Abstract: A fire extinguishing apparatus having a fire prediction function. The fire extinguishing apparatus includes: a fire extinguishing tube container having a fire extinguishing material therein, and automatically emitting the fire extinguishing material when being exposed to surrounding fire or heat; a fire pre-sensor coupled to one side of the fire extinguishing tube container and sensing surrounding presymptoms of a fire by measuring internal pressure of the fire extinguishing tube container; and a fire monitor connected to the fire pre-sensor and generating monitoring information while collecting internal state information and external environmental information of the fire extinguishing tube container.

Abstract: An energy storage/battery system is disclosed. The system can include a multi-voltage configurable module (MVCM) and a multi-voltage configurable backplane (MVCB) that form the system. The system can be dynamically controlled to bring MVCMs on or offline to deliver power and capacity to a device.

Abstract: A storage system is described where goods are stored in containers and the containers are stored in stacks. Above the stacks runs a grid network of tracks on which load handling devices run. The load handling devices take containers from the stacks and deposit then at alternative locations in the stacks or deposit then at stations where goods may be picked out. The framework may be provided with one or more of the following services: power, power control, heating, lighting, cooling, sensing, and data logging. A method of partitioning the storage system prevents the spread of fire or prevent damage caused by sprinkler activation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a fire suppression system are provided. Aspects include receiving, from a sensor, environmental data associated with a location, determining a presence of a fire and a fire type based at least in part on the environmental data associated with the location, operating a fire suppression system in a plurality of modes based on the presence of the fire and the fire type, wherein the plurality of modes comprise a normal fire operation mode and a hazardous fire operation mode.

Abstract: A test system for testing a device under test is described. The test system includes an anechoic chamber for encompassing a device under test to be tested by means of radio frequency radiation. The anechoic chamber has a wall with an opening provided in the wall. The test system also has a feedthrough assembly for transporting a fluid into the anechoic chamber or from the anechoic chamber. The feedthrough assembly has a pipe that extends through the opening such that the pipe is fed through the opening. The pipe is routed such that radio frequency radiation is prevented from leaving the anechoic chamber via the pipe. Furthermore, a feedthrough assembly is described.

Abstract: An energy storage/battery system is disclosed. The system can include a multi-voltage configurable module (MVCM) and a multi-voltage configurable backplane (MVCB) that form the system. The system can be dynamically controlled to bring MVCMs on or offline to deliver power and capacity to a device.

Abstract: A transport refrigeration unit (TRU) fire detection and mitigation system is provided for use with a TRU that includes a housing and components supportively disposed within the housing that are configured to condition an interior of a container. The TRU fire detection and mitigation system includes a fire detection sub-system and a mitigation sub-system. The fire detection sub-system is partially disposable within the housing and configured to detect a thermal event therein. The mitigation sub-system is coupled to the fire detection sub-system and configured to take a mitigation action responsive to the thermal event being sensed by the fire detection sub-system.

Abstract: Embers created by fires, particularly fires in environments such as grassland, bushland, and forests, can lead to the loss of property and animal and human lives. In addition to the loss of property and lives, fires caused by embers lead to an increase in greenhouse gasses, an increase in the risk associated with an ember attack and/or a fire, and a reduced ability to effectively fight an ember attack and/or a fire. The concept bush/wildfire should be understood to include forest fires, grassland fires, and the like. The present disclosure relates to an ember detector device, a bush/wild fire detection and threat management system, and methods of reducing greenhouse gasses, reducing the risk associated with an ember attack and/or a fire, and enhancing an ability to effectively fight an ember attack and/or a fire.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for the air conditioning of closed environments (314), particularly for vertical farms, comprising the steps of: —conditioning the air by means of an air treatment unit (301); —distributing and taking the conditioned air into the closed environment (314) through a plurality of channels (303, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309) connected to said air treatment unit (301); —generating a flow of conditioned air exiting, through a plurality of openings (316), from a first vertical wall (317) and taken in, through a plurality of openings (316), from the opposite vertical wall (315) of the closed environment (314); —alternatively inverting the delivery direction of the conditioned air along a substantially parallel direction with respect to the floor of the closed environment (314) so as to hit the inside of the closed environment (314) alternatively from one direction and subsequently from the opposite direction of the two vertical walls (318a, 318b).

Abstract: An electrical device having a housing containing at least one electrical component and an automatic fire prevention or extinguishing system with at least one heat and/or smoke sensor, the at least one heat and/or smoke sensor is operably connected to a container holding a fire-retarding, fire-extinguishing or fire-prevention material and the container is arranged to dispense the fire-retarding, fire-extinguishing or fire-prevention material into the housing and/or onto the electrical component when the at least one heat and/or smoke sensor detects heat and/or smoke inside the housing, as the fire-retarding, fire-extinguishing or fire-prevention material is dispensed through at least one conduit operably connected to the container holding the fire-retarding, fire-extinguishing or fire-prevention material. Each conduit is arranged to track electrical wiring of the electrical device or track at least part of an outer surface of at least one electrical component of the device.

Abstract: An access control system receives a trigger command for controlling a ventilation system; determines that the trigger command includes a lock trigger to hold an entrance door in a closed position; and induces a locking differential air pressure between opposite sides of the entrance door in response to the lock trigger, where the locking differential air pressure is sufficient to bias the entrance door to contact or to increase contact with a door frame in the closed position. The access control system may also determine that the trigger command includes an open assist trigger to ease an opening of the entrance door; and may induce an opening differential air pressure between the opposite sides of the entrance door in response to the open assist trigger, where the opening differential air pressure is sufficient to bias the entrance door to reduce contact with the door frame in the closed position.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing system for a vehicle includes: a fire sensing line arranged in a predetermined space of the vehicle to output a fire sensing signal as an electrical signal when a fire is sensed; a controller configured to output a control signal for spraying a fire extinguishing agent when the fire sensing signal from the fire sensing unit is input; a fire extinguishing agent cylinder configured to discharge the fire extinguishing agent filling an inside thereof in response to the control signal output from the controller; and a spray nozzle assembly arranged in the predetermined space of the vehicle and configured to spray the fire extinguishing agent supplied from the fire extinguishing agent cylinder through a fire extinguishing agent hose.

Abstract: A system for dispensing flame retardant foam on the exterior of a structure. The structure has an opening that enables distribution of flame retardant foam onto the roof. The system includes a foam distribution system having a foam expansion chamber and a roof plenum for delivery through the roof opening. Foam solution and compressed air are combined in a conduit and supplied to the foam expansion chamber. The structure may have at least one wall. In that case, the system may have a wall plenum for delivery of flame retardant foam from the foam expansion chamber through a first wall-associated opening. Each such wall will have an opening associated with the wall that enables distribution of flame retardant foam onto that wall.

Abstract: A device for suppressing fire inside a container includes a support structure configured to be mounted inside a vehicle at a position associated with at least one location configured to receive a container. The device further includes a deployment structure coupled to the support structure and a penetrator assembly coupled to the deployment structure. The penetrator assembly includes a nozzle having a tip configured to pierce a container and an actuator associated with the nozzle. The actuator is configured to extend the tip of the nozzle such that it pierces a container. The support structure and the deployment structure are configured such that the penetrator assembly is movable in at least one plane with respect to the support structure, and the penetrator assembly is configured to receive fire suppressant and direct the fire suppressant into the container.

Abstract: A nozzle cap assembly includes a body with a first curved side wall, the body defining a top end and a bottom end positioned opposite from the top end; a nut, the top end of the body positioned between the nut and the bottom end of the body; a spacer comprising a hollow body, the hollow body defining a curved outer surface, the spacer positioned between the nut and the bottom end of the body; and an antenna assembly coupled to the curved outer surface.

Abstract: A nozzle cap assembly includes a body with a first curved side wall, the body defining a top end and a bottom end positioned opposite from the top end; a nut, the top end of the body positioned between the nut and the bottom end of the body; a spacer comprising a hollow body, the hollow body defining a curved outer surface, the spacer positioned between the nut and the bottom end of the body; and an antenna assembly coupled to the curved outer surface.

Abstract: Systems and devices are provided for tracking deliveries and confirming delivery information with seals attached to the delivery vessel. In certain embodiments the seal includes a hidden number or code that is only viewable once the seal is broken or cut. The seal includes data and information that matches that of a corresponding delivery. Mobile devices and other computing devices can track the information that is input by the delivery personnel during the delivery process.

Abstract: Improvements to a portable fire extinguisher where the improvements relate to a system where the owner of the extinguisher can monitor and maintain their fire protection. The improvements also include integration of technology into the fire extinguisher for real-time information of the status around the extinguisher, pre-recorded instructions in one or multiple languages. The technology can also include bi-directional communication whereby a user can communicate to a distant operator. With the inclusion of a speaker the fire extinguisher can provide safety and public service announcements using a wireless WiFi communication network without requiring separate speakers to be wired and connected throughout a building.

Abstract: An example fire suppression system includes a cylinder having a wall defining an inner chamber, and a processor operable to determine an amount of a suppressant in the inner chamber based on a capacitance between a first electrode and a second electrode that are both in contact with the suppressant. An example method for determining an amount of suppressant in a cylinder includes measuring a capacitance between a first electrode and a second electrode that are both in contact with a suppressant within a cylinder, and a determining an amount of suppressant within the cylinder based on the capacitance.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a fire suppressant system includes a first fire bottle in operable communication with a first cockpit control switch via a first channel, and a first sensor-based switch via a second channel. Additionally, the fire suppressant system includes a second fire bottle in operable communication with a second cockpit control switch via a third channel, and a second sensor-based switch via a fourth channel.

Abstract: A surgical system is disclosed including a surgical instrument including a replaceable staple cartridge. The replaceable staple cartridge includes a first RFID tag including a first set of information and a sled including a second RFID tag including a second set of information. A retainer includes a third RFID tag including a third set of information. The first set of information, the second set of information, and the third set of information collectively form a unique combination representative of the replaceable staple cartridge. A remote storage system includes a set of compatible combinations. The controller compares the unique combination to the set of compatible combinations to determine if the replaceable staple cartridge is compatible for use with the surgical instrument. The controller prevents at least one operation of the surgical instrument if the controller determines that said unique combination is not compatible for use with the surgical instrument.

Abstract: An improved system and method for detection and suppression of fire that addresses the elements of the fire tetrahedron (e.g., heat, oxygen, fuel-rich smoke) to detect and suppress fires is described. Embodiments are comprised of a processor in communication with a detector, a fan, and a number of dampers. Upon detection of a triggering condition by the detector, the processor causes signals to be transmitted to the fan and dampers. Resulting changes to dampers and fans redirects airflow to evacuate heat, oxygen, and fuel-rich smoke through one or more vents in the compartment in which the triggering condition was detected. Advantages of described embodiments include utilizing existing HVAC systems, removing elements of the fire tetrahedron to suppress fires, and reducing unnecessary damage that may be caused by prior art suppression systems (e.g., sprinklers).

Abstract: An inspection system for acquiring images of an aircraft in a space is provided. The system comprises a plurality of imaging apparatuses positionable on an overhead structure in a ceiling space of an aircraft hangar, each imaging apparatus being positioned within the aircraft hangar such that each of the plurality of imaging apparatuses are configured to acquire images of sections of an aircraft positioned within the hangar, a computer system including an application viewer program configured to receive the transmitted images from each imaging apparatus, wherein the application viewer program is configured to generate a display of the acquired images of different sections of the aircraft.

Abstract: An improved nozzle for use with a fire hose having an infra-red temperature sensor that is aligned with an output of the nozzle. The sensor will detect the infrared energy produced by a fire hot spot and provide a visual indication of the energy on a display. The temperature sensor operates a thermometer and is placed in the center of the discharge nozzle allowing water to pass around the sensor. A laser is positioned next to the sensor on the outlet of the nozzle to project a high intensity visible light toward the area that the IR sensor is directed.

Abstract: A control system has first and second processing modules for controlling retraction and extension of an aircraft landing gear assembly. The processing modules operate independently providing redundancy. Each processing module is configured to perform a first sequence of steps for retracting the landing gear assembly and a second sequence of steps for extending the landing gear assembly. A step of switching control from one processing module to the other (e.g. an avionics side changeover step) is performed (a) as part of the first sequence of steps, but only after the landing gear assembly has been retracted, or (b) as part of the second sequence of steps. By ensuring that the step of switching control is performed at such times, and not for example between initiation of the first sequence of steps and the retraction of the landing gear assembly, the landing gear assembly may be retracted sooner after such initiation.

Abstract: Methods and systems for maintaining an atmosphere inside a habitat enclosing a work station and shutting down one, more than one, or all operational equipment inside and/or outside the habitat upon the occurrence of an adverse event. Concentrations of explosive, flammable, and/or poisonous gases or vapors are sensed, transmitted to a logic device, as are temperature, pressure, and/or humidity. HVAC units and air extraction units controlled by the logic device maintain acceptable pressure, temperature, and/or humidity. Any grit and dust may be extracted. Any explosive, flammable, and/or poisonous gases or vapors are extracted employing an emergency gas extraction sub-system controlled by the logic device. The logic device shuts down one, more than one, or all operational equipment inside and/or outside the habitat (for example as dictated by the client, law, or regulation) upon receiving one or more adverse event signals.

Abstract: An unmanned vehicle for initiating a fire extinguishing action, the vehicle having: a vehicle sensor unit for detecting a fire parameter KF of a vehicle monitoring region, a vehicle communication unit for receiving an instruction signal SI representing a detected fire, a target location and/or a target region, and a navigation control unit for navigating the vehicle to the target location based on the instruction signal SI. The vehicle is: configured for detecting the fire parameter KF in the form of a verification fire parameter KV of the fire detector monitoring region at the target location by the vehicle sensor unit, configured for determining a verification fire status ZV by evaluating the verification fire parameter KV, and designed and/or configured for initiating a fire extinguishing action if the verification fire status ZV was determined. A system with such a vehicle and a corresponding method are also provided.

Abstract: A sprinkler head for a sprinkler system including a pipe section, a sealing member provided over a pipe section discharge opening, an abutment connected to the pipe section via a support element, and thermal release element disposed between the abutment and sealing member. A triggering means controls active thermal triggering of the thermal release element and includes an electrical circuit board having a controller, an electric power supply, and an electrical conduction path along the thermal release element. The electrical circuit board is in electrical contact with the sealing member and support element. The abutment and sealing member are electrically connected to the electrical conduction path. Current fed by the power supply through the support element, the abutment, the electric conduction path, and sealing member is produced by means of the controller, causes active heating and thus a triggering of the thermal release element.

Abstract: A fire suppression system for an aircraft cargo compartment comprises a source of fire suppression agent, a supply line for conducting the fire suppression agent to the compartment, at least one first pressure sensor for sensing the pressure within the cargo compartment and at least one second pressure sensor for sensing the pressure in an area within the aircraft but external to the cargo compartment. The system further comprises a first, inlet valve permitting fluid communication between the area external to the cargo compartment and the cargo compartment, a second, outlet valve permitting fluid communication between the cargo compartment and an or the area external to the cargo compartment and a fan for extracting fluid from the cargo compartment through the outlet valve.

Abstract: An emergency escape system is provided. The system comprises a quick release safety pin, a manual release box configured with a metal jacket that contains the pin, and a swing arm attached via a rod to a locking mechanism, the swing arm held immobile by the pin. Upon release of the pin, the arm is configured to move in a horizontal direction and cause the rod to pull and release the locking mechanism from an engaged position. The locking mechanism, when in engaged position, securely maintains at least one of a window, a door, and a panel. The safety pin, the metal jacket, and the swing arm are positioned on an outward facing surface of the manual release box. A load spring surrounding the rod is manipulated by action of the swing arm and causes release of the locking mechanism.

Abstract: Fire protection systems and methods for ceiling-only high-piled storage protection. The systems include a plurality of fluid distribution devices disposed beneath a ceiling and above a high-piled storage commodity having a nominal storage height ranging from a nominal 20 ft. to a maximum nominal storage height of 55 ft. and means for quenching a fire in the storage commodity. The stored commodity to be protected may include exposed expanded plastics. The fluid distribution devices include a frame body having an inlet, an outlet, a sealing assembly, and an electronically operated releasing mechanism supporting the sealing assembly in the outlet.

Abstract: An automatically activated intelligent fire extinguisher includes: a plurality of direction temperature sensors provided to sense temperatures in a plurality of directions; a rotating motor for providing rotational force; a fire-extinguishing liquid ejecting nozzle installed to communicate with a fire-extinguishing liquid valve and to rotate by rotational force from the rotating motor; a fire-extinguishing liquid valve for adjusting a fire-extinguishing liquid introduced into the fire-extinguishing liquid ejecting nozzle; and a direction control portion for controlling rotation of the rotating motor according to information regarding temperatures in respective directions sensed by the direction temperature sensor.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a server, including: a receiving unit that receives an image of a military apparatus from a wearable device worn on the body of a maintenance mechanic; an object recognition unit that recognizes multiple maintenance objects and at least one component object from the image based on a filter that uses an Euclidean distance between pixels in the image; and a maintenance target object extraction unit that predicts a second maintenance target object to be maintained after the maintenance of a first maintenance target object currently being maintained is completed based on predetermined correlation data between the recognized at least one component object and the respective maintenance objects.

Abstract: In one implementation, a computer-implemented method includes receiving, at a computer system, information that indicates that a fire has been detected in a building and that a fire suppression system within the building has begun dousing the fire; monitoring sensor information from one or more sensors located within the building; determining, by the computer system and based on the sensor information, whether the fire has been extinguished; activating, in response to determining that the fire has been extinguished, a feature to turn off a water supply to the building, the feature being presented on a computing device for a user who is associated with the building; receiving, after activating the feature and from the computing device, a command to turn off the water supply; and transmitting, by the computer system, a control signal that causes an electromechanical device to close a water valve within the building.

Abstract: A method of responding to a condition in an exhaust ventilation system that has an exhaust hood includes receiving, at a control module, an exhaust air temperature signal representing a temperature of the exhaust air in a vicinity of the exhaust hood, the exhaust air temperature signal being generated by a temperature sensor. The method also includes receiving a radiant temperature signal representing a temperature of a surface of a cooking appliance that generates the exhaust air, the radiant temperature signal being generated by a radiant temperature sensor. Further, the method includes receiving a pressure signal representing the pressure in the hood and determining a state of the cooking appliance based on the received exhaust air temperature signal, the received radiant temperature signal, and the received pressure signal. Finally, the method responds to the determined appliance state by outputting a control signal from the control module.

Abstract: A water injector for an aviation cooling system includes a body having a first end, a second end, and an intermediate portion extending therebetween. A conduit extends through the body from the first end to the second end. A spray nozzle is fluidically connected to the conduit and arranged at one of the first end and the second end. A mounting plate is arranged at the other of the first end and the second end. The mounting plate is configured and disposed to secure the body to an aviation cooling component. A filter is supported at the body and is fluidically exposed to the conduit. The filter is configured and disposed to capture particulate flowing into the water injector towards the spray nozzle.

Abstract: A vehicle fire suppression system includes a centralized controller, a detecting circuit, a releasing circuit, and a processor in communication with a monitoring circuit. The detecting circuit is coupled to the centralized controller and configured to indicate a detection of a fire. The releasing circuit includes an actuating device coupled to the centralized controller through an output bus. The actuating device is coupled to a supply of fire fighting agent. The centralized controller is configured to activate the actuating device to release the fire fighting agent to address the fire in response to the detection of the fire. The processor and the monitoring circuit are configured to determine if there is a fault in at least one of the detecting circuit and the releasing circuit.

Abstract: An air purge and pressurization system that utilizes a variable speed fan and a feedback loop to optimize system operation is described herein. In one embodiment, such a system can include an enclosed container located in an area classified as hazardous, a controller rated for operation within the hazardous area, and a pressure sensor located within the container and coupled to the controller. The system can also include a variable-speed fan located outside the hazardous area and coupled to the controller. The controller can be configured to monitor air pressure within the container and variably control a speed of the fan to maintain the detected pressure above a minimum value. Accordingly, a required pressure can be maintained while minimizing a volume of air forced into the container.

Abstract: An event driven monitoring device that can be configured to monitor a variety of operating conditions for a piece of equipment or system and may also report specific events related to these operating conditions to a central cloud-based server. The server can then broadcast customized alert information to other computers or systems configured to receive them. The monitoring device may accept input from many types of sensors allowing the device to detect and respond to changes in numerous types of sense parameters. Individuals and/or devices may receive reports from the remote server in response to certain events sent using any suitable protocol such as a text message, e-mail, push notification, or automated telephone call to name a few examples. The server may be configured with specialized rules programmed to determine which contacts should be notified for specific events related to individual pieces of equipment.

Abstract: An electric wire protection device comprising a pyrotechnic cutoff switch disposed between an electric wire connecting a load and a vehicle-mounted power supply that is connected to a reference potential. The pyrotechnic cutoff switch is disposed between the electric wire and has: a conductive part through which current between the vehicle-mounted power supply and the load flows; a cutting blade cuts the conductive part; a drive part, actuated by gunpowder, propels the cutting blade in a direction in which the conductive part is to be cut; and first and second terminals that input and output current that drives the drive part. In addition, the electric wire protection device comprises: a conductive wire having one end thereof connected to the electric wire and the other end thereof connected to the first terminal; and a diode having an anode connected to the reference potential and a cathode connected to the second terminal.

Abstract: An electrical device having a transport safety system that prevents unwanted discharge of the battery during transport. The electrical device has a battery connected to the electrical device, a charging device configured to be connected to the electrical device or to the battery, and an electrical discharge protection circuit associated with the battery or the electrical device to prevent discharge of the battery during transport. The electrical discharge protection circuit is adapted to be activated when connected to the charging device by engaging a button actuation on the electrical device, and is adapted to be deactivated by charging the battery. The discharge protection circuit is configured so that a wanted or unwanted actuation of the button when the discharge protection circuit is activated does not lead to activation of electrical components of the electrical device.

Abstract: A method of responding to a condition in an exhaust ventilation system that has an exhaust hood includes receiving, at a control module, an exhaust air temperature signal representing a temperature of the exhaust air in a vicinity of the exhaust hood, the exhaust air temperature signal being generated by a temperature sensor. The method also includes receiving a radiant temperature signal representing a temperature of a surface of a cooking appliance that generates the exhaust air, the radiant temperature signal being generated by a radiant temperature sensor. Further, the method includes receiving a pressure signal representing the pressure in the hood and determining a state of the cooking appliance based on the received exhaust air temperature signal, the received radiant temperature signal, and the received pressure signal. Finally, the method responds to the determined appliance state by outputting a control signal from the control module.

Abstract: Systems and devices are provided for tracking deliveries and confirming delivery information with seals attached to the delivery vessel. In certain embodiments the seal includes a hidden number or code that is only viewable once the seal is broken or cut. The seal includes data and information that matches that of a corresponding delivery. Mobile devices and other computing devices can track the information that is input by the delivery personnel during the delivery process.

Abstract: Fire suppression systems for vehicles and industrial applications including arrangements of an input bus and output bus coupled to a centralized controller to provide for automatic and manual detection of a fire and manual and automatic system actuation in response to the fire. The arrangements further provide for system information regarding the status and operation of the system components. Additionally, the arrangement of system components provide for expandability and programmability to configure the system for the protection of multiple and variable hazards using customized or programmed detection and/or actuation. The systems include configured connectors and color coded schemes to facilitate system installation.

Abstract: An integrated cargo-fire-suppression agent distribution system is disclosed. The integrated cargo-fire-suppression agent distribution system comprises a shut-off valve operable to close such that an airflow is blocked, and vehicle ventilation means operable to distribute a fire-suppression agent if the airflow is blocked.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for delivering a fire suppressant fluid into a vehicle (50), the apparatus (10) including a first funnel (12) in fluid communication with a delivery pipe (14), the funnel (12) being arranged to receive the fire suppressant fluid from a first location external to the vehicle (50) and the delivery pipe (14) extending from the first funnel (12) into the vehicle (50) so as to deliver the fire suppressant fluid within the vehicle (50).

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for determining whether a fire condition exists based on a status of a cooking appliance, and systems, devices, and methods for controlling an exhaust air flow rate in an exhaust air ventilation system based on the status of the cooking appliance. At least one sensor type generating a predefined signal is used to detect fire condition and appliance cooking state, the predefined signal being applied to a controller which differentiates, responsively the predefined signal, in combination with other sensor signals, at least two cooking states each of the cooking states corresponding to at least two exhaust flow rates which the controller implements in response to the controller's differentiation of the two states and which predefined signal is simultaneously used to differentiate a fire condition, in response to the differentiation of which, the same controller activates a fire suppression mechanism.

Abstract: The present technology discloses an apparatus for protecting a passenger who boards a vehicle at the time of lightning and a method thereof. An apparatus for protecting a passenger includes a receiver configured to receive positional information of a vehicle and weather information, a gas detection sensor configured to detect an electrolyte gas within a battery duct, an air pressure sensor configured to detect an air pressure of tire, and a controller configured to control an opening and closing of the battery duct depending on the positional information, the weather information, the detected result of the gas detection sensor, and the detected result of the air pressure sensor.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing agent may include a foam and at least one inert gas combined with the foam. A method of extinguishing a fire including a burning metal and/or a burning metal compound and also including a burning plastic material and/or a burning paper material may include combining a foam and at least one inert gas to form a fire extinguishing agent, and applying the fire extinguishing agent to the fire.

Abstract: A system for detecting a combustion-related condition in a pulverizer includes a pulverizer configured to receive coal chunks via an inlet, to grind the coal chunks into coal powder and to output the coal powder via an outlet. The system includes sensors configured to detect heat input characteristics supplied to the pulverizer and heat output characteristics emitted from the pulverizer. The system also includes a controller configured to determine, based on signals from the sensors, whether a combustion-related condition exists in the pulverizer based on a heat balance function including the heat input characteristics and the heat output characteristics.