Abstract: A filter block having a permeability of greater than about 3.0*10?9 cm2, and a F-VLR of greater than about 99% is provided. The filter block may be made of filter particles having a median particle size of less than about 50 microns and having a particle span of about 1.4 or less. The filter blocks of the present invention can be used to make a filter for filtering liquids and more specifically, for providing potable water. The filter particles may be mesoporous. Kits comprising filters and information relating to the killing or removal of bacteria, viruses, and microbials are also provided.

Abstract: A belt filter for effecting separation of liquid from solids where, at the collection zone, a filter belt or belts is changed shape so as to provide a supporting shape to bold liquid, which is then fed into a nipping zone. In an embodiment there is a single belt used which is folded in a middle portion to provide the supporting shape.

Abstract: A filter material has one or more plies of fiber layers, in particular for the production of filter bags and filter cones for infused beverages, the at least one fiber layer containing fibers or microcapsules having phase change material. Paraffinic hydrocarbons can be used as the phase change material.

Abstract: A composite filter material comprising a filter layer and a support layer bonded together. The filter layer is formed of a flexible, liquid-permeable non-woven fabric having a plurality of openings sized to permit liquids and silt particles to pass through the filter layer while preventing sand particles from passing through the filter layer. The support layer is formed of a flexible, liquid-permeable material having a grab tensile strength greater than that of the filter layer, the support layer having a plurality of openings such that the support material is at least as permeable to liquids as the filter fabric. In another embodiment, the composite filter material further comprises a drainage panel bonded to at least one of the filter layer or the support layer. The drainage panel has a laterally-extensive backing grid and a plurality of spaced-apart support members projecting from the backing grid whereby fluid may flow through the backing grid and between the support members.

Abstract: A filtering device includes a hollow casing and a plurality of tubes. The casing includes an interior defined by a surrounding wall. The casing further includes a plurality of through-holes defined in the surrounding wall and in communication with the interior of the casing. Each tube extends through an associated one of the through-holes of the casing into the interior of the casing. In another embodiment, a filtering device includes a first hollow casing and a second hollow casing received in the first hollow casing. Each of the first hollow casing and the second hollow casing includes an interior delimited by a surrounding wall. A plurality of through-holes are defined in each of the surrounding walls of the first hollow casing and the second hollow casing.

Abstract: Water treatment devices that include filtration media with specified grain size distributions are provided. In one arrangement, the device contains a volume of grains such that between about 1 and 15 vol % of the grains have a grain size in a range between a first grain size and a second grain size, a first portion of the grains have grain sizes smaller than the first grain size, and a second portion of the grains have grain sizes larger than the second grain size. The first grain size can be between about 50 and 100 ?m and the second grain size can be between about 100 and 150 ?m. In other arrangements, the first grain size can be between about 70 and 90 ?m and the second grain size can be between about 100 and 130 ?m. The difference between the first grain size and the second grain size can be at least 20 ?m. In other arrangements, the difference between the first grain size and the second grain size can be at least 10 ?m.

Abstract: Carbon or activated carbon nanofibers are made from fibrillated nanofibers having a Canadian Standard Freeness of less than about 100, and/or a fiber diameter of less than or equal to about 400 nm. BET surface areas are greater than about 800 m2/g The fibrillated nanofibers can be made into a precursor paper and subjected to heat treatment to form carbon or activated carbon nanofiber sheets. A method of making is disclosed wherein carbonization occurs at a temperature of less than about 600° C. Activation occurs at temperatures greater than about 875° C. in less than or equal to about 30 minutes in an oxidizing atmosphere. Single step carbonization and activation in an oxidizing atmosphere is also disclosed. The carbon nanofibers or structures made therefrom are useful as filter media providing efficient adsorption and interception of microbiological contaminants due to the microporous carbon nanofiber structure.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for the inactivation of a virus comprising a housing delimiting a fluid passageway, the passageway being provided with a filtering material having ionic copper selected from the group consisting of Cu+ and Cu++ ions and combinations thereof incorporated therein.

Abstract: Granules comprise binder-agglomerated active particles for liquid treatment or filtration. Each granule has a center core of a material that itself has binding properties without the addition of other binders or sprays or adhesives, or, alternatively, each granule comprises a matrix of active materials stuck together with the binder. The binder structure preferably ranges from a non-uniform matrix of binder formed by heat-deformed binder particles, to a clump of binder particles generally retaining the original shape or the binder particles, to non-continuous connectors of binder between active particles. The invented two-part media has high surface area per volume of media, which, because the outer surface and inner void surfaces of the particles are preferably substantially covered with active particles, translates to high activity for the preferred treatment process.

Abstract: A microfluidic sieve having a substrate with a microfluidic channel, and a carbon nanotube mesh. The carbon nanotube mesh is formed from a plurality of intertwined free-standing carbon nanotubes which are fixedly attached within the channel for separating, concentrating, and/or filtering molecules flowed through the channel. In one embodiment, the microfluidic sieve is fabricated by providing a substrate having a microfluidic channel, and growing the intertwined free-standing carbon nanotubes from within the channel to produce the carbon nanotube mesh attached within the channel.

Abstract: Structures treated with a microbiological interception enhancing agent comprising of a water-soluble cationic material having a counter ion associated therewith at specific sites on the cationic material, in combination with a biologically active metal salt, wherein the counter ion associated with the cationic material preferentially precipitates with at least a portion of the cation of the biologically active metal salt such that precipitation of the biologically active metal cation and the counter ion associated with the cationic material occurs in proximity to the cationic material are disclosed herein. The microbiological interception enhancing agent may be incorporated into articles of commerce by treating the starting materials of the structure or by applying the microbiological interception enhancing agent on to at least one surface of the article.

Abstract: Disclosed is a water softener capable of producing soft water at various temperatures and facilitating the regeneration of an ion exchange resin thereof. The water softener includes a water softening tank in which an internal region containing therein the ion exchange resin is partitioned into a plurality of water softening regions which are individually assigned into a predetermined temperature; a regeneration tank integrated with the water softening tank into a single body and containing the regeneration material of the ion exchange resin; a cold/hot control valve to supply raw water to a selected one of the plurality of water softening regions according to the temperature of the raw water to rapidly supply the soft water at a desired temperature to a user; and a regeneration valve to facilitate the periodic regeneration of the ion exchange resin through a simple manual operation.

Abstract: A cartridge for treating medical or biological fluid includes a first cap having an inlet for the fluid, a container including a plurality of compartments and a second cap including an outlet for the fluid, wherein each compartment contains a plurality of particles, wherein the fluid is adapted to flow through the compartments and react with the plurality of particles.

Abstract: A crossflow membrane device that receives a feedstock at a feed end face and separates the feedstock into permeate and retentate. The device has a membrane support containing at least one monolith of porous material defining a plurality of passageways extending longitudinally from the feed end face of the monolith to a retentate end face of the monolith through which the feedstock flows to pass retentate from the device. A permselective membrane coating of finer pore size than that of the porous material is applied to the passageway wall surfaces of the monolith. At least one permeate conduit is formed within the monolith, the conduit containing a plurality of longitudinal permeate chambers communicating with a means of permeate introduction at or near the feed end face and permeate withdrawal at or near the retentate end face.

Abstract: To provide particles for water disinfection which are hard to be suspended and are hard to be diffused in water which is suitable for use of disinfecting water and which are capable of developing disinfection effect fully and method of producing the same. Particles for water disinfection in which silver is coated on a garnet surface or a particle surface whose main ingredient is garnet are used. When said particles are used, preferable embodiment of silver is that the granular lumps of silver are carried continuously and discontinuously forming a group on a garnet surface as shown in SEM photographs of FIG. 4. Effective production method of such particles can be conducted by the electroless plating method in which garnet particles are immersed in a mixed solution composed of reducing solution in which at least any one of potassium sodium tartarate, glucose, or acetardehyde as a reducing agent is dissolved in water, silver nitrate solution, and ammonium solution.

Abstract: A nanofeature particulate trap comprising a plurality of densely packed nanofeatures, such as nanotubes, and a particulate detector incorporating the nanofeature particulate trap are provided. A method of producing a nanotrap structure alone or integrated with a particulate detector is also provided.

Abstract: A dual filter apparatus and a process of making a dual filter apparatus that minimizes disruption to the normal flow pattern through the filter apparatus by forming a porous medium suitable to carry a fluid activator and placing an activator proximate the porous filter medium for in situ fluid treatment and removal of debris from the fluid by screening action of the porous filter medium that entraps debris thereon.

Abstract: The invention includes a filtration unit for the selective deleukocytation of a fluid containing blood platelets such as blood or a blood component. The unit includes a medium for deleukocytation by adsorption and/or filtration of the leukocytes. The medium is formed by at least one layer of non-woven polyurethane fabric which has been treated by gas plasma. The invention also includes bag systems containing such a unit, including closed filtration systems.

Abstract: An encapsulated filter cartridge is disclosed, which includes a filter assembly including a carbon block filter element and a microporous filter element. The filter cartridge has a permanently sealed sump defining an interior chamber configured to accommodate the filter assembly, the sump having an inlet for permitting unfiltered fluid to enter the interior chamber for communicating with the radially outer surface of the filter assembly and an outlet for permitting filtered fluid to exit the interior chamber from the axial portion of the filter assembly. The microporous filter element of the filter assembly may include a hollow fiber subassembly housed within the axial cavity of the carbon block element, said fiber subassembly including a plurality of hollow microporous fibers, or a pleated filter element surrounding the radially outer surface of the carbon block element.

Abstract: An antibacterial member is constituted such that a propolis component is contained in, or adhered to, a water-insoluble base member. This antibacterial member is mixed into a filter member to be disposed in a flow passage in an antibacterial filter. Water in the antibacterial filter receives the antibacterial action from the propolis component when coming in contact with the antibacterial member. Thus, microorganisms in water is extinguished, and generation and propagation of germs, bacteria, algae and the like are suppressed.

Abstract: Nonwoven fabric laminates suitable for use as semipermeable membrane supports are provided. The fabric laminates generally include at least two layers: a spunbond layer of continuous filament fibers and a wet-laid layer of discontinuous filaments. The resulting semipermeable membrane supports provide an advantageous balance of properties, including smoothness, porosity, interlaminar adhesion, and flux properties.

Abstract: Cartridges useful in regenerating or purifying dialysis solutions are described as well as methods to regenerate or purify spent dialysis solutions. Dialysis systems using the sorbent cartridges of the present invention are further described.

Abstract: A plasma- or serum-collecting device with simple structure and easy to handle is provided. The device comprises a vacuum blood drawing tube accommodating a blood-filtering unit, wherein the vacuum tube contains a space above the blood-filtering unit to preserve blood to be filtered and a partition wall under the blood-filtering unit to keep a backspace at reduced pressure, and the blood-filtering unit contains a communicating needle to break the partition wall at the bottom.

Abstract: The invention relates to the area of ceramics and to ceramic multilayer filters, such as used for separating gases. The invention provides ceramic multilayer filters which are more economical to produce. To this end, the inventive ceramic multilayer filters include at least two layers of different particle size, the particle surfaces of all of the ceramic particles being completely or partially perfused with a material and spot and/or surface joints being formed between particles. The invention also provides a method for producing ceramic multilayer filters of this type, according to which slips are produced from at least two ceramic powders of different particle size, the particles of the ceramic powders being perfused with a material or a material in powder form being added to the ceramic slips. One or more layers are formed from the slips and then dried. At least two layers are placed one above the other and/or joined to each other and together are subjected to a temperature increase.

Abstract: A filter system for spas and swimming pools is disclosed having a primary filter containing a porous membrane made of multiple plies. A fluid purifying medium in the form of irregularly shaped copper and zinc alloy particles is captured between the plies and placed in contact with the spa water to kill bacteria and remove heavy metals, precipitates and chlorine as the water cycles through the filter. A micro filter for filtering particles surrounds the primary filter, the micro filter and primary filter are mounted in a chamber in fluid communication with the spa or pool. Another particulate filter is positioned upstream of the micro filter and primary filter. A secondary micro filter and primary filter provide filter capacity augmentation through a parallel flow path during periods of increased demand.

Abstract: A method and device for the filtration and/or purification of fluids water or other solutions containing microbiological contaminants, such as fluids containing including bacteria and/or viruses, where the fluid water is passed through a purification material composed of apatite and absorption media in a fixed binder matrix.

Abstract: A filter for processing a biological fluid is disclosed comprising at least two filter elements wherein the surface of one filter element is substantially non-hydroxylated and has a nitrogen-to-oxygen ratio in the range of from at least 0.01 to less than about 1.00, and the surface of the other filter element is hydroxylated relative to the bulk of the element.

Abstract: A non-woven depth filter cartridge includes a cylindrical mass of essentially continuous melt-blown polymer filaments and an essentially continuous traversing melt-blown polymer filament extending through the mass. The mass has a depth dimension, a longitudinal dimension, and a circumferential dimension. The mass includes a plurality of layers, each of the plurality of layers being generally oriented in the longitudinal and circumferential dimensions. The traversing filament is generally oriented in the depth dimension and extends through one or more layers of the mass. In one embodiment, the layers of the mass comprise concentric zones. The traversing filament is intentionally deposited and positioned to improve the physical properties of the filter cartridge.

Abstract: This invention is capable of providing a water purifying apparatus with a comparatively simple configuration that can be used easily. First, a usage state is adopted by operating the knob of the faucet. In doing so, the detection means detects the flow of the water. As a result, the control unit supplies electricity to the ultraviolet light generator based on the detection signal form the detection means, and ultraviolet light is emitted. The emitted ultraviolet light then irradiates water within the passage. Water sterilization can then be carried out as a result of doing this. The ultraviolet light generator only generates light when the faucet is in use. It is therefore possible to utilize the ultraviolet light generator for long periods of time and savings are made with respect to power consumption. Further, a curving part is formed in the passage, and the ultraviolet light generator is arranged in the vicinity of the curving part.

Abstract: A porous grog with a body composition of water, clay and combustible material. Further, an earthenware water purification filter utilizing the porous grog in the body composition of the filter. A water purification system incorporating said filter, said water purification system capable of removing about 99% of all particles not less than 1.0 micron is size.

Abstract: A frustum filter used for separation of cation and anion exchange resins, which is used in condensate water polishing system or apparatus, wherein said frustum filter comprises a microporous filtering net body (1) which is formed by sintering a mixture of silicon carbide grains and a binder, said net body being provided with a plurality of micropores, the diameter of said micropores being in a range of 50-300 micron, said filtering net body (1) being shaped as an inverted truncated cone and its maximum diameter being in a range of 50-200 cm, the angle between a inner tapered face and a horizontal plane being in a range of 15°-30° and the thickness of said filtering net body being in a range of 2 cm-14 cm. Some reinforcing steel bars which have the property of high temperature resistance are embedded in said filtering net body(1) in advance. A steel ring (6) welded at the housing (2) is fixed on the external circumference of said filtering net body (1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel class of shaped bodies containing metal-organic frameworks. Said metal-organic frameworks comprise at least one metal ion and at least one at least bidentate organic compound and contain at least one type of micro- and mesopores or micro- or mesopores. Said shaped bodies comprise at least one metal-organic framework material and may optionally contain further substances, in particular at least one supporting material.

Abstract: The filter aid comprises finely divided plant fibers, which for a period of action have been subjected to a liquid treatment, which removes the sensorially active substances from the plant fibers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a filter comprised of activated carbon fibers, wherein said filter has a Virus Removal Index (hereafter “VRI”) of at least about 99%, as measured in accordance with the test method described in the specification. The filter may comprise unbound fibers, or the fibers may be bound with a binder to form a composite of fibers. Also disclosed is a method of removing viruses from a liquid, the method comprising contacting the liquid with a filter comprising activated carbon fibers wherein said filter has a VRI of at least about 99%. Also described is an article of manufacture comprising: (a) a filter comprising activated carbon fibers, wherein said filter has a VRI of at least about 99%; and (b) instructions which inform a user that the filter may be used to remove viruses from a liquid.

Abstract: The invention is directed at a mullite-aluminum titanate porous diesel particulate filter constituting a porous ceramic body containing, expressed in terms of weight percent of the total body, of 60-90%, preferably 70-80%, most preferably 70% iron-aluminum titanate solid solution having a stoichiometry of Al2(1?x)Fe2xTiO5, where x is 0-0.1, and 10-40%, preferably 20-30%, most preferably 30% mullite (3Al2O3.2SiO2), and consists essentially, expressed in terms of weigh percent on the oxide basis, of 3 to 15% SiO2, 55 to 65% Al2O3, 22 to 40% TiO2, and 0 to 10% Fe2O3, and being useful for filtration of diesel exhaust. The inventive diesel particulate filter exhibits high interconnected open porosity and large median pore size, in combination with high permeability when fired to a temperature of between 1650° to 1700° C., along with high thermal shock resistance and good filtration capability.

Abstract: A novel filtration media employing polymeric absorbents comprising a material selected from the group consisting of styrene, pentadiene, cyclopentadiene, butylene, ethylene, isoprene, butadiene, propylene and mixtures thereof; and a filtration enabler intimately mixed with the polymeric absorbent. Upon contact with a hydrocarbon containing liquid, the liquid partially dissolves the polymeric absorbent forming a partial filtration barrier prior to the filtration media substantially absorbing the hydrocarbons, and allowing hydrocarbon-free liquid to flow through the filtration media. In situations of a leak or spill wherein an excess of hydrocarbons are present, the filtration media forms a plug to seal and prevent further discharge of the hydrocarbons. The filtration media may be placed inside a portable container for insertion into an existing drain such that hydrocarbon containing liquid is filtered through the device allowing hydrocarbon-free liquid to flow from the device.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to filter elements and more particularly to filter elements prepared from improved polyolefin polymers, presently preferably polypropylene, characterized by a specific rheology. Most particularly, the present disclosure relates to polypropylene that has a specific molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, among other properties and/or characteristics, and/or polypropylene that has been adjusted in viscosity, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, among other properties and/or characteristics, and its use in making depth filter elements. The present disclosure further relates to processes and/or systems for producing improved polyolefin polymers, e.g., polypropylenes and their use in fabricating advantageous filter elements.

Abstract: Blood separation media include a non-woven web of fibrillated and non-fibrillated synthetic staple fibers. The fibrillated synthetic staple fibers will most preferably have a Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF) of less than about 300 mL, whereas the non-fibrillated synthetic staple fibers have a CSF of greater than about 700 mL. Preferably, the fibrillated synthetic staple fibers are present in an amount between about 20 to 90 wt. %, and the non-fibrillated synthetic staple fibers are present in an amount between about 10 to about 80 wt. %. The fibrillated and non-fibrillated synthetic staple fibers may be formed of the same, or different, polymeric material, such as polyesters, polypropylenes, polyethylenes, poyacrylonitriles, and polyamides. Especially preferred blood separation media will comprise a blend of fibrillated acrylic fibers, and a mixture of non-fibrillated nylon and polyester fibers, wherein the ratio of nylon and polyester fibers in the mixture thereof is between about 1:4 to about 1:2.

Abstract: A safe and practically useful body fluid processor whereby blood taken out from a patient can be directly processed, characterized by having a favorable passage of the blood cell and showing an extremely low risk of the generation and leakage of microparticles. Namely, a body fluid processor enabling direct hemoperfusion wherein the ratio of sedimented particles to the volume of the space in which the particles for processing body fluid are to be packed is 100% or less and the space in which the particles for processing body fluid are to be packed in the body fluid processor is filled with the particles for processing body fluid and a filling liquid at a ratio of 95% or more but not more than 100%.

Abstract: The invention includes novel anion exchange membranes formed by in situ polymerization of at least one monomer, polymer or copolymer on a woven support membrane and their methods of formation. The woven support membrane is preferably a woven PVC membrane. The invention also includes novel cation exchange membranes with or without woven support membranes and their methods of formation. The invention encompasses a process for using the membranes in electrodialysis of ionic solutions and in particular industrial effluents or brackish water or seawater. The electrodialysis process need not include a step to remove excess ions prior to electrodialysis and produces less waste by-product and/or by-products which can be recycled.

Abstract: A filtration material comprising a blend of at least two types of fibers: (a) polypropylene fibers and (b) either acrylic or modacrylic fibers. In a preferred embodiment, the blend contains about 50 weight percent polypropylene fibers and about 50 weight percent modacrylic fibers. In another preferred embodiment, the blend contains about 50 weight percent polypropylene fibers and about 50 weight percent acrylic fibers. The fibers can be blended ranging from 90:10 to 10:90 polypropylene to acrylic or modacrylic. Performance of the blend is superior to the prior art filtration materials, especially at the preferred compositions.

Abstract: A plasma concentrator for producing plasma concentrate from a plasma from which erythrocytes have been substantially removed. The device comprises a concentrating chamber having an inlet port and an concentrate outlet, the concentrating chamber containing hydrogel beads and at least one inert agitator; and a concentrate chamber having an inlet communicating with the concentrator outlet through a filter, and having an plasma concentrate outlet port. A process for producing plasma concentrate from plasma from which erythrocytes have been substantially removed, comprising the steps of a) moving the plasma into a concentrating chamber containing hydrogel beads and an agitator to form a hydrogel bead-plasma mixture; b) causing the agitator to stir the hydrogel bead-plasma mixture, facilitating absorption of water by the beads from the plasma, until a hydrogel bead-plasma concentrate is formed; and c) separating the plasma concentrate from the hydrogel beads by passing the plasma concentrate through a filter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filter cloth intended for a filter which has a variable volume and is based on diaphragm extrusion, particularly for a Larox®-type vertical pressure filter. The filtering properties of the filter cloth (5) are substantially similar in both directions through the cloth since slurry containing liquid and solids is alternately placed on the different sides of the filter cloth. The filter cloth of the invention comprises a middle layer (15) and protective layers (16a, 16b; 17a, 17b) provided on both outer surfaces of the middle layer. The middle layer can have e.g. a woven structure, and the protective layers may be batt fiber layers attached to the middle layer by needling. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the protective layers according to the invention are denser than the middle layer.

Abstract: The filtration device of the present invention relies on materials and methodologies that achieve the formation of a structural matrix that may later accommodate the addition of other adsorbent materials as opposed to merely binding adsorbent materials together through the use of compression and/or binder materials. The filter device of the present invention relies on (i) a unique method of processing to achieve maximum density of materials, (ii) a polymeric material having a distinct morphology and (iii) a very small micron diameter of the polymeric material to create uniformity. For example, in place of compression to increase density, the materials comprising the filtration device of the present invention are instead vibrated into a mold cavity. Thus, the methodology of the current invention optimizes how all of the materials comprising the filtration device fit together without compaction. The material being processed is vibrated as it is gradually poured into the mold.

Abstract: The filtration device of the present invention relies on materials and methodologies that achieve the formation of a structural matrix that may later accommodate the addition of other adsorbent materials as opposed to merely binding adsorbent materials together through the use of compression and/or binder materials. The filter device of the present invention relies on (i) a unique method of processing to achieve maximum density of materials, (ii) a polymeric material having a distinct morphology and (iii) a very small micron diameter of the polymeric material to create uniformity. For example, in place of compression to increase density, the materials comprising the filtration device of the present invention are instead vibrated into a mold cavity. Thus, the methodology of the current invention optimizes how all of the materials comprising the filtration device fit together without compaction. The material being processed is vibrated as it is gradually poured into the mold.

Abstract: The filtration device of the present invention relies on materials and methodologies that achieve the formation of a structural matrix that may later accommodate the addition of other adsorbent materials as opposed to merely binding adsorbent materials together through the use of compression and/or binder materials. The filter device of the present invention relies on (i) a unique method of processing to achieve maximum density of materials, (ii) a polymeric material having a distinct morphology and (iii) a very small micron diameter of the polymeric material to create uniformity. For example, in place of compression to increase density, the materials comprising the filtration device of the present invention are instead vibrated into a mold cavity. Thus, the methodology of the current invention optimizes how all of the materials comprising the filtration device fit together without compaction. The material being processed is vibrated as it is gradually poured into the mold.

Abstract: A method and device for the filtration and/or purification of fluids water or other solutions containing microbiological and chemical contaminants, such as fluids containing cysts, bacteria and/or viruses, and heavy metals and/or pesticides, where the fluid is passed through a purification material composed of magnesium containing mineral and more preferably silicates containing magnesium, oxides containing magnesium, hydroxides containing magnesium, and phosphates containing magnesium and absorption media in a fixed binder matrix.

Abstract: A filter media having a micronized ion exchange additive associated with the filter media. Further, the filter media can have the micronized additive associated with the filter media through a charged linking polymer.

Abstract: This invention provides a filter medium 1 comprising at least 5,000 thermoplastic synthetic resin monofilaments 2 of 0.03 to 0.001 mm in diameter aligned in parallel orderly in a tape-like form, said monofilaments being linked with each other in the longer direction thereof to form a plurality or number of linkage band portions crossing therewith at almost right angles in substantial width direction thereof so as to keep the thus aligned monofilaments in parallel.

Abstract: Filters and methods for producing filter paper or paper-like nonwoven materially consisting partially or wholly of fibrous cellulose containing material. The filters provided are characterized by high filtration capacity and are capable of absorbing and binding undesirable foreign and attendant substances in the filter medium. The cellulose containing material of the is at least partially carbamided with urea and phosphorylated with phosphoric acid or ammonium phosphate until a nitrogen content in the form of carbamide groups of 1 to 4% and a phosphorous content of 3 to 8% are reached.