Abstract: A cell smearing apparatus comprising: a mixed solution container accommodation unit accommodating a mixed solution container containing a mixed solution of cells and a preservation solution; a suction unit suctioning the mixed solution from the mixed solution container accommodated in the mixed solution container accommodation unit; a sensor unit sensing variation of the mixed solution suctioned by the suction unit; and a controller controlling a suctioning speed of the suction unit based on a value sensed by the sensor unit. The present invention allows cells to be examined to be smeared as a monolayer on a slide for microscopic examination.

Abstract: There is provided an electrolyte solution for extending useful electrophoresis life of an electrophoresis gel containing Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS), at least one zwitterion, and water. The electrolyte solution may be used in buffer systems for gel electrophoresis, such as SDS-PAGE.

Abstract: There is provided an electrolyte solution for extending shelf life, and/or accelerating or improving resolution or improving transfer efficacy for blot applications, or accelerating and improving resolution, or accelerating and improving transfer efficacy of gel electrophoresis and containing Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS), at least one zwitterion, and water. The electrolyte solution may be used in buffer systems for gel electrophoresis and the preparation of gels for gel electrophoresis, such as Western blot.

Abstract: Gels, such as polyacrylamide gels, are provided that include linear polyacrylamide in the stacking gel. Native gels that include linear polyacrylamide in the stacker can be used to separate biomolecular complexes, such as protein complexes. Gel cassettes in which the gap width between front and back plates does not vary by more than 5% at the upper edge of the cassette are also provided. The gel cassettes can be used for electrophoretic separation of proteins and protein complexes on native gels, such as native gels that include linear polyacrylamide in the stacker. The native gels can have multiple wells for electrophoresing at least one sample and/or at least one molecular weight standard.

Abstract: There is provided an electrolyte solution for extending useful electrophoresis life of an electrophoresis gel containing Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS), at least one zwitterion, and water. The electrolyte solution may be used in buffer systems for gel electrophoresis, such as SDS-PAGE.

Abstract: A semi-dry, one step electroblot transfer buffer composition for rapid transfer of proteins or polypeptides from polyacrylamide gel to a suitable membrane such as nitrocellulose or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). The composition contains components that minimized electrical resistance and enabled high efficiency rapid semi-dry transfer using conventional readily available filter paper, i.e., cotton cellulose fiber.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions, methods and kits for high speed, high resolution of analytes by capillary electrophoresis starting with uncoated capillaries. The compositions comprise a sieving component, comprising a non-crosslinked acrylamide polymer, and a surface interaction component, comprising at least one uncharged and non-crosslinked water-soluble silica-adsorbing polymer. Methods for employing the novel compositions in capillary electrophoresis are provided. Kits comprising the novel compositions for use in the novel methods are also provided.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide, for example, buffer compositions and/or sieving formulations useful in connection with electrophoresis instruments, such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) devices. In various embodiments, a buffer composition can include Bis-Tris, TAPS and/or TAPSO, and, optionally, a chelating agent, such as EDTA. Methods of separating samples containing bio-molecules, such as DNA or RNA, are also described.

Abstract: Polyacrylamide gels that offer high resolution in protein separations and are more stable relative to hydrolysis than conventional polyacrylamide gels that rely on Tris or Tris-Bis as buffering agents are made by incorporating triethanolamine in place of most or all of the Tris or Tris-Bis.

Abstract: Embodiments herein concern systems, methods, compositions and apparatus for detection and/or determination of the presence and/or concentration of target molecules in a sample. In certain embodiments, target molecules can be separated and analyzed using non-gel electrophoresis technologies.

Abstract: Provided are electrokinetically-altered fluids (e.g., gas-enriched (e.g., oxygen-enriched) electrokinetic fluids) comprising an ionic aqueous solution of charge-stabilized oxygen-containing nanostructures in an amount sufficient to provide, upon contact with a cell, modulation of at least one of cellular membrane potential and cellular membrane conductivity. Further provided are the methods of making the electrokinetically-altered ionic aqueous fluid compositions. Particular aspects provide for regulating or modulating intracellular signal transduction associated by modulation of at least one of cellular membranes, membrane potential, membrane proteins such as membrane receptors, including but not limited to G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR), and intercellular junctions (e.g., tight junctions, gap junctions, zona adherins and desmasomes). Other embodiments include particular methods of producing the electrokinetically-altered fluids.

Abstract: There is provided an electrolyte solution for extending shelf life, and/or accelerating or improving resolution or improving transfer efficacy for blot applications, or accelerating and improving resolution, or accelerating and improving transfer efficacy of gel electrophoresis and containing Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS), at least one zwitterion, and water. The electrolyte solution may be used in buffer systems for gel electrophoresis and the preparation of gels for gel electrophoresis, such as Western blot.

Abstract: There is provided an electrolyte solution for extending useful electrophoresis life of an electrophoresis gel containing Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS), at least one zwitterion, and water. The electrolyte solution may be used in buffer systems for gel electrophoresis, such as SDS-PAGE.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition of a separation medium and method of its use for electrophoresis in bare channels, either capillaries or chips, with suppressed electroosmotic flow, wherein various forms of boric acid are adsorbed on the wall of said separation channel, efficiently suppressing zeta potential of the wall of said bare channel. A composition of a sieving separation medium for electrophoresis of DNA is disclosed. A composition of a sieving separation medium for electrophoretic size separation of proteins by SDS CSE is also disclosed. A composition of a separation medium for capillary electrophoresis without sieving is also disclosed.

Abstract: A gate assembly is provided including frame means for positioning in an opening through which selective entry is required. Barrier means are mountable on the frame means via hinge means and the barrier means are movable relative to the frame means between a closed position, wherein the opening is closed, to an open position, wherein the opening is open. An automatic closure mechanism is provided for moving the barrier means from the open position to the closed position without user intervention. The automatic closure mechanism is associated with the hinge means and includes at least one ramp or inclined surface on which at least part of the gate travels when moving between the open and closed positions.

Abstract: Polyacrylamide gels that offer high resolution in protein separations and are more stable relative to hydrolysis than conventional polyacrylamide gels that rely on Tris or Tris-Bis as buffering agents are made by incorporating triethanolamine in place of most or all of the Tris or Tris-Bis.

Abstract: Polyacrylamide gels that offer high resolution in protein separations and are more stable relative to hydrolysis than conventional polyacrylamide gels that rely on Tris or Tris-Bis as buffering agents are made by incorporating triethanolamine in place of most or all of the Tris or Tris-Bis.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide, for example, buffer compositions and/or sieving formulations useful in connection with electrophoresis instruments, such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) devices. In various embodiments, a buffer composition can include Bis-Tris, TAPS and/or TAPSO, and, optionally, a chelating agent, such as EDTA. Methods of separating samples containing bio-molecules, such as DNA or RNA, are also described.

Abstract: A gel and buffer system for gel electrophoresis wherein separation occurs at neutral pH.

Abstract: The invention concerns a free solution capillary electrophoresis method at alkaline pH for the analysis of samples comprising protein constituents including a lipoprotein constituent or constituents, characterized in that it comprises at least one step in which the sample is introduced into a capillary tube containing an analysis buffer, said analysis buffer further comprising at least one anionic surfactant type additive that is capable of hydrophobic interaction with the lipoprotein constituent(s) and of modifying the electrophoretic mobility. The invention also concerns a composition for capillary electrophoresis and a kit for analyzing protein constituents.

Abstract: A gel and buffer system for gel electrophoresis wherein separation occurs at neutral pH.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for free solution capillary electrophoresis at an alkaline pH to analyze samples comprising haemoglobin, in which the sample is passed through a capillary containing an analysis buffer, comprising at least one step in which the sample is introduced into a capillary tube containing a solution of analysis buffer, characterized in that the buffer is of the zwitterionic type and in that it is associated with at least one flow inhibitor. It also concerns the use of CE flow inhibitors associated with at least one zwitterionic buffer, and a kit for analyzing haemoglobin by capillary electrophoresis.

Abstract: This invention provides a display element having a reduced white color tone variation during repeated drive. This display element contains an electrolyte between opposed electrodes. The electrolyte contains silver or a compound containing silver in its chemical structure. The opposed electrodes are driven so that silver is dissolved and precipitated. The display element is characterized in that the electrolyte contains a compound represented by general formula (A) and a compound represented by general formula (1) or (2).

Abstract: A medium is provided, being adapted to be applied in electrophoretic separation of nucleic acids. The medium comprises a staining reagent adapted to stain nucleic acids. Said medium further comprises a urea derivative, adapted to interact with said staining reagent and thereby providing an enhanced staining of said nucleic acids. Further, an electrophoresis device is provided, adapted to perform electrophoretic separation of nucleic acids, comprising the before medium and comprising electrodes for applying an electrical field across the medium. A method to perform electrophoresis using the before electrophoresis device and medium is provided.

Abstract: Apparatus for conducting electrophoresis therein includes a chamber with a gel matrix. The chamber has a first sealed region and a second sealed region, and an anode within the first sealed region of the chamber and in contact with the gel matrix, and a cathode within the second sealed region and in contact with the gel matrix. At least one of the electrodes also provides ions for driving the electrophoresis. The apparatus further includes a matrix with at least one sparingly water-soluble salt.

Abstract: An integrated electrophoresis device includes a passage, a receiving opening, a removal opening, and a set of electric field generators. The passage is provided with gel and buffer solution. The receiving opening is disposed in the passage. The removal opening is also disposed in the passage. The electric field generators generate an electric field in the passage so that a plurality of charged substances in the passage migrates from the receiving opening to the removal opening.

Abstract: A process for rapid typing of yeast, parasites and bacteria is provided. It comprises the following steps: a) Preparing immobilized intact DNA in 5 to 60 minutes aided by a method involving a reagent kit that only contains buffer solution, a detergent, a metal chelating agent and an agent to disrupt the hydrogen bonds. b) Separating intact DNA molecules or their restriction fragments in miniequipments for Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis of the CHEF (Contour Clamped Homogeneous Electric Field) and TAFE (Transversal Alternating Field Electrophoresis) systems in times comprised between 2.5 and 7 hours. c) Selecting the optimal conditions that should be set in miniCHEF with the aid of a method to simulate the electrophoresis patterns d) Providing reorientation times, migration velocities and sizes of the molecules calculated with the aid of a method to analyze the migrated distances without the use of size markers.

Abstract: Provided are electrokinetically-altered fluids (e.g., gas-enriched (e.g., oxygen-enriched) electrokinetic fluids) comprising an ionic aqueous solution of charge-stabilized oxygen-containing nanostructures in an amount sufficient to provide, upon contact with a cell, modulation of at least one of cellular membrane potential and cellular membrane conductivity. Further provided are the methods of making the electrokinetically-altered ionic aqueous fluid compositions. Particular aspects provide for regulating or modulating intracellular signal transduction associated by modulation of at least one of cellular membranes, membrane potential, membrane proteins such as membrane receptors, including but not limited to G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR), and intercellular junctions (e.g., tight junctions, gap junctions, zona adherins and desmasomes). Other embodiments include particular methods of producing the electrokinetically-altered fluids.

Abstract: A medium is provided, being adapted to be applied in electrophoretic separation of nucleic acids. The medium comprises a staining reagent adapted to stain nucleic acids. Said medium further comprises a urea derivative, adapted to interact with said staining reagent and thereby providing an enhanced staining of said nucleic acids. Further, an electrophoresis device is provided, adapted to perform electrophoretic separation of nucleic acids, comprising the before medium and comprising electrodes for applying an electrical field across the medium. A method to perform electrophoresis using the before electrophoresis device and medium is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a gel for use in electrophoresis, which method comprises: (a) providing a mixture comprising a solvent, agarose or a derivative thereof, one or more vinyl monomers, and a polymerisation initiator, the initiator forming a redox system with agarose or the derivative thereof; (b) exposing the mixture to polymerisation conditions to graft-polymerise the one or more monomers onto the agarose or derivative thereof; and (c) allowing the mixture to form a gel.

Abstract: Capillary electrophoresis systems, reagents, and processes for analyzing a sample which includes at least one protein constituent are disclosed. The processes involve introducing the sample into a capillary tube containing a buffer system, wherein said buffer system includes at least one additive having a hydrophobic interaction with said at least one protein constituent and providing said at least one protein constituent with at least one negative charge thereby modifying the electrophoretic mobility.

Abstract: A series of low molarity conductive media based on non-buffering univalent cations, such as sodium chloride-sodium acetate (SCA), sodium boric acid (SB), lithium boric acid, and lithium acetate mitigate the “runaway” positive feedback heating loop produced by conventional media containing biological amine buffers and permit improved DNA electrophoresis under the conditions of low salt concentration. These media serve well in ultra-fast DNA electrophoresis and in high-resolution separations of RNA and DNA fragments.

Abstract: The present invention relates a method of electrophoretic separation of protein and/or peptide components of a sample in a convection stabilized medium. More specifically, the method comprises the steps to contact the sample with the separation medium; to apply a voltage across said medium; and to observe the results by analysis of one or more sections of the separation medium. In the present method, a disulphide-comprising compound is added before or during the procedure to make an excess of reactive disulphide groups accessible to react with the cysteine groups of the proteins and/or peptides all through the separation procedure. The present invention also relates to electrophoretic separation media that comprises reactive disulphide groups, such as polyacrylamide gels, and the use of a solution that comprises reactive disulphide groups to pretreat an electrophoretic separation medium.

Abstract: pK-matched buffers, each containing two effective buffering components: one weak base and one weak acid which have similar pKa at 25° C. (within 0.3 pK units). On agarose gels, the buffers in various concentrations were tested for separation of double-stranded DNA fragments with various DNA markers, agarose gel concentrations, and field strengths. Mobility was inversely proportional to the logarithm of molecular weight. The buffers provided high resolution without smearing at more dilute concentration than is possible with standard TAE (Tris/Acetate, pH 8.0) or TBE (Tris/Borate, pH 8.3) buffers. The buffers were also tested in 7M urea denaturing LongRanger™ sequencing gels and in non-denaturing polyacrylamide SSCP gels. The pK-matched buffers provide good separation and high resolution, at a broad range of potential pH values.

Abstract: A novel class of capillary electrophoresis probes and a method of employing the same are described. The novel class of capillary electrophoresis probes are comprised of one or more vinylogous carboxylic acid compounds or their derivatives. In another aspect of the present invention, a method of detecting ions in water by capillary electrophoresis is provided wherein: water is introduced into a capillary filled with an electrolyte which contains UV absorbing species comprised of one or more vinylogous carboxylic acid compounds. An electric voltage is applied along the capillary to cause ions present in the water to move along the capillary and separate. The ions displace the UV absorbing species and are detected indirectly by a UV/visible light photometric detector.

Abstract: Highly hydrophobic compounds and hydrophobic proteins are solubilized in a non-aqueous solvent containing an electrolyte for electrophoretic separation. The non-aqueous solvent is an ionic liquid or a mixture of an organic solvent containing an ionic liquid in an amount to render the solvent electrically conductive and amenable for electrophoretic separation. The hydrophobic proteins are separated by electrophoresis using an electrophoresis gel that is compatible with the organic solvent and ionic liquid.

Abstract: A precast acrylamide electrophoresis gel is disclosed, which includes a gel buffer solution containing either Tris and glycine or Tris, glycine and any one or more than two of ampholytes, and a monobasic acid, titrated to a specified pH range. With the gels constituted as stated earlier, proteins can be successfully subjected to electrophoresis using the commonly available Laemmli's buffer system, while the DNA can be also satisfactorily run on the gel using the electrophoresis electrode solution containing Tris, chelating agent, and any one acid of acetic acid, phosphoric acid and boric acid. In either of protein and DNA analyses, the gels even after stored under refrigeration more than six months are fully comparable in resolution and clearness of electrophoretic pattern to the gels just after being prepared.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for executing the method and separation media for separating particles in free-flow electrophoresis.

Abstract: Highly hydrophobic compounds and hydrophobic proteins are solubilized in a non-aqueous solvent containing an electrolyte for electrophoretic separation. The non-aqueous solvent is an ionic liquid or a mixture of an organic solvent containing an ionic liquid in an amount to render the solvent electrically conductive and amenable for electrophoretic separation. The hydrophobic proteins are separated by electrophoresis using an electrophoresis gel that is compatible with the organic solvent and ionic liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates a method of electrophoretic separation of protein and/or peptide components of a sample in a convection stabilised medium. More specifically, the method comprises the steps to contact the sample with the separation medium; to apply a voltage across said medium; and to observe the results by analysis of one or more sections of the separation medium. In the present method, a disulphide-comprising compound is added before or during the procedure to make an excess of reactive disulphide groups accessible to react with the cysteine groups of the proteins and/or peptides all through the separation procedure. The present invention also relates to electrophoretic separation media that comprises reactive disulphide groups, such as polyacrylamide gels, and the use of a solution that comprises reactive disulphide groups to pretreat an electrophoretic separation medium.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide, for example, buffer compositions and/or sieving formulations useful in connection with electrophoresis instruments, such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) devices. In various embodiments, a buffer composition can include Bis-Tris, TAPS and/or TAPSO, and, optionally, a chelating agent, such as EDTA. Methods of separating samples containing bio-molecules, such as DNA or RNA, are also described.

Abstract: The invention concerns a composition for use in a process for separating the constituents of a sample by electrophoresis on an electrophoresis support, comprising one or more ionic compounds which, on applying an electric field to an electrophoresis support having negative surface charges, causes hydration of the zone for loading the sample to be separated when said zone carries a compression mark resulting from loading the sample.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for conducting electrophoresis, includes a cassette, gel, and electrolyte solution in contact with the gel. The electrolyte solution has high capacity and low conductivity properties, so that low volumes of electrolyte solution can be used.

Abstract: An electrolyte (70) for use in a single-use biomedical electrode assembly (A, B, C, D) designed for receiving body-generated electrical signals at a patient's skin surface includes: Component Range (%) Skin penetration agent 10-25  Thickener 0-10 Alkali metal or alkaline earth 1-13 metal chloride Alkali metal or alkali earth 1-13 metal nitrate Surfactant 0.001-5    Soluble silver salt, as silver   0-0.01 Buffer 0-10 Water Q.S. The skin penetration agent improves penetration of the outer, dead skin layers by the electrolyte, thereby improving pickup of minute electrical signals generated within the patient's body. A preferred skin penetration agent includes sodium 2-pyrrolidone-5 carboxylate at a concentration of 15-20% by weight of the electrolyte composition.

Abstract: A polyacrylamide gel utilising a buffer system comprising Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane at the concentration range 0.15 to 0.25 M titrated with hydrochloric acid to a pH between 6.5 and 7.5. The gel is substantially stable to polyacrylamide hydrolysis during storage for at extended periods and has an acceptable shelf-life of at least 6 months after storage at about 4° C.

Abstract: A gel and buffer system for gel electrophoresis wherein separation occurs at neutral pH.

Abstract: A gel and buffer system for gel electrophoresis wherein the gel buffer has an approximately neutral pH.

Abstract: A gel and buffer system for gel electrophoresis wherein separation occurs at neutral pH.

Abstract: A buffer system for conducting discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis comprises a separation gel buffer solution, an anodic electrode solution and a cathodic electrode solution. According to the invention, the separation gel buffer contains a base having a pK value of 8.8 or higher and an acid which titrates the pH of the gel buffer to a pH value lower than 8, and the cathodic electrode solution contains an ampholyte or weak acid having a pK value of 9.4 or higher.

Abstract: A gel and buffer system for gel electrophoresis wherein separation occurs at neutral pH.