Abstract: An electric heater includes a substrate; a first plane heating element disposed on a surface of the substrate; and a second plane heating element disposed on the surface of the substrate so as to be located outside the first plane heating element. The first plane heating element includes a first pattern portion having a start point and an end point, and a pair of first electrode portions connected to the first pattern portion. The second plane heating element includes a second pattern portion that surrounds a portion of an outer circumference of the first pattern portion, has a start point and an end point, and has an opening portion at one side thereof; and a pair of second electrode portions connected to the second pattern portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a gelled, dried composition forming a monolithic aerogel with a heat conductivity of less than or equal to 40 mW·m?1·K?1 and derived from a resin of polyhydroxybenzene(s) and formaldehyde(s), to this aerogel composition and to the use thereof. This process comprises: a) polymerization in an aqueous solvent of said polyhydroxybenzene(s) and formaldehyde(s) in the presence of an acidic or basic catalyst, to obtain a solution based on the resin, b) gelation of the solution obtained in a) to obtain a gel of the resin, and c) drying of the gel to obtain a dried gel. According to the invention, step a) is performed in the presence of a cationic polyelectrolyte dissolved in this solvent, and the process also comprises a step d) of heat treatment under inert gas of the dried gel obtained in step c) at temperatures of between 150° C. and 500° C.

Abstract: A heater plate includes a sheet-like heating member that generates heat upon being energized, a protective film provided on the side of one major surface of the sheet-like heating member to protect the sheet-like heating member, an output circuit section provided on a surface of the protective film on the opposite side to the sheet-like heating member, and a protruding portion forming film provided between the protective film and the sheet-like heating member. The output circuit section has protruding portions formed to be capable of respectively abutting terminals of a heat flux sensor which is an inspection object. The protruding portion forming film has protrusions at positions corresponding to the protruding portions. The sheet-like heating member, the protective film, the output circuit section and the protruding portion forming film are integrally formed into one piece.

Abstract: Apparatuses for safely warming food and methods of manufacturing such an apparatus are provided. A heating element may be connected to a base such that there is air between the heating element and the removable top plate, the heating element cannot directly heat a removable top plate of the apparatus, and the heating element must heat the air between the heating element and the removable top plate before heating the removable hot plate. A resetting thermal fuse may be connected to a fuse holder connected to a wall of the base of the apparatus such that the thermal fuse is not directly affected by changes in temperature in the housing of the apparatus, and is affected by changes in temperature of the air between the heating element and the removable top plate.

Abstract: A motor vehicle (2) has a vehicle body (4) and at least one electrical energy storage means. A charging connection apparatus is mounted to the vehicle body (4) and can be connected to a charging plug (8) supplied from the outside for charging the electrical energy storage means. The charging connection apparatus has an adapter (10) mounted to the vehicle body (4), a charging housing (12) mounted to the adapter (10) and a plug (14) mounted in the charging housing (12). The plug (14) is connected to the electrical energy storage means and can be connected to the charging plug (8). The adapter (10), the charging housing (12) and the plug (14) are configured to conform to the charging plug (8) in the country where the motor vehicle (2) is used.

Abstract: Disclosed are a manufacturing method for a porous thermal insulation coating layer, a porous thermal insulation coating layer with substantially reduced thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity and an internal combustion engine including the porous thermal insulation coating layer thereby having excellent durability.

Abstract: A hanger-type cooking information providing device is disclosed. The hanger-type cooking information providing device includes a clip portion including a water level sensor and configured to be hung on a cooking container, a contact portion including a temperature sensor configured to contact one lateral surface of the cooking container and to measure temperature, and a main body portion including a wireless communication module configured to wirelessly transmit, to an external device, at least one of water level information sensed by the water level sensor, temperature information sensed by the temperature sensor, water boiling notification information, information on elapsed cooking time, and information on remaining cooking time.

Abstract: Oxidant gas flows to the fuel cell stack through an oxidant gas supply channel. Oxidant off-gas is discharged from the fuel cell stack through an oxidant off-gas exhaust channel. A refrigerant is discharged from the fuel cell stack through a refrigerant exhaust channel. An outlet sealing valve is provided in the oxidant off-gas exhaust channel. The outlet sealing valve includes a main body, a valve seat, a valve body, and a refrigerant passage. The main body has a passage through which the oxidant off-gas flows. The valve seat is provided in the passage. The valve body is provided in the passage to be seated on the valve seat to close the passage. The refrigerant passage is branched off from the refrigerant exhaust channel. The refrigerant flows in a vicinity of at least one of the valve seat and the valve body through the refrigerant passage.

Abstract: An appliance for preparing food comprises a pot (2) for containing food items and a base for supporting the pot (2). The base is equipped with heating means (50) for supplying heat to the pot (2), which comprise at least one heating element (52). The heating means (50) are adapted to only partially contact a bottom (21) of the pot (2) when the pot (2) is in place on the base, through at least one contact area which is at a position which corresponds to a position of the heating element (52). The appliance further comprises stirring means which are adapted to be movably arranged in the pot (2) for stirring food items, which are designed for directing the food items to a directly heated area (60) of the bottom (21) of the pot (2) which corresponds to the contact area of the heating means (50) during their movement.

Abstract: A heating device for a cooking point in a hob has three independent and separate long heating elements which are arranged on a support of the heating device along concentric circles. The support has a central region around the center point, an outer region adjoining an outer edge, and an intermediate region between the central region and outer region. A rod-type thermostat engages over the heating device for the purpose of temperature detection. The first and the third heating element are connected to an energy supply over the rod-type thermostat. A second heating element is connected to an energy supply without interconnection of the rod-type thermostat, wherein the second heating element is arranged on the support in the central region, in the intermediate region and in the outer region.

Abstract: In a first aspect, a vehicle HVAC system includes: a housing that defines at least first and second air conduits to a vehicle interior compartment; and at least first and second heat rods that each traverses the first and second air conduits, wherein a first positive temperature coefficient along a length of the first heat rod is greater at the first air conduit than at the second air conduit, and wherein a second positive temperature coefficient along a length of the second heat rod is greater at the second air conduit than at the first air conduit.

Abstract: A heater control device having at least two PTC heaters having PTC elements includes switching units which are provided so as to correspond to the PTC heaters and which switch an energized state and a non-energized state of the PTC elements by being turned ON and OFF, pattern information which defines state combination patterns of the energized state and the non-energized state of the PTC elements with respect to a required power value for the heater unit, and a ratio controlling unit which when the required power for the heater unit is at an intermediate value of the required power values defined in the pattern information, controls a ratio of the energized state to the non-energized state of the PTC elements based on a ratio of ON time to OFF time for which an average power within a certain period matches the required power.

Abstract: A cooking device having an electrical heating element is arranged on a carrier element. At least one electrical wire is connected with the carrier element. The connection is facilitated by a reception element having two recesses forming undercuts and a connection member with a basis structure and an electrical contact for engagement with the wire. The connection member has two protrusions extending from the basis structure of the connection member and can be inserted into the recesses.

Abstract: Embodiments of substrate supports with a heater are provided herein. In some embodiments, a substrate support may include a first member to distribute heat to a substrate when present above a first planar surface of the first member, a second member disposed beneath the first member, the second member including a plurality of resistive heating elements, wherein the plurality of resistive heating elements provide local temperature compensation to the first member to heat the substrate when present, a third member disposed beneath the second member, the third member including one or more base heating zones to provide a base temperature profile to the first member, and a fourth member disposed beneath the third member, the fourth member including a first set of electrical conductors coupled to each of the resistive heating elements.

Abstract: A heating plate for a substrate support assembly in a semiconductor plasma processing apparatus, comprises multiple independently controllable planar heater zones arranged in a scalable multiplexing layout, and electronics to independently control and power the planar heater zones. A substrate support assembly in which the heating plate is incorporated includes an electrostatic clamping electrode and a temperature controlled base plate. Methods for manufacturing the heating plate include bonding together ceramic or polymer sheets having planar heater zones, branch transmission lines, common transmission lines and vias. The heating plate is capable of being driven by AC current or direct current phase alternating power, which has an advantage of minimizing DC magnetic field effects above the substrate support assembly and reduce plasma non-uniformity caused by DC magnetic fields.

Abstract: The invention provides a flexible hot plate and cooking unit, with a temperature differential of at least 40° C. between the two sides of the unit comprising a heating element sandwiched between an upper and a lower layer of flexible material wherein said upper layer provides a temperature along its upper surface of at least 80° C. for heating an object placed thereon, and said lower layer is provided with a plurality of insulating air passages.

Abstract: A portable countertop electric oven for cooking food includes: a cooking housing; a power head operative to attach, connect, and/or couple, to the cooking housing, at least a portion of the power head extending into an interior of the cooking housing; a base operative to attach, connect, and/or couple, to the cooking housing; and a first securing element operable to secure the cooking housing to the base. A porting element may be provided, such as a handle formed from a portion of the power head, which may include first and second bulged regions of the power head. At least one of: the cooking housing; the power head and the base, may have a substantially elliptical shape, and may include two bulged portions at respective distal ends. The first securing element may be an attachment clip including a first region operable to engage with the cooking housing and a second region operable to engage with the base.

Abstract: A non-curling flexible food warmer with evenly heated surface for use in table-top banquet style settings with an integrated temperature control and with transversely oriented heating elements such that it may be readily rolled up for storage without damage to the heating elements. In one embodiment the body of the food warmer also has transversely oriented channels that permit the warmer to be folded accordion style without damage to the heating elements.

Abstract: A cooking or food warming appliance having a heated heat sink plate situated in a vacuum environment within an outer shell. A food vessel intimately engages the heat sink plate along a food contacting surface thereof by virtue of the vacuum. The vacuum eliminates air gaps between the food contacting surface of the food vessel and the heat sink plate so as to provide instantaneous and uniform heating of the food vessel. The vacuum environment also provides thermal insulation for the heat sink plate whereby heat loss by convection is virtually eliminated.

Abstract: A heating element device is provided with a heat dissipation case (2) made of metal having a first case plate (2a) and a second case plate (2b) which have peripheral edge portions (6, 9) air-tightly connected to each other. A plurality of ceramic semiconductor heating elements (14) are sandwiched between the both case plates (2a, 2b) through electrode plates (16) in between. An electricity supply path (4b) to each of the electrode plates (16) is disposed air-tightly to the inside of the heat dissipation case (2). Moreover, a hollow portion in the heat dissipation case (2) is maintained in a vacuum state so that an inner face (8) of the first case plate (2a) and an inner face (12) of the second case plate (2b) are always subjected to an attraction force in a direction in which they get closer to each other.

Abstract: In a stage for supporting a substrate, a body, a base plate and a buffer are provided in the stage. The body on which the substrate is positioned includes a plate having a heating electrode for generating heat therein and a tube protruded from a bottom surface of the plate. The body is mounted on the base plate. The buffer is interposed between the base plate and the tube and has a thermal expansion ratio higher than that of the tube of the body and lower than that of the base plate. Accordingly, thermal expansion of the base plate may be absorbed by the buffer and may not have direct effect on the body. Therefore, the body may be prevented from being damaged due to the thermal expansion of the base plate.

Abstract: A non-curling flexible food warmer with evenly heated surface for use in table-top banquet style settings with an integrated temperature control and with transversely oriented heating elements such that it may be readily rolled up for storage without damage to the heating elements. In one embodiment the body of the food warmer also has transversely oriented channels that permit the warmer to be folded accordion style without damage to the heating elements.

Abstract: A heating apparatus includes a heating element adapted to be disposed on a substrate. The heating element includes electrodes and a multi-layer conductive coating of nano-thickness disposed between the substrate and electrodes. The multi-layer conductive coating has a structure and composition which stabilize performance of the heating element at high temperatures. The multi-layer conductive coating may be produced by spray pyrolysis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a circuit arrangement for preventing overheating of a cooking appliance. The arrangement includes a power circuit with a heating element and a control circuit with a coupling switch. The control circuit and the power circuit are coupled by the coupling switch. The arrangement further includes a safety switch to the control circuit. The coupling switch interrupts a power supply to the power circuit to the heating element when a limiting temperature in the cooking appliance is exceeded.

Abstract: A radiant electric heater includes at least first (7) and second (11) adjacent heating zones. The first heating zone (7) includes a first heating element portion (5) and the second heating zone includes a second heating element portion (9). An electrical terminal (19) is provided at a periphery of the heater for connecting the first and second heating element portions to a source of electrical energy. The heating element portions (5, 9) are integral with conjoined ends connected to a first electrical connector (21), with one free end connected to a second electrical (23) connector, and with another free end connected to a third electrical connector (25). The first, second and third electrical connectors include means for connecting to the heating element portions in such a way that the heating element portions are not deflected from their intended path to any substantial extent.

Abstract: A solid state heater uses a heater subassembly employing a terminal block, terminals and a PTCR or NTCR heater. The terminals engage and make electrical contact with the heater, thus eliminating the need for a rigid heater housing. The heater subassembly can be formed into a soft body or rigid body heater for heating purposes. The soft body heater uses a soft casing that envelops the heater subassembly with the casing expanding upon heating to provide a snug fit during use. The heater subassembly can be inserted in the cavity of either a soft body or a rigid body with potting compound filling any remaining voids, and the rigid or soft body can then be used for heating purposes.

Abstract: An electrical heating assembly (2) comprises a glass-ceramic cooking plate (4) having an upper surface (6) for receiving a cooking vessel (8) and a lower surface (10). A radiant electric heater (12) incorporating at least one electric heating element (20) is supported in contact with the lower surface of the cooking plate. Temperature sensing means (29) is spaced above the at least one heating element (20). The temperature sensing means includes a support member (33) which has provided on an upper surface a film form temperature-sensitive electrical resistance element (30) and which is provided with electrical connecting leads (34). Thermal insulation means (40) is adapted and arranged to shield the support member (33) and a corresponding region of the lower surface (10) of the cooking plate (4) from direct thermal radiation from the at least one electric heating element (20).

Abstract: A method and device for limiting and/or controlling the surface temperature of a hob having a ceramic cooking surface. The hob is heated by an energy source which includes a temperature limiter with a variable switching temperature. The switching temperature of the temperature limiter is varied during a cooking procedure according to a redetermined switching temperature-time profile.

Abstract: A radiant electric heater (2) is arranged for location underneath and against a cooking plate (12) and incorporates a heating element (14) spaced from the cooking plate and a temperature sensor assembly (26). The temperature sensor assembly (26) comprises a beam (28) of ceramic material provided within the heater and extending at least partially across the heater over the at least one heating element (14). The beam (28) has a substantially planar upper surface (32) arranged to face the cooking plate (12), in contact with the cooking plate or in close proximity to it, and an under surface (34) arranged for exposure to direct radiation from the heating element (14). Provided on the planar upper surface (32) is an electrical component (36), such as of film or foil form, having an electrical parameter which changes as a function of temperature of the cooking plate.

Abstract: To increase the temperature homogeneity on the surface of a substrate that is to be thermally treated, a method for thermally treating substrates is provided, according to which the substrate is heated by several separately controllable heating elements. A desired-value profile is predefined for each of said heating elements. The method comprises the following steps: locally-analysed measurement of the temperature of the surface of the substrate that faces away from the heating elements, during the thermal treatment; determination of the temperature inhomogeneities occurring on the substrate surface; definition of new desired-value profiles based on said temperature inhomogeneities; and preparation of the new desired-value profiles for subsequent treatments.

Abstract: A glass or glass ceramic cooking top 1 has on its underside 6 at least one heating unit 7. The heating unit 7 is in flat, heat-conducting contact with the underside 6, and contains an electrical resistance heating element exhibiting PTC behavior, the temperature in zone 3 being limited to a desired value without the use of a temperature limiter.

Abstract: A hot plate unit for heating semiconductor wafers. The hot plate unit includes a case, a hot plate, a seal element, and a holding ring. The seal element is made of a heat insulative material and is arranged between the case and the hot plate. The hot plate is clamped between the holding ring and the seal element. Screws for fastening the holding ring do not contact the hot plate.

Abstract: A sealing terminal includes internal connection lines which are connected to heating elements and external connection lines via which power is supplied. A quartz glass body includes a plurality of grooves in its outer surface to retain the internal and external connection lines in place. Conductive foils are used to connect the internal and external lines which are housed in a quartz glass tube so that the ends of the lines project out of the respective ends thereof. A plug is disposed in the lower end of the tube to close the same. Spark generation is prevented while a low electrical resistance sealed terminal which is simple in structure and quick and easy to assemble, results.