Abstract: Methods that may be used for the electrochemical detection of multiple parameters, including chemical compounds. Further provided are cells that may be used in the electrochemical detection of multiple parameters, including chemical compounds, as well as a kit for the electrochemical detection of multiple parameters, including chemical compounds.

Abstract: A reagent composition containing GDH-PQQ as an enzyme-co-factor and screen-printed on working and counter electrodes of electrochemical biosensors, maintains activity of the enzyme reagents by proper selection of components. A preferred composition includes hydrophilic polymers, amorphous untreated silica, buffers, surfactants, and a mediator.

Abstract: Various embodiments for a method that allow for a more accurate analyte concentration with a biosensor by determining at least one physical characteristic of the sample and determining whether at least one output transient signal of the biosensor is erroneous by monitoring the biosensor and flagging an error if the signal outputs of the biosensor do not meet certain criteria.

Abstract: Various embodiments that allow a more accurate electrochemical test strip measurement by identifying erroneous output signals during a glucose measurement thereby ensuring a much more accurate glucose test system.

Abstract: Various embodiments that allow a more accurate electrochemical test strip measurement by identifying erroneous output signals during a glucose measurement thereby ensuring a much more accurate glucose test system.

Abstract: A device for reading the sequence of a polymer, consisting of a first electrode and a second electrode, each electrode being functionalized with a reader molecule strongly bonded to the electrodes, but forming weak bonds with a molecule to be sequenced. In particular, the reader molecule is designed to form bonds with at least two points on the target molecule such that the target molecule is trapped between a first reader molecule on one electrode and a second reader molecule on the second electrode, with the overall size of the molecular complex being small enough to permit significant electric current to flow.

Abstract: Present invention concerns generally to a sensor or a sensor system for detecting spilling of aqueous liquids, for instance in confined spaces were such is critical such in an airplane. The system of present invention is an early warning system or sentinel for the prevention of corrosion by corrosive liquids. Corrosion caused by corrosive liquids can rapidly change the surface properties of components in engineering structures, and that will finally endanger the functionality of structural parts. However, if monitoring technologies are in place providing continuous information on the presence of corrosive liquids, corrosion treatment and even corrosion prevention can start at a very early stage. Present invention provides such by early detection of corrosive liquids by extended sensors based on the collapse of percolation conductivity (COPC).

Abstract: The system includes an electronic measuring apparatus for receiving an electrochemical sensor including a substrate that carries the current collectors for connecting the measuring and reference electrodes to the measuring apparatus. The measuring electrode is coated with a reagent including at least the specific enzyme of the biological compound to be analysed in a body fluid. The measuring apparatus can impose at least two different temperatures to enable the signal from the compound to be analysed from those of other biological compounds interfering with the signal. Application to measuring glucose in the blood with glucose dehydrogenase as the enzyme, without interference with maltose.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved electrochemical biosensor strips and methods for determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample. By selectively measuring a measurable species residing in a diffusion barrier layer, to the substantial exclusion of the measurable species residing exterior to the diffusion barrier layer, measurement errors introduced by sample constituents, such as red blood cells, and manufacturing variances may be reduced.

Abstract: There is provided a biosensor measurement system which can output a highly-precise measurement result even when an impact such as falling of the sensor occurs or the biosensor is an exposed sensor. An abnormal waveform detection electrode is provided in addition to electrodes for quantitative determination of a target substance. Therefore, when an impact is caused by such as falling of the sensor in a halt period where no voltage is applied in a voltage application algorithm, the abnormal waveform detection electrode can detect the impact. Further, also an exposed sensor can be detected by the abnormal waveform which is detected by the abnormal waveform detection electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition which reduces the measurement error caused by the effect of hematocrit in a biosensor and to a biosensor comprising the same. Specifically, the invention relates to a reagent composition comprising an enzyme, an electron transfer mediator, a water-soluble polymer, and bile acid, and to a biosensor comprising a reagent layer formed of the composition. The reagent layer reduces the measurement error caused by the effect of hematocrit in the biosensor.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention relates to a biochip comprising at least two measurement electrodes, a synthesis electrode, a ground electrode, a gap between the at least two measurement electrodes, a porous dielectric isolation layer and a gel comprising a probe in the gap, wherein the porous dielectric isolation layer is between the synthesis electrode and the gel. Yet other embodiments relate to the method of manufacturing the biochip and using the biochip for electrical detection of bio-species.

Abstract: A test sensor reagent for measuring the concentration of analytes in body fluids includes cellulose polymers for improving the stability of the test sensor and reducing the total assay time. The test sensor reagent also includes an enzyme, an electron transfer mediator and a rheological additive.

Abstract: Described and illustrated herein are one exemplary method and a measurement system having a meter and a test strip. The test strip has a first working electrode, reference electrode and second working electrode. In this method, acceptable fill data from known first current and known second current are used to predict an estimated second current at proximate the second time period (for a given batch of test strips) during the test sequence. The estimated second current at proximate the second time interval is then compared with a measured actual second current at proximate the second time interval during an actual test to determine if the measured actual second current is substantially equal to or within an acceptable percent deviation from the estimated second current so as to determine sufficient volume of a physiological fluid sample in the test strip.

Abstract: A two-electrode detection system having target substrates including nucleic acids, proteins, and/or small molecules on specifically defined regions of a single surface. The spatial distribution of the target substrate on the surface allows for more accurate substrate interactions and analysis. Additionally, the detection system of the present invention allows for patterning of different target substrates, thereby affording more accurate analysis of multiple substrate targets.

Abstract: An electrochemical-based analytical test strip for the determination of an analyte (e.g., glucose) in a bodily fluid sample (such as a whole blood sample) includes an electrically insulating base layer and a patterned conductor layer (for example, a gold patterned conductor layer) disposed over the electrically-insulating layer. The patterned conductor layer includes at least one electrode with the electrode having electrochemically inert areas and an electrochemically active area(s). Moreover, the electrochemically inert areas and electrochemically active area(s) are of a predetermined size and a predetermined distribution such that electrochemical response of the electrode during use of the electrochemical-based analytical test strip is essentially equivalent to a predetermined electrochemical response.

Abstract: Methods for determining a concentration of an analyte in a sample, and the devices and systems used in conjunction with the same, are provided herein. In one exemplary embodiment of a method for determining a concentration of an analyte in a sample, a sample including an analyte is provided in a sample analyzing device having a working and a counter electrode. An electric potential is applied between the electrodes and a measurement of a parameter correlating to changes in a physical property of the sample analyzing device is calculated. A concentration of the analyte in view of the parameter correlating to a change in the physical property can then be determined Systems and devices that take advantage of the parameter correlating to changes in a physical property to make analyte concentration determinations are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for forming an electrode, an electrochemical sensor comprising the same, and a method for determining an analyte using the electrochemical sensor.

Abstract: This invention discloses a reagent composition for a biosensor having high sensitivity which is capable of improving analysis linearity of an analyte such as glucose by reacting an oxidoreductase, a metal-containing complex, and Naphthol Green B, and minimizing blood necessary for measuring blood glucose since it is possible to detect a concentration of a small amount of the analyte, and a biosensor having the same. The reagent composition for a biosensor includes at least two kinds of electron transfer mediators including Naphthol Green B, and an enzyme.

Abstract: A method of distinguishing a control solution from a sample in an electrochemical test sensor is performed. The method includes adding a control marker to the control solution. The control solution includes the control marker and analyte. The test sensor includes working and counter electrodes, and a reagent. A potential is applied to the test sensor to oxidize the control marker and the analyte. The resulting electrical current is measured. A potential is applied to the test sensor lower than the other potential in which the potential is sufficient to oxidize the analyte and not the control marker. The resulting electrical current is measured. Determining whether a control solution or a sample is present based on the measured electrical currents. To increase the measured current, a salt may be added to the control solution in an amount sufficient to increase the electrical current by at least 5% as compared to a control solution in the absence of a salt.

Abstract: An eye-mountable device includes an electrochemical sensor embedded in a polymeric material configured for mounting to a surface of an eye. The electrochemical sensor applies a stabilization voltage between a working electrode and a reference electrode to allow the amperometric current to stabilize before powering measurement electronics configured to measure the amperometric current and communicate the measured amperometric current. The electrochemical sensor consumes less power while applying the stabilization voltage than during the measurement. The measurement is initiated in response to receiving a measurement signal at an antenna in the eye-mountable device.

Abstract: Various embodiments for a method, systems and meters that allow for a more accurate analyte concentration with a biosensor by determining at least one physical characteristic of the sample and compensating for the effects of ambient temperature with a defined relationship between temperature in the environment, the meter or the biosensor.

Abstract: Various embodiments for a method that allow for a more accurate analyte concentration with a biosensor by determining at least one physical characteristic of the sample and determining whether a sample fill condition is erroneous by monitoring the working electrodes and flagging an error if the signal outputs of the working electrodes do not meet certain thresholds.

Abstract: Disclosed are a blood sugar detecting method and a cartridge using same. A cartridge according to the present invention comprises: a blood receiving unit for receiving blood injected therein; a separation unit for separating the received blood into glucose and hemoglobin; a first measuring unit for measuring the concentration of the separated glucose; a second measuring unit for measuring the concentration of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in the hemoglobin; and a third measuring unit connected to a second channel, for measuring the total concentration of hemoglobin. According to the present invention, both glucose providing short-term information on blood sugar and hemoglobin A1c providing long-term information on blood sugar can be detected by a single cartridge, thus increasing the efficiency of diabetes management.

Abstract: A physiological measurement system includes a biosensor providing a signal for a fluid sample. A processor determines a physiological parameter in the form of an analyte concentration using the signal from the biosensor. A network interface conveys data between the processor and a social network. The processor can transmit a query for analyte-data-request records to the social network, receive an indication of an analyte-data-request record from the social network, and transmit the determined analyte data or physiologic data to the social network in response to the indication. The processor can alternatively retrieve user credentials from a storage device, transmit the credentials and the analyte data to the social network, retrieve from the social network different-user response data corresponding to the transmission, and present an indication of the response data. Methods for processing analyte or physiologic data are also described.

Abstract: A glucose measurement system includes a display and a biosensor that provides a signal representative of a glucose level of a fluid sample. A processor determines glucose data values and a rate of change of blood glucose using the signal. The processor can determine a state band and a rate band using the values and rate, and display a state icon colored per the state band and a rate icon colored and shaped per the rate band. The processor does not display any other indication of the determined rate of change or of any of the stored glucose data values. The processor can also display a unified icon shaped per the rate of change, with a prevailing color determined using the values. The processor does not display any other indication of the determined rate of change or of any of the stored glucose data values. Corresponding methods are also described.

Abstract: Methods of determining a corrected analyte concentration in view of some error source are provided herein. The methods can be utilized for the determination of various analytes and/or various sources of error. In one example, the method can be configured to determine a corrected glucose concentration in view of an extreme level of hematocrit found within the sample. In other embodiments, methods are provided for identifying various system errors and/or defects. For example, such errors can include partial-fill or double-fill situations, high track resistance, and/or sample leakage. Systems are also provided for determining a corrected analyte concentration and/or detecting some system error.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sensor for detecting the presence of a botulinum neurotoxin in a sample, the sensor comprising: (a) an electrically conductive substrate coated with at least one SNAP-25, VAMP or syntaxin protein; and (b) a detection arrangement adapted to enable the detection of the cleavage of at least one SNAP-25, VAMP or syntaxin protein by the botulinum neurotoxin. The invention also relates to methods of making a sensor, methods of detecting and a detection kit for botulinum neurotoxin.

Abstract: An electrochemical test sensor (10) for determining an analyte in a fluid sample, includes a base (12) and a second layer. The base (12) includes a plurality of electrodes (30,32), a working conductive lead (42) and a counter conductive lead (40) thereon. The electrodes include a working electrode (32) and a counter electrode (30). The second layer (20) assists in forming a channel (22) in which the channel includes a reagent therein. Auto-calibration information of the test sensor is performed by a plurality of auto-calibration segments (75) connected to one of the following: the working conductive lead (42), the counter conductive lead (40), or neither of the conductive leads, at least one of the plurality of auto-calibration segments (75a) being connected to the working conductive lead (42) and at least one of the plurality of auto-calibration segments (75b) being connected to the counter conductive lead (40).

Abstract: A flux limiting layer for an intravenous amperometric biosensor is formed on a substrate to limit a diffusion rate of an analyte from blood to an enzyme electrode. The layer may be formed from ethylene vinylacetate (EVA) dissolved in a solvent such as paraxylene, spray-coated to cover a portion of the electrode, and cured to seal the electrode to the substrate. In a glucose sensor having glucose oxidase disposed on the electrode, thickness and concentration of the EVA layer are optimized to promote a linear output of electrode current as a function of blood glucose concentration.

Abstract: The invention provides a chip for use in a microfluidic analysis system, for example a patch-clamp system, said chip having improved cell adhesion through a predetermined pattern of hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. A method for manufacture of the chips, and a method for improving the adhesion of a cell to a chip are also disclosed.

Abstract: A sensor designed to determine the amount and concentration of analyte in a sample having a volume of less than about 1 ?L. The sensor has a working electrode coated with a non-leachable redox mediator. The redox mediator acts as an electron transfer agent between the analyte and the electrode. In addition, a second electron transfer agent, such as an enzyme, can be added to facilitate the electrooxidation or electroreduction of the analyte. The redox mediator is typically a redox compound bound to a polymer. The preferred redox mediators are air-oxidizable. The amount of analyte can be determined by coulometry. One particular coulometric technique includes the measurement of the current between the working electrode and a counter or reference electrode at two or more times. The charge passed by this current to or from the analyte is correlated with the amount of analyte in the sample. Other electrochemical detection methods, such as amperometric, voltammetric, and potentiometric techniques, can also be used.

Abstract: Nanoscale probes for forming stable, non-destructive seals with cell membranes. The probes, systems including these probes, and methods of fabricating and using the probes described herein may be used to sense from, stimulate, modify, or otherwise effect individual cells or groups of cells. In particular, described herein are nanoscale cellular probes that may be used to fuse with, and in some variations span, the lipid membrane of a cell to provide stable and long lasting contact to the cell. Thus, the probes described herein may be used as part of a system, method or device that would benefit from stable, non-destructive access to and across a cell membrane. In some variations the nanoscale probe devices or systems described herein may be used as part of a drug screening procedure.

Abstract: Nanoelectronic devices for the detection and quantification of biomolecules are provided. In certain embodiments, the devices are configured to detect and measure blood glucose levels. Also provided are methods of fabricating nanoelectronic devices for the detection of biomolecules.

Abstract: Bioelectrochemical Systems (BES) for use as Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) sensors, systems incorporating BES sensors for measuring BOD, and methods of using the sensors and systems for measuring BOD. The disclosed sensors are inexpensive to construct, long-lasting, have a fast response, and a large dynamic range. The invention includes biological oxygen demand (BOD) sensors which incorporate at least three working electrodes, at least one counter electrode, a reservoir for dilution fluid, and a sensor for measuring an electric current or a voltage which flows from the working electrodes to the counter electrode. The BOD sensors will typically also include at least one electrically active microbe disposed in proximity to the working electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and a method for parallel recording of impedance spectra and field potential of cells in vitro.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are biosensor systems and related methods for detecting analytes in aqueous and biologic environments. A biosensor system for detecting binding of an analyte of interest may include a detector configured to detect a change in an electrical property on a surface thereof. The detector may be a FET. The system also may include a passive layer disposed on a top surface of the detector. Further, the system may include a hydrophobic layer disposed on the passive layer. The system also may include a receptor-attachment material configured for binding to an analyte. A receptor may bind to the analyte, and the receptor may be attached to the receptor-attachment material. The binding of the analyte to the receptor can cause the change of the electrical property at the surface. In response to the change for example, a current may change for indicating the binding of the analyte to the receptor.

Abstract: Various embodiments for systems and methods that allow for a more accurate analyte concentration with a biosensor by obtaining two calibration codes, one for batch calibration due to manufacturing variations and the other for time calibration due to measured physical characteristics of the fluid sample.

Abstract: Various embodiments for methods and systems that allow for a more accurate analyte concentration with a biosensor by determining at least one physical characteristic of the sample containing the analyte and deriving one of a batch slope, sampling time, or combinations thereof to attain accurate glucose concentration.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to electro-optical sensors, to sensor kits and methods for detecting an analyte in a sample.

Abstract: A biosensor measurement system and a method for detecting abnormal measurement in a biosensor, which can significantly enhance the measurement precision without depending on the user's operation manner or the like, can be provided. A voltage application pattern for applying a voltage to a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a detection electrode has a halt period between a first application period and a second application period, and a reduction current measurement value obtained in the first application period is compared with a reduction current measurement value obtained in the second application period, and the measurement values are not outputted when a difference between the measurement values is outside a predetermined range.

Abstract: Glucose and ATP biosensors have important applications in diagnostics and research. Combining single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with Pt nanoparticles can significantly enhance the performance of electrochemical biosensors. This disclosure illustrates the use of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) to modify SWCNTs to increase SWCNT solubility in water. Multiple embodiments with this configuration allows for exploration of new schemes of combining ssDNASWCNT and Pt black in aqueous media systems. These embodiments resulted in a nanocomposite with enhanced biosensor performance. The ssDNA-SWCNT/Pt black nanocomposite constructed by a layered scheme proved most effective in terms of biosensor activity. The key feature of this structure and method of use is the exploitation of ssDNASWCNTs as molecular templates for Pt black electrodeposition. Glucose and ATP microbiosensors fabricated utilizing this structure and method of use exhibited high sensitivity, wide linear range and low limit of detection.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for detecting biochemical oxygen demand. Active sludge, surface water, domestic waste water, or industrial waste water comprising microorganism is taken as a water sample with microorganism in the method provided by the present invention. The water sample with microorganism is cultivated to obtain a microorganism film. The blank water sample and the target water sample are made to pass through the microorganism film respectively. The dissolved oxygen reduction current values of the blank water sample and the target water sample are detected. The difference value between the dissolved oxygen reduction current value of the target water sample and that of the blank water sample is obtained. On the basis of the difference value and the predetermined standard curve, the biochemical oxygen demand of the target water sample is acquired.

Abstract: A sensor system, device, and methods for determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample is described. Gated amperometric pulse sequences including multiple duty cycles of sequential excitations and relaxations may provide a shorter analysis time and/or improve the accuracy and/or precision of the analysis. The disclosed gated amperometric pulse sequences may reduce analysis errors arising from the hematocrit effect, variance in cap-gap volumes, non-steady-state conditions, mediator background, under-fill, temperature changes in the sample, and a single set of calibration constants.

Abstract: Methods for determining the hematocrit of a blood sample, and devices and systems used in conjunction with the same. The hematocrit value can be determined on its own, and further, it can be further used to determine a concentration of an analyte in a sample. In one exemplary embodiment of a method for determining the hematocrit value in a blood sample, a volume of blood is provided in a sample analyzing device having a working and a counter electrode. An electric potential is applied between the electrodes and an initial fill velocity of the sample into the device is calculated. The hematocrit of the blood, as well as a concentration of an analyte in view of the initial fill velocity can then be determined. Systems and devices that take advantage of the use of an initial fill velocity to determine hematocrit levels and make analyte concentration determinations are also provided.

Abstract: The presence of a select analyte in the sample is evaluated in an electrochemical system using a conduction cell-type apparatus. A potential or current is generated between the two electrodes of the cell sufficient to bring about oxidation or reduction of the analyte or of a mediator in an analyte-detection redox system, thereby forming a chemical potential gradient of the analyte or mediator between the two electrodes After the gradient is established, the applied potential or current is discontinued and an analyte-independent signal is obtained from the relaxation of the chemical potential gradient. The analyte-independent signal is used to correct the analyte-dependent signal obtained during application of the potential or current.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems, methods, and devices for determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample. The use of linear, cyclic, or acyclic voltammetric scans and/or semi-integral, derivative, or semi-derivative data treatment may provide for increased accuracy when determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample. Hematocrit compensation in combination with the data treatments may reduce the hematocrit effect with regard to a glucose analysis in whole blood. In another aspect, fast scan rates may reduce the hematocrit effect.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a high efficiency electrochemical sensor with high signal yield for determining an analyte in a fluid medium comprising, at least one reference electrode, at least one working electrode having particles of an electrocatalyst in an electrode matrix, and an enzyme that is suitable for determining an analyte is selectively covalently bound to the particles of the electrocatalyst. The disclosure also describes a process for producing the electrochemical sensor and a method for determining an analyte in a fluid medium using the electrochemical sensor. have a high efficiency and thus achieve a high signal yield.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compositions and methods for the detection of analytes using the nuclear reorganization energy, ?, of an electron transfer process.

Abstract: An electrochemical test sensor adapted to assist in determining the concentration of analyte in a fluid sample is disclosed. The sensor comprises a base that assists in forming an opening for introducing the fluid sample, a working electrode being coupled to the base, and a counter electrode being coupled to the base, the counter electrode and the working electrode being adapted to be in electrical communication with a detector of electrical current, and a sub-element being coupled to the base. A major portion of the counter electrode is located downstream relative to the opening and at least a portion of the working electrode. The sub-element is located upstream relative to the working electrode such that when electrical communication occurs between only the sub-element and the working electrode there is insufficient flow of electrical current through the detector to determine the concentration of the analyte in the fluid sample.