Abstract: The invention concerns a device for the cooling of hot gaseous solids suspensions, particularly for the cooling of hot gaseous TiO.sub.2 suspensions resulting from the production of titanium dioxide by vapor phase oxidation of titanium tetrachloride. The device consists of a number of coaxially connected constructional units, each of which consists of three jacketed tubes, i.e., tubes 1, 2 and 3, which are coaxially connected in such a way that tube 1 conically tapers toward tube 2 and that tube 3 is larger in diameter than tube 2. Heat transfer is twice as high in the device of the invention as in a comparable conventional cooling tube of uniform inner diameter; moreover, the demand of scrub solids needed to prevent the formation of deposits on its walls is reduced to one third of the quantity needed in a conventional cooling tube.

Abstract: In a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of plates arranged adjacent to each other and defining between them passages for heat exchanging fluids, the plates are provided at their corner portions with openings, the fluids being conveyed to and from the passages via said openings. The openings for one of the fluids are located at one side of the plates and the openings for the other fluid are located at the other side of the plates. The plates are provided with a corrugation pattern which varies in a direction transverse to the flow direction in such way that the passages are narrower shallower at the side of the plates at which the inlet and outlet openings of the respective passages are provided and wider deeper at the opposite side.

Abstract: A plate evaporator of the rising film type and/or the falling film type comprises several heat exchange plates essentially vertically arranged in spaced face-to-face relationship to define evaporation passages alternating with heating medium passages. Evaporation passages with increasing cross-sectioned area and decreasing perimeter in the flow direction of the feed liquid are formed by providing adjacent plates encompassing one evaporation passage with bulges (for example, ridges) which bulges, compared with imaginary planar plates, entail reduced volume of the evaporation passages. The size of said bulges (that is, the volume-reducing effect of said bulges) is gradually reduced in the flow direction of the medium to be evaporated. Thus, the cross-sectional area of the evaporation passages is increased while their perimeter is reduced in said direction.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for the cooling of hot gaseous solids suspensions, particularly for the cooling of hot gaseous TiO.sub.2 suspensions resulting from the production of titanium dioxide by vapor phase oxidation of titanium tetrachloride. The device consists of a number of coaxially connected constructional units, each of which consists of three jacketed tubes, i.e., tubes 1, 2 and 3, which are coaxially connected in such a way that tube 1 conically tapers toward tube 2 and that tube 3 is larger in diameter than tube 2. Heat transfer is twice as high in the device of the invention as in a comparable conventional cooling tube of uniform inner diameter; moreover, the demand of scrub solids needed to prevent the formation of deposits on its walls is reduced to one third of the quantity needed in a conventional cooling tube.

Abstract: A counter flow heat exchanger comprising a central low pressure return tube deformed intermediate its ends to enhance heat transfer capability wrapped by a high pressure tube to conduct fluid to an expansion device. Also disclosed are a method of increasing the heat transfer capacity of a tube bundle heat exchanger and a liquid helium temperature refrigerator or a reliquefier utilizing the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An apparatus for condensing steam is disclosed herein. This apparatus includes a group of individually removable modules, each of which uses a series of spaced-apart confronting plates to define passageways for the steam to be condensed and ammonia which serves as the condensing medium. As the steam moves in one direction through designated passageways, liquid ammonia moves in the opposite direction in other designated passageways. The liquid ammonia causes the steam to condense which, in turn, causes the liquid ammonia to be reduced to a vapor which itself is condensed at a remote location for repeating the process.

Abstract: An evaporator for producing wet steam in a cogeneration plant wherein the evaporator is a multiple pass unit having continuous in-tube flow paths from inlet to outlet. The evaporator is a shell and tube type with the clean steam on the shell side and water in the tubes. The evaporator is particularly useful in a cogeneration plant used in a secondary recovery process using contaminated wet steam.

Abstract: A device and method for optimizing the weight and/or the heat transfer (conduction) capability of a heat transfer cylindrical sleeve. The sleeve is designed to fit around a cylindrical heat source. One particular application for this invention is where the heat source is a battery such as a metal gas battery in a satellite (where weight savings is important). Two sets of functional relationships are generated showing the relationship between the thickness of the sleeve at its top and bottom, an "area factor" (which is directly proportional to its heat transfer capability), the material thermal conductivity, and its volume per unit length (which is directly proportional to its weight). One can specify the desired heat transfer capability of the sleeve and optimize (minimize) its weight. Conversely, one can specify the desired weight for the sleeve and optimize (maximize) its heat transfer capability.

Abstract: A wrapped fin heat exchanger is disclosed having variable spacing between adjacent loops forming the heat exchanger. Various embodiments are shown wherein the spacing between adjacent loops of single row and multi-row coils is varied to provide for equal heat transfer per loop of the heat exchanger and to effectively level out the air flow per loop. The various embodiments include varied spacing over a single row coil and multiple row coils having partial second rows and second rows with varied spacing while the first row has fixed spacing.

Abstract: A wrapped fin heat exchanger formed from a continuous length of tubing having a fin wrapped thereabout to provide an enhanced heat transfer surface is disclosed. A cylindrical core portion is formed from loops of tubing and a second cylindrical locking portion is mounted thereabout. The locking portion has bands which extend about and in engagement with the loops of the core portion to secure the heat exchanger in a predetermined configuration. By utilization of the locking portion and the core portion the unwinding of the heat exchanger is prevented and its structural integrity is maintained for subsequent manufacturing operations.

Abstract: A process of quenching an effluent containing materials having a tendency to coke is disclosed, the process being characterized by the quenching of the effluent in a quench zone wherein heat is transferred from the effluent through at least one heat exchange tube wall, and through a solid heat transfer medium surrounding the tube and in contact with the tube, to water, the temperature of the wall being maintained above the dew point of materials having a tendency to coke partly by the provision of the solid heat transfer medium which increases gradually in thickness from a point at or near the entry of the tube to a point at or near the exit of the tube.

Abstract: A steam generating diffuser comprising a plurality of heat exchange tubes arranged to form a horizontally disposed, longitudinally elongated open-ended divergent duct. A refractory lining is laid up around the inner surface of the divergent duct so as to protect the heat exchange tubes. The inlet of each heat exchange tube is connected to a lower water distribution header disposed beneath the duct and the outlet of each heat exchange tube is connected to an upper steam and water distribution header disposed above the duct. Each tube provides a fluid flow path between the lower and upper headers which is continuously upwardly directed.

Abstract: A solar energy collector which includes a solar panel with channels for solar energy collecting fluid or liquid which channels are adapted to efficiently use the available panel area and thus more efficiently collect the solar energy per unit area than so far achieved. This solar energy collector comprises a solar panel distinctively including fluid channels tapering in width from an inlet end to an outlet end thereof and laterally juxtaposed such that the channels of one set laterally alternate with the other channels and taper in width in opposite direction relative to these other channels.

Abstract: A surface condenser particularly suitable for being used in a zero gravity environment and which is easy to be manufactured. It comprises at least one pair of coextensive elements spaced apart from each other to form a relatively narrow gap therebetween, said gap having a width which is tapered from the outer ends of said elements towards a defined portion thereof. Peripheral distributor means extends along the outer ends of the elements and has its interior space in communication with the gap at the larger width side thereof, said distributor means having an inlet for the vapor to be condensed. Collector means is provided in communication with the interior space of the gap at the smaller width side thereof for collecting the condensed liquid.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of high molecular weight linear polyesters which are derived from dicarboxylic acids or their ester-forming derivatives and from diols, by condensing polyester precondensates, having a relative viscosity of at least 1.05, at from 270.degree. to 340.degree. C. under reduced pressure, the condensation being started at from 290.degree. to 340.degree. C. and the temperature being lowered as the condensation progresses, the final temperature being at least 10.degree. C. above the melting point of the particular polyester produced, and an apparatus for carrying out the process.

Abstract: The tubular cooled members have straight pipes, each accommodating an insert aligned axially therewith and having a cross-section diminishing in the direction of the coolant flow in the pipe interior. These straight pipes are coupled in pairs by a bent connecting pipe fitted with an insert abutting against those enclosed in said straight pipes. The abutted pipes have the same diameters but the junctions between said pipes are displaced relative to those between the inserts, the inserts also having the same diameters at the abutted sections.

Abstract: A forced convection heat exchanger for warming articles such as baby bottles is provided comprising a container having walls extending upwardly from a bottom end to define an open top end. A platform to receive and support the article to be warmed is mounted within the container spaced apart from the container bottom end. A plurality of spacers extend inwardly from the walls and upwardly from the platform. First drain openings are provided extending through the platform and second drain openings are provided within the walls below the platform adjacent the bottom end. The area of the platform relative to the total cross-sectional area of the first drain openings is dimensioned so as to provide a standing head of water under turbulent flow conditions within the container substantially up to the container open top end when the container receives an average flow of water from a tap.

Abstract: Apparatus for cooling dough in a mixer comprising a multi-section direct expansion jacket provided on the main sheet and both end walls of the mixing bowl, the jacket providing a flow path for liquid coolant progressively increasing in cross-sectional area from the inlet to the outlet, and having flow control and heat transfer maximizing means so that the velocity of coolant flow through and a minimum pressure drop across the flow path remain substantially constant and the liquid coolant is always maintained in contact with the heat transfer surfaces.

Abstract: A heat recuperator comprises a monolithic refractory block containing a first array of waste gas passages and a second array of combustion air passage segments oriented perpendicular to the waste gas passages. At least one turnaround manifold interconnects successive combustion air passage segments into multiple-pass passages. Preferably waste gas passages are tapered from a larger area entry aperture to a smaller area exit aperture. Successive combustion air segments are preferably tapered in opposite directions in the refractory block so that they can be interconnected to form a multiple pass passage with a substantially continuous taper from a smaller area initial entry aperture to a larger area exit aperture. The monolithic refractory block containing integral passages can be formed in a single casting or ramming operation.

Abstract: A forced air hot water furnace including means for initially heating water and delivering the heated water to a radiator, the radiator having a fluid conduit as a part thereof, the fluid conduit having an upstream section with an orifice or passage of predetermined cross-sectional flow area, and a downstream section with an orifice or passage of reduced or smaller cross-sectional flow area whereby the water, as it passes through the conduit of the radiator, is increased in its velocity whereby to provide increased energy transfer within the radiator means, the conduit of the radiator being provided with heat transfer fins in surrounding relationship thereto.

Abstract: A rotary piston internal combustion engine of trochoidal construction which includes a housing casing with hollow spaces for a cooling media disposed between housing inner and housing outer walls, whose outer wall is provided with a cooling medium channel; a polygonal piston rotates within the housing casing and slides along its inner wall, and at least one cooling medium bore constructed as nozzle is provided which branches off from the cooling medium channel, is arranged in the housing outer wall and is directed toward the hottest area of the housing inner wall.