Abstract: Methods and compositions for detackifying and dispersing, and coagulating/flocculating and dispersing solventborne and waterborne paints, respectively, in paint spray booth waters are disclosed. An aqueous composition of water soluble cationic polymer, nonionic surfactant and amphoteric surfactant is used in conjunction with a silicate compound to treat the paint spray booth waters.

Abstract: A process is provided which can be used to clarify substantially aqueous streams and optionally separate biosolids, especially proteins, from food processing operations which comprises contacting an aqueous stream comprising biosolids with an anionic inorganic colloid and an organic polymer, to flocculate the biosolids.

Abstract: Methods for removing suspended particles from a solution are disclosed. These methods generally comprise adding to the solution to be treated an effective amount of a composition comprising a Mannich derivatized polyether. The polyether is generally described as the condensation polymer of Mannich derivatized bisphenol and a difunctional monomer. The methods have broad application in a wide variety of industries and are effective in removal of all types of suspended particles even when numerous types of particles are contained within the same solution.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for clarifying waters and wastewaters by using aluminum salts and/or aluminum polymers and newly formulated high molecular weight quaternized polymers. The aluminum polymers and the high molecular weight quaternized polymers are blended in the water or wastewater to form a flocculated suspension, causing liquid-solid separation. The quaternized polymers have a molecular weight of greater than approximately 1,000,000 and have a viscosity greater than about 1,000 cps at a concentration of approximately 20% in water. Preferably, poly-aluminum hydroxychloride, poly-aluminum chloride and poly-aluminum siloxane sulfate are used as aluminum polymers along with high molecular weight quaternized polymers such as di-allyl di-methyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC), to significantly improve liquid-solid separation in waters and wastewaters. Aluminum salts, such as alums and aluminum chloride, can also be used along with the quaternized polymers to clarify water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new method for dewatering difficult sludges, such as autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion sludges. The method incorporates a three-component treatment system. Initially, the difficult sludge is dosed with an inorganic coagulant and then the resulting sludge-inorganic mixture is dosed with a microparticle component. Lastly, the resulting mixture is dosed with a high molecular weight flocculant.

Abstract: A process for reducing the level of colloidal iron in a Bayer process stream comprises intermixing an amidoxime polymer with a Bayer process stream and separating the resultant polymer-iron complex to provide purified sodium aluminate solution.

Abstract: Cationic polymers are added to wastewater containing colorants to form a cationic polymer/colorant complex. Anionic polymers are then added to the wastewater to produce a flocculent precipitate that is separated from the wastewater.

Abstract: A method for dewatering coal tailings, clean coal products and mineral slurries with an effective coagulating amount of a combination of a cationic polymer and a starch. A preferred cationic polymer is poly(dimethylaminoethylacrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt) and preferred starches are unmodified.

Abstract: A method and treatment composition for neutralizing formaldehdye. The treatment composition contains polyethylenimine, urea and an acid having a pH of less than 6. Treatment of formaldehyde solutions with the treatment composition results in a suspension that it easily disposable and non-toxic.

Abstract: Processes for spray drying water-soluble and water-swellable vinyl-addition polymer-containing dispersions, emulsions and microemulsions to obtain substantially dry water-soluble or water-swellable polymer particles, compositions of substantially dry water-soluble or water-swellable polymer particles, methods of agglomerating spray-dried polymer particles, and methods of using spray-dried polymer particles and agglomerates in water-treating, mining, paper, food processing, soil conditioning, solution thickening, biotechnological, and oil recovery applications are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for dehydrating a waste hydrocarbon sludge, includes the steps of: (a) providing a waste hydrocarbon sludge in the form of an emulsion of water and oil having a water content greater than or equal to about 10% vol; (b) providing a solution of a clarifying agent in formation water; (c) mixing the waste hydrocarbon sludge with the solution so as to provide a sludge-water mixture having a ratio of water to hydrocarbon of at least about 1:1; (d) adding a demulsifier to the sludge-water mixture to provide a sludge-water-demulsifier mixture; (e) heating the sludge-water-demulsifier mixture to a sufficient temperature and holding for a time sufficient to provide a hydrocarbon phase having a water content of less than or equal to about 1% vol.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method for clarifying ink-laden water obtained from the recycling of paper stocks by treating said water with a hydrophilic dispersion polymer. The hydrophilic dispersion polymer of the invention is a copolymer of a diallyl N,N-disubstituted ammonium halide cationic monomer and (meth)acrylamide (AcAm). Following dosing with the polymer, a floc is formed. The floc contains ink and impurities which are removed from the water process stream by means of solid liquid separation; the solid liquid separation comprising a dissolved air flotation method. A preferred copolymer is formed from DADMAC and AcAm.

Abstract: Metal ions and/or complexes of metal ions are removed from a solution by formation of an insoluble chelated complex of the metal ions and a polymeric precipitating agent. A two-step process of mixing the influent with the precipitating agent is used to induce rapid precipitation and obtain large, self-agglomerated precipitate without addition of flocculating agent and/or pH adjustment. In addition, parallel loops are employed to simultaneously discharge treated metal-free solution and effectively collect/remove the precipitate-containing sludge without interfering with each other. The metal capturing capacity of the polymeric precipitant is maximized by forcing the influent solution through layers of the collected precipitate and by recycling unsaturated metal-precipitant complexes in the processing loop.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for detackifying and dispersing, and coagulating/flocculating and dispersing solventborne and waterborne paints, respectively, in paint spray booth waters are disclosed. An aqueous composition of water soluble cationic polymer, nonionic surfactant and amphoteric surfactant is used in conjunction with a silicate compound to treat the paint spray booth waters.

Abstract: There is provided water insoluble cross-linked polycarboxylic acid having at least two strands in a strand skeleton of the formula: ##STR1## wherein one carbonyl group of at least one maleoyl moiety thereof in each strand is covalently linked to a--HN.[(H).sub.p (CH).sub.2.(OH).sub.m ].NH-- moietyto provide the presence therein of at least one cross linked moiety of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R is hydrogen or lower alkylene or lower alkoxy of 1-4 carbon atoms, or phenyl, x and y are integers, z is an integer of 1-6, p is 0 or an integer up to z-1, m is 0 or an integer up to z, and w is an integer from 2-12. There is disclosed a method of making such polycarboxylic acid as well as methods of utilizing same to remove proteins from aqueous media containing same to provide a matrix. Methods are disclosed for recovering proteins from said matrix without denaturing them and methods for recovering the polycarboxylic acid from said matrix.

Abstract: A process and system for removing silica from large volumes of wastewater is disclosed. In the process, a wastewater stream containing silica is treated with a chemical coagulant, such as a epichlorohydrin/dimethylamine polymer, to create spherical particles which agglomerate into clusters having a diameter greater than 5 microns. Treated wastewater is passed through a microfiltration membrane which physically separates the silica contaminant particle from the wastewater. Commercially available microfiltration membranes having a pore size from 0.5 micron to 5 microns may be used. The treated wastewater flow rate through the microfiltration membranes can range from 150 gallons per square foot of membrane per day ("GFD") to 600 GFD. Solids are removed from the membrane surface by periodically backflushing the microfiltration membranes and draining solids at timed intervals from the filtration vessel within which the membranes are located.

Abstract: A method for reducing turbidity in laundry waste water comprising the steps of treating said water with effective amounts of a first polymer comprised of a dialkyl diallyl ammonium halide containing (meth)acrylic acid moieties and a second anionic, nonionic or cationic acrylamide polymer is disclosed.

Abstract: A process and system for removing heavy metals, fluoride, silica and other contaminants from large volumes of wastewater is disclosed. In the process, a wastewater stream containing the contaminant is treated with a chemical coagulant to create a particle having a diameter greater than 5 microns. Treated wastewater is passed through a microfiltration membrane which physically separates the metal contaminant particle from the wastewater. Commercially available microfiltration membranes having a pore size from 0.5 micron to 5 microns may be used. The treated wastewater flow rate through the microfiltration membranes can range from 700 gallons per square foot of membrane per day ("GFD") to 1500 GFD. Solids are removed from the membrane surface by periodically backflushing the microfiltration membranes and draining the filtration vessel within which the membranes are located. The dislodged solid material within the filtration vessel is flushed into a holding tank for further processing of the solids.

Abstract: A process and system for removing heavy metals, fluoride, silica and other contaminants from large volumes of wastewater is disclosed. In the process, a wastewater stream containing the contaminant is treated with a chemical coagulant to create a particle having a diameter greater than 5 microns. Treated wastewater is passed through a microfiltration membrane which physically separates the metal contaminant particle from the wastewater. Commercially available microfiltration membranes having a pore size from 0.5 micron to 5 microns may be used. The treated wastewater flow rate through the microfiltration membranes can range from 700 gallons per square foot of membrane per day ("GFD") to 1500 GFD. Solids are removed from the membrane surface by periodically backflushing the microfiltration membranes and draining the filtration vessel within which the membranes are located. The dislodged solid material within the filtration vessel is flushed into a holding tank for further processing of the solids.

Abstract: Water-soluble, branched, high molecular weight, cationic and non-ionic polymeric flocculants capable of manifesting their full performance potential without shearing are produced by polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated cationic and non-ionic monomers and a branching agent in the presence of a chain-transfer agent. They are useful as flocculating agents for releasing water from dispersions of suspended solids.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of purifying contaminated degreasing liquids including (a) adding a collection polymer or polymer mixture forming two phases to the degreasing liquid; (b) mixing the collection polymer with the degreasing liquid; (c) separating the collection polymer and the degreasing liquid gravimetrically, whereby the collection polymer and the major part of the contaminants form a hydrophobic bottom phase and the degreasing agent forms a hydrophilic top phase; (d) removing the bottom phase; and (e) reusing the top phase directly or for further processing.

Abstract: A process and system for removing heavy metals, fluoride, silica and other contaminants from large volumes of wastewater is disclosed. In the process, a wastewater stream containing the contaminant is treated with a chemical coagulant to create a particle having a diameter greater than 5 microns. Treated wastewater is passed through a microfiltration membrane which physically separates the metal contaminant particle from the wastewater. Commercially available microfiltration membranes having a pore size from 0.5 micron to 5 microns may be used. The treated wastewater flow rate through the microfiltration membranes can range from 700 gallons per square foot of membrane per day ("GFD") to 1500 GFD. Solids are removed from the membrane surface by periodically backflushing the microfiltration membranes and draining the filtration vessel within which the membranes are located. The dislodged solid material within the filtration vessel is flushed into a holding tank for further processing of the solids.

Abstract: Processes for improving solids/liquids separation efficiency in the Bayer process are disclosed, wherein Bayer process streams are treated with calcium or magnesium salts, flocculated with carboxylic acid or salt group-containing polymers, and centrifuged.

Abstract: A suspension is dosed with a coagulant and then with a flocculant and is dewatered to form a thickened sludge or cake and separated liquor, and control of the dewatering performance is improved by adding the flocculant at a predetermined dosage, monitoring the charge in the separated liquor (or monitoring other dewatering parameter of the separated liquor or suspension) and adding coagulant at a dosage selected in response to the monitored charge or other parameter value in order to maintain the value substantially at a preselected optimum value.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of cationic water-soluble polymers are provided, as well as processes for making and methods of using the same.

Abstract: Water-soluble, branched, high molecular weight, cationic polymer flocculants are disclosed, as well as methods of making the same and methods of dewatering suspended solids using the same.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of cationic water-soluble polymers are provided, as well as processes for making and methods of using the same.

Abstract: A sludge dehydrating agent which is excellent in storage stability and prevented from becoming water-insoluble during storage and hence can be distributed in the market securely by solving the problem of the conventional dehydrating agents comprising amphoteric polymers that they undergo deterioration and become water-insoluble when stored for long, thus becoming substantially unusable. This dehydrating agent comprises a copolymer composed of cationic vinyl monomer units, vinylic carboxylic acid monomer units and nonionic vinyl monomer units and a salt of a group IIA metal of the periodic table. Preferable examples of the vinylic carboxylic acid monomer include acrylic, methacrylic and crotonic acids, while those of the nonionic vinyl monomer include acrylamide and methacrylamide. The metal salts usable herein include those of mineral acids and organic carboxylic acids, and preferable mineral acid salts include calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate.

Abstract: Water is separated from crude oil by a process in which the oil demulsifier used is a mixture ofA) compounds which have demulsifying activity and are of the structure type of the(a) polyethyleneimine alkoxylate,(b) mono- or oligoamine alkoxylate,(c) alkoxylated alkylphenol/formaldehyde resins,(d) alkoxylated amine-modified alkylphenol/formaldehyde resins,(e) co- or terpolymers of alkoxylated acrylates or methacrylates with vinyl compounds,(f) condensates of mono- or oligoamine alkoxylates, dicarboxylic acids and alkylene oxide block copolymers, where these condensates may furthermore be completely or partially quaternized at the nitrogen atoms, or(g) compounds (a) to (f) reacted with crosslinking agents andB) as a demulsifying assistant, a polyalkylene glycol ether which has no demulsifying activity and is of the general formula I or IIR.sup.1 ?(OA.sup.1).sub.a --OH!.sub.n (I)H--(OA.sup.1).sub.b --(OA.sup.2).sub.c --(OA.sup.3).sub.d --OH(II)whereR.sup.1 is a monovalent to decavalent C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a stable water-in-oil emulsion of a hydrolyzed polymer of an N-vinyl amide of the formula ##STR1## in which R and R.sup.1 denote H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, by the polymerization of a compound of the formula I alone or in admixture with another ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of a polymerization initiator and emulsifier in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion, to form a water-in-oil polymeric emulsion, followed by hydrolysis of the polymer in the form of the water-in-oil polymeric emulsion in the presence of an acid or base and from 1 to 30 wt %, based on the polymer, of an emulsifier, the emulsifier used being a mixture of(a) from 5 to 95 wt % of a block or graft copolymer of the structure (A-B)m, (A)-B or (B)-A, in which in each case(a) from 5 to 95 wt % of a block or graft copolymer of the structure (A-B).sub.m, (A).sub.n B or (B).sub.

Abstract: An improved method for treating over-sprayed, solvent-based paints which comprises adding an effective amount of a chelating agent to the circulating water of a paint spray booth, thereby improving the dispersibillty of solvent-based paints, particularly in high-hardness waters.

Abstract: A method for flocculating suspended solids from an aqueous system containing water and said suspended solids comprising adding to said aqueous system an effective amount of a flocculating agent, wherein said flocculating agent is a pourable non-aqueous, polymer composition containing less than about 5%, water and greater than 60%, polymer solids. The polymer of the instant polymer compositions may be anionic, non-ionic, cationic or amphoteric. Related compositions are also claimed.

Abstract: Tabletized ionene polymers, methods for their preparation and their use in water treatment is described. The tablet contains about 5 to about 60 percent by weight of an ionene polymer, about 40 to about 95 percent by weight of a salt carrier matrix, 0 to about 10 percent by weight of a disintegration rate regulator, and 0 to about 10 percent by weight of an anticaking agent. The tablets may be made by mixing an aqueous solution of an ionene polymer with a carrier matrix to form a moist mass, drying the moist mass to form granules, reducing the granule size to form a powder, and compressing the powder into a tablet. The tablets are useful in a wide variety of water treatment applications. Accordingly, the specification describes a method for controlling the growth of microorganisms in an aqueous system. Using the method, one treats an aqueous system with an ionene polymer in an amount effective to control the growth of at least one microorganism. The ionene polymer is contained in a tablet of the invention.

Abstract: A storage stable, flowable aqueous dispersion of an amphoteric water-soluble polymer with good handling as well as a method of manufacturing the same are provided. Such an aqueous dispersion can be effectively used for flocculating and/or dehydrating sludge, or for separating and treating oil-containing industrial waste water, as a drainage aid, a retention aid, or recovering substances from white water in the papermaking process. The aqueous dispersion of an amphoteric water-soluble polymer is obtained by polymerizing a mixture of monomers comprising a specific cationic monomer and an anionic monomer as essential components wish stirring in an aqueous salt solution incapable of dissolving the produced polymer and in the presence of a polymer electrolyte dispersant soluble in said aqueous salt solution.

Abstract: Oil emulsions are broken in a particularly advantageous manner by adding to them a breaker which comprises poly-DADMAC and polyalkylenepolyamines.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of removing emulsified oil from an industrial wastewater stream. According to the method, a vinylamine polymer is added to the oil containing wastewater in a concentration of from about 0.1 to about 100 parts per million based on the total volume of the water being treated. The vinylamine polymer includes from about 1 to about 100 mole percent vinylamine and from about 1 to about 99 mole percent of at least 1 monomer selected from the group consisting of amidine, vinylformamide, vinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate, vinyl pyrrolidinone and the esters, amides, nitriles and salts of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. The addition of the polymer to the oil containing wastewater causes the emulsified oil to flocculate. The flocculated oil is then removed from the wastewater.

Abstract: An aqueous suspension of coagulatable material is coagulated by adding polymeric coagulant to the suspension and then separating the resultant coagulated material from the liquor. The coagulatable material may be present in the aqueous suspension as a suspension of suspended solids or as colloidally dispersed solids. The suspension may be coal tailings or other aqueous (generally mineral) suspension. The polymeric material must be a low molecular weight, highly ionic, polymeric material formed from a diallyl dialkyl ammonium salt. It is added to the aqueous suspension while in the form of polymeric particles having a size mainly above 30 .mu.m and that will dissolve into the suspension and coagulate the coagulatable material. An anionic high molecular weight, flocculant is generally added subsequently in order to flocculate the coagulated material.

Abstract: Polymer polyols and polymer-modified polyols having substantially no transition metal content in the polyol continuous phase may be prepared from encapsulative double metal cyanide complex-catalyzed polyoxyalkylene polyether base polyols without substantial removal of double metal cyanide complex catalyst residues from the base polyol and subsequent in situ polymerization of one or more polymerizable monomers.

Abstract: Metal ions are removed from solution by contacting the solution with a combination of a water-soluble cationic polymer and a water-soluble polymer containing pendant hydroxamic acid or salt groups.

Abstract: A mill waste or deinking waste or other suspension containing cellulosic material and hydrophobic material is flocculated by a cationic polymeric flocculant and the flocculated material, is then aggregated by a swelling clay or other anionic colloidal material, optionally further cationic flocculant is added, and the aggregated material is then separated by belt pressing or other pressure filtration as a cake.

Abstract: The invention is a method for clarifying waste water containing turbidity-causing components which comprises: adding to said water an effective turbidity-reducing amount of a water-soluble silicon-containing copolymer coagulant prepared from diallyldimethylammonium halide and a vinyltrialkoxysilane; mixing said copolymer and said water with a mechanical stirring device for sufficient time to allow flocculation of the turbidity-causing components; and then separating the flocculated turbidity-causing components from the waste water to obtain clarified water. Useful polymers for the practice of this invention are copolymers of diallyldimethylammonium halide and vinyltrialkoxysilane.

Abstract: Quaternized tertiary aminomethyl acrylamide polymer emulsions are treated by 1) adjusting the pH to about 3.6 to about 4.8, 2) adding a formaldehyde scavenger, 3) adjusting the water content of the aqueous phase to result in about 10-45 weight percent of quaternized aminomethylated acrylamide polymer and 4) heating the resultant emulsion at from about 40.degree. C. to about 80.degree. C. for about 3 to about 20 hours so as to render them more stable, capable of inversion in water independent of water temperature or pH of the medium flocculant and superior dewatering ability.

Abstract: This invention relates to the clarification of natural waters containing turbidity-causing components. This method comprises the addition of a stable colloidal silica suspension and water based polymeric coagulant to the turbid water. The components of the invention may be added independently, or blended together so that addition is simultaneous. The colloidal silica may also be conditioned by passing over a cationic exchange resin prior to addition of cationic polymer.

Abstract: The present invention related to the use of certain cross-linked diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride polymers in water-in-oil emulsion form for use as coagulants in suspensions of inorganic solids. The diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride polymers are preferably polymers of diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride, acrylamide, and triallylamine. The water-in-oil emulsions are formulated to invert after addition to the inorganic solids suspension, as the suspension travels to a mechanical thickening device for further processing. The inorganic solids from refuse or concentrate mineral processing applications may be coal, copper ore, sand, gravel, taconite, beryllium, trona, kaolin or precious metals.

Abstract: A method for reducing turbidity in laundry waste water comprising the steps of treating said water with effective amounts of a first polymer comprised of dimethyl dialkyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) and dialkyl diallyl ammonium monomers (DADAAX) other than DMDAAC having alkyl groups with from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and counterions with an ionization constant greater than 10.sup.-8, and a second cationic, nonionic or anionic acrylamide polymer is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is a method for clarifying ink-containing effluent water from recycled paper production which comprises the step of adding a water-soluble, surface active, silicon-containing polyelectrolyte polymer coagulant to the ink-containing effluent water from recycled paper production, wherein the polymer has from 0.01 to 10 mole percent of a vinyl alkoxysilane monomer. A preferred silicon-containing polyelectrolyte polymer is the product of a free radical synthesis from vinyltrimethoxysilane and diallyldimethylammoniumchloride monomers.

Abstract: A process for dye removal from effluent is disclosed which includes treating the effluent with a reducing agent, adjusting the pH to a selected value in the range of 2-7, treating the effluent with a particular charge neutralization mixture, adjusting the pH a second time and subjecting the mixture to a flocculating process with selected chemicals.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the treatment of food processing wastes. More particularly, the present invention provides a chemical treatment method that effectively removes fat, blood, tissue and other solids from food processing waste, using novel hydrophobically associating copolymer compositions. These polyelectrolyte compositions are water soluble silicon containing copolymers prepared from dialkyldiallyl ammonium halides, particularly diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC) and vinyl alkoxysilanes, preferably vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS).

Abstract: A contaminant precipitating composition and method are disclosed. The composition comprises a water soluble branched polymeric composition effective for the purpose of precipitating contaminants from an aqueous solution. The method comprises adding an amount of the composition, effective for the purpose, to the aqueous solution so as to complex, precipitate and remove contaminants from the aqueous solution.

Abstract: The invention is a process for removing color from a paper mill waste effluent containing color bodies which comprises: treating the waste effluent containing color bodies with an effective color-removing amount of a water-soluble silicon-containing copolymer coagulant prepared from diallyldimethylammonium halide and a vinyltrialkoxysilane; coagulating the color bodies present in the waste effluent; and then removing the coagulated color bodies from the waste effluent.