Abstract: The present invention comprises an apparatus and method for evaporating a liquid to produce a product liquid and a vapor. Liquid is evaporated under the influence of a heat transfer medium in a heat exchanger comprised of a bank of tube plates formed from corrugated sheets. Vapor produced is separated from product liquid by a vapor collector which causes vapor to flow upward and into the collector from a downward-flowing product liquid and vapor stream. Backsplash entrainment into the vapor collector is prevented by an anti-backsplash device disposed between the vapor collector and a reservoir into which product liquid flows.

Abstract: A mass and heat exchanger includes at least one first substrate with a surface for supporting a continuous flow of a liquid thereon that either absorbs, desorbs, evaporates or condenses one or more gaseous species from or to a surrounding gas; and at least one second substrate operatively associated with the first substrate. The second substrate includes a surface for supporting the continuous flow of the liquid thereon and is adapted to carry a heat exchange fluid therethrough, wherein heat transfer occurs between the liquid and the heat exchange fluid.

Abstract: This invention teaches how to reduce the copper content of a commercially available, all-copper, double-wall-vented, coil & tube Gravity Film Heat Exchangers (“GFX”) developed for the GFX™ system of U.S. Pat. No. 4,619,311. For example, a GFX+™ equivalent of a residential Model G3-60 GFX can be made using 71% less copper. Such significant copper-savings, with comparable heat transfer coefficient (“U”), effectiveness and coil pressure drop, is achieved by improvements in innovations disclosed in Provisional Patent Application 60/709,889 (Filing date: Aug. 22, 2005). Unlike conventional, single and multi-coil GFX's currently produced by several manufacturers, the present invention enables the use of a variety of metal and/or plastic components to achieve either single or vented-double-wall construction and lower manufacturing costs. In fact, higher U-values can be achieved by increasing the potable-water pressure drop of a GFX+ equivalent of any coil & tube GFX.

Abstract: A heat exchanger including a housing having a base and defining an interior. A plurality of coils are located in the interior of the housing and are arranged to extend upwardly from the base to define a coil depth. A blower is adapted to move air through the plurality of coils in a direction of the coil depth. A water distribution system is preferably located around a circumferential periphery of the plurality of coils to spray water on an outer surface of the plurality of coils along substantially the entire coil depth thereof. At least one air inlet opening is located in the housing to allow airflow across the plurality of coils. Additional embodiments of improved heat exchangers are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A heat management system include including application of phase change materials (PCM). A heat or cold storage multistage tower has a housing with a multistage system of flat rigid container. A significant fraction of internal space of each container is filled with PCM; these containers are fabricated from ceramics, glass, glass ceramics or sulfur concrete. Another version of the heat or cold storage tower is based on application of multi-channel blocks from ceramics, glass, glass ceramics or sulfur concrete; the parallel internal vertical channels of the blocks are open and sealed at their bottoms alternatively, and the channels with the sealed bottoms are filled partially with PCM. The tower achieves effective heat transfer between a heat transfer fluid (HTF) and PCM in the processes of charging and discharging of the containers with heat or cold.

Abstract: A duplex exchanger includes first and second heat exchangers each including a main flow channel and a cooperating counterheat channel. The first counterheat channel is joined to the first main flow channel for receiving a cooled primary stream therefrom. The second counterheat channel is also joined to the first main channel splitting the primary stream therefrom. An evaporative coolant is injected into the first counterheat channel, and an evaporative saturant is injected into the second counterheat channel. Heat from the initially hot primary stream in the first exchanger evaporates the coolant in the first counterheat channel for self-cooling the primary stream in the first main channel. Heat from a hot secondary stream channeled through the second main channel evaporates the saturant in the second counterheat channel for adding mass to the primary stream channeled therethrough.

Abstract: The present application is directed to a continuous contacting apparatus for separating a liquid component from a liquid mixture.

Abstract: A fuel evaporator composed of an evaporation chamber which evaporates a raw liquid fuel by a high temperature thermal medium to provide a raw fuel gas is disclosed. The evaporation chamber comprises a plurality of evaporation chambers serially connected to each other in a ventilation manner, and at least one raw liquid fuel injector for injecting the raw liquid fuel being provided on each of said plurality of evaporation chambers.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in a counter flow heat exchange assembly that provides increased heat exchange. The apparatus includes a plurality of adjacently spaced arrays, each array having a plurality of cooling conduits that are connected to one another through the utilization of connector portions. In addition, the apparatus includes a vertical partition that extends between some or all conduits of each array.

Abstract: A falling film evaporator includes a flow distributor for uniformly distributing a two-phase refrigerant mixture across a tube bundle. The flow distributor includes a stack of at least three perforated plates each of which are separated by nearly full-width, full-length gaps or chambers. The flow distributor may also include a suction baffle and/or a distributor baffle. The distributor baffle extends downward to provide a hairpin turn past which refrigerant travels before exiting the evaporator. This directional change helps separate liquid from a primarily gaseous refrigerant stream. The suction baffle has various size openings to ensure that the flow rate of refrigerant through the hairpin turn is generally uniform and is maintained low enough to ensure liquid disentrainment over and along the length of the tube bundle within the evaporator.

Abstract: An evaporator and condenser unit for use in distilling a liquid, such as water, includes a rotary heat exchanger plate having a plurality of accordion-style folds, and having its two ends joined together so as to give the folded plate a generally circular form. The adjacent panels of the folded plate define spaces between their oppositely facing surfaces, and these spaces are alternatingly configured as evaporating and condensing chambers. The evaporating chambers have their inner edges sealed by corresponding folds, while the condensing chambers have their outer edges sealed by corresponding folds. The folded plate is disposed between first and second end plates, and is mounted for rotation about its axis in a housing having a sump containing the liquid to be distilled. Liquid is supplied to the evaporating chambers and compressed vapor is supplied to the condensing chambers. Condensate is removed from the condensing chambers.

Abstract: An improved two-phase refrigerant distributor for use in a falling film evaporator in a refrigeration chiller system defines apertures in its undersurface from which serrated collars depend. The serrations cooperate to define locations below the undersurface of the distributor to which liquid refrigerant is drawn prior to exiting the distributor. As a result, the hang-up and/or travel of liquid refrigerant on the distributor undersurface is reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plate heat exchanger for simultaneously exchanging heat between two sets of fluids having different temperatures. The plate heat exchanger comprises a heat exchange element (2) comprising two plates facing each other so as to form a inner sealed space as a passage for a first fluid, and a plate surface of the plate serves as a heat transfer surface, and a fluid flowing along an outer surface of the plate is a second fluid. The plate heat exchanger comprises a heat exchange element (2′) comprising two plates facing each other so as to form a inner sealed space as a passage for a third fluid, and a plate surface of the plate serves as a heat transfer surface, and a fluid flowing along an outer surface of the plate is a fourth fluid.

Abstract: An evaporative heat exchanger of a medium condenser of a air/conditioning system with less cooling fins or even without cooling fins. The evaporative heat exchanger is composed of a plurality of streamline cross sectional tubes used instead of conventional round tubes for providing an evaporative efficiency, and being easy to clean and maintain.

Abstract: An improved two-phase refrigerant distributor for use in a falling film evaporator in a refrigeration chiller system defines apertures in its undersurface from which serrated collars depend. The serrations cooperate to define locations below the undersurface of the distributor to which liquid refrigerant is drawn prior to exiting the distributor. As a result, the hang-up and/or travel of liquid refrigerant on the distributor undersurface is reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a medium condenser having a plurality of vertical cooling fins having extra length extended both upwardly and downwardly from an ordinary portion of medium coil path for greatly increasing the cooling efficiency thereof, and a drip-drop type water feeding box for feeding water drops to a top of cooling fins densely but intermittently to let each of water drop remain in the space between opposite surfaces of adjacent cooling fins a short period of time and start to slide down the surface of a cooling fin as a next drop of water is delivered to provide enough time for evaporation so as to absorb a large quantity of latent heat and increase cooling efficiency.

Abstract: A heat exchange assembly comprises a plurality of plates disposed in a spaced-apart arrangement, each of the plurality of plates includes a plurality of passages extending internally from a first end to a second end for directing flow of a heat transfer fluid in a first plane, a plurality of first end-piece members equaling the number of plates and a plurality of second end-piece members also equaling the number of plates, each of the first and second end-piece members including a recessed region adapted to fluidly connect and couple with the first and second ends of the plate, respectively, and further adapted to be affixed to respective adjacent first and second end-piece members in a stacked formation, and each of the first and second end-piece members further including at least one cavity for enabling entry of the heat transfer fluid into the plate, exit of the heat transfer fluid from the plate, or 180° turning of the fluid within the plate to create a serpentine-like fluid flow path between points o

Abstract: An evaporative heat exchanger of a medium condenser of a air condition system with less cooling fins even without cooling fins which a novel coil assembly composed of a plurality of streamline cross sectional tubes is used to instead of conventional round tubes for providing an ultra high evaporative efficiency therefore, and having the further improvement of easy to clean and convenient for maintenance.

Abstract: A heater exchanger used to condense a refrigerant in a refrigeration system. The heat exchanger is designed to perform a heat exchanging operation by the use of latent heat of water vaporization, thus having improved heat exchanging efficiency as well as a reduced size. The heat exchanger includes an upper header having a refrigerant inlet port and distributing a refrigerant introduced into the upper header through the refrigerant inlet port, a plurality of heat exchanging tubes connected at upper ends thereof to the upper header and extending in a vertical direction, a lower header connected to lower ends of the heat exchanging tubes and gathering the refrigerant flowing from the heat exchanging tubes, with a refrigerant outlet port formed in the lower header, and a water supply unit assembled with upper portions of external surfaces of the heat exchanging tubes, and feeding water to the tubes to cause water to flow along the external surfaces of the tubes.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in a counter flow heat exchange assembly that provides increased heat exchange. The apparatus includes a plurality of adjacently spaced arrays, each array having a plurality of cooling conduits that are connected to one another through the utilization of connector portions. The adjacent vertical arrays have a centerline-to-centerline distance extending between them that is greater than the diameter of each of the conduits employed. In addition, the apparatus includes a vertical partition that extends between some or all conduits of each array.

Abstract: An evaporator has main passages placed in a heat-exchange relationship, an arrangement for forming a pool of the liquid to be evaporated so that it flows through at least a first of the main passages, and a device for introducing a refrigerant into at least a second of the main passages so that evaporation of the liquid is ensured.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plate type heat exchanger having a heat exchange element composed of two plates for exchanging heat between a fluid flowing inside the heat exchange element and a fluid flowing outside the heat exchange element. In the plate type heat exchanger, the two plates (1) have a plurality of depressions (8), and the depressions are brought into contact with and bonded to each other. Peripheral portions of the plates are sealed to form a space in which a fluid flows and constitute a heat exchange element (2) having opening portions (5, 6) at both ends thereof. The heat exchange elements (2) are piled on and bonded to each other so that the opening portions (5, 6) communicate with each other.

Abstract: A heater exchanger used to condense a refrigerant in a refrigeration system. The heat exchanger is designed to perform a heat exchanging operation by the use of latent heat of water vaporization, thus having improved heat exchanging efficiency as well as a reduced size.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the methods for hydrophilization, capable of greatly improving the surface wettability of wet surface heat exchangers by transforming the solid surface to an improved surface having hydrophilic porous structure.

Abstract: A liquid-gas manifold includes a single container of roughly cylindrical overall external shape, designed to define an annular space between a side wall of the container and an interior wall of a heat exchange column. The container also has a perforated bottom and a connection between the container and the interior wall of the column. Gases from the annular space are transferred to a space located above the container.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in a counter flow heat exchange assembly that provides increased heat exchange. The apparatus includes a plurality of adjacently spaced arrays, each array having a plurality of cooling conduits that are connected to one another through the utilization of connector portions. The adjacent vertical arrays have a centerline-to-centerline distance extending between them that is greater than the diameter of each of the conduits employed. In addition, the apparatus includes a vertical partition that extends between some or all conduits of each array.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in a counter flow heat exchange assembly that provides increased heat exchange. The apparatus includes a plurality of adjacently spaced arrays, each array having a plurality of cooling conduits that are connected to one another through the utilization of connector portions. In addition, the apparatus includes a vertical partition that extends between some or all conduits of each array.

Abstract: A falling evaporator has a two-phase refrigerant flow distribution system with improved circulation features in both the header and subheader of the system. Both the header and the subheader have vertically disposed, parallel pass conduits interconnected by way of a return bend, with the downstream end of the second pass conduits then fluidly interconnected with the upstream end of the first pass conduits to complete the circuit. A nozzle at the upstream end of the first pass conduits provides a relatively high velocity jet stream of refrigerant flow that propels the flow of refrigerant around the circuit so as to prevent stratification. The header has a plurality of outlets formed in its wall to accommodate the flow of two-phase refrigerant to the various subheaders, and each subheader has openings formed in a lower wall of its first pass conduit such that refrigerant can flow from the openings, to the outer upper surface of the second pass conduits and eventually to the heat transfer tubes below.

Abstract: An arrangement for a falling film type reactor uses corrugated plates to improve the distribution and dispersion of the gaseous reactant into the liquid. Corrugated plates introduce increased turbulence for promoting better distribution and dispersion of the gas. Corrugation angles can be varied to suit the fluid flow properties of the liquid reactant. The reactor arrangement can also include heat transfer channels defined by the corrugated plates in an alternate arrangement of heat transfer channels and gas liquid contacting channels. The corrugations may also be varied to suit the particular heat transfer requirements of the reactions. The corrugated plates are spaced apart in the contacting channels to prevent localized film contact and placed in contact in the heat exchange portion to stabilize the plate elements defining the corrugations.

Abstract: A heat transfer tube for a falling film type evaporator, in which water spreading characteristics, particularly the water spreading characteristics in the tube axis direction, enhancing the heat transfer ability. Three types of projections 2, 3, and 4 are formed on an external surface 1a of a heat transfer tube body 1. A respective plurality of projections 2 to 4 are arranged spirally in parallel to one another, forming projection groups 2a to 4a. The number of each projection group 2 to 4 is one. Pitches P2 to P4 for the projections 2 to 4 are in the range of 0.35 mm≦P4<P3<P2≦5.95 mm. Heights h2 to h4 of the projections 2 to 4 are in the range of 0.1 mm≦h4<h3<h2≦0.5 mm. Pitches for the projection groups 2a to 4a is in the range of 0.72 to 1.12 mm.

Abstract: A fuel evaporator (1) includes an evaporation chamber (11) to prepare a fuel gas FG by evaporating a liquid fuel FL with heat, a fuel injector (40) to supply a liquid fuel to the evaporation chamber, a plurality of heating medium tubes (12) to lead a combustion gas HG through said evaporation chamber, a superheating part (11U) to heat a fuel gas FG evaporated in said evaporation chamber by means of the combustion gas HG, an exhaust duct (22) to exhaust the fuel gas FG, and a fuel injection tube (41). The fuel injection tube is provided with a plurality of injection holes (42), said fuel injection tube being extended into said evaporation chamber and said fuel injection tube is provided crossing at right angle with respect to a heating medium tube. Injection property of the fuel injection tube in said evaporation chamber is greatly improved. The liquid fuel is evaporated effectively and rapidly.

Abstract: The present invention is an indirect evaporative cooling module preferably made from extruded, twin-walled, corrugated, fluted plastic sheeting. Sheets of this corrugated material are cut into plates which are preferably laminated together to form the primary and secondary passages that comprise the heat exchanger core. These passages can be configured any number of ways, from vertical to horizontal to diagonal, and flow through these passages can be cross-flow, counter-flow and even baffle-flow. Increased heat exchange efficiency is achieved through a variety of ways, for example, by including an efficient water distribution means at the top of the heat exchanger, evaporative mesh extending through and below the heat exchanger for water distribution and pre-cooling, the creation of top and bottom heat exchange chambers by channeling water directly to the bottom zone of the heat exchanges passages, and roughening the surface of the sheets to increase heat transfer and to increase surface area.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a medium condenser mainly comprises a plurality of vertical cooling fins essentially having extra length extended both upwardly and downwardly from an ordinary portion of medium coil path for greatly increase the cooling efficiency therefore, and a drip-drop type water feeding box for feeding water drops to a top of cooling fins densely but intermittently to let each of water drop been held in the spacing between opposite surfaces of adjacent cooling fins a short period of time and start to slide down around the surface of a cooling fin as a next drop of water is delivered to provide enough time for evaporating so as to absorb a large quantity of latent heat for increasing cooling efficiency therefore.

Abstract: A plurality of fluid-fluid contact trays of the cross-flow type are provided within a shell of a mass transfer or heat exchange column. The trays include tray decks that are supported on rings fixed to an inner surface of the shell and downcomers that are supported, not by the typical bolting bars fixed to the shell, but by the tray deck of the underlying tray. The mechanisms for supporting the downcomers in this fashion are support brackets that are not secured to the column shell, but instead extend downwardly from the downcomers and rest on the tray deck of the underlying tray. Alternating trays have side downcomers positioned at openings at one or both ends of the tray deck. The support rings on those trays having side downcomers may be truncated so that the rings do not extend around that portion of the shell circumference where the side downcomer openings are located. On the remaining trays, complete 360 degree rings may be used.

Abstract: A body (6) of a heat exchanger is provided with a plurality of heat receiving fluid passages (10A) having openings directed upward. A header (1) is fitted to the top of the body (6). The header (1) has a bottom plate (1B) having a plurality of through holes (4) communicating with the openings of the passages (10A), a top plate (1A) fixed to the bottom plate (1B). In the header (1), a plurality of fluid passages (5) communicating with the through holes (4) and a fuel distribution space (8) communicating with the fluid conducting passages (5) are partitioned. By supplying heat receiving fluid from a fuel supply member (3) fixed to a lateral face of the header (1) to the fuel distribution space (8), the heat receiving fluid is supplied to the heat receiving fluid passages (10A) quickly and uniformly.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for condensing moisture from an air stream. The condensing comprises concentric cylinders having a common wall. The outer cylinder contains a cooling material, such as water, and upon contact therewith, the air stream is cooled and moisture contained therein is condensed.

Abstract: A falling film evaporator for use in a vapor compression refrigeration chiller preferably employs a two-phase refrigerant distributor that overlies the tube bundle in the evaporator shell. The tube bundle defines at least one vapor lane which facilitates the conduct of refrigerant vapor from the interior of the tube bundle to the exterior thereof in a manner which does not substantially affect the vertically downward flow of liquid refrigerant through the tube bundle and across the vapor lane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchange element (1) which is made up of a bag of a film material, such as plastic film, and to a heat exchanger made up of such heat exchange elements, the heat exchanger being suitable, for example, for the evaporation of effluents which contain solid matter, such as effluents from bleaching. The transfer of heat takes place in the bags (1) from a vapor condensing in the interior (3) of the bags to a liquid evaporating on their exterior surfaces (2). The forming evaporated vapor may be recycled via a compressor to the interior of the bags as heating vapor so that the heat exchanger will function as a distillation apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat dissipation unit for cross flow type cooling tower with which it is possible to prevent the emission of white vapor without lowering the cooling power of the cooling tower, and also without requiring troublesome routine operation. In order to accomplish the above object, the heat dissipation unit of the present invention comprises filling plates arranged vertically and parallel with each other so as to form spaces therebetween, each of the filling plates having uneven surfaces down which water to be cooled flows when water to be cooled is supplied onto the filling plates, and cowl members disposed between neighboring filling plates, each of the cowl members including a pair of side plate portions having upper ends and a roof portion connecting the upper ends of the side plate portions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vertical falling film shell and tube heat exchanger, where the falling film is formed on the exterior surface of the tubes. A distribution plate is provided below an upper tubesheet, and a sparger plate having sparger holes is provided between the upper tubesheet and the distribution plate. A plurality of vertical, parallel tubes pass through the distribution and sparger plates and are sealingly engaged with the upper tubesheet and the sparger plate. The distribution plate has oversized holes through which the tubes pass, an annular space being defined around each tube where the tube passes through the distribution plate. The first fluid passes one time through the tubes, and the second fluid is fed to the shell side as two streams, a liquid stream and a vapor stream. The liquid stream is introduced to the shell between the upper tubesheet and the sparger plate and drains downwardly onto the second distribution plate through the sparger holes.

Abstract: A liquid distributor for distributing liquid over the heat transfer surface of an evaporator includes a channel array including one or more supply channels and downwardly deviating distribution channels. Each distribution channel has a step-shaped expansion located downstream with respect to the supply channel and connecting therewith via a sharp point, restricting the liquid suction created in the distribution channel. Sharp points provided in the supply channel or channels further restrict the liquid suction.

Abstract: A method of operating a mass exchange column, a heat exchange column, or a static mixer. The method includes providing a packing wherein assembly of the packing includes providing at least one flat, structural element including a plurality of separate adjoining strips of a sheet material. Each strip has first and second spaced-apart longitudinal edges with longitudinal edges of adjoining strips being placed opposite each other. The adjoining strips are in contact with and secure to each other where they contact each other to provide the flat structural element with structural stability. The longitudinal edges of the strips include a plurality of repetitively spaced-apart recesses of a predetermined shape and the recessed in longitudinal edges are opposite to each other to define a multiplicity of repetitively arranged openings distributed over the structural element.

Abstract: The method relates to a film heat exchanger and a method for constructing the same. The heat exchanger comprises bags (1) made of film material in order to transfer heat from the steam to be condensated inside the bags to the liquid to be evaporated on the outer surfaces (18) thereof, as well as feed channel arrays for distributing steam (10) and liquid onto the internal and external heat transfer surfaces of the bags. According to the invention, inside the top end (2) of each bag (1), there is provided an essentially straight strip (11) bordering the steam channels (10), to which strip the bag is fastened; in connection with the fastening, the top edge of the bag is pulled straight by bending the bag, so that the middle part of the bag is raised in relation to the sides (12) thereof, and the thus straightened edge is then attached to the strip provided inside the bag.

Abstract: A modular heat exchanging element including a frame, vertical plates and ribs. The individual heat exchanging elements can be coupled together and/or layered on top of each other and can be manufactured by one single thermal fusion process.

Abstract: A falling film evaporator includes a shell with a number of heat transfer elements within the shell. Each heat transfer element has two opposed essentially rectangular plates joined together along upright sides and along seams substantially parallel to the upright sides. The seams form with each other, and the upright sides, a number of vertical flow channels through which steam (heating fluid) flows in the interior of the heat transfer elements to evaporate evaporable liquid flowing downwardly in a film over the outer surfaces of the heat transfer plates.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for indirectly exchanging heat between first and second fluids. The heat exchanger is provided with a plurality of parallel plates to define first and second heat exchange passages for the first fluids to undergo indirect heat transfer. Corrugated fin-type material is positioned within the first and second heat exchange passages to increase the heat transfer area within the first and second heat exchange passages. Liquid distribution means are provided for distributing liquid composed of the second fluid to the second heat exchange passages. Overflow weirs are provided in such distribution means from which liquid overflows and falls into the second heat exchange passages. The overflow weirs are positioned to feed both sides of the second heat exchange passages and the corrugated fin-type material of the second heat exchange passage extend above the second heat exchange passage to ensure entry of the liquid into each corrugation. In such wetting of all corrugations is promoted.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for exchanging heat between first and second fluids. A plurality of vertically oriented passages are defined between alternating first and second passage walls. The first and second passages are provided for bringing the first and second fluids into a heat transfer relationship. To this end, the first passage incorporates an inlet and an outlet, for instance, to admit gaseous nitrogen into the top of the first passages and to discharge condensed nitrogen from the bottom of the first passages. An inlet is provided to introduce the second fluid into the second passages. The second fluid, which is a liquid is to be at least in part vaporized within the second passages. Liquid film, composed of the liquid, is distributed within the second passages by way of an arrangement of slotted dividing bars having staggered slots along the length of such slotted dividing bars to urge liquid against the passage walls defining the passages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat dissipation unit for cross flow type cooling tower with which it is possible to prevent the emission of white vapor without lowering the cooling power of the cooling tower, and also without requiring troublesome routine operation. In order to accomplish the above object, the heat dissipation unit of the present invention comprises filling plates arranged vertically and parallel with each other so as to form spaces therebetween, each of the filling plates having uneven surfaces down which water to be cooled flows when water to be cooled is supplied onto the filling plates, and cowl members disposed between neighboring filling plates, each of the cowl members including a pair of side plate portions having upper ends and a roof portion connecting the upper ends of the side plate portions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger element (10) comprising a bag formed from a compliant material like plastic sheet (11). The lower part of the bag ends to a condensate receiver (13), which is provided with a drain pipe (14) for the condensate. The upper part of the bag has means for introducing the vapour into the bag and distributing the liquid to be evaporated onto the outer surface of the bag. It is characteristic that inside the bag a perforated corrugated plate (12) is fitted in vertical direction with its width (L) chosen so that the bag tightens suitably around the corrugated plate. The length (P) of the corrugated plate (12) corresponds to a major portion of the length of the bag. A perforated corrugated plate (12') is fitted in horizontal direction against the outer surface of the bag with its length (P') substantially corresponding to the width of the bag.

Abstract: An evaporator operating on falling film principle, has a shell (1) with a system (2) of evaporating tubes therein, whereby a liquid to be concentrated is fed on the outer surface of the evaporating tube system (2) and vapor is led to flow inside the tubes of the evaporating tube system (2). The evaporating tube system (2) is formed of evaporating elements, each evaporating element being formed of evaporating tubes (9) substantially on the same level. The upper ends of the tubes are connected to a common collecting chamber (8) and the lower end, respectively, to a common collecting chamber (10) in such a manner that there is a connection between both collecting chambers (8, 10) through each tube (9) between them, due to which the collecting chambers (8) of the upper end of the evaporating elements are interconnected through the upper connecting chamber (12), and respectively, the collecting chambers (10) of the lower end are interconnected through the connecting chamber (13) of the lower end.