Abstract: The present specification provides a two-dimensional code identification method and device, and a two-dimensional code positioning and identification model establishment method and device. The two-dimensional code identification method includes: obtaining a to-be-identified two-dimensional code, and performing global feature positioning detection on the to-be-identified two-dimensional code by using a pre-established two-dimensional code positioning and identification model; performing focus adjustment, based on a predetermined image resolution, on the to-be-identified two-dimensional code on which positioning detection is performed; and decoding the to-be-identified two-dimensional code on which focus adjustment is performed. The present specification can improve the identification accuracy of two-dimensional codes shot in complex scenarios.

Abstract: A process in which both an optical coating, for example, an AR coating, and an ETC coating are deposited on a glass substrate article, in sequential steps, with the optical coating being deposited first and the ETC coating being deposited second, using the same apparatus and without exposing the article to the atmosphere at any time during the application of the optical coating and ETC coating.

Abstract: Techniques facilitating blockchain ledgers of material spectral signatures for supply chain integrity management are provided. In one example, a computer-implemented method comprises validating, by a device operatively coupled to a processor, spectral signature data associated with a material, resulting in validated spectral signature data; and generating, by the device, a set of information corresponding to a transaction of the material in a blockchain associated with the material, wherein the set of information is related to the validated spectral signature data. In some embodiments, the computer-implemented method further comprises authenticating, by the device, a first party device associated with a first party to the transaction and a second party device associated with a second party to the transaction and including identities of the first party and the second party as indicated by the respective party devices in the set of information.

Abstract: A machine-readable code rendering device may include an electronic paper display and a machine-readable code rendering module that dynamically renders machine-readable codes on the electronic paper display. The electronic paper display may be configured so that the machine-readable codes are read by a light-based code reader off of the electronic paper display.

Abstract: Embodiments herein describe a system that includes a scanner that captures images of a package. The scanner processes the image to identify a destination for the package. For example, the scanner may transmit bar code data identified in the image to an inventory tracking system which issues commands to an item-sortation machine for routing the package to its destination. The images of the package captured by the scanner may include private information that is not needed or used to determine the destination of the package. To protect private information in the package, the scanner assigns an obfuscated ID to the package which the scanner, inventory tracking system, and item-sortation machine can use to pass messages corresponding to the package. After processing the image to identify the destination (e.g., data encoded in a bar code), the scanner can erase the image.

Abstract: A device for defining a flap geometry of a flap for laser treatment of a human eye comprises a control unit programmed to evaluate ablation profile data of an ablation profile for a laser ablation treatment of a human cornea and to define the flap geometry based on this evaluation.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for a medication container that may be locked using a locking mechanism. In one exemplary method, a request from a user may be received by a medication provider for a medication. The medication may be placed in a medication container with a locking mechanism that is operable to lock and unlock the medication container. The medication container may be locked using the locking mechanism. The locked medication container with the medication within may be provided to the user. Subsequent to providing the locked medication container to the user, a request may be received from the user to access the medication in the medication container. A credential may be sent to the user that is usable, via the locking mechanism, to unlock the medication container. The user may then input the credential into the locking mechanism to unlock the medication container and access the medication therein.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, obtaining a first image of a random distribution of particles overlaying an encoded region of an object identification tag, wherein the first image is obtained according to a first image capture configuration comprising a first image capture angle. The first image is associated with a decoded message determined according to the encoded region resulting in an association between the object identification tag and the first reflection pattern. A second image of the random distribution of particles is obtained according to a second image capture configuration including a second image capture angle, and an authenticity of the object identification tag is determined according to the association, the first image, and the second image. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: An example method includes determining, by a controller of an image capture system, a plurality of sets of exposure parameter values for one or more exposure parameters. The plurality of sets of exposure parameter values are determined at an exposure determination rate. The method further includes capturing, by an image capture device of the image capture system, a plurality of images. Each image of the plurality of images is captured according to a set of exposure parameter values of the plurality of sets of exposure parameter values. The method also includes sending, by the controller of the image capture system to an image processing unit, a subset of the plurality of images. Each subset of images is sent at a sampling rate, and the sampling rate is less than the exposure determination rate.

Abstract: A bioptic barcode reader is disclosed for selective use of illumination color to capture appropriate data. The bioptic barcode reader includes a housing and a primary imager positioned within the housing, configured to scan a target object during a first time period. The bioptic barcode reader further includes a primary illumination source positioned within the housing configured to emit primary illumination in a primary wavelength range during the first time period. The bioptic barcode reader further includes a secondary imager configured to capture one or more images of a target object during a second time period. The bioptic barcode reader further includes a secondary illumination source configured to emit secondary illumination in a secondary wavelength range during the second time period, wherein the second time period and first time period are interleaved and the secondary wavelength range is different from the primary wavelength range.

Abstract: Cantilever-Free Scanning Probe Lithography (CF-SPL) techniques are used to enable generation of 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-D information containing patterns in a mask-free manner that, in turn, enables instantaneous change of pattern design.

Abstract: A sensor-augmented two-dimensional barcode includes a layer provided on a substrate comprising a two-dimensional error-correcting barcode symbol. The bar code symbol further includes a barcode region, an empty region, and a dynamic region. The barcode region includes a plurality of modules in a static color state and the empty region has an area. Additionally, the dynamic region is provided on the substrate and positioned within the area of the empty region. The dynamic region includes a dynamic indicator having a chemistry that is configured, responsive to the occurrence of an environmental condition, to undergo a chemical or physical state change between an initial state and an end state, causing a change in the color state of the dynamic indicator. Additionally, the color state indicates exposure to the environmental condition.

Abstract: A method manufacturing a three-dimensional article having readable indicia includes three-dimensionally printing the article and post-processing that following the printing. The three-dimensional printing forms the three-dimensional article in a layer-by-layer manner. The resultant three-dimensional article includes an outer portion of build material defining a plurality of enclosed internal channels, an encapsulated support material containing a phosphor component defining the indicia disposed within the channels, and unencapsulated support material that provides structural support to otherwise unsupported portions of the build material during the three-dimensional printing. The post-processing removes the unencapsulated support material form the build material but leaves the encapsulated build material.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a mount body by which the apparatus is secured to a structure. A camera assembly includes an image sensor adapted to capture images within its field of view. A lighting assembly houses one or more light sources including a directional light source. A control-board assembly fixed to the mount body, houses control boards including one or more processors configured to acquire information about an object, to associate a location within the field of view of the image sensor with the object, to point light emitted by the directional light source at the location associated with the obj ect by rotating the lighting assembly and turning the laser assembly, and, based on an image acquired from the camera assembly, to detect change within the field of view of the image sensor corresponding to placement or removal of the object.

Abstract: Data sharing between a first user and a second user includes receiving a scan code from the first user; associating the scan code with a first profile of the first user; receiving, from a second user, an indication that the second user scanned the scan code; identifying, for the first user, the second user as a potential contact; sending, to the first user, a first request to share first user data with the second user; and receiving, from the first user, a response to the first request to share the first user data with the second user. Managing a directory of contacts includes creating the directory of contacts; receiving an event-based joining tag for the directory; adding a contact; and responsive to an event-based joining tag being active, adding the contact to the directory of contacts.

Abstract: A barcode reader may include barcode reading hardware, which may include an image sensor. The image sensor may capture an image of a barcode within a field of view. The barcode reading hardware may also include a communication interface for output of decoded data to a remote computing system. The barcode reader may also include volatile memory and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory may include start-up instructions. The barcode reader may also include a processor. The processor may be configured to, upon power-up of the barcode reader, execute the start-up instructions to obtain firmware for operating the barcode reader from a remote configuration server, load the firmware to the volatile memory, and commence execution of the firmware to commence barcode reading functions of the barcode reader without performing a re-boot operation.

Abstract: In some arrangements, product packaging is digitally watermarked over most of its extent to facilitate high-throughput item identification at retail checkouts. Imagery captured by conventional or plenoptic cameras can be processed (e.g., by GPUs) to derive several different perspective-transformed views—further minimizing the need to manually reposition items for identification. Crinkles and other deformations in product packaging can be optically sensed, allowing such surfaces to be virtually flattened to aid identification. Piles of items can be 3D-modelled and virtually segmented into geometric primitives to aid identification, and to discover locations of obscured items. Other data (e.g., including data from sensors in aisles, shelves and carts, and gaze tracking for clues about visual saliency) can be used in assessing identification hypotheses about an item. Logos may be identified and used—or ignored—in product identification. A great variety of other features and arrangements are also detailed.

Abstract: An activatable quality label operative to provide an indication of exceedance of a temperature threshold following activation thereof at a temperature less than or equal to an activation temperature, including a readable indicator located on the quality label and operative, following activation of the quality label at or below the activation temperature, to readably indicate exceedance of the temperature threshold, an actuator element operative to activate the quality label and indicia at least partially formed by thermochromic ink, the thermochromic ink having a first visual appearance at temperatures less than or equal to the activation temperature and a second visual appearance at temperatures above the activation temperature, such that a visual appearance of the indicia is indicative of whether the quality label is at a temperature less than or equal to the activation temperature and hence may be activated.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, a lossless protection procedure may be applied to control distribution of a print geometry of an industrial asset item. For example, an item definition data store may contain electronic records defining a geometry of the industrial asset item. A signature identifier encoder platform may determine a unique signature identifier associated with the industrial asset item and modify the geometry of the industrial asset item to encode therein information about the unique signature identifier. In some cases, for example, this may be done by adjusting a scanning pattern of a fill region (e.g., stripe, checkerboard, etc.) or a support structure of the industrial asset item. An authentication platform may then receive, from a sensor (e.g., an X-ray), a measured characteristic parameter of an item to be authenticated and determine a signature identifier of the item (which can be used to authenticate the item).

Abstract: Proposed are an image reading device and method of a simple configuration which can be easily operated intuitively by the operator, and which enables the accurate reading of a 2D code. With the image reading device which optically reads an image and the image reading method to be executed by the image reading device of the present invention, a first aerial image, which indicates a position over which the image is to be placed, is aerially formed at a focal position of the camera, the image placed in conformity with the first aerial image is read with a camera, and the first aerial image is aerially formed at a focal position of the camera.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting suspicious activities surrounding the management of controlled substances in a medical facility is described herein, where the activities that may indicate the diversion of controlled drugs are flagged for further review. The activities are detected by invigilating application layer network packets, related to controlled substances, on the medical facility network, and processing these packets with a rules engine and machine learning generated rules to make a determination if the circumstances surrounding the packets indicate the diversion of controlled substances.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for acquiring information designating a plurality of menu items provided in a meal; reading a characteristic of each of the plurality of menu items provided in the meal, from a menu item database that stores a characteristic for each menu item; generating an classification model for classifying a specified menu item from among the plurality of menu items, based on characteristics of the menu items; acquiring measurement data measured by a sensor attached to a utensil during the meal; and classifying a menu item corresponding to the measurement data, from a characteristic corresponding to the measurement data, using the classification model.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to image signal processing, including encoding signals for image data or artwork. A color blend/print model is used to predict signal detectability and visibility as is printed on a particular substrate, which facilitates object grading prior to print runs.

Abstract: A medication container for validating self-administration of prescription medication by a patient wherein the prescription medication is administered over a series of timed dosages. A machine-readable optical code label such as a QR Code is affixed to an interior surface of a medication container containing the medication such as the interior of the bottle cap. The container must be open to electronically read the optical code label. The label contains data associated with the medication and is read by a software application installed on a smartphone. The software receives the label-embedded data and a timestamp to validate the patient is self-administering the medication consistent with the series of timed dosages.

Abstract: A decoding device includes a processor configured to: analyze a captured image having a 2D captured image coordinate system to identify an instance of a type of anchor marking therein; derive an orientation thereof relative to the captured image coordinate system; correlate the type of anchor marking to a relative location of a corresponding type of target marking within a 2D normalized coordinate system; employ the location and orientation of the instance of the type of anchor marking within the captured image coordinate system, and the relative location of the type of target marking within the normalized coordinate system to derive a location of an instance of the type of target marking within the captured image coordinate system; attempt interpretation of the instance of the type of target marking at the derived location to decode data thereat; and in response to a successful decode, transmit the data to another device.

Abstract: An image capture system has an electronic rolling shutter (ERS) imager in area mode with high illumination to perform image acquisition (i.e. barcode reading) for fast moving items. Shearing distortion may occur but image blur is reduced and the image can be decoded. The ERS imager replaces global shutter imagers at a much lower cost and wider availability. The image capture system separates illumination into multiple bands in space and then synchronize the illumination bands with the exposure of the ERS imager in time. Much less illumination is required for the same image quality.

Abstract: A moisture amount detection device includes: a light source that projects light that flickers at a predetermined frequency toward an object; a light receiver that receives the light reflected by the object and outputs a detection signal; an amplifier that outputs an amplified signal obtained by amplifying the detection signal by a predetermined amplification factor; a lock-in amplifier that outputs an extracted signal obtained by extracting a signal of a predetermined frequency from the amplified signal; an A/D converter that performs A/D conversion on the extracted signal, and outputs a digital signal; a second low-pass filter whose passband is changeable, and that allows a signal of a frequency in the passband in the digital signal to pass therethrough; and a controller that performs first control to change the passband according to a signal intensity indicated by the digital signal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses generate and render data embedded with associated meta-data in a human or machine recognizable format. The apparatus includes an obtaining device to acquire first data in a predetermined format and associated second data comprising information of the first data, and to output the first data and the associated second data; a processing device to receive the first data and the associated second data from the obtaining device, to process the first data and the associated second data to thereby generate meta-data based on the first data and/or the associated second data, to convert the meta-data into the predetermined format of the first data, and to embed the converted meta-data into the first data as a combined data in the predetermined format; and a rendering device to receive the combined data from the processing device, and to render the combined data in the human or machine recognizable format.

Abstract: An improvement is made to a funnel used in connection with a conveyor belt to increase the scanning speed of barcodes on items moving through the funnel and onto the conveyor belt. The funnel includes a funnel protrusion that provides mechanical support and optical access to a bottom-facing barcode on the container. The increased field of view for the barcode created by the funnel protrusion allows for increased scanning speed. Further, a camera system may be used with the funnel to increase scanning speed. The camera system may include a plurality of cameras and a plurality of mirrors to obtain multiple perspectives of the container and provide different images for faster processing.

Abstract: In various aspects, code-based indicia contain secured network access credentials. In some aspects, a computer processor receives user input that specifies secured network access credentials, and the computer processor creates or modifies credentials for establishing a secured network connection. In these aspects, the computer processor generates code-based indicia that contain at least part of the secured network access credentials. In other aspects, a computer processor scans the code-based indicia and extracts the network access credentials. In these aspects, the computer processor employs the network access credentials to establish the secured network connection. In additional aspects, a network router apparatus renders the code-based indicia to an active display. In further aspects, a network router apparatus conditions grant of network access to a device on receipt from the device of an answer to a security question included in the secured network access credentials.

Abstract: A method for determining whether a candidate barcode is genuine involves acquiring an image of an original barcode; determining, from the image of the original barcode, a deviation of a continuous edge of the original barcode from a nominal shape; encoding the deviation as signature data for the original barcode; storing the signature data for the original barcode on a storage device; acquiring an image of the candidate barcode; determining, from the image of the candidate barcode, a deviation of a continuous edge of the candidate barcode from the nominal shape; retrieving the signature data for the original barcode from the storage device; comparing the signature data for the original barcode with the signature data for the candidate barcode; and making a determination that the candidate barcode is genuine or not genuine based on a result of the comparison.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems may provide for the detection of an object at a rotating intersecting plane of light created by synchronously rotating a first plane of light and a second plane of light. A first laser beam of a first color may be projected with a first laser line projector and a second laser beam of a second laser beam of a second color may be projected with a second line projector. Laser planes of the first and second laser beams may be adjusted to create a beam intersection line plane of a third color on an object located at a predetermined intersection range from the first and second laser line projectors. The first and second laser line projectors may be rotated to create a rotating plane of light of the third color on the object.

Abstract: A method for supply chain management using mobile devices with a server on an electronic data network includes receiving identifying information for a product transmitted from a mobile device via the network, the server being periodically updated with product recall data. The server queries a traceability server via the network for master data and event data related to the product using the identifying information. The server processes the recall data, master data, and event data to produce product data which is output to the mobile device.

Abstract: Data transfer devices as well as methods of interfacing, configuring, and using the same are disclosed. Data transfer devices described herein allow a proper communication interface to be mounted on an input device, e.g., a scanner, connected to the data transfer device, enabling communication between the input device and a host device. The data transfer devices allow the input device to be configured for communication with the host device based on a particular type of connection, e.g., a particular hardware attachment that utilizes a particular communication interface. The data transfer device therefore enables “plug-and-play” connectivity between an input device and a host device that removes the amount of user-configuration or user-modification that is required to establish a connection or have the input device, e.g., scanner, mount a proper interface that is compatible with the data transfer device.

Abstract: Method and systems for assessing the authenticity of a candidate product compare molecular sensor generated spectrum data for the candidate product with spectrum data for the identified product. A method includes receiving data identifying a product and spectrum data generated by scanning the one or more locations of the candidate product with a molecular sensor that emits electromagnetic radiation onto the candidate product and includes a spectrometer to generate the received spectrum data for resulting electromagnetic radiation reflections from the candidate product. The received spectrum data is compared with spectrum data for the identified product. The candidate product is classified as authenticated or non-authenticated based on the results of the comparison between the received spectrum data for the candidate product and the spectrum data for the identified product.

Abstract: A method and device for cutting materials for manufacturing parts according to which an image of a cutting line is made recurrently downstream from a cutting head. The images produced are analyzed in real time to calculate amplitudes of deviations in the quality of the surface profiles of the cutting line as the part is being cut and comparing the calculated amplitudes to at least one predefined threshold value. The cutting is stopped in the event of the at least one threshold value being exceeded.

Abstract: A POS terminal (code reading device) according to one example embodiment of the present invention includes: a code reading unit that reads information of a code based on a reflected light from the code attached to an item; and a discount processing unit that, when the information of the code is not read by using a first light being irradiated on the code and the information of the code is read by using a second light being irradiated on the code, makes a discount associated with the second light for the item, wherein the second light is different from the first light.

Abstract: An image output device includes an acquisition unit that acquires original image data indicating an original image, a storage unit that certifies, for each of blocks, whether the original image is a barcode area and that stores output image data for outputting the original image, and an output unit that performs output based on the output image data using methods that are different between an area indicated to be the barcode area and an area indicated not to be the barcode area, wherein the output image data is JPEG data compressed for the each block.

Abstract: A device-implemented method according to one embodiment includes connecting a device to a medical record library system; receiving a valid user access credential; in response to receiving the valid user credential, granting selective user access to the device; receiving a selection of a patient profile corresponding to a patient; receiving location data of the patient corresponding to the selected patient profile; outputting, to a display of the device, a graphical representation of the location of the patient based on the location data; determining whether the device is within a predetermined proximity of the patient; allowing receipt of wellness data of the patient in response to a determination that the device is within the predetermined proximity of the patient; denying receipt of the wellness data in response to a determination that the device is not within the predetermined proximity; and updating the selected patient profile with the location and wellness data.

Abstract: Systems and processes for remote provisioning of manager approval are described. A point-of-sale application on a worker mobile device can send a request for manager approval to perform a transaction-related action for which a worker lacks sufficient permissions. A manager application on a remote manager device can display a notification of the request and can also present additional information regarding the request (and historical requests), including a queue of pending requests that can be generated and updated according to priority rules and transaction conditions. The manager application receives an indication of the manager's approval to the worker mobile device. In response, the worker mobile device can automatically perform the action. In some configurations, an intermediate device (e.g., a local or remote server device) can execute the manager application and can add data and capabilities to the system and processes.

Abstract: There is provided a combined two-dimensional code generating apparatus, comprising: a two-dimensional code information generating module (1), a key information generating module (3), an abstract computing module (4), a two-dimensional code coding module (5), a two-dimensional code image generating module (6), and a dot matrix image generating module (7), wherein: the two-dimensional code information generating module is configured for generating data information to be coded into the two-dimensional code; the key information generating module is configured for generating a key for computing an abstract; the abstract computing module is configured for computing, using a Hash algorithm, the data information of the two-dimensional code and the abstract of the key; the two-dimensional code coding module is configured for combining the abstract information and the data information of the two-dimensional code into coding data of the two-dimensional code; the two-dimensional code image generating module is configured

Abstract: A measurement system includes a plurality of RFID tags, each RFID tag configured to output tag information, each RFID tag having a width and spaced from an adjacent RFID tag by a pitch, a single RFID reader configured to read the tag information from at least one RFID tag of the plurality of RFID tags and a plate having a window disposed between the RFID reader and the plurality of RFID tags, wherein the window is dimensioned to control a transmission range between the RFID tags and the RFID reader. The system further includes a carrier to which the plurality of RFID tags are mounted and a control system configured to determine a position of the at least one RFID tag based on the tag information.

Abstract: An application on user's mobile device (having a display screen) generates a one-time use and time-limited barcode on the display when the user enters a PIN. The barcode can be scanned to make purchases at a point of sale (POS).

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes accessing a digital image captured by a camera that is connected to a machine-detectable object, detecting a reflection of the machine-detectable object in the digital image, computing, in response to the detection, a plane that is coincident with a reflective surface associated with the reflection, determining a boundary of the reflective surface in the plane based on at least one of a plurality of cues, and storing information associated with the reflective surface, where the information includes a pose of the reflective surface and the boundary of the reflective surface in a 3D model of a physical environment, and where the information associated with the reflective surface and the 3D model are configured to be used to render a reconstruction of the physical environment.

Abstract: A system and method that uses geo-location and a rules engine to facilitate compliance to federal, state, and local regulations as well as company policies across different jurisdictions that may have different compliance regulations. A mobile workforce may use the techniques herein to manage work assignments, report activities, and to manage and track time. This technology may be used, e.g., in the transportation industry, but is not limited to this industry.

Abstract: A user's proficiency level of operation of a user apparatus is determined with higher accuracy. Acquisition unit acquires service contract information of a user using the apparatus. Determination unit determines the user's proficiency level of operation of the user apparatus based on service contract information acquired by acquisition unit. Trigger determination unit determines whether or not there has been an event (called a “trigger”) that triggers display of a hint to the user using the apparatus. If it is determined by trigger determination unit that a trigger has occurred, display control unit displays, on a display means, a hint corresponding to the trigger and the proficiency level determined by determination unit.

Abstract: A system of validating self-administration of prescription medication by a patient wherein the prescription medication is administered over a series of timed dosages. A machine-readable optical code label such as a QR Code is affixed to an interior surface of a prescription medication container containing the prescribed medication such as the interior of the bottle cap. The container must be open to electronically read the optical code label. The label contains data associated with the prescription medication and is read by a software application installed on a smartphone. The software receives the label-embedded data and a timestamp to validate the patient is self-administering the prescription medication consistent with the series of timed dosages. An alert notification is automatically generated to a healthcare administrator responsive to a deviation in the series of timed dosages.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, acquiring under ambient illumination an image of a label having an encoded region and an authentication region having a random distribution of reflective particles overlaying the encoded region. The encoded message is decoded from the image. An authentication image of the label is obtained according to an image capture configuration. The authentication image includes a reflection pattern of the random distribution of reflective particles. The reflection pattern is associated with the decoded message and an authenticity of the label is determined according to the association and based on a comparison of the reflection pattern to an authenticated reference reflection pattern. Authenticity of the label is determined responsive to the comparison indicating substantial match between the reflection pattern and the authenticated reference reflection pattern. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: In an embodiment, the present invention is an imaging engine including: a first imaging assembly having a first FOV; a second imaging assembly having a second FOV; and an aiming assembly configured to emit an aiming light pattern, the aiming light pattern including a first portion and a second portion, the first portion configured to correlate with the first FOV, the second portion configured to correlate with the second FOV, wherein the aiming light pattern is configured such that a combined power of any part of the aiming light pattern encompassed by a 7 mrad cone, as measured from the aiming assembly, is less than or equal to 1 mW, and the total combined power of the entire aiming light pattern is greater than 1 mW.

Abstract: First and second photodetectors having first and second collection areas receive return laser light that is reflected and scattered from a target, and generate first and second analog electrical output signals having first and second magnitudes. The second collection area is in close proximity to the first collection area. The first output signal is processed to obtain information related to the target. The first and the second output signals are processed, preferably by determining a ratio of the second magnitude to the first magnitude. A working distance to the target is determined based on the determined ratio. One or more reading parameters by which the target is electro-optically read are adjusted based on the determined working distance.