Abstract: A super-conductive, cryogenically-cooled electrical machine comprises a superconductive exciting winding located in a hollow rotor and a system for cooling the ends of the rotor shaft. The cooling agent is delivered from one end of said shaft to the rotor space through the axial passage of the shaft whose ends are made of at least two coaxial tubes secured together by threading. The cooling agent is removed through the clearances of said thread and such construction of the rotor shaft reduces heat influxes to the superconductive exciting winding at least threefold and lowers the weight-to-power ratio of the machine at least fivefold.

Abstract: A rotary cylinder for use in a calender has a roller with a hollow cylindrical sleeve and two trunnions secured to the end portions of the sleeve. The roller contains a coaxial displacing component which defines with the sleeve an annular clearance for the flow of a cooling or heating fluid, such fluid being admitted through one of the trunnions and being evacuated through the one or the other trunnion. One or more prestressed elastic cushions are interposed between the displacing component and the roller to compensate for and to counteract eventual radial and or axial movements of a portion of or the entire displacing component as a result or unequal heating or cooling of the roller and displacing component. A single cushion may constitute a hollow conical frustum or a hollow cylinder. If the roller contains several cushions, such cushions may constitute discrete disks or ribs which are integral with the displacing component and contact the internal surface of the sleeve.

Abstract: A rotor of an electrical machine has a superconducting winding which is connected to a heat exchanger in the cavity of the rotor. The heat exchanger feeds coolant to and withdraws coolant from the rotor. A thermal/electromagnetic shield, radially spaced from the superconducting winding, is connected with a Ranque vortex tube disposed in the cavity of the rotor. The rotor also has power leads having cooling ducts connected to the Ranque vortex tube and to the coolant discharge line. In addition, the rotor has two reducer portions adjacent the superconducting winding, arranged in series along the axis of the rotor on either side of the superconducting winding and each having a cooling duct located in close proximity to the superconducting winding and connected to Ranque vortex tube. The outlets of the cooling ducts of the reducer portions are connected with the coolant discharge line.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for heating or cooling a liquid, comprises a stationary outer shell and an drum rotatable coaxially in the shell. The outer periphery of the drum is adjacent the inner periphery of the shell and a stationary heat exchanger is disposed within the drum. Liquid to be heated or cooled is fed into the drum past the stationary heat exchanger and then between the outer periphery of the drum and the inner periphery of the shell. Impeller structure is disposed on the extends axially along the outer periphery of the drum, such as a helicoidal vane, to more the liquid in a circuitous path along the inner periphery of the stationary shell upon rotation of the drum.

Abstract: Machine for rebuilding by welding hard metal on track roller assemblies. The machine includes a system for recirculating coolant through the assembly during a welding operation and for controlling the temperature of the coolant. The machine further includes means whereby as one roller assembly is being rebuilt, the previously welded roller assembly is cooled by the circulation of coolant.

Abstract: A heat pipe roller comprising an inner pipe, an outer pipe, and a chamber formed by the inner pipe and the outer pipe, containing a heating medium, wherein the inner pipe and the outer pipe are sealed above one portion of each end of the heat pipe roller.

Abstract: A steam heated dryer drum having one or more spoiler bars secured against its inner shell wall to extend longitudinally and substantially parallel with the axis of rotation. The spoiler bars generate turbulence in the condensate to lower the resistance to heat transfer through the shell wall. No screws, bolts, rivets or the like, which would necessitate penetration of the shell wall, are required or used to secure the bars. In one embodiment, the bars themselves have a bridge-shaped cross sectional configuration and are made of a magnetic material. Their bridge legs form the north and south poles of the magnetic bar and have their ends contoured to correspond to the drum shell radius of curvature.In another embodiment, magnets having a bridge-shaped cross section are used.

Abstract: A method of improving the drying characteristics of a cylinder drying section of a paper or a cardboard machine so that an essentially even transverse moisture profile of the dried paper or cardboard web is achieved by this drier comprises coating the rim areas of the outer jacket surface of at least some of the drying cylinders with a heat-insulating foil.

Abstract: An equipment for continuously producing tapes in rubbery vulcanizable material, adapted to the manufacture of hoses, the equipment comprising at least one pair of calendering rollers, means for causing a rubbery composition to pass and be calendered into a tape between said rollers, and a set of internally cooled hollow cylinders and guide means for guiding the tape in surface engagement with said cooled cylinders.

Abstract: Improved heat roller fixing apparatus comprising an inner cylinder having a heater therein, an outer cylinder, and a vacuum chamber which is formed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and which contains a liquid heat transfer medium at low pressure is described. In particular, improvements obviating excessive heating of the inner cylinder are made by placing the heat transfer medium in the chamber so as to be in contact with the lower portion of the inner cylinder at least when said outer cylinder is stationary, or by mounting on the inner cylinder a member which serves to stir or pour the heating medium on the inner cylinder and also to transfer heat indirectly from the inner cylinder to the outer cylinder through the heating medium so that speedy evaporation of the heating medium and safe and stable fixing of images are accomplished.

Abstract: A hollow cylindrical dryer drum having an outer surface with a working face for heat drying a traveling paper web with a plurality of axially extending bars on the inner surface of the drum and an annular ring dam positioned against the ends of the bars and spaced from one end of the drum to provide a condensate removal channel between the end of the drum and the ring.

Abstract: A rotary hollow shell cylindrical heat transfer roll for either chilling or heating a web has a device therein for controlling a heat transfer liquid to flow as a uniform thin layer stream in heat transfer relation to the inner cylindrical surface of the roll substantially throughout the width and limited to substantially the circumferential length of the area of the outer periphery of the roll over which the web travels. The direction of flow of the heat transfer stream is opposite to the direction of rotation of the roll.

Abstract: Radial projections are formed at opposed ends of a double walled hollow cylinder which form a vapor condensation chamber such that the radially outer wall is heated by means of vapors condensing thereon. Heating elements are mounted at the annular compartments and a steel wool packing is carried within each compartment and extends in a continuous annular manner throughout each compartment to distribute vaporizable liquid by the steel wool packing for effective vaporization as a result of energization of the heating elements.

Abstract: The internal ribs of the drying cylinders are formed with cross-sections which are of parabolic shape or substantially parabolic shape in order to obviate any additional thermal stressing of the cylinder. The rib cross-sections are each situated in a zone bounded outwardly by a hexagon which consists of a rectangle of full rib width and a height equal to 0.75 times the rib height and an adjoining trapezium having a width 0.65 times the maximum rib width at the top of the rib and inwardly by a pentagon of a width of 0.7 times the full width at mid-height of the rib and an apex at the maximum height of the rib.

Abstract: A sheet mill table roll in the form of a cylindrical hollow body having hubs therewith fixed therewith on half-axles mounted in table bearing supports. Each end face of the cylindrical hollow body has a coaxially mounted cover with a central port. The diameter of the central port is essentially smaller than the outside diameter of the hub which is fitted with through channels running at its periphery. The covers form with said half-axles annular slots for the passage of cooling fluid through the interior of the roll body.

Abstract: An internally cooled roll comprises a cylindrical body having two trunnions and an axially extending internal chamber. A coaxial cylindrical lining is countersunk in the chamber by casting and a coaxial hollow cylinder is arranged within the lining. The lining and cylinder define therebetween a passage for circulating a cooling fluid therethrough. Two conduits respectively supply and remove the cooling fluid to and from the passage, one of the conduits being connected with the lining.

Abstract: A heat transfer roller embodying a heat pipe is disclosed. The heat pipe is mounted on a shaft, and the shaft is adapted for rotation on its axis.

Abstract: The roll has an inner axial flow space extending into conical flow spaces with wider ends facing away from each other. Cooling water is fed to and discharged from central axial bores in the roll, there being radial distributor and collecting ducts leading from these central bores to the widest diameter portions of the conical flow spaces.

Abstract: Rotary heat exchangers heated by circulating a heat transfer liquid through them. Methods for upgrading the performance of conventional rotary dryers.

Abstract: A first cylindrical drum member having an inlet portion for receiving materials to be treated, such as preheated coal and char includes a longitudinal axis and an outlet portion through which the treated materials are discharged into the inlet end portion of a second cylindrical drum member. The second drum member is independently supported for rotation relative to the first drum member and has a longitudinal axis coplanarly aligned with the longitudinal axis of the first drum member such that the drum members are concentrically positioned in tandem relative. A sealing assembly is connected to the first and second drum members for longitudinal movement with the drum members during expansion and contraction of the drum members as they are subjected to different temperatures.

Abstract: A heat transfer assembly is provided having heat transfer elements which contact end portions of a pressure roller of a fuser assembly. A heat transfer fluid is caused to pass over the elements in response to a signal to remove heat therefrom thereby cooling such portions of the pressure roller in contact with the elements.

Abstract: A heated roll for effecting heat treatment of materials has an outer cylindrical shell, an inner cylindrical shell spaced from the outer cylindrical shell, a wall defining an annular space between the shells, partitions in the annular space for forming flow channels for the heating medium passing through the inner space, feed means for introducing a heating medium into the annular space and a discharge means for discharging the heating medium from the annular space and from the roll. The discharge means includes a centrally located backflow conduit and defines a single stationary discharge opening arranged in the roll below the roll axis for discharging heating medium selectively from the lower portion of the roll to the centrally located backflow conduit.

Abstract: An internally cooled roll comprises a cylindrical body having two coaxial trunnions. A longitudinal conduit extends in the interior of the body in the direction of its axis for circulating a cooling fluid therethrough, and a tubular conduit is disposed in the longitudinal conduit. The cooling fluid is supplied to one of the conduits and removed from the other conduit, either fluid supply or removal being obtained by a fluid collector element connected to the tubular conduit and passing through one of the trunnions.

Abstract: An improved developing roller for use in the development of heat-sensitive copy sheets in a reproduction machine which comprises a hollow, thin-walled heat conducting rotatable cylinder or drum having a relatively small diameter heat pipe mounted on or embedded in its inner wall and extending substantially between the ends of said cylinder in order to provide and maintain a uniform temperature across the outer surface of said cylinder in use.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method and apparatus for transferring heat between two bodies separated by a narrow space and movable relative to each other, the temperature of one body dependent upon the temperature of the other body.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for heating high speed moving yarns by using a roller with a fixed core and a rotatable jacket separated from the core by a narrow gap. In operation, the gap is filled with a gas under superatmospheric pressure. A method for using the apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: A shell of chilled cast iron has a plurality of passages, parallel to the axis of the shell. Two end structures, also of cast iron, support the two ends of the shell. A plurality of radial passages is provided in the end structures for guiding a heating medium such as steam outwardly to and inwardly from the passages in the shell. The passages are disposed to transfer heat from the heating medium therein to the end structures and to the shell.

Abstract: An apparatus that comprises (a) a fluid-tightly closeable materials-treating or reaction chamber with at least its body portion substantially completely enclosed by a temperature-control fluid chamber provided by its being surrounded by a temperature-control fluid jacket, (b) means to rotate the jacketed chamber end over end about an axis substantially normally transverse to its central axis, (c) divider-baffling means dividing its temperature-control fluid chamber into a plurality of, such as four, substantially similar and independent control-fluid compartments or quadrants, (d) temperature-control fluid ingress means which enable feeding temperature-control fluid into such quadrant while the reactor is rotating, (e) means in each compartment or quadrant to affect the flow of fluids through it to provide substantially uniform overall heat transfer from each of them; and (f) fluid egress means to enable discharging heat-control fluid from these compartments during the rotation.

Abstract: A rotary drum plant is disclosed in which a unique system for directing a liquid medium to the rotating drum is utilized. A rotary drum such as a tube mill has a driving shaft connected thereto, with at least one U-shaped inner ring member having a channel-like cross-section positioned about the shaft and mounted for rotation therewith with the opening of the U-shape facing radially outwardly. At least one stationary ring member has a generally rectangular cross-sectional configuration and is positioned about the rotating U-shaped member to form a generally annular chamber with the U-shaped inner ring. A conduit adapted for carrying a liquid medium such as water communicates the chamber to the rotating drum and rotates therewith, while another liquid conduit directs the liquid medium to the chamber via the stationary ring member.

Abstract: A dryer for removing moisture from wet fine particles, such as coal, comprising an insulated stationary cylinder in which an open-ended metallic cylindrical tube is rotated, coaxially in an essentially horizontal position. Wet particles are introduced in said open end while hot air is circulated between the stationary cylinder and the tube. Metallic balls or the like contained in the rotating tube are interspersed in the wet mix. Perforated fins and baffles extend from the outer wall of the tube to aid in transferring heat, by conduction, to the tube and metallic balls to evaporate the moisture before the coal is discharged at the opposite end through a screen section of the tube. Additives may be introduced into the wet mix to coat the dried coal particles to prevent dust or prepare the mix for pelletizing or briquetting.

Abstract: A device for cooling bulk material by low-boiling liquefied gas includes a precooling zone and a spraying zone. The precooling zone is inclined from the horizontal downwardly toward its discharge end to which is attached a rotatable drum-shaped chamber as its spraying and draining zone which is constructed as a worm conveyor. Where used for scrap tires, a spray pipe is provided at the discharge end with a ring mounted on the internal wall between the spray orifices and the discharge opening, the ring having a thickness corresponding to the average tire thickness.

Abstract: A heat transfer assembly is provided having heat transfer elements which contact end portions of a pressure roller of a fuser assembly. A heat transfer fluid is caused to pass over the elements in response to a signal to remove heat therefrom thereby cooling such portions of the pressure roller in contact with the elements.

Abstract: A roller for operation in a gaseous environment, perhaps containing solid particles; the roller requiring cooling. A central axial cylindrical aperture surrounding a shaft upon which the roller rotates has a continuous helical groove that extends the full length of the aperture. Upon rapid rotation gas traverses the groove, cooling the roller and removing any solid particles otherwise trapped between the aperture and the shaft.

Abstract: The invention contemplates multiple independent use of syphons at spaced locations within a steam-heated rotary device such as a cylinder, roll or drum, for removing condensate and non-condensable gases from the device. Multiple-passage rotary joints at the rotary bearings for the device provide for independent external extraction of the respective syphon outputs, while a remaining passage of the joints is used for admission of steam. Thus, each syphon is independent of the others and can keep functioning even if the others fail.

Abstract: Continuous casting plant rollers or rolls of small diameter are provided great longitudinal extension, which longitudinal extension exceeds the width of the continuously cast strand. The rollers or rolls have annular recesses distributed over their longitudinal extension, thus forming substantially cylindrical bearing pins to be received in bearings, preferably slide bearings, whose bearing height, measured from the bearing center toward the strand skin, is smaller than the radius of the rollers or rolls. The rollers or rolls may advantageously be composed of a plurality of individual roller or roll bodies held together by at least one bracing anchor. Preferably, the rollers or rolls are provided with internal cooling.

Abstract: A heat pipe is provided with an internally positioned heat source.

Abstract: The amount of wrap between a web and a heated drum is varied as a function of web speed by adjusting the position of idler rollers in response to a reference speed signal.

Abstract: A heated dryer drum consisting of a peripherally closed cylindrical shell with dryer heads engaging the shell at opposite ends thereof and each comprising a central bearing journal for rotatably supporting the drum. Included inside the drum is at least one tie rod extending between and connected to the dryer heads near the centers thereof. The dryer heads are axially resilient and preloading of the tie rod, or tie rods, preloads the dryer shell. The dryer heads advantageously taper in thickness from a thicker hub portion to a thinner peripheral portion, with the peripheral portion engaging opposite ends of the dryer shell. The tie rod, or tie rods, may be heated during installation so that, upon cooling, a desired preload will be imparted to the dryer shell. Furthermore, spring means can be incorporated in the tie rod, or tie rods, for controlling the preload on the dryer shell.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for milling grain while simultaneously cooking the grain in which the grain is introduced between coaxial relatively rotatable grinding members and advances therebetween while being milled. The milling of the grain develops heat in the grain which converts the moisture therein to steam which effects cooking of the grain. Most, if not all, of the steam thus generated is reabsorbed by the milled grain as it emerges from the apparatus. In order to enhance the cooking effect on the grain, the outer one of the conical grinding members has a heated gaseous medium supplied thereto and the mill includes an impeller for forcing the gaseous medium through the inner one of the grinding members so that both of the grinding members are heated and thereby enhance the cooking of the grain being milled in the apparatus.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel process of handling fluids which increase heat transfer efficiency in all types of heat transmission equipment. This process is applicable both to single and multiple units; in both cases, heat transfer is enhanced and steam consumption reduced.Basically, the process consists in extracting, along with the condensate, some of the steam from inside of a steam heated unit, separating this steam from the condensate and noncondensable gases, before and after feeding this extraction steam to another units working at a lower pressure.

Abstract: An apparatus having a substantially uniformly heated surface is provided for heat exchange purposes, such as use in the printing of textile web materials. The apparatus comprises a cylindrical, rotatable drum including narrowly spaced inner and outer concentric shells defining an annular flow space, and provided with alternating partitions and baffles extending longitudinally within that flow space, thus providing approximately U-shaped flow paths, having entrance and exit legs, for the circulation of a suitable heat-transfer medium, such as hot oil therethrough. The apparatus also includes a centrally disposed concentric tubular conduit, or central feed passage, coaxial with the cylinder or drum, for supply and return of the heat-exchange medium.