Abstract: A biomethod using a consortium of Pseudomonas sp. to reduce contaminants such as 1,4-dioxane in groundwater.

Abstract: The present invention relates to wastewater treatment in general and to methods of controlling odors and degrading compounds contained in wastewater in particular.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for remediating a failing wastewater treatment system comprising a positive air, oxygen, ozone, or combination thereof, generating pressure pump (40) directing the air, oxygen, ozone or combination through a tube (50) to an air stone (60) suspended in the effluent. Attached growth bacteria grow on a plurality or random directional brushes (116) in an effluent tank, e.g., septic tank (14).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for continuing, automated control of wastewater treatment processes. In certain preferred embodiments, method and apparatus for control of aeration in suspended growth biological treatment processes, especially in activated sludge processes.

Abstract: A process for the stabilization and disinfection of sludge wherein a) raw sludge having a dry matter content of from 3 to 7% by weight is fed continuously or quasi-continuously into a first stage, where it remains for an average retention time of three to ten days under aerobic-thermophilic conditions to obtain a partially stabilized sludge; and b) the partially stabilized sludge is fed into a second stage in which disinfection of the partially stabilized sludge is effected at temperatures of at least 50° C., wherein prior to discharging, there is no charging until the partially stabilized sludge has been disinfected.

Abstract: A system and method reducing pollution in a body of water using biological processes is provided. The system includes a hydraulic dam generated by an induced downwelling of effluent water from a plurality of water circulating devices. A series of linearly arranged treatment sub-systems are disposed upstream of the hydraulic dam. The treatment sub-systems include a water sterilization sub-system for neutralizing harmful and undesirable micro-organisms using an ultrasonic energy generating unit. The ultrasonic energy generated, is of a frequency that disrupts cellular structures in targeted micro-organisms.

Abstract: A membrane supported biofilm reactor uses modules having fine, hollow fibers, for example, made from melt spun thermoplastic polymers treated after spinning to increase their permeability to oxygen, used, for example, in tows or formed into a fabric. In one module, one or more sheets of the fabric are potted into a module to enable oxygen containing gas to be supplied to the lumens of the hollow fibers. Various reactors and processes, for example to treat wastewater, using such modules are described. In one process, oxygen travels through fibers, optionally through an attached biofilm, to oxygenate surrounding water. Mechanical, chemical and biological methods, for example endogenous respiration, are used to control the thickness of the biofilm.

Abstract: An activated sludge wastewater treatment method is provided. The disclosed method includes: receiving a stream of wastewater into a mixed liquor in an uncovered activated sludge basin; introducing high purity oxygen to the mixed liquor in the activated sludge basin to produce euoxic conditions (i.e. a dissolved oxygen level in the range of between about 5 mg to 15 mg) in the activated sludge basin; passing a portion of the mixed liquor in the activated sludge basin through a clarifier to separate activated sludge and produce an effluent stream and an activated sludge stream; and recycling a portion of the activated sludge stream to the activated sludge basin to produce a mixed liquor having a solids loading of between about 3000 mg and about 10000 mg of suspended solids per liter of mixed liquor and a solids retention time of between about 7 days and 40 days.

Abstract: A system and method for the treatment and reduction of sludge via ozonation in a wastewater treatment process is disclosed. The sludge treatment system comprises: a sludge ozonation reactor coupled to an activated sludge treatment basin and adapted to receive a liquid stream of sludge containing biosolids from the activated sludge treatment basin. The sludge treatment system also includes an ozone-enriched gas injection system operatively coupled to the reactor and adapted to inject ozone-enriched gas into the liquid stream at or upstream of the sludge ozonation reactor. The sludge ozonation reactor is configured to allow effective gas-liquid contacting between the ozone-enriched gas and the liquid stream so as to oxidize the biosolids in the liquid stream and initiate bacterial cell lysis thereby reducing the biosolids. Upon reduction of the biosolids, the liquid stream is returned via a return line to the activated sludge basin or other discharge point.

Abstract: A system for enhancing an activated sludge process that includes at least one aeration tank subsystem for receiving a flow a wastewater and for introducing dissolved oxygen to a population of microorganisms to promote growth of biological flocs in a mixed liquor defined by a concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids. A weighting agent impregnation subsystem includes an impregnation tank for mixing the mixed liquor, virgin weighting agent, and recycled weighting agent to impregnate the weighting agent into biological flocs suspended in the mixed liquor to form weighted biological flocs. A flocculant injection port located downstream from at least one aeration tank for introducing a flocculant to the mixed liquor for enhancing settling and thickening of the weighted biological flocs and for providing agglomeration of non-impregnated biological flocs and/or partially impregnated biological flocs with weighted biological flocs.

Abstract: A bioreactor is for processing a fluid stream. The bioreactor may include a bioreaction chamber for receiving the fluid stream therethrough, a pair of spaced apart gas header assemblies within the bioreaction chamber for coupling to first and second gases, a first plurality of hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) extending between the pair of gas header assemblies for introducing the first gas into the fluid stream within the bioreaction chamber, and a second plurality of HFMs extending between the pair of gas header assemblies for introducing the second gas into the fluid stream within the bioreaction chamber.

Abstract: Waste gas/wastewater treatment equipment treats waste gas in a scrubber 18 by using micronanobubble water produced in a micronanobubble reaction vessel 31 as washing water. Waste gas is efficiently cleaned by the substance surface high-velocity cleaning function which micronanobubbles have. The washing water having been used in the waste gas treatment is reused in wastewater treatment in adjustment tank 1, denitrification tank 3 and nitrification tank 11 which constitute a wastewater treatment section. Thus, the micronanobubbles contained in the washing water are utilized in wastewater treatment, so that efficiency of wastewater treatment is enhanced.

Abstract: A method and system for retrofitting an existing water treatment system having one or more biological reactor systems and one or more gravity clarifiers. To retrofit the existing water treatment system, the one or more gravity clarifiers of the existing water treatment system are converted to one or more biological reactors. In addition, one or more high rate clarifiers (HRCs) are added to the existing water treatment system. In some cases one or more high rate clarifiers are added downstream of the converted biological reactors, in other cases one or more HRCs is added upstream of the biological reactors, and in other cases a number of HRCs are added, upstream and downstream with respect to the biological reactors.

Abstract: A membrane distillation bioreactor (100) is provided for treating contaminated inflow such as wastewater. A contaminated inflow may be treated by biodegrading a contaminant in the inflow with a biological agent in the bioreactor to produce a lower contaminant inflow, which may be distilled, by membrane distillation, through a distillation membrane (108) in fluid communication with the bioreactor, to produce an outflow. The inflow may be wastewater. The outflow may be purified water. In one embodiment, the membrane may be located in the reaction chamber of the bioreactor vessel (102) and may be submerged in the mixed liquor. In a different embodiment suitable for wastewater treatment, the membrane may be located external to the bioreactor. The bioreactor may be aerobic or anaerobic.

Abstract: The entrapping immobilization pellets satisfy conditions: (A) the deformation rate expressed by (H0?H1)/H0×100 is 70% or more, where the thickness of the pellets before compression is H0 and the thickness of the pellets at the time the pellets are broken by compression is H1; and (B) the particle diameter falls within the range of 0.1 to 1.5 mm. The entrapping immobilization pellets are added to a biological treatment tank having no screen and the entrapping immobilization pellets discharged together with treated water to a solid-liquid separation tank are returned to the biological treatment tank by pumping. With this constitution, the entrapping immobilization pellets are less broken even if they are returned to the biological treatment tank by pumping, a conventional biological treatment tank in which wastewater is treated with activated sludge can be used without modification, and in addition, the particle diameter thereof can be reduced. Therefore, treatment efficiency can be markedly improved.

Abstract: In a water treatment system, micro-nano bubbles are used in a production device and a detoxification device as one example of the upstream treatment devices which perform specified treatment with use of water. The micro-nano bubbles are used again in the waste water treatment by a waste water pretreatment device and a waste water treatment device in the subsequent step. Since the micro-nano bubbles are reused, the efficiency of the micro-nano bubbles can be enhanced. Moreover, according to the waste water pretreatment device, treatment water is pretreated with the microorganisms activated by micro-nano bubbles and propagating in a polyvinylidene chloride filler material and then it is introduced into the waste water treatment device in the subsequent step. Thereby it is possible to reduce the waste water treatment load in the waste water treatment device in the subsequent step.

Abstract: A device and method for growing aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria such as Pseudomonas Fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Starkeya novella and various autotrophic sulfur metabolizing bacteria, along with methods for releasing these bacteria into suspended growth or fixed film wastewater treatment zones such as soil or media, for the purposes of bioremediation and the removal of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon wastes.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system for treating wastewater by processes which include aeration. The system includes an influent conduit for delivery of wastewater to be processed and a treatment tank for processing of the wastewater. Also included is an air conduit for providing compressed air for aeration of the wastewater and a particle size regulation device disposed between the conduit and the tank, wherein the particle size regulation device regulates a size of particles present in the wastewater to provide particle size regulated wastewater. The system also includes at least one aeration jet having a nozzle diameter sized to allow the particle size regulated wastewater to pass through the nozzle.

Abstract: A method of stimulating nitrification at low SRT by elevating pCO2 during aeration is disclosed. The improvement on solids settling performance when elevated pCO2 was supplied after 2 hours within the React cycle is consistent with the previous results that identified inorganic carbon as a potential remedy to poor settling and bulking sludge problems in activated sludge systems. Elevated pCO2 increases the concentration of carbon dioxide and lowers the pH, which improve nitrification. The specific growth rate of nitrifying bacteria is sensitive to pCO2, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO). The DO is a function of the aeration rate. Elevating the pCO2 and lowering the aeration rate provides conditions for nitrification rates that are comparable to conventional systems. However, the lower aeration rate yields significant energy cost savings.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to a process for decreasing waste material. The process includes loading organic material into a vessel, supplying ozone and water into the vessel, separating the organic material into solid material and liquid material, and reconditioning water from the liquid material for use again. The ozone oxidizes and breaks down at least a portion of the organic material.

Abstract: The known activated sludge processes have several disadvantages. With the conventional sludge processes only a limited high dry matter content TSBB can be achieved in an activated sludge tank and a high amount of return sludge has to be pumped. The dry matter content TSFB on the membranes is limited upwards using the membrane activated sludge process however, wherein a dilution by adding a large volume flow of a mixture of sewage and activated sludge from the activated sludge tank to the membranes has to be achieved. To overcome these disadvantages, the invention further proposes to have the drain of the activated sludge tank undergo an incomplete solid/liquid-separation.

Abstract: A system and method for treating wastewater includes a treatment container for receiving and treating wastewater and a mixing/aeration system disposed in the treatment container. Wastewater is pumped under pressure from the treatment container through a solids/liquid separation system, preferably comprising multiple parallel membrane bioreactors, to separate the solids and liquids in the wastewater. Liquid retentate from the solids/liquid separation system is cycled back to the treatment container via the mixing/aeration system. The closed-loop system and method for solids/liquid separation and aeration/mixing provides for reduced equipment requirements and energy usage during operation.

Abstract: Remediation for groundwater, soil, sediment bodies, bodies of water, tanks, pipes, and their surrounding areas are described. Remediation includes treating a site contaminated with toxic organic compounds by assessing for the presence or absence of suitable ozonophilic bacteria at the site and introducing ozone to the site. The ozonophilic bacteria are introduced to the site if the ozonophilic bacteria are not present or not present in sufficient quantities in the site. Ozone is introduced to the site in an amount sufficient to stimulate growth of the suitable ozonophilic bacteria. Other oxidants can also be used.

Abstract: A waster water treatment apparatus has micro-nano bubbles generation tanks, mixing tanks, a submerged membrane tank, a contact oxidation tank, and an activated charcoal adsorption device. In the micro-nano bubbles generation tanks, micro-nano bubbles are added to the waste water. In the mixing tanks, the waste water containing micro-nano bubbles is mixed with sludge containing microorganisms. In the contact oxidation tank, the waste water containing organofluoric compounds is microbially treated by the micro-nano bubbles added to the waste water. The micro-nano bubbles activate microorganisms in the waste water. Thereby organofluoric compounds are microbially decomposed with effect.

Abstract: The invention provides the use of an effective amount of a non-oxidizing water-soluble biocide in the improvement of sludge quality by reducing the sludge tendency towards bulking, wherein the biocide comprises an alkyl-substituted phosphonium compound, an alkyl-substituted phosphine, an alkyl-substituted phosphine condensate, or a polymeric quaternary ammonium compound.

Abstract: A method of treating organic matter-containing waste liquid, which is formed as a byproduct in a plant for the production of oxygen-containing compounds or liquid hydrocarbons (including liquid fuel oil and chemicals, which are produced from natural gas through a synthetic gas), having the step of: treating the waste liquid at a high temperature of 40° C. or higher, while being aerated, by using a membrane bioreactor (2) that is equipped with a separation membrane (7b).

Abstract: Systems and methods have been developed for treating the waste water contaminated with methanol and boron in addition to other contaminants. The systems and methods allow specifically for the removal of the methanol and boron without the addition of significant chemicals to raise the pH. The water is treated by removing the methanol via biological digestion in a bioreactor, separating a majority of the contaminants from the water by reverse osmosis and removing the boron that passes through the reverse osmosis system with a boron-removing ion exchange resin.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for water treatment are described, particularly for the simultaneous removal of nitrate, perchlorate, and other organic contaminates from contaminated water using a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR).

Abstract: A liquid aeration apparatus includes a vessel having sidewalls, a closed bottom end and, a liquid outlet being provided at or near the upper end. The sidewalls define a cross-sectional interior open area with a vertical depth. An air diffuser is positioned within the interior open area of the vessel. A liquid intake conduit is positioned with an inlet end located at or near the upper end of the vessel and an outlet located near the bottom end of the vessel.

Abstract: A method for treating ammonium-containing waste water by means of a single sludge system in an SBR reactor, in which ammonium is converted to nitrite in a first reaction and ammonium and nitrite are converted into molecular nitrogen in a second reaction carried out in parallel, the oxygen concentration in the reactor being maintained at a low level. A robust process is achieved by providing that the pH-value of the system is controlled and kept at a target value by controlled intermittent aeration, the fluctuation range of the pH-value amounting to 0.05 at most, and preferably 0.02 at most, and the O2-concentration being kept between 0.2 mg/l and 0.4 mg/l, and preferably between 0.25 mg/l and 0.35 mg/l.

Abstract: A process for conversion of organic wastes into biofertilizers such as soil conditioning agents of fertilizer grade, culture grade and soil grade is provided. Also provided is a process for conversion of organic wastes into material for converting waste water into reusable water. The invention provides methods for conversion of organic solid wastes to biofertilizers and reusable water in the presence of a geophagus earthworm Pheretima elongata culure to produce a variety of valuable soil conditioning products and reusable water.

Abstract: Gases containing smoke, pollutants and volatile organic compounds (VOC's) and a mixing liquid are blended in a swirling vortex into a liquid/gas mixture. Motive air and biological and/or chemical degradation material are introduced through a plurality of spiral jet fluid mixers into the liquid/gas mixture to create a turbulent fluid flow pattern to cause aeration of the liquid/gas mixture, reduce its chemical oxygen demand (COD), and entrain the biological and/or chemical degradation material in the mixture. The biological and/or chemical degradation material significantly reduces or eliminates the pollutants and volatile organic compounds (VOC's) in the aerated liquid/gas mixture to produce a non-volatile liquid, which flows into a reservoir, holding pond or vegetated pond. A portion of the aerated non-volatile liquid may be conducted to a pond containing vegetative growth to complete carbon dioxide conversion via photosynthesis, and vegetative growth from the pond may be harvested.

Abstract: A method of biofiltration of a liquid effluent by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification uses the adding of an oxygen source at a predetermined rate and optionally the adding of a carbon source (such as whey) thus enabling the complete transformation of the nitrates (NO3) present in the effluent at the time of treatment through a biofilter. The specific operating conditions favoring the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification include the controlled injection of a slight quantity of air, adjustment of the level of nitrogen load (TKN+NO3) and the level of carbon load thereby making possible elimination for the most part of the release of unwanted nitrogen in the form of NO3 or NO2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating water with activated sludge containing micro-organisms. The method comprises the steps of: preparing an environmentally adapted biomass mixture by adapting the activated sludge to a quantity of water having given characteristics in a single reactor under first levels of aeration, whereby the environmentally adapted biomass mixture acquires the capacity to cause concurrent reactions for BOD removal, nitrification and de-nitrification; and treating a portion of water having substantially the same given characteristics with the environmentally adapted biomass mixture capable of causing the concurrent reactions, in the single reactor under a second level of aeration not higher than the first levels of aeration.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a substantially odorless biologically mediated treatment process for solid and liquid organic wastes. The present invention also provides for a novel nutrient rich humus material produced from the biologically mediated treatment process. The bioconversion process of the present invention results from low electron acceptor concentrations and high quantities of microorganisms in a diverse microbial community.

Abstract: A continuous flow multistage aerobic wastewater sludge treatment system and process comprising at least two stages connected in series, each stage comprising one or more covered tanks, tank segments or compartments, each having an enclosed separate gas headspace, wherein the gas headspaces of each stage are connected in a specified sequence that may be identical to or different from the staging sequence followed by the sludge liquid. An oxygen containing gas stream, such as air or an oxygen enriched gas stream, is supplied to the headspace of each stage, and a means for aerating the sludge in one or more of the tanks, tank segments or compartments is provided to enhance the transfer of oxygen from the gas headspace into the sludge liquid for use by bacteria in digestion of the sludge. At least one stage of the sludge digestion system is operated at a thermophilic temperature above 50° C.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for treating organic wastewater and sludge which remarkably reduce the generated amount of sludge at a much lower running cost, and which reduce the size and the capacity of the solubilization tank. The method and apparatus for treating sludge employs a biological treatment system, wherein a biological treatment of wastewater is carried out, and a solid-liquid separation unit for separating a solid from a liquid in the wastewater after the biological treatment, to obtain a treated wastewater and a sludge. The apparatus has a means for obtaining a withdrawn sludge from a part of the sludge and an alkali-treatment tank, wherein an alkali-treatment of the withdrawn sludge is carried out. The apparatus also has a biological solubilization tank which solubilizes the sludge after the alkali-treatment under an anaerobic, anoxic or microaerophilic condition, and a means for recycling the solubilized sludge to the biological treatment system.

Abstract: Bioventing methods create a bacterial treatment zone at a contaminated site by supplying a hydrocarbon food source to the treatment zone, and recirculating the hydrocarbon to the treatment zone. The inventing methods may inject, circulate, extract and reinject hydrocarbons such as butane or other alkanes to the subsurface at a contaminated site to create a bacterial treatment zone. Contaminated vapors extracted from the soil and/or groundwater may be reintroduced into the site. Hydrocarbons that are not consumed by the bacteria in the treatment zone may be extracted and recovered for recirculation into the treatment zone.

Abstract: A sequencing batch membrane bioreactor is provided, comprising a wastewater reservoir, at least one sequencing batch bioreactor, and a membrane reactor. The wastewater reservoir collects and stores wastewater. The sequencing batch bioreactor receives the wastewater in batches from the wastewater reservoir for performing a stirring and aeration process to remove ammonia-based nitrogen, phosphoric ions and organic substance from the wastewater. The membrane reactor is disposed outside of the sequencing batch bioreactor, wherein the wastewater is introduced from the sequencing batch bioreactor to the membrane reactor, treated with solid-liquid separation, and discharged.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for treating a mixture of a solid and a liquid, the mixture including a contaminant. The process comprises the step of subjecting the mixture to cavitation wherein at least a portion of the contaminant is chemically decomposed. The process subsequently comprises the step of introducing a pre-determined biological species into the treated mixture to give a desired biological outcome, such as a biodegradation treatment, remediation or decomposition of the contaminant. Such a dual process can reduce the concentration of a contaminant to extremely low levels as well as achieve outcomes that the introduction of a biological species alone is not able to achieve.

Abstract: The invention relates to saturating various fluid media with oxygen, for example for aeration and can be used for the food industry, pharmaceutics, perfumery and cosmetics, physio- and aromotherapy, water supply systems, fishing and agriculture, including producing beverages, good additives, drugs, novel perfume and cosmetic products, inhalation and bathing, for improving the habitat and increasing a productivity of fish and other useful animals and microorganisms in aquariums, ponds, pools and for producing means for processing plants and animals. The inventive method for processing a fluid medium consists in passing an oxygen-containing gas flow which is pre-saturated by phyto-excretes of vegetating or cut plants through said medium.

Abstract: There is provided a reaction system capable of, in the feeding of liquid stored after gas-liquid mixing into waste water to be treated of a reaction tank, conditioning the interior of the reaction tank to a pressurized state so as to simultaneously accomplish enhancement of utilization efficiency of gas phase and further reduction of the amount of excess sludge generated. There is further provided a biological purification process characterized in that microorganisms fulfill purification activity in a pressurized reaction tank having a pressure other than deep water pressure applied thereto. Preferably, together with water to be treated, reactant gas such as pure oxygen, ozone-containing oxygen (ozonized oxygen) or air is fed into the pressurized reaction tank. With respect to gas and liquid fed into the reaction tank, preferably, reactant gas is fed in the form of dissolved gas or microbubbles by means of a gas-liquid mixing unit (line atomizer).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the aerobic-thermophilic stabilization and decontamination of sludge, in which a) raw sludge having a dry substance concentration of 3 to 7 percent by weight is fed to a first stage and remains there for an average dwell time of four to ten days at minimum temperatures of 42° C. while an oxygen-containing gas is added so as to obtain partially stabilized sludge, b) said partially stabilized sludge is fed to a second stage in which the same is further stabilized and decontaminated for an average dwell time that amounts to 30 to 70 percent of the average dwell time of the first stage at temperatures exceeding 500° C. while adding an oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for purifying wastewater loaded with organic matter, said method including: a step of contacting wastewater with a biological culture containing a purifying biomass and a step of separating performed by filtration through organic or inorganic membranes. The invention is characterized in that at least part of the biological culture is subjected to an oxidative stress step enabling a liquor to be obtained by the action of at least one oxidizing agent used in small amount so as to preserve the biological activity of the purifying biomass while modifying the microbial floc to make it denser.

Abstract: Systems and methods have been developed for reclaiming water contaminated with the expected range of contaminants typically associated with produced water in order to produce a treated water having a quality adequate for reuse as a fracturing water. The system includes anaerobically digesting the contaminated water, followed by aerating the water to enhance biological digestion. After aeration, the water is separated using a flotation operation that effectively removes the spent friction reducing agents and allows the treated water to be reclaimed and reused as fracturing water, even though it retains levels of contaminants, including boron and methanol, that would prevent its discharge to the environment under existing standards. The treated water has had a sufficient amount of the gellation-inhibiting contaminants, such as acrylamide friction reducing compounds, removed to allow the treated water to be an economically viable fracturing water.

Abstract: A method includes: disposing a filter into a body of wastewater containing active sludge, the filter including a supporting member having an outlet, and a filter media enclosing the supporting member and supported by the supporting member so as to have a predetermined firm shape, the filter media including a non-woven substrate and a fibrous filtering layer attached to the non-woven substrate and having a pore diameter ranging from 0.001 to 15 ?m and a layer thickness ranging from 10 to 200 ?m, the fibrous filtering layer being made from fibers having a fiber diameter ranging from 20 to 1000 nm; and driving the wastewater to pass through the filter using a pump connected to the outlet of the supporting member of the filter.

Abstract: A method and system for ballast water treatment are provided. A vacuum is applied directly to an existing vent of a vessel's ballast water tank during the vessel's voyage. The applied vacuum is in a range of approximately ?2 to ?4 pounds per square inch. To further assure success, living organisms can be added into the ballast water tank to consume (i) oxygen dissolved in the ballast water, and (ii) food sources for selected organisms contained in the ballast water. No modifications to the vessel's ballast water tank are required as all system components are coupled to the existing vent.

Abstract: Systems and methods have been developed for reclaiming water contaminated with the expected range of contaminants typically associated with produced water, including water contaminated with slick water, methanol and boron. The system includes anaerobically digesting the contaminated water, followed by aerating the water to enhance biological digestion. After aeration, the water is separated using a flotation operation that effectively removes the spent friction reducing agents and allows the treated water to be reclaimed and reused as fracturing water, even though it retains levels of contaminants, including boron and methanol, that would prevent its discharge to the environment under existing standards. The treated water may further be treated by removing the methanol via biological digestion in a bioreactor, separating a majority of the contaminants from the water by reverse osmosis and removing the boron that passes through the reverse osmosis system with a boron-removing ion exchange resin.

Abstract: Introducing a combination of suspended attached growth Medias and biological reactants into a sewage treatment process with or without additional reaction to improve and increase capacity of a given process. Media and biological reactants can be disposed in a perforated container or flexible container that can be submerged in a sequencing bed reactor or the aeration and/or mixing tanks of an activated sludge sewage treatment process.

Abstract: The invention concerns a novel isolated microorganism characterized in that it is capable of: i) transforming Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and/or nitrogen oxides into gas nitrogen; and ii) transforming carbonaceous matter into carbon dioxide; both transformation processes being carried out in aerobic condition. The invention also concerns a method for treating wastewater using said microorganism.