Abstract: The invention provides a method for separating fuel from water in a marine propulsion system and a reusable device for separating water from fuel in marine and diesel engines thereby preventing or limiting water from entering the combustion process of the engine. The device includes two generally thin-walled housings which secure and contain a plurality of petroleum sorbent filter elements therein. The filter elements are constructed from multiple adjacent microfibers layers bonded to each other by entanglement of said microfibers between adjacent layers, each element allowing passage of fuel therethrough but being substantially impervious to the passage of water. At least some of the filter elements are treated such that the surface of the element which faces the incoming fuel is heated until at least some of the microfibers coalesce and bond together.

Abstract: A filtering method and apparatus for continuously filtering a polymeric melt, which includes a plurality of filter chambers which are arranged in a melt flow path parallel to one another. Also, an intermediate filter is arranged parallel to the filter chambers. When one of the filter chambers is disconnected for the purpose of cleaning or replacing the filter element therein, the intermediate filter is connected synchronously in the melt flow path and, after the filter chamber is cleaned, or the filter element is exchanged, the flow is switched back through the filter chamber, and the intermediate filter is again disconnected.

Abstract: A water filter including a filter unit utilizing bag filters and including a hydraulic jack for displacing the bag filters between a lower operative position and an elevated position where the bags are readily accessible the jack preferably in the form of a pair of relatively extensible tubular telescopic members in a flow path between a pump delivery connection and the inlet to the filter bags with one of the members providing a flow communication from the member to the filter outlet. The filter also includes inlet means to the filter bag directing flow to wash the interior surface of the bags.

Abstract: Water treatment and pretreatment methods and processes for use in a dialysate preparation machine are described. In one aspect, water is passed through a first filter having chlorine removal properties and then passed into a line. Water is removed from the line at a sample location. The removed water is periodically sampled for the presence of chlorine or chloramines. The presence of chlorine or chloramines indicates that the filtration capacity for chlorine of the first filter is substantially exhausted. The method further includes the step of filtering the water downstream from the sample location in a second filter having chlorine removal properties, and replacing the first filter if chlorine or chlorine is detected during the sampling step. Water pretreatment may be provided by mixing hot and cold water from a source with a temperature-controlled mixing valve and passing the water through the first filter, so as to provide warm, filtered water to the dialysate preparation machine.

Abstract: A faucet and filter assembly includes a faucet secured to one end of a base which has two partitions for separating the interior of the base into three spaces. A valve is threadedly engaged in the base for engaging with one of the partition and for controlling the water from one space to the other. A bolt is secured to a lower side portion of the base for securing an outlet. A filter barrel is secured to the upper side portion of the base and coupled to the outlet for filtering the water and for allowing water to flow out through the outlet.

Abstract: A cleaning machine operating with granules having a pump for ejecting liquid optionally with or without granules which are heavier than the liquid, through nozzles against the goods to be cleaned in a treatment space (10) connected to the suction side of the pump via a bottom outlet (11). A granule valve having a socket (38) open at each en thereof is associated with the bottom outlet, said socket being guided for vertical displacement between the upper position with an opening at the lower end of the socket for drawing liquid with granules entrained therein by the pump from the treatment space at a lower level, and a lower position with the opening at the lower ned of the socket closed for drawing liquid only by the pump from a higher level at the upper end of the socket.

Abstract: Improved magnetic separation devices for magnetic separation procedures are provided. The improved separation devices contain matrices which provide uniform pores or channels that reduce the entrapment of air or non-target substances, and decrease the loss of target substances due to mechanical disruption. Target cells, from various systems and organs, or other target biological substances are labeled in conjunction with a suitable specific binding member, and isolated using the devices and methods of the present invention. In its simplest form, the cell separation system of the present invention has two main components: a magnetic separator and a cell separation reagent. A more complex separation device includes fluid passages, collection and storage containers and the separation column. The fluid circuitry can be constructed with integrated valves, or the valves may be applied externally to the fluid pathways.

Abstract: A liquid-cleaning filtering system has at least one permanent filter assembly that is capable of being promptly backwashed thus minimizing the down time of machinery. Each filter assembly utilizes a wire mesh filter cartridge which is backwashed by a powered internal rotating sprayer nozzle assembly that is operable to deliver a plurality of high pressure streams of liquid to a surface of the wire mesh. Each filter assembly is capable of being repeatedly used and then backwashed in order to return it to a pristine state. The rotating spray nozzle assembly may be powered by hydraulics, pneumatics or an electric motor. A plurality of filter assemblies may be arranged together in a fluid processing center in order to process large volumes of industrial waste.

Abstract: An extracorporeal fluid treatment apparatus which is selectively operable in a disinfecting mode or a treatment mode includes an inlet line, a pre-treatment portion, an input pump, a heater, an input shunt, a filtration device, a post-treatment portion, a drain line and an output shunt. The apparatus also includes a combination of valves which are selectively positionable in disinfecting mode to create an input fluid circuit which includes the pre-treatment portion and the input shunt, and which is in fluid isolation from the post-treatment portion and from the filtration device. In disinfecting mode, the valves are also selectively positionable to create an output fluid circuit which includes the post-treatment portion and the output shunt, and which is in fluid isolation from the pre-treatment portion and from the filtration device.

Abstract: A mounting head with an internal by-pass valve for use with disposable cartridge filters, for purifying gases or liquids. In preparation for changing a spent filter, the valve mechanism is translated from a first, lowered position to a second, raised position. Product is thereby redirected through a bypass passageway, allowing an uninterrupted flow of gas or liquid product to the downstream appliance or instrument. Concurrent with the valve translation, the old filter is physically decoupled from the head, and a new filter is installed in its place. Retranslation of the valve to its first position, resumes product flow through the cartridge filter.

Abstract: A filter comprising a tubular filter membrane (1) within which is mounted a concentric core (2) formed with a helical groove (3) and leaving a gap (G). Fluid to be filtered is passed in the upwards direction into the space between the core (2) and the membrane (1) and thus constrained to move in a helical path within a helical space (8) defined between the groove (3) and membrane (1), with leakage flow (7) through the gap (G) between adjacent turns of the helix. The leakage flow (7) shapes and enhances an already-existing vortex flow within the space (8) and ensures effective scouring of the membrane to prevent build-up of solids on the membrane surface. A version incorporating an externally threaded helical groove is also described. The filter is useful for a wide range of filtration purposes, particularly in ultrafiltration and microfiltration.

Abstract: Methods and devices are disclosed for passing a first parenteral fluid through a first fluid flow path through a fluid treatment arrangement, passing a second parenteral fluid through a separate and isolated second fluid flow path through the fluid treatment arrangement, and passing the first parenteral fluid through the separate and isolated second fluid flow path through the fluid treatment arrangement.

Abstract: A filter assembly for decreasing fluid hold-up waste and providing uniform flow while maintaining desired flow rates and pressures comprises a housing, a filter element including first and second end caps and a filter fastened therebetween, and a sleeve. The sleeve is positioned around the filter and may be joined to the first and second end caps, thereby forming the cage as a single integral unit which is positioned within the housing.

Abstract: A vacuum system for use in a swimming pool installation including a swimming pool and a recirculating system. The recirculating system includes a skimmer device and a main drain coupled to a pump and a filter assembly for recirculating the water in the swimming pool. The vacuum system includes a vacuum module mounted adjacent the swimming pool, a conduit coupling the vacuum module to the pump, and a hose coupling extending from the vacuum module in liquid communication with the swimming pool, the hose coupling adapted to receive a vacuum hose.

Abstract: Blood guided out of the artery of a patient by a blood pump is introduced into an arterial inlet of a blood flow direction changeover device, and it is then guided from the outlet of the changeover device to a dialzyer through an inlet thereof. The blood then leaves an outlet of the dialyzer, enters the blood flow path changeover device, leaves a venous outlet of the changeover device and returns into the vein of the patient. The dialytic liquid, on the other hand, leaves a dialytic liquid outlet, passes through a dialytic liquid flow direction changeover device and is finally discharged through a dialytic liquid outlet. Then, the respective changeover devices are changed over to reverse the respective flows. This is intermittently repeated. Thus, blood coagulation can be inhibited or prevented.

Abstract: The method of cleaning porous ceramic filters with a backwashing apparatus comprising an accelerating circulation path and a unit for mixing accelerated water with high-pressure air can be implemented with compact equipment to achieve efficient cleaning. The pool water purifying apparatus and system that adopt this method of cleaning porous ceramic filters comprise a filtering system that uses the ceramic filters, a disinfecting unit and an adsorbing unit and, optionally, an ultrafiltration unit as an additional filtering unit, and are capable of removing not only bacteria but also viruses so that the water purified by this apparatus and system may be as clean as potable water. Such an extremely high efficiency of water purification achieved by the apparatus and system can be maintained over a prolonged period since both the filtering and adsorption means can be cleaned by backwashing.

Abstract: A filtration system comprising a housing whose overall surface, excepting a bottom surface and an upper surface, is tightly closed, a filter medium disposed within the housing, an air jetting portion disposed within the housing at a higher location than the filter medium, and a propeller fan disposed at an upper portion of the housing and rotated by air which is jetted from the air jetting portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a filter apparatus for separating solids from a liquid, said apparatus comprising an outer shell (1), a pipe (2) attached thereto for liquid infeed, a filter cartridge (3) formed by ring-shaped elements placed inside said outer shell, the rings being spaced at a distance from each other so as to provide horizontally outward flaring slits (4) between the rings, through which slits the liquid is adapted to flow, a discharge pipe (5) for the removal of the liquid from the space between the outer shell and the filter cartridge, and a second discharge pipe (6) for the removal of solids from inside the filter cartridge. Conventional filter equipment have a complicated construction and require the use of separate cleaning equipment.

Abstract: A filter element and a system for cleaning the filter element, including a plurality of layers of fibers arranged in substantially uniform orientation over at least a portion of their active length, along which portion at least, each of the fibers is disposed in close proximity to its adjacent fibers, and a body member constituting a backing surface for the fibers. The system further includes nozzle means for applying at least one fluid jet against the fibers; and means for applying a relative movement between the fiber layers and the fluid jet.

Abstract: A filtration device comprises a housing, a filtering apparatus, a first guide tube, a second guide tube, an impurities discharging tube and a valve. The filtering apparatus is provided therein with a swiveling spray tube pivoted thereto. The swiveling spray tube is provided in the wall thereof with bevel through holes. The housing is provided therein with a high pressure guide tube which has an inner end aligned with an axial hole of the swiveling spray tube and further has an outer end that is connected with a source of a high pressure washing fluid so as to allow the high pressure washing fluid to be injected into the swiveling spray tube for washing away impurities deposited on the inner wall surface of the filtering apparatus.

Abstract: A filter for removing debris from a flow of molten plastic includes a cartridge containing a screen and a holder which seats one face of the cartridge. The flow of molten plastic is directed at an acute angle through the screen producing a filtered plastic flow through a downstream face of the screen and a flow of debris separated from the filter plastic along the upstream screen face. A compartment extends along the upstream screen face and accumulates the separated debris. A passage in the holder communicates with the debris-accumulating compartment and discharges the accumulating debris. A cooling mechanism regulates the rate at which debris is discharged.

Abstract: A filter assembly for decreasing fluid hold-up waste and providing uniform flow while maintaining desired flow rates and pressures comprises a housing, a filter element including first and second end caps and a filter fastened therebetween, and a sleeve. The sleeve is positioned around the filter and may be joined to the first and second end caps, thereby forming the cage as a single integral unit which is positioned within the housing.

Abstract: In a process for filtering plasma by separating blood into blood cells and plasma by a primary filter and filtering the separated plasma by a secondary filter to remove macromolecules from the plasma as harmful components, the loss of plasma to be discarded from the system by a procedure for eliminating plugging of the secondary filter can be diminished by opening an inner chamber of the secondary filter to the atmosphere to thereby lower the internal pressure of the chamber every time increase of the pressure to an upper limit value due to an increasing plugging tendency of the secondary filter is detected, and washing the interior of the secondary filter from the inner and outer chamber sides after the internal pressure has lowered.

Abstract: The production capacity of a conventional high pressure feeder having a pocketed rotor with a slotted screen at the low pressure outlet port is significantly increased by constructing the screen so that its arcuate bars have a width much less than normal, and thus a much greater open area of the screen is provided. Structural integrity is maintained by providing a reinforcing bar extending transverse to the arcuate screen bars, typically attached at the convex mid-point area. The screen is formed from a cast metal body, and the width of the arcuate screen bars is typically between about 0.14-0.20 inches.

Abstract: A duplex strainer for straining material includes a housing, housing inlet port through which material enters the housing under pressure for straining and an outlet port through which strained material exits the housing. The housing includes a first strainer chamber having the first and second ports in separate fluid communication with the housing. A second strainer chamber includes third and fourth ports in separate fluid communication with the housing. The first port opposes the third port and the second port opposes the fourth port. A valve control structure includes a first three-way ball valve disposed within the housing for controlling fluid flow between the first port, third port and the housing. A second three-way ball valve is disposed within the housing to control fluid flow between the housing, second port and fourth port.

Abstract: A filtration device includes an ultrafilter having an inlet chamber, an outlet chamber, and an ultrafiltration membrane separating the inlet chamber from the outlet chamber. An inlet line flow connects the inlet chamber to a source of dialysis liquid. Pressure sensors determine pressure values on opposite sides of the membrane, and a controller calculates a transmembrane pressure therefrom and compares the calculated transmembrane pressure with a predetermined threshold value. If the threshold value is reached, the controller emits a threshold signal to either warn an operator or alternatively to automatically divert flow to bypass the ultrafilter.

Abstract: A filter apparatus is described, in which there are in the interior of a filter housing (7) a multiplicity of filter elements (1) which are suspended on the filter cover (3) and in which the inner bores of the filter cartridges are connected to the outlet nozzle (6) via a system of channels. Against the wall of the filter housing (7) there bears a film bag (2), the upper end of which is welded to an O-ring (4), which is seated in an annular groove on the flange of the filter housing, with the diameters of O-ring and film bag being identical. Furthermore, volume displacers (16, 17, 25), which extend in the axial direction over the entire length of the filter housing, are provided between filter bag (2) and inner wall of the filter housing as well as in the inner space of the filter cartridges. When a filter is changed, these volume displacers are, for example, inflated with compressed air, as a result of which the volume of residual filtrate is considerably reduced, so that less loss of dispersion occurs.

Abstract: Apparatus of the type known as Sieve Bends which serve to separate particles differing in size. The apparatus includes a headbox that receives feed slurry and a throat that receives the slurry from the headbox. Means is provided in the throat for yieldably engaging the flow in such a manner as to prevent or minimize clogging of the slots between the bars of a sieve that receives the flow from the throat. This means includes a nip flap which contacts one side of the slurry flow. The invention makes possible a substantial increase in operating capacity and is particularly applicable to the coal industry.

Abstract: A tandem pump equipped with a pair of pump units that are assembled together each having a water inlet and a water outlet. Each water outlet duct is associated with a control chamber which is equipped with a volume control disc which can be operated with click sound. Each water outlet duct is provided an air intake tube with which flexible pipe can be engaged so that air or different kinds of gas can be introduced into water of a fish globe along with the projected water. The pump umits of the tandem pump are in communication with each other so that water can be controllably dispensed via a single water outlet or both water outlets at variable speed or volume. Different kinds of accessories for fish raising can be selectively mounted to both or either of the pump units so as to make the tandem pump to be more effectively employed.

Abstract: A multi-stage fluid filter filters entrained particulate matter from a moving fluid stream at substantially constant fluid pressure and filtration efficiency during continuous on-line operation. The filter includes a housing having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, first and second stationary filtration elements positioned in the housing, each having a filtration medium therein from an upstream side to a downstream side thereof. The two elements are positioned in series for fluid flow from the downstream side of one of the two elements defined as a first filter stage for accumulating particulate matter on the filtration medium thereof to the upstream side of the other of the two elements defined as a second filter stage having a previously accumulated layer of particulate matter on the filtration medium thereof.

Abstract: A horizontal countertop water filter adapted to reside behind a sink faucet fixture. The water filter has a horizontal housing defining a fluid inlet chamber and fluid filtration chamber containing a changeable filter cartridge, an inlet end cap which is configured to conduct an incoming fluid flow from the fluid inlet chamber to the fluid filtration chamber, and an outlet end cap configured to receive a filtered fluid flow from the fluid filtration chamber to a fluid outlet spigot. At least one end cap is removable to facilitate changing the filter cartridge.

Abstract: An improved cross-flow granular filtration system involving the use of ultraviolet, ozonation, chlorination, reactive granular filtration media, chemical regeneration, and central flow control is described. The process system and apparatus includes a liquid pump, a central flow control, a cross-flow reactive pressure filter, a process tank and at least one chemical feeder. The filter media are of reactive and granular type, including diatomaceous earth, granular activated carbon, granular metal medium, greensand, neutralizing sand, activated alumina, ion exchange resins, polymeric adsorbents, coal, porous plastic medium, porous stainless steel medium, porous ceramic medium, bacteriostatic filter medium, or combinations thereof. Alternatively a downflow or upflow filter is substituted for the crossflow reactive pressure filter. The process tank contains and handles regeneration chemicals or filter aids for the reactive filter media.

Abstract: Systems and methods for collecting blood substantially free of undesired matter assure that accurate crossmatching and typing of cellular blood components can be done prior to transfusion, even though the cellular components are collected and stored in different containers. The blood containing the undesired matter is collected in a blood collection container. The blood collection container includes a tube that is sealed for retaining samples of the collected blood for later analysis. The collected blood is conveyed out of the blood collection container for removal of undesired matter. The blood substantially free of the undesired matter is collected in a separate transfer container for storage. The distal end of the sealed tube containing the blood samples is attached to the transfer container, while the other end of the sealed tube is disconnected from the original blood collection container.

Abstract: Systems and methods of collecting blood cells use a first container connected to initially collect blood. A filtration system is provided that uses two flow paths, the first being a dual purpose path that is initially used to convey plasma and platelets to a pair of transfer/storage containers. A second flow path leads to a temporary transfer container through a filtration device. The dual purpose fluid path is next used to convey blood cells, now substantially free of undesired matter, from the temporary storage container to a storage container. The filtration system is then detached from the blood collection system.

Abstract: A horizontal counter-top water filter adapted to reside behind a sink faucet fixture. The water filter has a horizontal housing defining a fluid inlet chamber and a fluid filtration chamber, an inlet end cap which is configured to conduct an incoming fluid flow from the fluid inlet chamber to the fluid filtration chamber and an outlet end cap configured to receive a filtered fluid flow from the fluid filtration chamber to a fluid outlet spigot. The water filter is additionally fitted with a diverter valve and fluid conduit, which conducts diverted fluid from a sink faucet into the water filter.

Abstract: An aquarium filter assembly which can be utilized as a diatomaceous earth filter which is self-priming. The filter includes a housing having a pump means from which depends a filtering element. The water pumped through the filtering element can be directed either back into the housing for recirculation of the water in the housing, or out of the housing and back into the aquarium tank for filtering of the aquarium tank water. A valve within the housing operates to permit water entry into the housing upon initial insertion and during filtration of the aquarium tank water. The valve closes when the water flow from the filtering element is directed back into the housing. Diatomaceous earth can be added into the housing and the water recirculated within the housing serves to self-prime the filter element. After charging the filter element, the water flow from the filtering element is directed into the aquarium tank and the valve opens to permit regular filtering of the aquarium tank water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for filtering liquids. More particularly it is concerned with providing a clog-resistant filter of the kind in which a open end and with walls of metal, plastic or other suitable material bearing numerous perforations, is placed within a housing in such a manner that the liquid entering the housing must flow from the inside of the filter element out through the perforations in the latter, before it can leave the housing, with the result that solid material strained from the liquid flowing through the filter is retained within the filter element.

Abstract: A reusable liquid filter assembly having a housing having two internally threaded ends and two externally threaded removable end walls. Sealing O-rings are provided on the end walls to bear and seal against bevelled zones on the housing ends. A filter subassembly is positioned in the housing and centered therein by the end walls. A port is provided in one end wall for sampling the filtered liquid. The liquid filter is readily disassembled for cleaning and replacement of all of its components.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a filter assembly comprising a housing, a cover, a barrier flange, a flow tube, and a filter unit. The housing has an opening and the cover is detachably and sealingly mounted to the housing at one end of the opening. The barrier flange is detachably and sealingly mounted to the housing within the opening and has upstream and downstream sides and an aperture extending therebetween. The housing further has at least one port which communicates with the opening between the cover and the barrier flange. The flow tube has first and second ends. It is joined at the first to the cover and extends through the aperture and the barrier flange and is joined to the barrier flange. The flow tube also includes at least one orifice between the barrier flange and the cover.

Abstract: Systems and methods of collecting blood cells, substantially free of undesired matter, use a first container, that forms a part of a blood collection system, to initially collect a quantity of blood cells. A filtration system is then attached to the first container. The filtration system includes a second container, a first fluid path that leads to the second container through a filtration device, and a second fluid path that leads to the second container bypassing the filtration device. The blood cells are conveyed from the first container through the first fluid path and filtration device and into the second container to separate the undesired matter from the blood cells. The blood cells, now substantially free of the undesired matter, are then conveyed from the second container through the second fluid path, bypassing the filtration device, and back into the first container. The filtration system is then detached from the blood collection system.

Abstract: A juice processing module is provided in a raw juice stream to aid in the separation of the juice stream into clarified juice and pulpy juice. Raw juice is forced through directed orifices at a separating screen carried in a containment housing. Juice outlet ports are provided for the clarified juice and the pulpy juice.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a filter for liquids. More particularly it is concerned with providing a clog-resistant filter of the kind in which a filter element (usually of hollow cylindrical shape), having at least one open end and with walls of metal, plastic or other suitable material bearing numerous perforations, is placed within a housing in such a manner that the liquid entering the housing must flow from the inside of the filter element out through the perforations in the latter, before it can leave the housing, with the result that solid material strained from the liquid flowing through the filter is retained within the filter element.

Abstract: A cross flow filter apparatus and method uses an open tank having a first liquid retaining section, a second filter retaining section and a third solids collecting section in fluid communication with each other. A filter assembly is retained within the second section and includes a filter panel having a generally vertically disposed filter membrane surface, preferably with submicron pores. Filtrate is removed by applying low vacuum pressure, in the range of about 5 inches vacuum pressure (Mercury), in communication with the filter panel such that filtrate is drawn through the pores of the filter membrane surface at a flow rate Q.sub.out. Fluid to be filtered is cross flowing vertically downward across the filter membrane surface at a flow rate Q.sub.x, such that the horizontal velocity V.sub.h of fluid drawn through the filter membrane surface is less than the vertical velocity V.sub.v of the cross flowing unfiltered fluid.

Abstract: A shower filter is adapted to be installed between a plumbing pipe and a shower head. The filter includes a changeable filter cartridge. A three position valve in the appliance is able to (a) block all flow of water, (b) deliver filtered water, or (c) deliver unfiltered water. An adapter may be used to enable the appliance to receive different types of filter cartridges.

Abstract: A system for continuously or periodically flushing collected particles from filter leaf assemblies without interrupting the filtering operation is disclosed. The filter leaf assemblies are constructed from a pair of like grid-like filter media support panels mounted in spaced parallel relationship within a rigid rectangular peripheral frame. Sheets of filter media overlie the outer surfaces of the support panels and are fixedly sealed to the frame around the entire periphery of the panel. One side of the frame is fixedly mounted to an outlet pipe whose interior communicates with the space between the support panels via mating slots in the pipe wall and frame. Two filter media attachment arrangements and two frame to pipe mounting arrangements are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for separating contaminants comprising a tubular filter body (12) having an inner flow space (18) which is separated by a filter layer (14) from an outer flow space (20). The one end face of the filter body (12) is closed and the other end face comprises an opening. The inner flow space (18) has a substantially uniform cross-section over its entire axial length and is in flow communication on the one hand through the filter layer (14) with the outer flow space (20) and on the other hand through the end-face opening with an outside space. In the inner flow space (18) an element (30) is arranged for conducting the flow through the filter layer (14), which is characterized in that said element (30) for conducting the flow from or to the filter layer (14) is gradually tapered in its cross-section from the sealed end face (16) to the end-side opening (22) of the inner flow space (18).

Abstract: A nozzle block (66) and a sieve screen unit (12), in which the outlet aperture (78) of the nozzle body (68) has a substantially oval shape to produce a fan-shaped flow pattern against the screen (24). Two nozzle blocks (66a), (66b) are mounted within the sieve screen housing (24), each block having a substantially solid, cuboid body including an outlet aperture that distributes slurry over the full width of the screen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filter cartridge for a liquid filter, in particular for use for tanks for the filtration of water for the production of drinking water, with a generally cylindrical vessel, which contains the filtering material and with a sealing screen mounted on this vessel like a cover. In order to improve the functioning of a filter cartridge, and in particular to make such a filter cartridge, which with comparatively fast liquid throughput has a good filtration action with optimum utilization of the filtering material, it is proposed in conformity with the invention that the sealing screen be covered by a distributor cap 3 essentially closed at the top and open at the side.

Abstract: A filter unit using a bump-type filter is disclosed. Briefly stated, a chamber has a split fluid inlet conduit so that contaminated fluid, upon entering the chamber, is directed upwardly towards filter tubes and downwardly towards the bottom of the chamber. The fluid flow is diverted during startup so as to be directed only downward thereby enabling precoat of the filter element. Two tube sheets are utilized with incoming fluid in the vertically upward inlet conduit forcing incoming contaminated fluid to be deposited between the two tube sheets thereby. During operation contaminated fluid flows upwardly and downwardly towards the filter tubes so as to prevent disturbance of filter tubes as a result of turbulence in the chamber.

Abstract: Systems and methods of collecting blood cells, substantially free of undesired matter, use a first container, that forms a part of a blood collection system, to initially collect a quantity of blood cells. A filtration system is then attached to the first container. The filtration system includes a second container, a first fluid path that leads to the second container through a filtration device, and a second fluid path that leads to the second container bypassing the filtration device. The blood cells are conveyed from the first container through the first fluid path and filtration device and into the second container to separate the undesired matter from the blood cells. The blood cells, now substantially free of the undesired matter, are then conveyed from the second container through the second fluid path, bypassing the filtration device, and back into the first container. The filtration system is then detached from the blood collection system.