Abstract: Process for the removal of coloured compounds in a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising the steps of hydrotreating the feedstock in presence of a first hydrotreating catalyst under conditions being effective in hydrogenation of hydrogenable compounds being present in the feedstock and hydrotreating an effluent from the first hydrotreating step in a second catalytic hydrotreating step being carried out in a second hydrotreating reactor at hydrotreating conditions, wherein the effluent from the first hydrotreating step is separated into a gas phase and a mixed gas and liquid phase prior to the second hydrotreating step, and the mixed phase is hydrotreated in the second hydrotreating step without further addition of hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for the selective hydrodesulfurization of naphtha streams containing a substantial amount of olefins and organically bound sulfur. The naphtha stream is selectively hydrodesulfurized by passing it through a first reaction zone containing a bed of a first hydrodesulfurization catalyst, then passing the resulting product stream through a second reaction zone containing a bed of a second hydrodesulfurization catalyst, which second hydrodesulfurization catalyst contains a lower level of catalytic metals than the first hydrodesulfurization catalyst.

Abstract: A fixed-bed reactor is described for carrying out reactions of fluid reaction mixtures in the presence of a particulate heterogeneous catalyst having a structured packing which forms interstices in the reactor interior, in which the quotient of the hydraulic diameter for the fluid flow through the structured packing and the equivalent diameter of the catalyst particles is in the range from 2 to 20, preferably in the range from 5 to 10, to such an extent that the catalyst particles are introduced into the interstices, loosely distributed and discharged under the action of gravity.

Abstract: An improved catalyst activation process for olefinic naphtha hydrodesulfurization. This process maintains the sulfur removal activity of the catalyst while reducing the olefin saturation activity.

Abstract: A process where the need to circulate hydrogen through the catalyst is eliminated is provided. This is accomplished by mixing and/or flashing the hydrogen and the oil to be treated in the presence of a solvent or diluent in which the hydrogen solubility is “high” relative to the feed. The type and amount of diluent added, as well as the reactor conditions, can be set so that all of the hydrogen required in the hydroprocessing reactions may be available in solution. The oil/diluent/hydrogen solution can then be fed to a plug flow reactor packed with catalyst where the oil and hydrogen react. No additional hydrogen is required, therefore, hydrogen recirculation is avoided and trickle bed operation of the reactors is avoided. Therefore, the large trickle bed reactors can be replaced by much smaller tubular reactor.

Abstract: A process for concurrently fractionating and hydrotreating a full range naphtha stream.

Abstract: The reforming of heavy oil with supercritical water or subcritical water is accomplished by mixing together supercriticai water, heavy oil, and oxidizing agent, thereby oxidizing vanadium in heavy oil with the oxidizing agent at the time of treatment with supercritical water and separate vanadium oxide. The separated vanadium oxide is removed by the scavenger after treatment with supercritical water. In this way it is possible to solve the long-standing problem with corrosion of turbine blades by vanadium which arises when heavy oil is used as gas turbine fuel.

Abstract: A process for removing organic sulfur compounds from heavy boiling range naphtha in a dual purpose reactor wherein the heavy boiling range naphtha is fed downflow over a fixed bed of hydrodesulfurization zone and then treated with hydrogen in a hydrodesulfurization catalytic distillation zone. Vapor containing hydrogen sulfide is removed between the zones. Preferably the heavy boiling range naphtha is produced by treating a full boiling range naphtha to concurrently react diolefins and mercaptans and split the light and heavy boiling range naphtha in a distillation column reactor.

Abstract: A process for the hydrogenation of a hydrocarbon feed includes contacting a major amount of the hydrocarbon feed with hydrogen in a counter-current manner in a first reaction zone under hydrogenation reaction conditions in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst in at least a first catalyst bed wherein a liquid effluent exits at a bottom end of the first reaction zone and a hydrogen-containing gaseous effluent exits at a top end of the first reaction zone, and contacting a minor portion of the hydrocarbon feed with said hydrogen-containing gaseous effluent in a co-current manner in a second reaction zone having a catalyst bed positioned to receive the hydrogen-containing effluent of the first reaction zone.

Abstract: A process to continuously prepare a hydrocarbon product having a specified desired sulphur content lower than 0.05 wt %, starting from at least two or more high-sulphur hydrocarbon feedstocks having a sulphur content of above 0.

Abstract: A process for hydrofining a lubricating oil feedstock comprising contacting the feedstock with a hydrofining catalyst in a hydrofining zone under hydrofining conditions wherein the hydrofining catalyst comprises a bulk metal catalyst containing non-noble Group VIII metal molybdate in which at least a portion but less than all of the molybdenum is replaced by tungsten.

Abstract: A method for upgrading a naphtha feed to a naphtha product containing less than about 10 wppm of nitrogen and less than about 15 wppm sulfur, the method comprising contacting said naphtha feed with hydrogen in the presence of a bulk multimetallic catalyst under effective reactor conditions to hydrodesulfurize and hydrodenitrogenize said naphtha feed to produce said naphtha product, wherein said bulk multimetallic catalyst comprises at least one Group VIII non-noble metal and at least two Group VIB metals.

Abstract: A method for determining the variations in the sulfur content of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel when it is transported through a petroleum transportation system includes sampling fuels at various points during barge transport, pipeline transport and in terminaling operations. New procedures and special handling regiments are developed in view of how the sulfur content of ultra-low sulfur fuel may change when transported through the system in sequence and stored with other petroleum products.

Abstract: Conducting the hydrodesulphurization of gasoline cuts in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one support, at least one element of group VIII and tungsten, in which the atomic ratio (element of group VIII)/(element of group VIII+tungsten) is greater than 0.15 and less than 0.50, preferably 0.35–0.40 inclusive.

Abstract: A process for the selective hydrodesulfurization of naphtha streams containing sulfur and olefins. A substantially olefins-free naphtha stream is blended with an olefins/sulfur-containing naphtha stream and hydrodesulfurized resulting in the substantial removal of sulfur without excessive olefin saturation.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a catalyst suitable for the hydrogenation of hydrocarbon resins, comprising a supported nickel on silica and alumina catalyst, said catalyst having a nickel content of 45 to 85 wt. %, a silicon content, calculated as SiO2, of 14 to 45 wt. %, an aluminium content, calculated as Al2O3, of 1 to 15 wt. % an iron content, calculated as Fe, 0.25 to 4 wt. %, all percentages having been calculated on the basis of the reduced catalyst, and which catalyst has a volume of pores between 2 and 60 nm, as defined herein, of at least 0.35 ml/g of catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the cyclical regeneration of an adsorbent bed containing sulfur-oxidated compounds. The adsorbent bed is used to adsorb and separate sulfur-oxidated compounds from a hydrocarbonaceous stream to produce an adsorbent having adsorbed sulfur-oxidated compounds.

Abstract: A process for the production of low benzene content gasoline is disclosed wherein a full boiling range naphtha is fractionated to produce a light naphtha, a medium naphtha and a heavy naphtha. The benzene is contained in the medium naphtha and this stream is subjected to hydrogenation to convert the benzene to cyclohexane which may be isomerized to improve the octane. The valuable olefins are removed in the light naphtha and the valuable heavier aromatics (toluene and xylenes) are removed in the heavy naphtha. In a preferred embodiment all of the reactions are carried out in distillation column reactors.

Abstract: Compositions including modified carbide-containing nanorods and/or modified oxycarbide-containing nanorods and/or modified carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are provided. Rigid porous structures including modified oxycarbide-containing nanorods and/or modified carbide containing nanorods and/or modified carbon nanotubes bearing modified carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are also provided. The compositions and rigid porous structures of the invention can be used either as catalyst and/or catalyst supports in fluid phase catalytic chemical reactions. Processes for making supported catalyst for selected fluid phase catalytic reactions are also provided.

Abstract: A process for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon feedstock includes the steps of providing a hydrocarbon feed having an initial characteristic; providing a first hydrogen-containing gas; feeding the hydrocarbon feed and the first hydrogen-containing gas cocurrently to a first hydroprocessing zone so as to provide a first hydrocarbon product; providing a plurality of additional hydroprocessing zones including a final zone and an upstream zone; feeding the first hydrocarbon product cocurrently with a recycled gas to the upstream zone so as to provide an intermediate hydrocarbon product; and feeding the intermediate hydrocarbon product cocurrently with a second hydrogen-containing gas to the final zone so as to provide a final hydrocarbon product having a final characteristic which is improved as compared to the initial characteristic.

Abstract: A process is described for the upgrading of hydrocarbon mixtures which boil within the naphtha range containing sulfur impurities, i.e. a hydrodesulfuration process with contemporaneous skeleton isomerization and reduced hydrogenation degree of the olefins contained in said hydrocarbon mixtures, the whole process being carried out in a single step. The process is carried out in the presence of a catalytic system comprising a metal of group VI B, a metal of group VIII and a carrier of acid nature consisting of a mesoporous silico-alumina.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalytic composition which comprises a beta zeolite, a metal of group VIII, a metal of group VI B and optionally one or more oxides as carrier. The catalytic system of the present invention can be used for the hydrotreating of hydrocarbon mixtures and more specifically in the upgrading of hydrocarbon mixtures having boiling ranges within the range of 35° to 250° C., containing sulfur impurities, i.e. in hydrodesulfuration with contemporaneous skeleton isomerization and a reduced hydrogenation degree of olefins contained in said hydrocarbon mixtures, the whole process being carried out in a single step.

Abstract: A composition comprising a metal oxide and a promoter, wherein at least a portion of the promoter is present as a reduced valence promoter, and methods of preparing such composition are disclosed. The thus-obtained composition is employed in a desulfurization zone to remove sulfur from a hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: A process for producing food grade wax which contains exceedingly low levels of nitrogen, sulfur and aromatic compounds. A waxy feedstock is firstly hydrotreated in a first hydrogenation zone to reduce the level of contaminants such as sulfur, nitrogen and aromatic compounds, and the resulting effluent from the first hydrogenation zone is introduced into a hot, high pressure stripper and contacted with a hot, hydrogen-rich stripping gas to remove ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. The stripped, hot liquid hydrocarbons are removed from the bottom of the hot, high-pressure stripper to further reduce the concentration of aromatic compounds by being hydrogenated in a second hydrogenation zone containing a platinum or palladium catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of light naphtha hydrocarbon streams is disclosed wherein the mercaptans contained therein are reacted with diolefins simultaneous with fractionation into a light stream and a heavy stream. The heavy stream is then simultaneously treated at high temperatures and low pressures and fractionated. The naphtha is then stripped of the hydrogen sulfide in a final stripper.

Abstract: A process for reducing sulfur compounds in naphtha to produce gasoline of ultra-low sulfur content, i.e., 10–30 ppm of sulfur, from a fluidized catalytic cracking reactor effluent stream, withdraws a high sulfur content sidestream of catalytically produced medium and heavy cat naphtha with an endpoint of +430° F. that is fed to a side column where any thiophenic and benzothophenic compounds are catalytically reacted with hydrogen to convert them to hydrogen sulfide. The desulfurized light and mid-cut naphtha is returned to the main fractionation unit and the heavy catalytic naphtha is withdrawn as a product stream from the bottom of the side column.

Abstract: A cooling method of a hydrotreating plant having a desulfurization section (1) including a furnace (12) for heating liquid to be processed, reactors (14, 15) for hydrotreating sulfur to generate hydrogen sulfide, a hydrogen sulfide absorber (19) for absorbing the hydrogen sulfide generated in the reactors (14, 15), and a compressor (21) for compressing and transferring fluid from the hydrogen sulfide absorber (19) toward the reactors (14, 15), the cooling method comprising the steps of gradually depressurizing the hydrotreating plant at the desulfurization section (1) to a pressure level at which reactor material does not embrittle and gas does not leak due to difference of mechanical thermal expansion in the plant after stopping supply of the liquid to be processed, operating the compressor (21) approximately at the maximum rotation number, and completely extinguishing burners (12A, 12B) in the furnace (12) during plant shutdown operation.

Abstract: A catalytic hydrocracking process for the production of ultra low sulfur diesel wherein a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock is hydrocracked at elevated temperature and pressure to obtain conversion to diesel boiling range hydrocarbons. The resulting hydrocracking zone effluent is hydrogen stripped in a stripping zone maintained at essentially the same pressure as the hydrocracking zone to produce a first gaseous hydrocarbonaceous stream and a first liquid hydrocarbonaceous stream. The first gaseous hydrocarbonaceous stream containing diesel boiling range hydrocarbons is introduced into a desulfurization zone and subsequently partially condensed to produce a hydrogen-rich gaseous stream and a second liquid hydrocarbonaceous stream containing diesel boiling range hydrocarbons. The first liquid stream is separated to produce a third liquid hydrocarbonaceous stream containing diesel boiling range hydrocarbons which is also introduced into the desulfurization zone. An ultra low sulfur diesel product stream is recovered.

Abstract: A method for removing thiophene and thiophene compounds from liquid fuel includes contacting the liquid fuel with an adsorbent which preferentially adsorbs the thiophene and thiophene compounds. The adsorption takes place at a selected temperature and pressure, thereby producing a non-adsorbed component and a thiophene/thiophene compound-rich adsorbed component. The adsorbent includes either a metal or a metal cation that is adapted to form ?-complexation bonds with the thiophene and/or thiophene compounds, and the preferential adsorption occurs by ?-complexation. A further method includes selective removal of aromatic compounds from a mixture of aromatic and aliphatic compounds.

Abstract: A process wherein all of the unsaturates within a cracked naphtha stream are substantially hydrogenated to alkanes and the olefin depleted stream is then subjected to hydrodesulfurization to achieve the desired sulfur levels without the formation of recombinant mercaptans.

Abstract: A process for utilizing the heat from fluids produced from a hydrocarbon containing formation, which has been treated in situ. The in situ treatment process may include providing heat from one or more heaters to at least a portion of the formation. The heat may be allowed to transfer from one or more heaters to a part of the formation such that heat from the one or more heaters pyrolyzes at least some hydrocarbons within the part of the formation. Hydrocarbons may be produced from the formation. In an embodiment, heat from the produced fluids may be used for other processes. Examples of other processes may include, but are not limited to, hydrotreating, separations, steam cracking, olefin production, etc.

Abstract: A method for processing a gasoline range hydrocarbon stream wherein a single reactor/distillation tower stream is fractionated into a light fraction and a heavy fraction, the light fraction is hydrodesulfurized, the heavy fraction is optionally hydrocracked and then hydrodesulfurized, and the light and heavy fractions are separately recovered.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the removal of nitrogen and sulfur containing impurities from high molecular weight petroleum feedstock obtained from fluid cracking catalyst or distillation zone of a petroleum treatment plant. The present process comprises first treating C12 and higher hydrocarbon petroleum feedstock having nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds therein with a porous, particulate adsorbent comprising a silica matrix having an effective amount of metal atoms therein to cause the adsorbent to have Lewis acidity of at least 500 ?mol/g and then treating the resultant feedstock to catalytic hydrodesulfurization to produce a hydrocarbon fuel having low sulfur and nitrogen content.

Abstract: In crude oil fractions, fossil fuels, and organic liquids in general in which it is desirable to reduce the levels of sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing components, the process reduces the level of these compounds via the application of sonic energy. The process can be performed both with and without the added presence of an oxidizing agent, and with or without elevated temperature and/or pressure. The invention is performed either as a continuous process or a batch process.

Abstract: This invention provides novel stable metallic mesoporous transition metal oxide molecular sieves and methods for their production. The sieves have high electrical conductivity and may be used as solid electrolyte devices, e.g., in fuel cells, as sorbents, e.g. for hydrogen storage, and as catalysts. The invention also provides room temperature activation of dinitrogen, using the sieves as a catalyst, which permits ammonia production at room temperature.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur compounds from hydrocarbon streams by contacting the hydrocarbon stream, especially a gasoline stream, with an adsorbent material. The adsorbent material is regenerated with hydrogen or a hydrogen/H2S mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for conversion of hydrocarbons in the presence of at least one catalyst with controlled acidity, characterized in that the level of activity of said catalyst in isomerization of the cyclohexane is less than 0.10 and/or in that the ratio of toluene hydrogenation activity to the cyclohexane isomerization activity is greater than 10.

Abstract: A process for the production of gasoline with a low sulfur content that comprises at least one selective hydrogenation of diolefins, optionally at least one stage for transformation, preferably to increase their weight, for light sulfur-containing compounds that are present in the gasoline, at least one fractionation of the gasoline that is obtained into at least two fractions: light gasoline and heavy gasoline, then optionally a stage for transformation, preferably for alkylation or adsorption, of sulfur-containing compounds and a desulfurization treatment in a stage of at least a portion of the heavy fraction.

Abstract: A method for removing thiophene and thiophene compounds from liquid fuel includes contacting the liquid fuel with an adsorbent which preferentially adsorbs the thiophene and thiophene compounds. The adsorption takes place at a selected temperature and pressure, thereby producing a non-adsorbed component and a thiophene/thiophene compound-rich adsorbed component. The adsorbent includes either a metal or a metal ion that is adapted to form ?-complexation bonds with the thiophene and/or thiophene compounds, and the preferential adsorption occurs by ?-complexation. A further method includes selective removal of aromatic compounds from a mixture of aromatic and aliphatic compounds.

Abstract: MFS structure type zeolite manufacture is facilitated by using a second organic molecule in addition to the usual hexaethylpentane diammonium salt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for the transformation of hydrocarbon-containing feedstocks, in particular hydrotreatment, comprising at least one metal of group VIIB and at least one hydro-dehydrogenating metal (of the non-noble metals of group VIII and/or the metals of group VIB, preferably molybdenum or tungsten) and at least one porous matrix, generally of the amorphous oxide or poorly crystallized type. The catalyst also contains silicon, boron, or phosphorus. It can also optionally contain at least one halogen.

Abstract: A unit for hydrorefining of hydrocarbon crude oil comprising sulfur-containing compounds comprises first catalyst layer 33 and second catalyst layer 38, top space 34 for separating vapor component and liquid component, bottom space 36, and valve tray 35 that divides top space 34 and bottom space 36. Hydrogen released from hydrogen nozzle 40 placed in the bottom space is passed through liquid component that has accumulated in the valve tray and stripping of liquid components is performed. Hydrogen released from hydrogen nozzle 40 is again introduced, to second catalyst layer 38 as a cocurrent with the stripped liquid component. By stripping, it is possible to reduce the sulfur content, the nitrogen content and reduce the aromatic content of the hydrocarbon crude oil when compared to the conventional method. Since the hydrorefining unit has a simple structure, the unit can be easily made by modifying existing units.

Abstract: Structured catalysts comprising thick porous inorganic catalyst support coatings disposed on monolithic catalyst support structures, the support coatings having open interconnected porosities of controlled pore size but being characterized by improved durability, physical integrity, and adherence sufficient for use in liquid phase applications under harsh reaction conditions, and methods for making and using them, are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of a light cracked naphtha is disclosed wherein the light cracked naphtha is first subjected to thioetherification and fractionation into two boiling fractions. The lower boiling fraction is removed as overheads for later recombination with the product and the higher boiling fraction is combined with a heavy cracked naphtha and subjected to simultaneous hydrodesulfurization and fractionation to separate the higher boiling fraction from the heavy cracked naphtha which is recycled. The recycled heavy cracked naphtha is eventually desulfurized and hydrogenated to produce a clean solvent which washes the catalyst and extends catalyst life.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of gasoline with a low sulfur content comprising at least three stages: a first stage in which the sulfur-containing compounds present in the gasoline are at least partially transformed into H2S and into saturated sulfur-containing compounds; a second stage whose purpose is to eliminate the H2S from the gasoline produced in the first stage; and a third stage in which the saturated sulfur-containing compounds remaining in the gasoline are transformed into H2S. The process according to the invention optionally also comprises a pretreatment stage whose purpose is to hydrogenate the diolefins of the feedstock before the first stage.

Abstract: A process for concurrently fractionating and hydrotreating of a full range naphtha stream. The full boiling range naphtha stream, for example which is derived from fluid catalytic cracking, is first subjected to simultaneous hydrogenation of the thiophene contained therein and thioetherification and fractionation to remove the mercaptans the light fraction and then to simultaneous hydrodesulfurization and splitting of the bottoms into an intermediate boiling range naphtha and a heavy boiling range naphtha. The three boiling range naphthas are treated separately according to the amount of sulfur in each cut and the end use of each fraction.

Abstract: A navigation system, portable information processing device and its control program, data server, information processing server, navigation method, traveling route establishing method, information providing method, and area information providing method are disclosed having a portable terminal (10,54,210) to read out code data, indicative of area information of a destination and routed spots, from a print product (112,114). The code data are converted into area information and stored in a storage unit (23,66,72,123,223,232,323), from which particular area information is retrieved and transmitted to an on-vehicle navigation device (30,58,104,230) by which a traveling route of the vehicle is established on the basis of area information to guide the vehicle to the destination.

Abstract: A process for treating organic compounds includes providing a composition which includes a substantially mesoporous structure of silica containing at least 97% by volume of pores having a pore size ranging from about 15 ? to about 30 ? and having a micropore volume of at least about 0.01 cc/g, wherein the mesoporous structure has incorporated therewith at least about 0.02% by weight of at least one catalytically and/or chemically active heteroatom selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, V, Cr, Zn, Fe, Sn, Mo, Ga, Ni, Co, In, Zr, Mn, Cu, Mg, Pd, Pt and W, and the catalyst has an X-ray diffraction pattern with one peak at 0.3° to about 3.5° at 2?. The catalyst is contacted with an organic feed under reaction conditions wherein the treating process is selected from alkylation, acylation, oligomerization, selective oxidation, hydrotreating, isomerization, demetalation, catalytic dewaxing, hydroxylation, hydrogenation, ammoximation, isomerization, dehydrogenation, cracking and adsorption.

Abstract: A two stage hydrodesulfurizing process for producing low sulfur distillates. A distillate boiling range feedstock containing in excess of about 3,000 wppm sulfur is hydrodesulfurized in a first hydrodesulfurizing stage containing one or more reaction zones in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrodesulfurizing catalyst. The liquid product stream thereof is passed to a first separation stage wherein a vapor phase product stream and a liquid product stream are produced. The liquid product stream, which has a substantially lower sulfur and nitrogen content then the original feedstream is passed to a second hydrodesulfurizing stage also containing one or more reaction zones where it is reacted in the presence of hydrogen and a second hydrodesulfurizing catalyst at hydrodesulfurizing conditions. The catalyst in any one or more reaction zones is a bulk multimetallic catalyst comprised of at least one Group VIII non-noble metal and at least two Group VIB metals.

Abstract: A process for the selective hydrodesulfurization of olefinic naphtha streams containing a substantial amount of organically bound sulfur and olefins. The olefinic naphtha stream is selectively hydrodesulfurized in a first sulfur removal stage and resulting product stream, which contains hydrogen sulfide and organosulfur is fractionated at a temperature to produce a light fraction containing less than about 100 wppm organically bound sulfur and a heavy fraction containing greater than about 100 wppm organically bound sulfur. The light fraction is stripped of at least a portion ofits hydrogen sulfide and can be collected or passed to gasoline blending. The heavy fraction is passed to a second sulfur removal stage wherein at least a portion of any remaining organically bound sulfur is removed.