Abstract: A wheel and brake assembly (10) having a torque bar (24) supported at a mid-span location. The torque bar (24) can be pre-loaded at a mid-span location. The pre-load can be effected by a spacer block (150) that is interposed between the wheel well and the torque bar (24). The method and device of the present invention can be used with existing wheel and brake assemblies. The spacer block can be a two-part spacer block.

Abstract: A multi-disc brake, in particular for a road vehicle, includes parallel plates which are arranged at a distance from one another and which are rotationally stable and between which a rotatable brake disc is positioned. The radially extending plates and the brake discs can be pressed against one another during braking while overcoming a clearance and once the brake is released, the discs are separated from each other thus forming a clearance. The brake discs are pressed individually in the non-brake position by axially working restoring springs and/or in groups counter to an axially stationary stop, which stop can be rotated with the brake discs.

Abstract: A multi-disc brake, in particular for a road vehicle, is provided with parallel discs which are arranged at a distance from each other and which are rotationally stable and between which a rotatable disc brake is positioned. The radially extending discs and the brake discs can be pressed against one another during braking, by way of a brake application device, while overcoming a clearance and once the brake is released, the discs are separated from each other thus forming a clearance. For transferring the feed motion during braking, a transmission gearing is connected in a movement-dependent manner to a pivotable brake lever of the brake application device and also actively connected to the brake discs.

Abstract: In a brake- and/or clamping arrangement for a shaft supported in a device housing and comprising a braking disc mounted on the shaft rigidly for rotation therewith and a clamping ring supported in the device housing, the braking disc has a friction area comprising two truncated cone-shaped friction surfaces with at least one brake cone arranged in the device housing and one arranged on an activating member. One brake cone abuts during braking or clamping the brake disc whereas the other brake cone abuts a clamping ring, which is disposed between contact areas of the brake cones, the clamping ring in contact with the brake disc and a brake cone being mounted to the apparatus housing.

Abstract: A disc brake runs wet by use of cooling fluid, in particular for a road vehicle, and includes stationary stator discs arranged in parallel to and at a distance from one other, and between which in each case a rotatable rotor disc is arranged. During braking, the radially extending stator discs and rotor discs can be pressed against one another, closing an air gap and, after the brake has been released, can be separated from one another, forming the air gap. The brake is designed such that the rotor discs have cooling channels which can be filled with cooling fluid immediately before or at the start of braking.

Abstract: A wet-running multi-disc brake includes stator discs, which are arranged in parallel to and at a distance from each other in a rotationally fixed manner, and a rotatable rotor disc positioned in each case between the stator discs. The radially extending stator discs and rotor discs can be pressed against one another during braking by way of a brake application device while overcoming a clearance. The wet-running multi-disc brake is designed such that the brake application device can be mechanically actuated and, via an actuating unit, engages a self-energizing device, which includes a pressure ring that can be pressed towards the rotor discs during braking independently from the rotational direction of the rotor discs.

Abstract: A disk clutch or brake, with inner and outer disk carriers that respectively carry inner and outer disks. The inner and outer disks are arranged axially in alternation next to one another. At least one of the inner and outer disk carriers have radial openings through which coolant flows toward the disks. The inner and/or outer disk carrier have a toothed component, which is fixed to and at least partially axially and radially encompasses a basic component. The inner or outer disks are fixed toothed component to prevent relative rotation while allowing axial displacement. Radial openings are formed in the basic and toothed components to enable a flow of coolant.

Abstract: A wheel brake for a vehicle including a brake disc unit adapted to brake the rotation of a rotation element, which is adapted to be drivingly connected to the wheel. The brake disc unit includes a first set of discs and a second set of discs arranged in an alternating manner in an axial direction. The discs in the first disc set are adapted to be rotationally rigidly connected to the rotation element. The brake disc unit includes at least one separator element, which is adapted to keep a sufficient distance between two adjacent discs of one of the disc sets for an intermediate disc from the other disc set to rotate at least substantially freely relative to the spaced discs when the brake disc unit is in a deactivated condition.

Abstract: The invention provides airplane landing gear comprising at least one axle for carrying at least one brake-and-wheel assembly comprising a rim mounted to rotate on the axle and a stack of disks and a support carrying modular electromechanical actuators that are individually removable, the landing gear and the brake-and-wheel assembly being organized in such a manner that each actuator is in at least one of the following configurations: an empty space of dimensions sufficient for receiving the actuator extends on a disassembly path directly facing the actuator when it is in an operating position; the actuator is associated with displacement means enabling it to be moved from an operating position to a disassembly position, an empty space of dimensions sufficient to receive the actuator extending along a disassembly path directly facing the actuator when it is in the disassembly position.

Abstract: By rotating a regulating bolt about an axis thereof to move forward/backward with respect to a protrusion portion, a lever is rotated about a shaft portion of an adjusting member. Therefore, the shaft portion of an adjusting member is rotated together with the lever to adjust a gap formed between a disk and a piston. After the gap is adjusted, the regulating bolt is fastened owing to a lock nut and a screw hole of the protrusion portion to thereby fix an forward/backward position of the regulating bolt with respect to the protrusion portion. In addition, a fixing bolt is screwed into a screw hole of a second housing portion to thereby fix a rotational position of the lever. Accordingly, the rotational position of the lever is double-locked.

Abstract: The invention relates to a brake mechanism (1) for agricultural utility vehicles. In the case of the brake mechanism (1), during a brake application an additional quantity of oil is supplied to a brake chamber (150) via an inlet manifold (180), which is fluidically connected to an oil chamber (130). The service brake is formed so that, when the service brake is operated, a first control element (120) is moved towards the brake elements (140, 141) in such a way that a brake chamber (150) is fluidically connected to the inlet manifold (180) and thus ensures an additional oil supply from the oil chamber (130).

Abstract: The invention is aimed at providing a battery forklift drive unit which makes a large space unnecessary for disposing brakes in the vicinities of drive units, thereby to achieve making the vicinities of drive units compact in a battery forklift. To this end, a second gear disposed in a drive case of the drive unit is formed inside with a space in which a wet type brake section is disposed and the wet type brake section comprises an inner disk whose entire inner periphery is attached to the second gear, an outer disk which lies opposite to the inner disk and whose entire outer periphery is attached to a side of the drive case, and a pressure plate for pressing together the inner and outer disks lying opposite to each other.

Abstract: A brake mechanism for a utility vehicle which can be installed around a drive shaft or inside a wheel hub. The brake has a non rotatable fixed body (200), a rotatable body (100) rotatable relative to the fixed body (200), at least one brake disc (207) which is non-rotatably relative to the fixed body (200), and at least one rotating brake disc (107) which is fixed for rotation with the rotatable body (100). An actuating member (234) can press the fixed brake disc (207) and the rotating brake disc (107) against each other and against a stop surface (209) on the fixed body to apply the brake. A spring means (230) also exerts an immobilizing force on the actuating member (234) to press the fixed brake disc (207) and the rotating brake disc (107) against each other to apply the brake.

Abstract: A caliper for a fixed twin rotor disc brake includes a relatively fixed body, two yokes movable axially with respect to the body, formations defined on the yokes for receiving four brake pads for respective application to rotor sides, and an actuator adapted to urge the yokes relatively axially. One of the yokes is operable to urge two of the four brake pads in a first axial direction, the other of the yokes is operable to urge the other two of the four brake pads in a second, opposite axial direction. The four brake pads are positioned on a first side of the actuator in the first axial direction.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling the front and rear wheel braking system of a road-going mass-produced motor car or automobile enables provision of brake-by-wire facilities utilizing an electrically-powered servo motor to generate brake-operating thrust which is applied to the interleaved friction elements and twin discs of a disc brake having axially slideable discs and a fixed caliper and disc and friction element-attitude control structure. The brake is of spot-type disc brake construction and the servo motor applies less brake-actuating thrust than is required for a comparable fixed disc and floating caliper construction.

Abstract: A brake adapted to be rotationally coupled with a shaft and in communication with a fluid source and a negative pressure source, the brake including a housing defining a chamber therein. A disc assembly is positioned within the chamber and includes a plurality of stationary discs carried by the housing and a plurality of rotating discs carried by the shaft. The rotatable discs and stationary discs are positioned for engagement. A piston is movable to cause the stationary discs to engage the rotatable discs. A first fluid input is in communication with the fluid source, providing a constant supply of fluid to the chamber. A second fluid input is in communication with the fluid source, providing fluid when the stationary and rotating discs are caused to engage.

Abstract: A brake housing and torque tube assembly for a vehicle such as an aircraft is presented. The interface between the brake housing and the torque tube is accommodated by a thermal composite material insulator that is located adjacent the brake housing and a metallic spacer adjacent the torque tube. The metallic spacer provides stiffness to the joint therebetween to prevent fatigue failure of the bolts interconnecting the brake housing and the torque tube. The metallic spacer also protects the insulator ring from sharp edges and small bearing area that are typically present at the ends of the torque tube.

Abstract: A method and brake disc assembly to utilize worn refurbished brake material is disclosed. The method discloses the use of a brake disc for braking and the subsequent machining or refurbishment of the brake disc so that the brake disc can be used for three tours of braking to increase the utilization of the brake material.

Abstract: An industrial brake is provided through which tension and emergency braking are initiated at opposite axial ends of the brake in order to improve packaging and maintenance of the brake and to enable the addition of an emergency brake function to existing tension brakes without substantial modifications to the brake. The brake includes a housing disposed about a driven shaft and friction plates coupled to the housing and the shaft respectively. One friction plate comprises a liquid cooled fluid jacket. One end cap assembly is disposed at one axial end of the housing and provides a tension brake function. Another end cap assembly is disposed at the opposite axial end of the housing and provides an emergency brake function.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a combined wet brake and rear gear assembly supported by a pair of frames. The combined wet brake and rear gear assembly includes a housing having at least one gear and a wet brake provided therein. An input shaft is connected to the gear and to the engine of the vehicle. The wet brake is located between one of the pairs of frames and the input shaft in the transverse direction of the vehicle in a top plan view.

Abstract: A method is provided for actuating a wet multiple disc brake, running with cooling oil, especially for a road vehicle. Stationary and rotating radially oriented discs are pressed against one another during braking while overcoming a clearance. The method is characterized in that once the brake is released, the discs associated with each other are separated from each other to such an extent as to form an oil-free or substantially oil-free clearance, wherein the clearance is minimized prior to braking by advancing the discs towards each another.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aircraft brake for braking a wheel received on an axle presenting in succession a large-diameter cylindrical upstream portion, a conical portion, and a smaller-diameter cylindrical downstream portion suitable for receiving the wheel, the brake comprising: a stack of disks; a structural engaged on the axle and having the disks mounted thereon, the structural part comprising a support member for receiving braking actuators and including a centering portion for centering the structural part on the upstream cylindrical portion of the axle; and a torsion tube receiving the disks, the torsion tube being made integrally with the support member and the centering bearing surface and extending substantially to extend the centering bearing surface in register with the conical portion of the axle; and a braking force takeup member separably fitted on a free end of the torsion tube remote from the centering bearing surface.

Abstract: A front wheel brake device for forklifts is used in applying brake to a front wheel attached to opposite lateral bottom sides of a mast assembly. The device includes a support bracket provided at the bottom sides of the mast assembly, a brake housing fixed to the support bracket and received within the front wheel, a wheel hub fixedly secured to the front wheel, an axle shaft rotatably provided within the brake housing and engaged with a shaft portion of the wheel hub for unitary rotation with the front wheel, brake discs axially movably fitted to the axle shaft for unitary rotation therewith, friction plates alternately arranged between the brake discs and fitted to the brake housing for movement in an axial direction of the axle shaft, and a piston provided within the brake housing for, when operated, pressing the friction plates against the brake discs.

Abstract: A system, apparatus and method provide a means for managing wear of brake friction material such that even friction material wear is experienced between brakes. The available friction material of each brake is monitored to determine an amount of wear. Based on the amount of wear, a braking force applied by each brake may be varied to ensure even wear between brakes.

Abstract: A belt brake is described for a safety belt for protecting occupants in a vehicle, which belt can be wound onto and unwound from a belt drum mounted rotationally about a belt shaft. A method for locking a safety belt is also described. The invention comprises at least one displaceable braking element for displacement along the belt shaft which is rotationally fixed to the belt shaft and is located between a first and a second thrust bearing. A first thrust bearing is forcibly guided along the belt shaft, thereby enabling the first thrust bearing to be transferred from a first position, in which the safety belt is wound on the belt drum with an axial distance a1 between the at least one braking element and the first thrust bearing, and to a second position, in which the safety belt is at least partially unwound from the belt drum with an axial distance a2 between the at least one braking element and the at least one thrust bearing where a2<11.

Abstract: Disclosed is a brake lining (3) for a multi-disk brake, comprising a first brake lining (33) with a first carrier plate (6), a first friction lining (4) which is arranged on a front (7) of the first carrier plate (6), a second brake lining (33?) with a second carrier plate (6?) a second friction lining (4?) which is arranged on a front (7?) of the second carrier plate (6?), and at least one connecting means (9) which connects the first carrier plate (6) with the second carrier plate (6?), so that the first and the second friction linings (4,4?) respectively face outwards.

Abstract: A clamp device is provided that can prevent a table from being tilted at the time of clamping, can suppress a displacement in an axial direction at the time of clamping to a minimum, and also can be suitably used for a table unit with its table swiveling at a high speed. A table has fixedly attached thereto a braking plate swiveling with the table. A frame has fixedly attached thereto fixing plates having inner flange portions protruding to a swiveling axis side of the table with a predetermined pitch so that the inner flange portions interpose the braking plate. Moreover, a hydraulic cylinder having a clamp piston freely movable between a clamp position at which the braking plate is clamped and an unclamp position at which the clamp state is released is provided with the flame.

Abstract: The invention provides a multi-disc brake for a vehicle. A knuckle supports a wheel of a vehicle. A hub is mounted for rotation on the knuckle about a rotation axis. A pair of discs are mounted for rotation with the hub and for sliding movement on the hub along the rotation axis. Each of the discs includes respective inboard and outboard engaging surfaces. Brake pad assemblies are disposed about the discs to engage the engaging surfaces. The brake pad assemblies slide along the rotation axis relative to the hub. A brake fist having a bridge portion extends outboard from the knuckle around the discs and the brake pad assemblies to an outboard wall supporting the outboard brake pad assembly against outboard movement along the rotation axis. An actuator urges the discs and the brake pad assemblies together against the outboard wall to slow rotation of the hub.

Abstract: An emergency brake. The emergency brake includes a pack of disks and counter-disks. A resilient actuator acts on the pack to push the disks and counter-disks into a braking condition. A piston acts on the pack in opposition to the resilient actuator in order to disable braking. A hydraulic circuit has a pressurized hydraulic fluid controlling the piston, which can be activated to actuate the piston in a condition releasing braking of the pack. The hydraulic circuit also has a branch delivering actuator fluid to the braking pack to lubricate and cool the braking pack when the circuit is deactivated.

Abstract: A hydraulic servo for a brake in an automatic transmission has a piston secured against rotation without provision of a protrusion on the piston engaging the transmission casing. The piston of the hydraulic servo has an inner cylindrical surface configured to grasp, along their lengths, return springs compressed between the piston and a return plate to which the return springs are fixed. The return plate is bolted to a bulkhead portion of the transmission case and, thus, the piston member is fixed to the bulkhead portion and thereby prevented from rotating.

Abstract: A mechanically applied spring release brake (50) having a single small diameter dynamic seal (46) is integrated into a wheel and tire to provide for a small package utilized in forklifts, wheel trucks and other industrial vehicles.

Abstract: A brake (10) for applying a braking force to a shaft includes a housing (11) which defines a chamber (17). The housing (11) includes a plurality of depressions (19) circumferentially spaced around an axis (22). A rotatable actuator (40) is received in the chamber (17) and includes a plurality of depressions (43) circumferentially spaced around the axis (22). The housing depressions (19) face the rotatable actuator depressions (43) and each matching pair of depressions receive a ball (23) therebetween. A spring (50) under compression is positioned centrally about the axis (22). A bearing (56) is interposed between the rotatable actuator (40) and disc assembly (70) which minimizes frictional effects and rotational feedback during brake actuation. When the rotatable actuator (40) is rotated, the balls (23) roll along the depressions (19, 43) to gradually shallower portions thereof. This moves the rotatable actuator (40) axially away from the housing (11), thereby applying a braking force to the shaft.

Abstract: A brake comprising a brake disk stack including stators alternating with rotors that are rotatable relative to the stators about an axis of the disk stack, an annular torque plate at one axial end of the brake disk stack, and a circumferential arrangement of actuators at the other axial end of the brake disk stack for urging the brake disk stack against the torque plate thereby to effect a braking force on the rotors. A back leg (33) of the annular torque plate includes a plurality of apertures (110a-110f) arranged asymmetrically around the axis of the brake disk stack.

Abstract: The invention relates to an actuator for an electromechanical brake, the actuator comprising a pusher and a first drive member arranged to move the pusher in register with a stack of disks and to apply a braking pressure to the stack of disks, the actuator including a second drive member comprising a piezoelectric assembly suitable for modulating the braking pressure applied to the stack of disks. According to the invention, the piezoelectric assembly is disposed inside the actuator so as to present an end that is stationary.

Abstract: An improved aircraft brake system and method of manufacturing the same. The system comprises a rotatable wheel axle, a heat treated stationary carbon disc secured to the wheel axle and a rotating carbon disc heat treated to a temperature substantially higher than the heat treating temperature of the stationary carbon disc and rotatably supported relative to the wheel axle and arranged parallel to the stationary carbon disc. The method comprises heat treating the rotating and stationary carbon discs to different final temperatures prior to assembly of the aircraft brake system.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for monitoring electrically-actuated aircraft brakes includes measuring the break heat pack thickness to determine wear of the brake discs and adjusting the measurement so as to give ongoing compensation for temperature variations and hence expansion of the heat pack.

Abstract: An aircraft brake assembly (10) includes a plurality of spaced carbon stators (14), one of the stators (14) being a carbon pressure plate (22), a plurality of carbon rotors (18) extending into spaces between the plurality of spaced carbon stators (14) and forming with the stators (14) a brake stack, at least one piston (20) mounted adjacent the brake stack for driving the carbon pressure plate (22) into contact with one of the plurality of carbon rotors (18), and a metal pressure plate (36) mounted between the carbon pressure plate (22) and the at least one piston (20). Also a method of braking an aircraft using such an assembly (10).

Abstract: The invention is aimed at providing a battery forklift drive unit which makes a large space unnecessary for disposing brakes in the vicinities of drive units, thereby to achieve making the vicinities of drive units compact in a battery forklift. To this end, a second gear disposed in a drive case of the drive unit is formed inside with a space in which a wet type brake section is disposed and the wet type brake section comprises an inner disk whose entire inner periphery is attached to the second gear, an outer disk which lies opposite to the inner disk and whose entire outer periphery is attached to a side of the drive case, and a pressure plate for pressing together the inner and outer disks lying opposite to each other.

Abstract: A modular brake assembly for a drive axle is proposed, comprising a multi-disk brake with a service brake element and a parking brake element, which is disposed in a brake housing (1) with inside diameter between an axle bracket and axle center component. A guide fixed to the housing is provided on the inside diameter of the brake housing (1) for the actuating device (6) for a mechanical differential lock.

Abstract: A floating-disk type brake system includes floating disk assemblies placed respectively in spaces between a rotating member, such as a wheel of a transportation machine or a rotating shaft of a machine tool, and a stationary member. Differences in rotating speed between the adjacent ones of the sliding surfaces of the floating disk assemblies in frictional sliding engagement are reduced. the floating-disk type brake system includes a first floating disk assembly 50 and a first disk assembly 60 are arranged between the ring gear 35 and the planet carrier 32 of a planetary gear built in a transmission or the like. The first floating disk assembly 50 and the first disk assembly 50 are pressed together into frictional engagement to brake a rotating shaft 23.

Abstract: A clutch or a brake of an automatic transmission comprises a plurality of main plates, a plurality of friction plates that are disposed alternatively to the plurality of main plates, and a piston selectively pressurizing the plurality of main plates, wherein each of the plurality of friction plates includes a bent portion, the piston includes a convex portion, and at least one of the bent portions is arranged in substantially parallel with the convex portion.

Abstract: An industrial brake is provided through which tension and emergency braking are initiated at opposite axial ends of the brake in order to improve packaging and maintenance of the brake and to enable the addition of an emergency brake function to existing tension brakes without substantial modifications to the brake. The brake includes a housing disposed about a driven shaft and friction plates coupled to the housing and the shaft respectively. One friction plate comprises a liquid cooled fluid jacket. One end cap assembly is disposed at one axial end of the housing and provides a tension brake function. Another end cap assembly is disposed at the opposite axial end of the housing and provides an emergency brake function.

Abstract: An annular member (20?) intended for a braking device (16?) in the form of a multiple disk brake. The annular member includes a first portion which forms a part of a brake housing of the braking device and a second portion which forms a pressure surface for the disks in the braking device. The invention also relates to an arrangement for driving a wheel of a vehicle including the annular member.

Abstract: An electrically actuated aircraft brake with a carbon-carbon composite heat pack and an electrical actuator for engaging the heat pack and operating the brake. When the brake is not being applied, the brake actuator is adjusted in dependence upon temperature, for example, by controlling the actuator to maintain a temperature regulated position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of managing an electromechanical brake actuator comprising an electric motor adapted to move a pusher against a stack of disks to apply a braking force to the stack of disks, selectively, the method comprising the step of causing the actuator to operate in a given operating domain in the current/speed plane in such a manner that the operating domain is selected to present a boundary having a portion that extends substantially along a constant power curve plotted in the current/speed plane.

Abstract: A damper apparatus includes a stationary housing defining a cavity. A damper body rotatablely installed in the cavity has a head protruding to form a cylindrical guiding portion and a pushing portion defining two side ends apart from each other and rotatable sheets and stationary sheets are respectively received in the cavity and alternately disposed on the guiding portion and the pushing portion. The stationary sheets are fixed to the stationary housing. Each of the rotatable sheets protrudes inwardly to form a retaining portion. The two side ends of the pushing portion alternately engage the retaining portions and at least two of the retaining portions are different in width so as to make the side end of the pushing portion asynchronously contact the retaining portions. Damper resin is filled between the adjacent stationary sheets and rotatable sheets.

Abstract: Braking arrangement, and vehicles upon which the braking arrangement can be incorporated. The braking arrangement including a set of at least two wet brakes (1), the brakes being adapted to produce different maximum braking force values. Each of the brakes includes a housing (4) with two housing parts (13, 14) which can be separated from one another. A disk set is enclosed in each housing and a brake piston (17) for actuating the disk set is provided for the purpose of producing a braking effect on a rotating member connected to the disk set. The disk set of a first (1) of the brakes includes a first number of disks (7, 10) which are active for braking, and the disk set of a second of the brakes, which brake is intended for a smaller maximum braking force in relation to the first brake, includes, in relation to the first number, a smaller number of disks which are active for braking of the same size as the disks in the first brake.

Abstract: A gearbox having an integral wet brake assembly is provided to replace the prior gearbox assembly of an underground mining machine. The brake housing is configured and contoured to be nestingly received upon the gearbox housing and without intrusion upon the output drive flanges. The brake housing includes concentric parking and service brake pistons adapted to engage and disengage a brake disc stack provided within a cavity machined into an end plate of the gear box assembly. An intermediate shaft of the gearbox is provided with a hub to engage the rotary discs of the brake disc stack. The parking brake is normally engaged by a spring and released by hydraulic pressure, while the service brake is normally released by a spring and engaged by hydraulic pressure.

Abstract: An aircraft wheel assembly includes a wheel (12) and a beam key (40) mounted on the wheel (12). The beam key (40) includes a body (46) having first and second longitudinally spaced ends (42, 44), an upper side (48), and a lower side (52) having a first surface (53), and a bore (60) having a first end opening (66) in the first surface and a second end opening (64). The wheel (12) includes a centerline (20), an opening (18) for receiving the body first end (42), a second surface (26) angled with respect to the centerline (20), and a wheel bore (30) coaxially aligned with the beam key bore (60) when the body first end (42) is received in the opening (18), the wheel bore (30) having a first end opening in the second surface (28). A spacer (70) must be included between the beam key (40) and the wheel (12).

Abstract: A planetary transmission for a vehicle, comprising a planet carrier, on which at least one planet wheel is mounted, a hub arranged for a vehicle wheel and connected to the planet carrier, and a static housing which is connected to the vehicle and in which the hub is mounted. A friction brake is arranged at an outer periphery of the planet carrier and is intended to brake the rotation of the planet carrier in relation to the static housing. The hub and the planet carrier are interconnected by a splined connection. According to an embodiment, an outer gear ring is arranged so as to interact with the at least one planet wheel, which outer gear ring is connected to the static housing by a second splined connection.