Abstract: In one embodiment, a system comprises a filter and at least one electrodeionization (EDI) unit for chemical recovery. The filter is adapted to receive a fluid and to remove a selected chemical element or contaminant from the fluid. The EDI unit is coupled to the filter and adapted to recover a chemical element from the fluid and to separate the recovered chemical element from the fluid.

Abstract: Novel iron sulfides having excellent durability and excellent treating properties of heavy metals, processes for producing the iron sulfides, iron sulfide mixture, a heavy metal treating agent containing either of these novel iron sulfides as an effective component, and a method by which wastes containing various heavy metals are treated with the heavy metal treating agent are disclosed. The iron sulfide having a mackinawite structure which contains FeMxNySz wherein M represents an alkaline earth metal, N represents an alkali metal, and x, y and z, indicating the molar proportions of the respective elements, represent numbers satisfying 0.01<x?0.5, y?0.2 and 0.7?z?1.4, as an essential component.

Abstract: A two-step chemical precipitation process involving hydroxide precipitation and sulfide precipitation combined with “field separation” technology such as magnetic separation, dissolved air flotation, vortex separation or expanded plastics flotation, effectively removes chelated and non-chelated heavy metal precipitates and other fine particles from water. In the first-step, the non-chelated heavy metals are precipitated as hydroxides and removed from the water by a conventional liquid/solids separator such as an inclined plate clarifier to remove a large percentage of the dissolved heavy metals. The cleaned water is then treated in a second precipitation step to remove the residual heavy metals to meet discharge limits. In the second precipitation step, any metal precipitant more effective than hydroxide for metal precipitation can be used.

Abstract: A product and method for the removal of pollutant heavy metals from aqueous solutions which precludes the end user from storing, handling, feeding and controlling hazardous soluble sulfide materials. The product is a slurry which includes a mixture of a liquid medium and an essentially insoluble salt wherein the salt is the reaction product of heavy metal ions, preferably selected from Mn++ ions, Fe++ ions, and Fe+++ ions, and sulfide ions derived from soluble sulfide sources such as sodium sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, and sodium hydrosulfide. Addition of the subject slurry to a wastewater stream will effect the precipitation of heavy metals with lesser equilibrium sulfide ion concentrations than that of the essentially insoluble salt. Solids collected by this method may be returned to subsequent wastewater streams for additional removal of heavy metals by any excess heavy metal sulfide salt.

Abstract: The slag-only Vertical Flow Pond, which we have developed, is a passive treatment component capable of removing large concentrations of metals, especially manganese, from water to extremely low concentrations while neutralizing acidity and producing alkalinity. An improvement to this design is the Hybrid Flow Pond (HFP), which is a passive treatment system component that consists of an open, pond-like structure utilizing a horizontal operational flow path (or a vertical flow path if desired) with a vertical flush flow path. By creating flushing flow paths generally perpendicular to operational flow paths, the development of preferential flow paths that encourage short circuiting can be prevented. Additional head can be generated prior to flushing by adjusting the water level in the pond. Although any treatment media can be used with this system, the use of basic steel slag is particularly useful in the removal of metals, especially manganese from aqueous solutions.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing an inorganic species in an aqueous solution comprises the steps of: (i) supplying an oxidizable source of sulphur, and oxygen to the solution; and (ii) irradiating the solution with UV light such that both the inorganic and sulphur species are oxidized.

Abstract: A method a process involving the application of a labile organic substrate, with supplied sulfate as needed, to a soil and ground water supply for the express purpose of stimulating sulfate reduction to facilitate the formation of mineral iron sulfides or other reduced reactive minerals, abiotically treats soil contaminants, including chlorinated solvents, and hexavalent chromium, with an iron monosulfide microbial geochemical treatment zone. Other iron sulfide compounds, or generally FexSy, may also comprise the treatment zone in addition to iron monosulfide. The process also includes, in some cases, the supplementation of sulfate to ground water where insufficient natural supply exists, wherein a solution of organic and dissolved reactive sulfate introduced to the soil and ground water, the introduction of sulfate tailored to the individual site conditions to meet contaminant mass constraints.

Abstract: A fiber capable of forming a metal chelate and a process for producing the same are disclosed, wherein the fiber is characterized in that at least one metal chelate-forming compound selected from the group consisting of aminocarboxylic acid, aminocarboxylic acid, thiocarboxylic acid and phosphoric acid, which are reactive with a glycidyl group, is bonded to a molecule of a synthetic fiber through a crosslinkable compound having a reactive double bond and a glycidyl group in its molecule. The chelate-forming fiber is excellent in capturing harmful heavy metal ions and can be easily produced in a simple and safe way at a low cost.

Abstract: The invention provides a method treating acid raw water including the step of neutralising the water by adding calcium carbonate to it in a neutralising stage. The neutralised water is then rendered alkaline or more alkaline by adding an alkali thereto selected from calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide and mixtures thereof in a lime treatment stage. The alkaline water is then treated with carbon dioxide in a carbon dioxide treatment stage, with the carbon dioxide reacting in the carbon dioxide treatment stage with calcium hydroxide dissolved in the water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for treating a chromate waste liquid containing an organic acid component. This process includes (a) adding a chromium precipitation accelerating agent containing at least one of a calcium component and a magnesium component, to the chromate waste liquid; and (b) adjusting the chromate waste liquid to having a first pH of 9 or higher, thereby precipitating a chromium component from the chromate waste liquid and thereby reducing a concentration of a dissolved chromium component of the chromate waste liquid.

Abstract: A bead is provided which comprises or consists essentially of activated carbon immobilized by crosslinked poly(carboxylic acid) binder, sodium silicate binder, or polyamine binder. The bead is effective to remove metal and other ionic contaminants from dilute aqueous solutions. A method of making metal-ion sorbing beads is provided, comprising combining activated carbon, and binder solution (preferably in a pin mixer where it is whipped), forming wet beads, and heating and drying the beads. The binder solution is preferably poly(acrylic acid) and glycerol dissolved in water and the wet beads formed from such binder solution are preferably heated and crosslinked in a convection oven.

Abstract: A method for removing at least one of chromate and other oxy-metal ions from liquid solutions includes contacting the liquid solution with solid barium compounds as adsorbents so that the at least one of chromate and other oxy-metal ions in liquid solution are subject to an exchange reaction with the anion of solid barium compounds to produce products including at least one of solid barium chromate and oxy-metal barium compounds and are removed from the liquid solution by a liquid-solid separation operation. A method for stabilizing at least one of chromate and other oxy-metal ions that are present in liquid or sludge wastes includes mixing the liquid or sludge wastes with barium compounds in solid form, so that the at least one of chromate and oxy-metal ions are immobilized in a solidified body after curing of the mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixture and a process for the treatment of waste materials and the use of the mixture for the treatment of waste materials and waste material treated therewith. The mixture comprises (A) at least one zinc salt of a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid, (B) at least one calcium salt of a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid, (C) at least one hydrophobing agent, (D) at least on amino alcohol and (E) NH3.

Abstract: A method for recovering and separating precious and non-precious metals from waste streams, which removes, separates, and recovers such metals in a cost effective manner with more than 95% removed from waste streams and with minimal amounts of unprocessed solids and sludge remaining in the environment. Metals such as chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, gold, platinum, vanadium, sodium, potassium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium, lead, aluminum, tin; and the like are removed and recovered from the waste streams with at least 95% removal and other metals and compounds, such as antimony, sulfur, and selenium are removed and recovered from waste streams with at least 50% removal. The method employs a unique complexing agent comprising a carbamate compound and an alkali metal hydroxide which facilitates the formation of the metals into ionic metal particles enabling them to be readily separated, removed and recovered.

Abstract: A method for extracting contaminants and pollutants from an ecosystem. The method includes extracting from the ecosystem a quantity of animal tissue and grinding or macerating the animal tissue to form a slurry-like mixture and adding the mixture to a digestion vessel. The pH of the ground animal tissue is reduced to a range of from approximately 3.5 to approximately 4.5 and the ground tissue is allowed to decompose through the action of digestive enzymes released from the visceral tissue of the animal tissue by the maceration step. The decomposed tissue is separated into a lipid portion, a proteinaceous portion and a bone fragment or hard tissue portion. At least a part of the lipid portion may then be extracted from the decomposed tissue for further processing or disposal of contaminants and pollutants contained therein.

Abstract: A method of disposing of photographic silver halide processing solutions including developer, bleach and at least one silver bearing solution comprising a) combining the developer and bleach solutions to oxidize the developing agent in the developer and form a developer/bleach waste solution, b) treating the silver bearing solution(s) to reduce the silver ion level and form a low silver waste solution; and c) contacting the developer/bleach waste solution and the low silver waste solution with an absorbent material to form an apparently dry waste material having a leachable silver ion level below 5 ppm.

Abstract: A clarification apparatus for liquid, characterized in that it has a first filtration layer (3) and a second filtration layer (4) and, arranged between the layers, an absorbing agent (5) comprising basic magnesium sulfate and magnesium hydroxide, wherein a liquid to be treated containing fine particles is passed through the absorbing agent (5), to thereby aggregate the fine particles in the liquid to be treated, and then the resulting large particles are caught by the second filtration layer (4) and wherein a liquid to be treated containing a heavy metal ion is passed through the absorbing agent (5), to thereby react the metal ion with a hydroxyl ion of the absorbing agent and solidify the metal ion, followed by aggregation, and then the resulting large particles are caught by the second filtration layer (4); and an apparatus which further has an electrode device capable of generating an OH ion, wherein the electrically generated OH ions the OH radicals of the absorbing agent (5) and the heavy metal ions reac

Abstract: The disclosed invention is a fixed bed ion exchange system from removing arsenic from water. It employs a combination of electronically controlled process steps and specific systems configurations to duplicate the effects of moving resin beds from one operating position to another as is required in moving bed ion exchange water purification systems. The invention combines features of single fixed bed ion exchange systems with those of a moving bed system.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method for treating a wastewater containing heavy metals using a used iron oxide catalyst, which is to treat an acidic wastewater having a pH value of about 1.0 and containing Cu, Fe, Ni, Cr or Zn, the method including: adding the used iron oxide catalyst containing at least 70% magnetite (Fe3O4) to the wastewater at a weight ratio of 1:0.05; stirring the wastewater mixed with the iron oxide catalyst at a speed of 60 rpm for 15 minutes in a stirrer; and subjecting the wastewater to solid-liquid separation using a magnet for adsorption and removal of the heavy metals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of separating sulfate-ion pair complexes from aqueous streams. The method involves the steps of: (a) concentrating and distilling an aqueous stream containing inorganic material by membrane distillation; (b) adding a non-hazardous miscible organic solvent to the concentrated aqueous stream in an amount effective to form inorganic precipitates comprising at least a portion of sulfate and polyvalent cations; (c) removing at least most of the organic solvent from the aqueous stream by vacuum membrane distillation; and (d) after step (c), removing at least most of the inorganic precipitates from the aqueous stream.

Abstract: A unique filtration device (10) which removes metal ions from a contaminated aqueous stream through the use of partially hollow wicking fibers (20) impregnated with a selected liquid (18) which can capture the metal ions in the aqueous stream. The wicking fibers (20) are formed into a filter element (12) which extends from a chamber (16) through which the aqueous stream is directed into a chamber (18) wherein the unwanted metal ions are removed from the extracting liquid (18). The wicking fibers (20) include internal longitudinal cavities (22) each with a relatively small longitudinal extending opening (24). The wicking fibers (20) are filled with the selected liquid extraction (18) which remains within the fiber through capillary action by which capillary action the individual wicking fibers (20) rapidly draw the selected liquid,(18) with which they comes into contact, through the internal cavities (22).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of removing heavy metals contained in exhaust gas which has been generated by burning a waste liquid containing the heavy metals discharged in a process of producing organic compounds. The method includes the steps in the order of: (a) a combustion step of burning the waste liquid to produce exhaust gas; (b) a gas-liquid contact step of rendering a liquid containing an alkali compound in contact with the exhaust gas to collect the heavy metals in bottoms of the liquid; and (c) a coagulating step of adding a coagulant to the bottoms to coagulate the heavy metals in the bottoms for removal of the heavy metals. According to this method, the heavy metals contained in the exhaust gas can be efficiently separated and removed.

Abstract: The present invention is a floatation process and associated apparatus for removing heavy metal waste from various effluent water streams. The process and apparatus generally introduces a population of fine diameter air bubbles and one or more flocculating chemicals into an effluent stream to produce buoyant floc structures that include the heavy metals and that can be removed from the effluent stream. The present invention provides a reliable, cost-effective means of removing heavy metals from effluent water streams.

Abstract: An in situ method and system for reductive dechlorination, the precipitation of chromium, the precipitation of heavy metals, and microbial denitrification. The invention comprises the formation of in situ anaerobic reactive zones to precipitate and filter out dissolved heavy metals as metallic sulfides, to degrade nitrate to nitrogen gas, to reduce chlorinated hydrocarbons to ethene, and to precipitate and filter out chromium. The invention is comprised of an injection well or wells that extend into a contaminated groundwater. A conduit located within the injection well conveys a reagent to the contaminated groundwater. The reagent may be a carbohydrate rich solution. Microbes digest the carbohydrates to produce sulfate reducing and methanogenic conditions within the reactive zone that include a dissolved oxygen level less than about 0.5 mg/l, a redox potential less than about −250 mv, and a dissolved organic carbon to contaminant ratio of greater than about 50:1.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of waste water containing heavy metals in which sulphur components and/or metals are biologically reduced to precipitate the metals as water-insoluble metal species, which are separated from the waste water. The biological reduction and the precipitation of the metal species are carried out in a moving sand bed, in which sand particles partly immobilize the bacteria and retain the precipitated metal species, treated waste water is separated from the precipitated metal species and the precipitated metal species are subsequently separated from the sand particles. Metals like selenium and uranium can be precipitated without sulphur components, whereas metals like antimony, cadmium, copper, zinc and the like are precipitated as sulphides.

Abstract: A method of removing lead from water comprising a) adjusting the pH of the water to about 7 to about 9; and b) adding to the water an effective amount of a water soluble, high molecular weight cationic dispersion polymer composed of i) (meth)acrylamide; ii) a hydrophilic cationic monomer of formula  wherein A1 is O or NH; B1 is C2-C4 alkylene or hydroxypropylene; R1 is H or CH3, R2 and R4 are independently C1-C2 alkyl; R3 is H or C1-C2 alkyl; and X1 is an anionic counterion; and iii) a hydrophobic cationic monomer of formula  wherein A2 is O or NH; B2 is C2-C4 alkylene or hydroxypropylene; R5 is H or CH3; R6 and R8 are C1-C2 alkyl; R7 is C6-C20 alkyl or arylalkyl; and X2 is an anionic counterion; c) optionally adding a water soluble ethylene dichloride ammonia polymer to form a mixture of water and lead-containing flocculated solids; and d) separating the lead-containing flocculated solids from the water.

Abstract: A method is taught for converting metal contaminants in the soil to less toxic forms as well as permitting their removal from groundwater. A first reactive solution comprising ferrous sulfate and an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid is injected to decomplex contaminants and precipitate them as insoluble compounds. A second reactive solution comprising hydrogen peroxide, and an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid is then injected to destroy organic liquids and enhance decomplexation. The pH of the first solution may range from 3 to 5, and the pH of the second solution range from 3 to 7, preferably 5 to 7. The process is particularly effective where chromium compounds such as hexavalent chromium are the contaminants.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for treating a flushing solution from an ion exchanger used in electroplating operations by co-precipitating or selectively precipitating out metal hydroxides derived from metal ions from the structures being plated in the electroplating bath, metal ions from the electrodes use in the electroplating bath and metal ions from the plating metal used in the electroplating bath, and a pH raising agent having a cation with a valence of at least 2. After the metals are precipitated out of the flushing solution, the flushing solution is aerated with carbon dioxide to precipitate out the cation from the pH raising agent as a carbonate. The carbonate precipitate is removed from the flushing solution and the resulting solution consists essentially of water that may be recycled for use in the electroplating plant or safely discharged into the environment.

Abstract: A water treatment product which is a particulate material having a specific surface area of at least 1.0 m2/g, or an artefact formed by bonding together such particulate material, and having an insoluble ferric iron coating. Perferably, the particulate material is an alumina-based material. The product is useful in the treatment of water to remove organic materials, cations or anions, and more particularly heavy metals, As, Se or F. Methods of making the water product are also provided.

Abstract: A process for removing heavy metals from water is provided. The process includes the steps of introducing magnetite to a quantity of water containing heavy metal. The magnetite is mixed with the water such that at least a portion of, and preferably the majority of, the heavy metal in the water is bound to the magnetite. Once this occurs the magnetite and absorbed metal is removed from the water by application of a magnetic field. In most applications the process is achieved by flowing the water through a solid magnetized matrix, such as steel wool, such that the magnetite magnetically binds to the solid matrix. The magnetized matrix preferably has remnant magnetism, but may also be subject to an externally applied magnetic field. Once the magnetite and associated heavy metal is bound to the matrix, it can be removed and disposed of, such as by reverse water or air and water flow through the matrix.

Abstract: A method is providing for treating waters, such as standing and flowing waters and waste waters, soils, sediments and/or silts. At least one alkaline earth metal peroxide is brought into contact with such waters or the like, especially to effect immobilization of phosphates and heavy metals except manganese and iron therein.

Abstract: A description is given here of a novel process for the production of monocarboxylic and polycarboxylic aromatic acids by the catalytic oxidation in homogeneous phase of aromatic compounds carrying at least one oxidizable substituent group attached directly to the carbon atom of the corresponding aromatic nucleus. The process comprises a purification step in which the crude product resulting from the oxidation stage is supplied to a filling column containing a bed of material having a high adsorbent power with respect to hafnium and/or zirconium polyoxides, operating at a temperature of from 200 to 300° C. and at a pressure of from 30 to 90 barg.

Abstract: The methods and apparatus of embodiments of the present invention serve to precipitate dissolved inorganic arsenic from an aqueous solution. The pressurization/negative pressurization protocol promotes precipitation of dissolved inorganic arsenic. After pressurization/negative pressurization method is applied the newly created precipitates may be separated from the solution using known separation methods. Aeration of the solution prior to or during pressurization and addition of chemical oxidants and air injection prior to or during pressurization aid precipitation. The methods of embodiments of the present invention may be applied to batch-process and continuous, in-flow apparatus.

Abstract: A method of oxidizing an inorganic species in an aqueous solution of pH 5 or greater, comprises the steps of (i) supplying an oxidizable form of a sulfur compound, and oxygen to the solution; and (ii) adding a source of iron to the solution and allowing oxidation to take place. The method finds particular application in the treatment of manganese and other species in potable water, industrial waste waters and process liquors.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for obtaining colloid-forming metal particles from an aqueous mine waste solution containing that metal in ionic form. In accordance with this process, an aqueous mine waste solution containing that metal in ionic form is provided having a pH value of about 4.0 to about 6.5. The solution is electrified with direct current a about 1.2 to about 2.0 volts to reduce the desired metal ions to colloidal metal particles. A slurry of cellulose particles is agitatingly added to the colloid composition followed by a flocculant to form a solid phase cellulosic floc containing the colloid. The solid and liquid phases are separated, and the solid phase is dried, fluxed and heated to a temperature sufficient to melt the flux and colloid and form larger metal particles that can then be recovered. The colloid-forming metal is preferably gold.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention relates to a biological process for continues purification of waste water by converting its constituents to a solid form that can be easily separated using retainable biological catalysts and a novel reactor hereafter referred to as “Reverse Fluidized Loop Reactor” (RFLR) for performing the above said process.

Abstract: A method is describe for removing metal ions of interest from aqueous solutions containing low concentrations of the metal ions of interest. The method involves the use of a microbially produced polymer, &ggr;-glutamic acid. The polymer is used in conjunction with tangential flow filtration and results in substantial removal of metal ions.

Abstract: A process for treating which contains carbonaceous solids, includes subjecting the water to hydrolysis in a biological hydrolysis reaction stage, in the presence of sulfate ions, thereby to produce treated water, a slurry component, and a sulfur-containing component. Treated water, the slurry component, and the sulfur-containing component are withdrawn from the reaction stage.

Abstract: A method for treating a wastewater containing heavy metals with a used iron oxide catalyst is disclosed. The object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating a wastewater containing heavy metals with a used iron oxide catalyst in a manner that applies a strongly magnetic iron oxide catalyst used in the synthesis process of styrene monomer to a wastewater containing heavy metals such as metal plating wastewater or mine backwater to neutralize the wastewater and adsorb the heavy metals contained in the wastewater.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of oxidation, of the wet oxidation or ozonization type, of a liquid contained in a reactor. The gas of the gas headspace is aspirated into the liquid, and the portion which is not dissolved in the liquid is recovered in the gas headspace. The agitation means creates a flow of liquid immediately adjacent to the end of the duct opening into the liquid, and generates a gas/liquid dispersion in the zone, within which the liquid reacts with the gas, then conveys and ejects the said dispersion at its periphery, such that the gas is dissolved in the liquid in the zone extending from the agitation means to the surface of the liquid. The said process is particularly suitable for oxidations which make use of considerable quantities of oxygen or of ozone. It is particularly applied for the oxidation of papermaking liquors.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the separation and removal of iron ions from a basic zinc solution. The process involves: treating an aqueous basic zinc solution with a solid ion exchange resin containing an insoluble cross-linked polymer which contains at least one pendant phosphonate group, at a pH of from about 8 to about 12, and a temperature of from about 10° C. to about 90° C., for a time period sufficient to form solid phase-bound iron ions and a liquid phase containing the aqueous basic zinc solution having an iron ion concentration that is substantially reduced; separating the solid phase-bound iron ions and the liquid phase; and treating the solid phase-bound iron ions with an aqueous acidic solution under conditions sufficient to regenerate the solid ion exchange resin.

Abstract: A treating method and apparatus for treating a manganese containing water by crystalizing and removing a soluble manganese in a water to be treated containing carbonic acid ions by passing the water to be treated as an upward flow through a fluidized bed reaction tower having no support bed and containing manganese sand as a fluidized bed material and by adjusting a pH value of the water to be treated in said fluidized bed. A suspended manganese is also removed together with said soluble manganese in the water to be treated by forming a suspended solid in the water to be treated into a layer on said manganese sand fluidized bed by removing said layer of suspended solid. Further, a desired quantity of the treated water is introduced into the water to be treated for circulatory use.

Abstract: A method for improving the efficiency and usable life in a cross flow membrane filter used to remove contaminants from bilgewater. The bilgewater is passed upstream of the cross filter membrane through a fluid-pervious filtration media which has been infused with an absorbtion composition comprising a homogeneous thermal reaction product of an oil component selected from the group consisting of glycerides, fatty acids, alkenes, and alkynes, and a methacrylate or acrylate polymer component. The contaminants are thereby immobilized at the media. The purified output from the infused filtration media is then provided as input for the cross flow membrane filter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing contaminants from an oily bilgewater. In the method the bilgewater is passed through a fluid-pervious filtration media which has been infused with an absorbtion composition comprising a homogeneous thermal reaction product of an oil component selected from the group consisting of glycerides, fatty acids, alkenes, and alkynes, and a methacrylate or acrylate polymer component. The contaminants are thereby immobilized at said media, and the purified bilgewater having passed through the filtration media is discharged, e.g. into a body of navigable water.

Abstract: A batch or continuous process for the removal by flocculation of silicon and heavy metal contamination from aqueous waste streams by the addition of an aluminum salt, particularly, aqueous streams recycled as electrolyte in the electrolytic production of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal chlorates. The process is particularly suited to the removal of heavy metals and silicon contamination in an electrolyte recycled to an electrolytic cell subsequent to the removal by crystallization of a chlorate salt. An aluminum salt, such as aluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, and polyaluminum chlorides including polyaluminum chloride sulfates is effective as a flocculating agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for removing arsenic from ground water to be processed and used in remote dwellings. The process includes (a) contacting a clay, a coagulant, and an oxidizer with water containing arsenic to form a coagulated colloidal mixture; (b) adsorbing the arsenic onto the coagulated colloidal mixture; and (c) separating the water from the coagulated colloidal mixture. The invention also provides a composition ready for use in removing arsenic from ground water to be used in remote areas. The composition includes an activated clay, a coagulant, and an oxidizer in predetermined proportions for efficient removal of arsenic from ground water.

Abstract: The invention uses the electro-kinetic principle for a method for the cleaning of materials contaminated with heavy metals, whereby use is made of an apparatus comprising two charge-selective ion-exchange membranes with different charges combined with an inner and an outer electrolyte solution chambers which are separated by the membranes which serve a blocking function. A surprisingly good degree of removal is achieved, particularly in relation to the current consumption, and at the same time the heavy metals can be precipitated in a separate vessel such that they can be reused.

Abstract: A groundwater decontamination system includes a decontamination unit adapted to be lowered down through a non-pumping well into an aquifer containing contaminated water. The unit can also be raised up and out of the non-pumping well for cleaning, servicing or replacement. The decontamination unit includes a porous outer tube with a plurality of holes through which contaminated water flows, and a porous inner tube with a plurality of holes through which flows in-flowing contaminated water flowing through outer tube. A contaminant removing reactive barrier material is disposed within the inner tube for removing on contact contaminants from the in flowing water. A flow directing arrangement, preferably in the form of flow directing fins, directs in-flowing water from the holes in the outer tube to the holes in the inner tube (i.e., provider of the channeling of the ground water into the reactive barrier material). The system can monitor the contaminant removal, as well as other conditions of the groundwater.

Abstract: An elixir for treating wastewater by transforming metal sulfates into metal hydroxides, breaking up chelated metals and transforming the freed metal ions into metal hydroxides, and precluding the metal hydroxides from dissolving back into solution. The elixir comprises: 1) calcium hydroxide, 2) METEX EPS, 3) sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate, 4) calcium hypochlorite, 5) sodium hydroxide, 6) a combination of calcium salts and a first polymeric coagulant, 7) a second polymeric coagulant, and 8) water.

Abstract: An elixir for treating wastewater by transforming metals into metal sulfates and sulfides, breaking up chelated metals, and precluding the metal sulfates and sulfides from redissolving back into the wastewater. The elixir comprises: 1) ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 2) aluminum sulfate, 3) 75% sulfuric acid, 4) a blend of aluminum salts and a polymeric coagulant, and 5) water.