Bath Contains Halide Other Than Sodium Chloride Patents (Class 205/409)
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Patent number: 10033069Abstract: A cell cathode compartment comprises a granule bed comprising metal granules, metal halide granules, and sodium halide granules, a separator adjacent to the granule bed, a liquid electrolyte dispersed in the granule bed, and a porous absorbent disposed in the granule bed, wherein a transverse cross-sectional distribution of the porous absorbent in the granule bed varies in a longitudinal direction from a first position to a second position. In another embodiment, a cell cathode compartment comprises a granule bed comprising metal granules, metal halide granules, and sodium halide granules, a separator adjacent to the granule bed, a liquid electrolyte dispersed in the granule bed, and a porous absorbent coating on a surface adjacent to the granule bed.Type: GrantFiled: July 31, 2013Date of Patent: July 24, 2018Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Manikandan Ramani, Edward James Balaschak, Robert Christie Galloway, Raymond R. Cole, Jonathan Adam Bielik
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Patent number: 7964146Abstract: The ability to switch at will between amperometric measurements and potentiometric measurements provides great flexibility in performing analyses of unknowns. Apparatus and methods can provide such switching to collect data from an electrochemical cell. The cell may contain a reagent disposed to measure glucose in human blood.Type: GrantFiled: April 15, 2005Date of Patent: June 21, 2011Assignee: AgaMatrix, Inc.Inventors: Ian Harding, Sridhar G. Iyengar, Baoguo Wei, Sonny Vu, Eileen Huang, Joseph Flaherty, Steven Diamond, Martin Forest
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Patent number: 7931794Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for electrolytic fabrication of cells. A cell can be formed of a silicon layer (cathode) sandwiched between layers of glass. One or more holes are formed in the silicon layer. An alkali metal enriched glass material is placed in or associated with the one or more holes. Electrolysis is used to make the alkali metal ions in the alkali metal enriched glass material combine with electrons from the silicon cathode to form neutral alkali metal atoms in the one or more holes.Type: GrantFiled: November 2, 2006Date of Patent: April 26, 2011Assignee: Princeton UniversityInventors: William Happer, Yuan-Yu Jau, Fei Gong, Katharine Estelle Jensen
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Patent number: 7897028Abstract: Disclosed herein is an improved method for regenerating materials from a desulfurization/demetallation reaction. The desulfurization/demetallation reaction preferably has products including one or more of an alkali sulfide, polysulfide or hydrosulfide, or alkali earth sulfide, polysulfide, or hydrosulfide. The method includes the steps of reacting the desulfurization/demetallation products with a halogen, liberating and removing sulfur from the product, and then electrolyzing the halogenated products to separate the halogen from the alkali metal or alkali earth metal.Type: GrantFiled: January 20, 2005Date of Patent: March 1, 2011Assignee: Ceramatec, Inc.Inventors: John H. Gordon, Ashok V. Joshi
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Patent number: 7608178Abstract: Electro-winning of active metal (e.g., lithium) ions from a variety of sources including industrial waste, and recycled lithium and lithium-ion batteries is accomplished with an electrolyzer having a protected cathode that is stable against aggressive solvents, including water, aqueous electrolytes, acid, base, and a broad range of protic and aprotic solvents. The electrolyzer has a highly ionically conductive protective membrane adjacent to the alkali metal cathode that effectively isolates (de-couples) the alkali metal electrode from solvent, electrolyte processing and/or cathode environments, and at the same time allows ion transport in and out of these environments. Isolation of the cathode from other components of a battery cell or other electrochemical cell in this way allows the use of virtually any solvent, electrolyte and/or anode material in conjunction with the cathode. The electrolyzer can be configured and operated to claim or reclaim lithium or other active metals from such sources.Type: GrantFiled: November 10, 2004Date of Patent: October 27, 2009Assignee: PolyPlus Battery CompanyInventors: Lutgard De Jonghe, Steven J. Visco, Yevgeniy S. Nimon
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Patent number: 7361276Abstract: A method of enhancing the concentration of a first inorganic compound in a first aqueous solution of a first process of a heavy chemical plant, the method comprising (a) feeding the first solution having the first compound at a first concentration and a first water vapor pressure to an osmotic membrane distillation means comprising a hydrophobic, gas and water vapor permeable membrane separating (i) a first chamber for receiving the first solution, from (ii) a second chamber for receiving a receiver feed aqueous solution having a second water vapor pressure lower than the first water vapor pressure; (b) feeding the receiver aqueous feed solution to the second chamber as to effect transfer of water vapor through the membrane from the first chamber to the second chamber, and to produce (i) a resultant first solution having a second concentration of the first compound greater than the first concentration and (ii) a diluted receiver feed aqueous solution; and (c) collecting the resultant first solution.Type: GrantFiled: June 1, 2005Date of Patent: April 22, 2008Assignee: Aker Kvaemer Canada Inc.Inventors: Zbigniew Twardowski, Thomas S. Drackett, Dmitri Bessarabov, Peter E. Fetissoff
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Publication number: 20040178080Abstract: A low temperature alkali metal electrolysis process is provided. The process comprises carrying out the electrolysis in the presence of a co-electrolyte and an alkali metal halide. The co-electrolyte comprises (1) a nitrogen-containing compound and optionally one ore more Group IB halides, Group IIIA halides, Group VIII halides; (2) a Group IIIA halide, a Group VB halide, or combinations of a Group IIIA halide and a Group VB halide; or (3) water. Also provided is a low temperature electrolysis process, which comprises carrying out the process using a cathode that comprises (1) a liquid alkali metal; (2) an alloy of two or more metals selected from the group consisting of bismuth, lead, tin, antimony, indium, gallium, thallium, and cadmium; or (3) an electrically conductive liquid solvated alkali metal.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 26, 2004Publication date: September 16, 2004Inventors: Jeffery S. Thompson, Howard M. Blank, Walter John Simmons, Oswald Robert Bergmann
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Patent number: 6787019Abstract: A low temperature electrolysis process that can be used for producing an alkali metal from an alkali metal halide is provided, which comprises electrolyzing an electrolyte composition comprising at least one alkali metal halide and a co-electrolyte comprising (a) a halide or halides of Group IIIA, Group IB, or Group VIII metals and (b) a halide-donating compound.Type: GrantFiled: November 21, 2001Date of Patent: September 7, 2004Assignee: E. I. du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: Stephen Ernest Jacobson, Dennie Turin Mah
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Patent number: 6730210Abstract: A low temperature alkali metal electrolysis process is provided. The process comprises carrying out the electrolysis in the presence of a co-electrolyte and an alkali metal halide. The co-electrolyte comprises (1) a nitrogen-containing compound and optionally one ore more Group IB halides, Group IIIA halides, Group VIII halides; (2) a Group IIIA halide, a Group VB halide, or combinations of a Group IIIA halide and a Group VB halide; or (3) water. Also provided is a low temperature electrolysis process, which comprises carrying out the process using a cathode that comprises (1) a liquid alkali metal; (2) an alloy of two or more metals selected from the group consisting of bismuth, lead, tin, antimony, indium, gallium, thallium, and cadmium; or (3) an electrically conductive liquid solvated alkali metal.Type: GrantFiled: January 14, 2002Date of Patent: May 4, 2004Assignee: E. I. du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: Jeffery S. Thompson, Howard M. Blank, Walter John Simmons, Oswald Robert Bergmann
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Patent number: 6669836Abstract: An electrolysis process is provided which comprises carrying out the process in an electrolyte that comprises an alkali metal halide and a strontium halide. The process can be carried out at a current density in the range of from about 7 to about 10 kA/m2.Type: GrantFiled: May 18, 2001Date of Patent: December 30, 2003Assignee: New Mexico Tech Research FoundationInventors: Stephen John Keppler, Thomas A. Messing, Kevin Bernard Proulx, Davendra Kumar Jain
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Publication number: 20030015434Abstract: A process for purification of molten salt electrolytes containing magnesium chloride in which oxygen-containing impurities such as magnesium hydroxychloride are destroyed both electrolytically and chemically. The process comprises passing a direct current through a magnesium chloride-containing molten salt electrolyte, thereby electrolyzing a portion of the oxygen-containing impurities at the anode. In addition, the voltage and current of the direct current are sufficiently high to cause electrolysis of a small proportion of the magnesium chloride present in the electrolyte to thereby produce finely dispersed droplets of elemental magnesium in the electrolyte. The droplets of elemental magnesium react chemically with oxygen-containing impurities present in the electrolyte. The purified electrolyte is transferred to an electrolytic cell for the production of magnesium metal and chlorine gas.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 18, 2001Publication date: January 23, 2003Applicant: Hatch Associates Ltd.Inventors: Roger C. Urquhart, Roman Deshko, Sami Mourad
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Patent number: 6368486Abstract: A low temperature alkali metal electrolysis process for carrying out the electrolysis in the presence of a co-electrolyte and an alkali metal halide. The co-electrolyte comprises (1) a nitrogen-containing compound and optionally one ore more Group IB halides, Group IIIA halides, Group VIII halides; (2) a Group IIIA halide, a Group VB halide, or combinations of a Group IIIA halide and a Group VB halide; or (3) water. Further provided is an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal halide and a co-electrolyte that comprises (1) a nitrogen-containing compound and optionally one ore more Group IB halides, Group IIIA halides, Group VIII halides or (2) a Group IIIA halide, a Group VB halide, or combinations of a Group IIIA halide and a Group VB halide.Type: GrantFiled: March 28, 2000Date of Patent: April 9, 2002Assignee: E. I. du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: Jeffrey S. Thompson, Howard M. Blank, Walter John Simmons, Oswald Robert Bergmann
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Patent number: 6235183Abstract: A process for preparing sodium and aluminum chloride electrochemically is described in which, in an electrolytic cell containing aluminum as an anode and sodium as a cathode which are separated from one another by a sodium ion-conducting solid electrolyte, a fused electrolyte essentially containing sodium tetrachloroaluminate is electrolyzed in the anode compartment, aluminum chloride formed in this process is evaporated from the electrolytic cell and sodium is removed from the cathode compartment.Type: GrantFiled: January 27, 1998Date of Patent: May 22, 2001Assignee: Basf AktiengesellschaftInventors: Hermann Pütter, Günther Huber, Luise Spiske, Hans Stark, Dieter Schläfer, Gerhard Pforr
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Patent number: 6117303Abstract: Lithium chloride improves electrolytic cell efficiency and performance when included in the electrolyte. Self-aligning cell diaphragms improve cell efficiency and reduce maintenance.Type: GrantFiled: December 14, 1999Date of Patent: September 12, 2000Assignee: E. I. du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: Oswald Robert Bergmann, Howard M. Blank, Russell Bertrum Diemer, Jr., David Jain, Thomas A. Messing, Walter John Simmons