to the production of a paper web of uniform fiber orientation by controlling the edge flow of stock into the headbox nozzle through adjustable valves positioned in edge tubes in closed loop with a fiber orientation sensor. At the same time that fiber orientation is being control through adjustable valves position in the edge tube, basis weight of the web being formed is controlled by a stock dilution systems and an adjustable slice lip, in closed loop with a basis weight profiler sensor.

Abstract: A graphite composite trailing element for a headbox of a paper making machine is described. A protective layer is provided at or around pondside edges of a trailing element. The protective layer reinforces the pondside edges of the element to protect the edges from damage. The protective layer can also provide a protective sheath around the edges of the element to help prevent stock from being absorbed between the composites making up the elements. With reinforced edges and a protective sheath, the bonded composite sheets of the element are less susceptible to separation and delamination thereby resulting in an improved graphite composite trailing element. The protective layer can be made from any number of woven fiber glass mesh materials and is embedded in an epoxy base. The protective layer is compatible with the bonding and curing requirements of the composite sheets making up the trailing element.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for combining a dilution flow with a stock flow passed out of an inlet header in a paper/board machine including dilution flow ducts through which the dilution flow is passed to selected locations across the width of the headbox of the paper/board machine in order to regulate the basis weight of the paper/board web. The dilution flow ducts are constructed so that they becomes narrower toward a final, downstream end. Branch ducts are placed in the area of the narrowing portion of each flow duct, and the dilution flow is passed out of the branch ducts into the system of pipes wherein the dilution flow is combined with the stock flow passed out of the inlet header.

Abstract: Breast box for a papermaking machine. The breast box includes devices in order to add, across the width thereof, localized and dosed material dilution liquids, and located within the breast box is a guiding device having a plurality of channels located immediately downstream of the supply and distribution apparatus, with the guiding device including a multiplicity of inserts in which the channels are located and on whose outer surfaces hollow chambers are formed, wherein the hollow chambers can be filled with the material dilution liquid, the latter then flowing from these hollow chambers into open recesses in the distribution device, with the recesses being directed upstream to the suspension stream existing in the distribution apparatus during the operation thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for controlling the flow of stock mixture through an enclosed head box chamber, such as in a paper-making machine, and onto a forming surface thereof. A plurality of plates are arranged in the chamber to extend transversely across the chamber, with the top edges of the plates and the inner wall of the chamber defining therebetween an opening through which the stock mixture flows. The plates are selectively moved toward and away from the inner wall to vary the configuration of the opening and, thus, control the flow of stock mixture through the openings such that selective movement of selected plates controls the cross-sectional flow profile across the width of the chamber and, correspondingly, controls the cross-sectional flow across the width of the outlet from the chamber and onto the surface forming the sheet material.

Abstract: A Y-shaped flow splitter passes papermaking fluid with some fibers with reduced clogging and has a flat surface opposite the leg of the Y where the flow divides into the two arms of the Y. A generally flat rectangular surface is positioned opposite the leg of the Y of the flow splitter which divides the flow evenly without providing a place for fibers to collect and thus clog the flow through the splitter. The splitter allows the flow to a pair of dilution tubes to be controlled by a single valve with a single flow passage reducing clogging and valve cost. The flow splitter is constructed of stainless steel by a by casting process. A process known commercially as the Extrudehone process is used to produce smooth flow passages.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to enhance paper and board forming qualities with insert tubes and/or a diffuser block in the paper forming machine headbox component which generates vorticity in the machine direction (MD) which is superimposed on the streamwise flow to generate a swirling or helical flow through the tubes of the diffuser block. Tubes of the diffuser block are designed such that the direction of the swirl or fluid rotation of the paper fiber stock may be controlled and the direction thereof is controlled in such a way to provide effective mixing, coalescence and merging of the jets of fluid emanating from the tubes into the converging section, i.e., nozzle chamber of the headbox. Also disclosed is the effective mixing of the jets generating cross-machine direction (CD) shear between the rows of jets that form at the outlet of the tubes inside the nozzle chamber of the headbox to align paper fibers in the cross-machine direction, thus increasing CD strength of the manufactured sheet.

Abstract: Process for damping pressure pulsations and apparatus for performing the process. The process of this invention serves for the damping of pressure pulsations in a fluid, particularly a fiber suspension, flowing in a closed system wherein the pressure pulsations to be damped are measured at a measuring site and compensated at a correction site, with a throttle position being located between the measuring and the correction sites, with the damping of the imparted pressure impulses occurring at the correction site, which pressure impulses are opposite to the measured pressure pulsations, with the time periods thereof being about the same as those of the measured pressure pulsations. Several apparatuses for performing the process are also set forth.

Abstract: A stock feed system for a multi-layer headbox in which a stock concept is passed into each inlet header in the multi-layer headbox. The stock concepts are produced out of the same fresh stock by adding chemicals and fillers to divided portions of that fresh stock. To this end, the system includes a single fresh-stock container, and stock lines into which the fillers, additives and equivalent are added in compliance with the requirements of each concept. The stock feed system also includes at least one fiber distributor for transferring long fibers out of the stock that is destined to form the surface layer of the paper into the stock that is destined to form a layer placed in the interior of the paper, preferably the middle layer.