Fluidized Bed Patents (Class 23/313FB)
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Patent number: 4478600Abstract: Method for directly desubliming gaseous aluminum chloride to solid form in a fluidized bed of solid particles of aluminum chloride at controlled temperatures for production of selectively constituted solid particulate aluminum chloride.Type: GrantFiled: December 13, 1976Date of Patent: October 23, 1984Assignee: Aluminum Company of AmericaInventors: Ronald C. Schoener, Larry K. King, Lester L. Knapp, Nicholas Kloap
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Patent number: 4430241Abstract: A process for producing particles of a non-friable eutectic mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate for solar power station use is disclosed. In one embodiment of the invention, the particles are produced by shock chilling a molten stream of mixed nitrate material and crushing the resulting flakes to a size range of between about -5 mesh and about +30 mesh. In a second embodiment, particles of this size are produced by spray granulation of a concentrated solution of mixed nitrate salts onto a fluidized bed to produce dry, free-flowing, solid spheres. In both embodiments, the particles are extremely hard, resistant to moisture pickup and adaptable to being readily shipped by bulk containers.Type: GrantFiled: July 1, 1982Date of Patent: February 7, 1984Assignee: Olin CorporationInventor: Louis C. Fiorucci
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Patent number: 4427417Abstract: Non-caking, granular detergent compositions suitable for use in automatic laundry machines or in automatic dishwashing machines are prepared from hydratable particulate detergent salts or such salts in admixture with other detergent ingredients such as non-hydratable detergent salts, surfactants, fillers, corrosion inhibitors, chlorine releasing agents, coloring agents and perfumes under conditions insuring substantially complete hydration of the hydratable detergent salts and agglomeration of the hydrated particulates in the composition into storage stable, dry, pourable agglomerates.Type: GrantFiled: January 20, 1982Date of Patent: January 24, 1984Assignee: The Korex CompanyInventor: Paul A. Porasik
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Patent number: 4409016Abstract: A process for preparing thermally stable ammonium nitrate-containing granules having high bulk density, high impact resistance, high crushing resistance, and little or no tendency to cake by spraying a liquid composition containing at most 15% by weight water, a stabilization agent, ammonium nitrate and other components into a fluidized bed of ammonium nitrate seed particles thereby forming granules and recovering the thus formed ammonium nitrate-containing granulated product.Type: GrantFiled: June 18, 1982Date of Patent: October 11, 1983Assignee: Unie Van Kunstmestfabrieken, B.V.Inventors: Stanislaus M. P. Mutsers, Cornelis Hoek, Gerardus M. C. Wagemans
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Patent number: 4389317Abstract: Heterogenous nucleation on a seed material is promoted in the removal of phosphate from water by contacting the water with the seed material in a bed of grains of the seed material which bed is fluidized and kept in fluidization by the water stream itself, while the introduction of the reagent or reagents is effected so as to have a substantially complete heterogenous nucleation take place on the seed material.Type: GrantFiled: May 11, 1981Date of Patent: June 21, 1983Assignee: DHV Raadgevend Ingenieursbureau BVInventors: Christiaan C. M. Trentelman, Johannis C. van Dijk, Johannes H. C. M. Oomen
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Patent number: 4358430Abstract: Selenium-bearing materials are treated to convert selenium values to water-soluble form in a process which comprises producing a wet pellet product of uniform composition having a specified moisture content and size from an aqueous slurry containing the selenium-bearing material and dissolved sodium carbonate-containing reagent. In a preferred embodiment the slurry is pH-adjusted to neutralize free acid and/or to precipitate nonferrous base metals. spThis is a continuation of application Ser. No. 151,349 filed May 19, 1980, abandoned.Type: GrantFiled: October 14, 1981Date of Patent: November 9, 1982Assignee: Inco LimitedInventors: Grigori S. Victorovich, Ramamritham Sridhar, Malcolm C. E. Bell
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Patent number: 4353709Abstract: There is disclosed a process of granulation comprising dropping as liquid droplets the melt of a substance solidifiable by cooling or drying through a zone having a sufficient vertical distance to allow solidification of the droplets, forming a fluidized bed of the solidified droplets on the bottom of the said zone, spraying the same or a different melt from the above mentioned substance as fine liquid grains along with a gas stream into the fluidized bed thereby forming a spouted bed of the solidified droplets in the fluidized bed, coating and enlarging the solidified droplets with the fine liquid grains inside the spouted bed, and discharging the obtained large sized granules from the fluidized bed. There is also disclosed an apparatus for practicing the process.Type: GrantFiled: November 18, 1980Date of Patent: October 12, 1982Assignees: Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated, Toyo Engineering CorporationInventors: Susumu Nioh, Hiroshi Hirayama, Tetsuzo Honda, Takashi Nagahama, Masaki Naruo
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Patent number: 4353730Abstract: Disclosed is a granulating process which comprises the steps of providing a plurality of spouted bed granulation zones arranged in series and one or more fluidizing zones for cooling and drying purposes each disposed between two adjacent ones of the granulation zones, introducing priming granules of a particulate material into the first-stage granulation zone while spraying thereinto an adherent and solidifiable liquid together with a gas stream to enlarge the priming granules, cooling and drying the enlarged granules in the succeeding fluidizing zone, passing the resulting granules through the other granulation zones and fluidizing zones successively, and withdrawing the granules enlarged to a desired particle size from the last-stage granulation zone. Also disclosed is an apparatus for carrying out this granulating process.Type: GrantFiled: November 17, 1980Date of Patent: October 12, 1982Assignees: Toyo Engineering Corporation, Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, IncorporatedInventors: Bunji Kinno, Hiroshi Hirayama, Tetsuzo Honda
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Patent number: 4352718Abstract: There is disclosed a method and apparatus for treating particulate material. The said material is injected into a chamber. The material subsequently thereto is sprayed with a moistening material. At the same time gases are introduced at the top of the chamber and at the bottom thereof whereby the moisture on the particulate material is evaporated at a controlled rate. The parameters are such that the applied moisture has an opportunity to penetrate the particulate material for a short period of time to achieve some agglomeration before the moisture is evaporated. A fluidized bed is maintained at the bottom of the chamber and the treated particulate material is removed in this fashion.Type: GrantFiled: February 23, 1981Date of Patent: October 5, 1982Assignee: Claudius Peters AGInventor: Gustav Grun
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Patent number: 4343622Abstract: Manufacture of granules built up from a core and an envelope in a fluidized bed of nuclei. A stream of liquid containing the enveloping material is hydraulically sprayed within the bed from the bottom upwards by means of at least one hydraulic sprayer surrounded by a coaxial, annular, converging aperture through which auxiliary gas is discharged at such a vertical velocity that the conical stream of droplets is narrowed to a stream having an apex angle of less than 20.degree., and in such a quantity that a cavity of dilute fluidized phase is formed above each sprayer, which cavity is located entirely within the bed.Type: GrantFiled: May 8, 1981Date of Patent: August 10, 1982Assignee: Compagnie Neerlandaise de l'AzoteInventor: Jean P. Bruynseels
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Patent number: 4328189Abstract: An apparatus for granulation of precipitation products, comprising a liquid-filled reaction chamber including a granulation chamber which receives aqueous streams of compounds which precipitate to form granules. The granulation chamber has an open upper edge connected to the narrow edge of a conical surface. The upper open edge of the conical surface merges with an apron which is spaced inwardly from the inner periphery of the reaction chamber. Conduit means conduct granules downwardly from the granulation chamber. Liquid and fine granules rise upwardly within the conical surface. Granules descend back into the granulating chamber. Clean liquid passes downwardly through the annular space between the apron and the reaction chamber for removal from the space between the conical surface and the apron.Type: GrantFiled: April 13, 1981Date of Patent: May 4, 1982Assignee: Dr. C. Otto & Comp. G.m.b.H.Inventors: Egon Haese, Rolf Willms, Karl D. Schultheiss
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Patent number: 4277288Abstract: A process for producing a substantially dry, low dusting, free flowing granular pigment composition comprises (a) contacting a fluidized bed of pigment and a granulating assistant, (b) optionally contacting the granules so obtained with a surfactant and (c) removing the dry granules from the bed.Type: GrantFiled: October 2, 1979Date of Patent: July 7, 1981Assignee: Ciba-Geigy CorporationInventors: Simon G. Lawrence, James Hossack
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Patent number: 4263012Abstract: The method consists in a counter-current introducing of liquid sulfur into a vertical stream of air, having the linear velocity increasing downwards, from a velocity lower than the critical velocity of sulfur dust in the sprinkling zone to a velocity higher than the critical velocity of formed granule in the zone of intensive cooling. As an additional cooling medium water can be employed, introduced in form of a mist at the place of emission of the air from the column into the ambient atmosphere.The variable velocity of air is achieved through employing in the granulating apparatus the cross-sectional area increasing from the smallest in the zone of intensive cooling to the maximum area in the sprinking zone.After the method according to the invention granules can be produced, having any grain characteristic, high selectivity and smooth spherically formed surface, and high mechanical strength.Type: GrantFiled: November 6, 1979Date of Patent: April 21, 1981Assignee: Instytut Przemyslu OrganicznegoInventors: Halina Leszczynska, Michal Gulcz, Zdzislaw Januszewski, Czeslaw Godlewski, Zdzislaw Gorczyca, Norbert Janota
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Patent number: 4261958Abstract: A process for the production of sodium aluminate comprising drying an aluminate solution containing from 45 to 350 g/l of caustic Na.sub.2 O with a molecular ratio of caustic Na.sub.2 O to Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 from 1.1 to 1.8 in a fluidized bed of solid particles at 250.degree.-400.degree. C. of sodium aluminate using a gas heated to 750.degree.-950.degree. C. containing no carbon dioxide as a fluidizing medium and a heat carrier in an amount from 2000 to 25000 nm.sup.3 per 1 m.sup.3 of aluminate solution; feeding said aluminate, solution for drying by atomizing it at a velocity from 25 to 35 m/s thereby obtaining sodium aluminate in the form of pellets of a size from 0.5 to 8 mm with a bulk weight from 1.2 to 1.4 t/m.sup.3 completely soluble in water and alkaline solutions, with a maximum content of hygroscopic moisture of 0.3% by weight and a maximum content of water of crystallization of 5% by weight.Type: GrantFiled: April 11, 1978Date of Patent: April 14, 1981Inventors: Ilya Z. Pevzner, Vitaly Y. Tumarinson, Nikolai I. Eremin, Dmitry E. Subochev, Alexandr S. Ryzhkov, Leonid S. Nisse
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Patent number: 4260508Abstract: A powdered sodium percarbonate composition is provided which exhibits significantly improved percarbonate stability during storage. The sodium percarbonate is stabilized by a phosphate containing compound such as sodium tripolyphosphate or sodium orthophosphate. The powdered sodium percarbonate composition is useful as a powder bleach and preferably comprises a separation resistant bleach composition in the form of a plurality of particles, substantially each particle including sodium carbonate, sufficient sodium percarbonate to provide from about 1 to about 6 weight percent available oxygen, and sufficient of the phosphate containing stabilizer to retard decomposition of the percarbonate.Type: GrantFiled: August 15, 1979Date of Patent: April 7, 1981Assignee: The Clorox CompanyInventor: Lodric L. Maddox
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Patent number: 4244698Abstract: A method of drying hydrated crystalline magnesium sulfate to reduce its surface moisture content is disclosed. The method comprises: (a) fluidizing a bed of hydrated crystalline magnesium sulfate particles by continuously passing a heated gaseous medium in a generally upwardly direction through the particles at a superficial velocity at least sufficient to maintain turbulent fluidization and mixing of the particles throughout the bed; (b) transferring a dispersed form of hydrated crystalline magnesium sulfate to be dried into the fluidized bed; (c) maintaining the amount of crystalline magnesium sulfate within the fluidized bed at a constant depth; (d) controlling the temperature and relative humidity of the heated gaseous medium to maintain a bed temperature and humidity sufficient to vaporize at least a portion of the surface moisture from the hydrated crystalline magnesium sulfate without removing waters of hydration; and (e) removing dried hydrated crystalline magnesium sulfate from the bed.Type: GrantFiled: May 2, 1978Date of Patent: January 13, 1981Assignee: The Dow Chemical CompanyInventors: Robert J. King, Herbert A. Johnson
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Patent number: 4126424Abstract: A method of compacting silica dust without the use of water is disclosed. The dust is charged to a hopper and is then injected with air under pressure whereby the weight per unit volume of the material is increased.Type: GrantFiled: April 27, 1977Date of Patent: November 21, 1978Assignee: Elkem-Spigerverket A/SInventor: Ole A. Kongsgaarden
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Patent number: 4088745Abstract: A process of reacting finely divided material in a fluidized bed supported by a circular grate in relative circular motion with regard to a cell enclosing an auxiliary bed which has a bottom in free communication with the main fluidized bed and which is in hydrostatic equilibrium with the latter, whereby slag settled on the grate is sorted and extracted.Type: GrantFiled: May 24, 1974Date of Patent: May 9, 1978Assignee: Compagnie Industrielle de Procedes & d'Applications S.A.Inventor: Albert A. Godel
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Patent number: 4071304Abstract: In apparatus for treating and separating products in granular form, a container is provided with fluidization and vibration means, the grains and the pulverulent solid are subjected to the fluidization treatment only in a vertical portion of the bed, the circulation currents arising therefrom are utilized for separating, within the container itself, the treated product in granular form from the pulverulent solid, and the vibrations are utilized for discharging the treated products to the outside.Type: GrantFiled: May 26, 1976Date of Patent: January 31, 1978Assignee: Charbonnages de FranceInventors: Raymond Chauvin, Pierre M. M. Guillon
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Patent number: 4062641Abstract: An agglomerating unit having a rotatable, conical, downwardly, narrowing section on the interior surface of which moistened powder is deposited. Close to said interior surface a stationary scraper is mounted. When the conical section is rotated the powder is dislodged from said surface by the scraper. A very efficient removal of powder is obtained whereby the risk of biological or chemical deterioration of the powder is reduced.Type: GrantFiled: October 18, 1976Date of Patent: December 13, 1977Assignee: A/S Niro AtomizerInventors: Svend Hovmand, Erik Dankvard Sorensen
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Patent number: 4059538Abstract: Detergent formulations are granulated commercially by spray drying a slurry of the formulation. There is now proposed a method in which the components in powder form are granulated with a binder in a substantially horizontal annular rotating bed. The binder may be released by the action of the rotating bed.Type: GrantFiled: March 1, 1976Date of Patent: November 22, 1977Assignee: Lever Brothers CompanyInventors: Robin John Green, Richard Shaw Johnson, John Kenneth Potter
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Patent number: 4053375Abstract: Alumina-cryolite waste from aluminum pot lines is subjected to oxidation in a fluidized bed reactor to remove carbon and organic contamination. Agglomeration of the alumina-cryolite product occurs in the fluidized bed and a pellet product suitable for return to the aluminum pot lines is produced.Type: GrantFiled: July 16, 1976Date of Patent: October 11, 1977Assignee: Dorr-Oliver IncorporatedInventors: Elliott J. Roberts, Stanley Bunk, Peter Allen Angevine
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Patent number: 4005987Abstract: A process for drying moist material, particularly substances containing water of crystallization, in which the material is passed in counterflow through a shaft to gases having an inlet temperature of 200.degree. to 1000.degree. C. The gas rises at a velocity of 2 to 30 m/sec. and the moist substances are introduced into the shaft in a high-density stream so that the moist materials agglomerate concurrently with the drying.Type: GrantFiled: September 30, 1974Date of Patent: February 1, 1977Assignee: Metallgesellschaft AktiengesellschaftInventor: Egon Jury
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Patent number: 3969546Abstract: Granular calcium hypochlorite particles having a core of calcium hypochlorite encapsulated in a plurality of layers of calcium hypochlorite are produced from an aqueous slurry of calcium hypochlorite by spraying a pumpable and sprayable slurry of calcium hypochlorite particles onto suspended particles of solid calcium hypochlorite above a moving bed of said particles in a fluidized bed. The solid particles coated with the slurry are heated to simultaneously evaporate and remove water from the slurry whereby said particles are coated with a layer of solid calcium hypochlorite.A portion of the moving bed of coated particles is removed from the spraying zone and further processed, if desired. In one embodiment, the coated particles with or without sizing are further dried to produce granular particles having the desired moisture content.Type: GrantFiled: December 20, 1974Date of Patent: July 13, 1976Assignee: Olin CorporationInventor: Walter C. Saeman
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Patent number: 3930800Abstract: Fluidized bed desubliming apparatus for directly desubliming gaseous aluminum chloride to solid form in a fluidized bed of solid particles of aluminum chloride in a chamber at controlled temperatures for production of selectively constituted solid particulate aluminum chloride, for example including cooling means within the bed for maintaining such controlled temperatures, means for introducing such gaseous aluminum chloride into the bed remote from all contact surfaces within the chamber which are below the ambient desublimation temperature, gas distribution inlet means, residual gaseous effluent outlet means and means for withdrawing aluminum chloride particles from the bed.Type: GrantFiled: August 29, 1973Date of Patent: January 6, 1976Assignee: Aluminum Company of AmericaInventors: Ronald C. Schoener, Larry K. King, Lester L. Knapp, Nicholas Kloap