Abstract: An air-assisted spray nozzle assembly including a pre-atomizing section and a spray tip located downstream of said pre-atomizing section. The spray tip has an upstream chamber for receiving pre-atomized liquid from the pre-atomizing section, a downstream chamber separated from the upstream chamber by an end wall, and the end wall is formed with a plurality of discharge passages adjacent its outer perimeter for directing a plurality of discharging flow streams in part in an outward axial direction and in part in a direction toward each other for defining a well defined conical or flat spray pattern.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to create a simple and compact fuel feed for a gas turbine having an annular combustion chamber. In addition, the operational reliability of the gas turbine is to be improved.According to the invention, this is achieved when only one central main-gas feed line (15) and one central pilot-gas feed line (16) are connected to the annular combustion chamber (1). A main-gas ring line (13) and a pilot-gas ring line (14) are formed in the interior of the gas-turbine casing (5) or a burner hood (3) known per se. These ring lines (13, 14) are connected upstream to the main-gas feed line (15) and the pilot-gas feed line (16) respectively and downstream to the annular combustion chamber (1). (FIG.

Abstract: Use of a shrouding gas to combine with and protect a turbulent gas jet issuing from an orifice enables control of a gas jet stream composition downstream from the orifice. The natural aspiration rate of the gas jet is used to determine the flowrate of shrouding gas which is introduced around the gas jet in a soft gas cushion which does not disrupt the flow pattern of the gas jet but instead is entrained into the jet stream to the exclusion of ambient gases in the atmosphere. Preferably shrouding gas is replaced at least at the rate at which it is entrained. Apparatus for this process uses a porous shroud, preferably of metal foam, through which shrouding gas flows evenly around the gas jet as it issues from a nozzle orifice. Provision for tangential entry of shrouding gas into a manifold which feeds the porous shroud prevents the shrouding gas from impinging upon the porous shroud and causing uneven flow around the gas jet.

Abstract: A low pressure atomizer is used for the atomization of liquids, such as atomization of fuels found in industrial burners. An atomizer body has an atomizing chamber therein and an annular liquid conduit having an annular diffusion member therein. The diffusion member is shaped to direct liquid passing thereby and into the atomizing chamber and forces the liquid to enter the chamber adjacent the walls thereof. The atomizer body has a first annular gas conduit and a tangential gas port connected between the annular gas conduit and the liquid conduit so that the gas impinges tangentially against the liquid to shear and rotate the liquid entering the atomization chamber. A second annular gas conduit has an angled open into the atomizing chamber to further shear the liquid and gas mixture in the atomizer chamber so that a low pressure atomizer atomizes a liquid with low pressure gas streams.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve has an attachment with a two-part design including a main body and an insert. With the attachment, the functions of supplying and metering gas are optimized independently of the functions of sealing off the fuel injection valve with respect to an intake conduit and of securing the attachment onto the fuel injection valve. In addition, the fuel injection valve and attachment provide a modular system which allows a large number of possible variations which can be achieved by simple and inexpensive component changes.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for spraying a liquid or hot melt material involve placing the material in a plurality of parallel grooves arranged across the entire width of a movable member and then causing a compressed gas to impinge upon the material in the grooves, thereby to spray the material from the grooves toward a substrate, as by extending, fiberizing or atomizing the material, or by mixing a gas with the material. For some materials of relatively high viscosity, a scraper is used to scrape the material from the grooves, and the compressed gas impinges the material while it is on the scraper, thereby to cause spraying. This provides a wide band deposition of a liquid or hot melt material with uniform material distribution across the entire width, along with improved ability to quantify the amount of material deposited on the substrate.

Abstract: A combustor for a gas turbine having primary and secondary combustion zones. The combustor has primary gas fuel spray pegs for supplying a lean mixture of gaseous fuel to the primary combustion zone via a first annular pre-mixing passage and secondary fuel spray bars for supplying a lean mixture of fuel to the secondary combustion zone via a second annular pre-mixing passage. The fuel spray bars are aerodynamically shaped and a row of fuel discharge ports are formed on opposing sides of the spray bar. A pair of mixing fins project outwardly from the spray bar sides. The fins create turbulence in the air flow that ensures adequate mixing of the fuel and air. The fins have sufficient height and are displaced sufficiently far from the fuel discharge ports so that although the turbulence has not dissipated by the time the air flow reaches the fuel discharge ports, the zone of recirculation located downstream from the fins does not extend to the fuel discharge ports.

Abstract: A nozzle (12a, 12b, 12c) for atomizing a liquid, optionally containing suspended dry matter, through use of compressed gas, comprises, an inlet (32b) for liquid, an inlet (31b) for compressed gas, and an outlet (41) for gas mixed with finely divided liquid, as well as an intermediate mixing space (51). The inlet (31b) for compressed gas is adapted to give the gas a substantially rectilinear path through the mixing space (51). The inlet (32b) for the liquid is separated from the mixing space (51) by a partition (32) having a plurality of first holes (38) for introducing the liquid into the mixing space (51) in a direction substantially perpendicular to the main flow direction of the gas in the mixing space (51). The mixing space (51) is defined downstream by a wall (35) having a plurality of second holes (39). An inlet device (11a, 11b, 11c) comprising the inlet (31b) for compressed gas and the inlet (32b) for liquid consists of two concentric tubes (31, 32).

Abstract: A mixing unit for mixing gaseous fuel and combustion air includes a fuel supply chamber adapted to receive a supply of fuel, an air supply chamber adapted to receive a supply of combustion air, and a manifold separating the air supply chamber and a transfer conduit which is adapted to deliver the fuel-air mixture to a burner. The manifold is formed with air ports establishing communication between the air supply chamber and the transfer conduit such that multiple streams of combustion air flow through the manifold and into the transfer conduit. The manifold is further formed with fuel supply cavities which communicate with the fuel supply chamber and which alternate with the air ports in the manifold. Multiple fuel ports connect each air port with the adjacent cavities such that multiple sets of oppositely directed jets of fuel mix with the combustion air as the combustion air flows through the manifold.

Abstract: An air assisted atomizing spray nozzle including an atomizing member having: (a) a mixing chamber, (b) a liquid inlet opening for injecting a liquid stream axially into the mixing chamber, (c) a pair of air inlet openings for injecting a pair of air streams radially into the mixing chamber in directions substantially opposed to one another and substantially perpendicular to the liquid stream for atomizing the liquid stream, and (d) an exit orifice in axial communication with the mixing chamber for discharging atomized liquid therefrom. The atomized liquid is sprayed into atmosphere by a spray tip. The atomizing member and the spray tip are held in assembled relation with a housing by a quick connect/quick release cap.

Abstract: An ultrasonic fogger with a generally cylindrical body having an axial bore therethrough with an inlet at a rear face of the body and an outlet at a front face of the body. A gas is supplied to the inlet end of the bore. A chamber in the body is in communication with the bore, and a liquid supply is coupled to the chamber. A resonator is spaced from and opposes the outlet end of the bore. The chamber acts to pre-shear, through agitation, the liquid stream from the liquid supply.

Abstract: The two scrolls 22 forming air inlet slot 20 are each formed of a fixed vane 36 and a floating vane 38. The thin and hot floating vane 38 is secured to the massive and cooler fixed vane 36 with a longitudinal slidable joint 42. The floating vane may expand without restraint of the fixed vane, so that buckling is avoided and inlet slot 20 is uniform.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a replaceable nozzle insert adapted to be removably received and secured within the atomization port of a spray nozzle. The spray nozzle is then, in turn, used to atomize a two fluid mixture, typically slurry and gas. The nozzle insert is configured to provide for the use of highly abrasion-resistant materials in the construction of the insert, thereby significantly increasing the average life of the nozzle insert. The improved features of the nozzle insert include a two-piece design having an insert sleeve and an insert retaining cap. The insert sleeve portion of the nozzle insert has an interior fluid-conveying and gas flow passages therein and can be received into the atomization and inner body ports of the spray nozzle. The insert retaining cap cooperates with both the insert sleeve and the spray nozzle to secure the insert sleeve in place in the spray nozzle.

Abstract: An ultrasonic fogger includes: a generally cylindrical body having an axial bore with an outlet at a front face of the body; a gas supply and a liquid supply coupled to the bore; at least a portion of the front face having a curved convex contour, the front face having a flat central annular region surrounding the outlet of the bore; and a resonator spaced from and opposing the outlet end of the bore.

Abstract: The atomizer is a cap-shaped shroud that contains a stack of flat stamped metal inserts. When assembled onto the nozzle of a fuel injector, the atomizer causes the inserts to be axially sandwiched between the shroud's end wall and the exterior end of the nozzle. In the zone of sandwiching, the inserts have circumferential discontinuities that in cooperation with the nozzle end and the shroud's end wall define air assist openings for the assist air to flow radially inwardly toward the injected fuel that has just been injected from the nozzle. An air assist opening in one insert is thereby both circumferentially and axially offset from an air assist opening in another insert.

Abstract: An air amplifier is provided for use in pneumatic control systems that can operate over a wide range of flow and pressure characteristics, and can additionally operate against a back pressure. The air amplifier utilizes a tapered shim that causes the pressurized air to follow a Coanda profile over a wider range (and against a back pressure) than is possible when using only a slotted, non-tapered shim. The shim is ring-shaped with a planar surface and includes inwardly directed tangs that are cut-off to provide an open central area. Some or all of the tangs are tapered along either one or both sides of the tang.

Abstract: A valve for injecting a fuel/gas mixture that includes a perforated body, which comprises an upper thin plate and a lower thin plate, both of which are for instance embodied of monocrystalline silicon. At least one conduit is formed between the upper thin plate and the lower thin plate, by way of which conduit the gas meets the fuel injected through the at least one injection port. It is unnecessary to adjust the metered gas quantity. The perforated body and the valve are particularly suitable for injection systems in mixture-compressing internal combustion engines with externally supplied ignition.

Abstract: A fluid injection device and method includes an upstream conduit, downstream conduit, a support for holding the upstream and downstream conduit with their upstream and downstream passageways aligned and maintaining a gap between the adjacent ends of the conduits, and a secondary fluid source connectable to the gap for injecting secondary fluid into the gap and downstream throat. The upstream passageway includes an acceleration nozzle for accelerating the velocity of the fluid flow so that the pressure exerted by the fluid on the walls of the upstream passageway is substantially reduced and the reduced pressure is maintained across the gap. The downstream conduit includes a downstream passageway which maintains the accelerated velocity of the primary fluid and which conducts the accelerated fluid to a deceleration nozzle. The secondary fluid source injects secondary fluid into the gap and downstream conduit at a preselected higher pressure than the fluid exiting the upstream throat.

Abstract: An air assisted atomizing spray nozzle including: (a) a mixing chamber, (b) a liquid inlet opening for injecting a liquid stream axially into the mixing chamber, (c) a pair of air inlet openings for injecting a pair of air streams radially into the mixing chamber in directions substantially opposed to one another and substantially perpendicular to the liquid stream for atomizing the liquid stream, and (d) an exit orifice in axial communication with the mixing chamber for discharging atomized liquid therefrom.

Abstract: A nozzle for use in a foam gun is designed so that the ports for the two materials both enter the flow passage in the same plane. This serves to eliminate lead/lag flow conditions which result in portions of the material being off-ratio. Counterbored or milled slots encircle the angled sealing surface with the slots machined in from alternating edges of the surface communicating with the respective flow passages for the two (or more) materials.

Abstract: An atomizer device capable of reducing a flowable liquid to an ultrafine dispersion of liquid particles in a propellant gas, comprising a generally smooth surface having a central portion and a peripheral portion surrounding the central portion. At least one orifice is located in the surface, in at least a partially surrounding relationship to the central portion. A propellant gas is supplied to the underside of the surface, with such propellant gas being caused to pass at considerable speed through the orifice or orifices, thus forming at least one gas jet. The propellant gas flowing through the orifice or orifices create an area of low pressure at the central portion of the surface, and create at least one passway extending radially inwardly from the peripheral portion to the central portion, which passway, quite importantly, avoids direct contact with said gas jet.

Abstract: Dual fuel/air injectors are provided, including a conventional central diffusion flame fuel nozzle 12. A fuel injector 14 for pre-mixing fuel and air for low emissions combustion and coaxial to the central nozzle includes a plenum 30 about the central injector having an air inlet 32, an annular pre-mix chamber 34, a fuel injection region 36 between the pre-mix chamber and air inlet 32 and an outlet 40 defined in part by swirler vanes 38. Radially projecting fuel spokes 46 extend into the plenum 30 and are supplied fuel from a manifold 44. Apertures 52 in the spokes supply fuel in a circumferential direction to the incoming air. The spokes in the plenum define throat areas T which, in the aggregate, define a minimum cross-sectional area of the plenum 30. Differential air flows through the throats provide inverse differential fuel distribution in the throats whereby a uniform fuel/air mixture strength distribution occurs at the throats.

Abstract: A nozzle, and FCC process using the nozzle for atomizing heavy feed to a riser reactor, are disclosed. A liquid feed stream is atomized by radial out-to-in impingement of atomizing vapor, discharged onto an impingement plug in an annular expansion region, then sprayed through an outlet. Baffles at the expansion region outlet, and an orifice outlet improve feed atomization and feed/FCC catalyst contact in a riser reactor. The nozzle may be used to distribute liquid over other reactor beds, or to add liquid to distillation columns.

Abstract: Novel cluster nozzle designs useful for the formation of atomized sprays of fine liquid droplets in a continuous gas phase are described. A plurality of individual gas-liquid mixing zones communicate with a common source of liquid and a common source of gas to form gas-liquid mixtures for spraying from individual orifices in the nozzle. An improved uniformity of spray pattern is attained, as well as the ability to effect a greater liquid output from the nozzle through the use of larger size or numbers of orifices, while retaining very uniform sprays, by effecting a degree of premixing of liquid and gas before passage to the individual gas-liquid mixing zones.

Abstract: Novel nozzle designs useful for forming atomized sprays of fine liquid droplets in a continuous gas phase or fine gas bubbles in a continuous liquid phase, for a variety of purposes, are described. In one embodiment, the nozzle comprises a multiple number of orifices communicating with a single source of both liquid and gas, usually air, to spray in different directions away from the nozzle. In another embodiment, both gas and liquid feeds to the nozzle are effected at the same end, opposite to a single spray orifice or a multiple number of spray orifices. Also described are a plurality of designs for replaceable orifices.

Abstract: Novel nozzle designs useful for forming atomized sprays of fine liquid droplets in a continous gas phase or fine gas bubbles in a continuous liquid phase, for a variety of purposes, are described. In one embodiment, the nozzle comprises a multiple number of orifices communicating with a single source of both liquid and gas, usually air, to spray in different directions away from the nozzle. In another embodiment, both gas and liquid feeds to the nozzle are effected at the same end, opposite to a single spray orifice or a multiple number of spray orifices. Also described are a plurality of designs for replaceable orifices.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus for effecting a selected pattern of fluid flow wherein a first fluid is caused to flow along the surface of a body and a second fluid is caused to flow out of a plurality of holes in the surface of the body. The holes are arranged in a pattern so that the flow of the second fluid creates a baffle to change the direction of flow of the first fluid. The pattern is a grouping of holes wherein the grouping may be a straight line or a helix around a tubular body. The holes are rectangular in cross-section to form a fan-shaped pattern in the fluid passing through the holes. The longitudinal axis of each hole does not intersect the center of adjacent holes.

Abstract: A foam generating nozzle construction, and method of use is disclosed, wherein a tubular nozzle body, with an inlet and outlet has turbulence inducing means in the form of contiguous transverse apertured plates preceding air aspirating means. A pressurized mixture of water and foaming agent enters the nozzle and diverges through a first set of apertures in an obstructing plate, then converges through a contiguous plate with a central aperture partially overlying the first set of apertures to create a turbulent spray which then entrains air from aspiration holes to produce a low or medium expansion foam with an enhanced drain time.

Abstract: A cylindrical inset forming a mixing chamber in a binary atomizing nozzle is mounted in a housing ahead of the nozzle discharge and is provided with radial boreholes. The liquid to be atomized, for instance water, and the atomizing gas, for instance air, are fed to the cylindrical inset, with the liquid arriving axially and the gas passing radially from an annular spacing surrounding the inset within the nozzle housing through the radial boreholes into the inset. The radial boreholes are located in several consecutive transverse plans when viewed in the direction of flow and are arrayed in mutually offset manner in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical inset.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention an improved liquid fuel atomizing gun and method is disclosed wherein optimal efficiency atomization is accomplished by introducing liquid fuel under pressure in a first swirling spiral direction into a mixing chamber. The mixing chamber also includes means for introducing steam through a plurality of inclined orifices to introduce the steam and impact the sprayed liquid fuel in a contra-rotational swirl direction. This arrangement of opposite swirling directions of the injected fuel and steam in the gun mixing chamber produces maximum turbulence between the two fluids as each impinge upon the other in relative close proximity so that the kinetic energy of each stream, both oil and steam, is released as the opposing streams meet. The impact of such opposed liquid fuel and steam streams produces higher Reynolds numbers which result in additional turbulence for enhanced mixing.

Abstract: A heating unit preheats and stabilizes No. 2 fuel oil delivered through a conduit to the nozzle of an oil burner for optimizing efficiency of combustion. The heating unit is generally formed around a section of oil conduit or other elongate tubular metal core (18) at least equal to the inside diameter of the oil delivery conduit in which it is to be incorporated. At least one coat or layer (20) of heat conducting electrically insulating porcelain-like cement is formed on the core. A helical heating element or coil (21) of high temperature alloy wire surrounds the layer (20) and core (18). The outside of the coil is covered by an electrical and thermal insulating second layer (22) of refractory-type cement of lower thermal conductivity than the porcelain-like cement. The entire unit may be housed in an elongate box (16) packed with high temperature insulation (27) and with high temperature double insulated lead wires (24, 25, 26) extending into the box from the secondary of a 12-14 volt, 4-7 amp transformer.

Abstract: A nozzle injection unit for an oil fired fluid combustor has a pair of co-axial tubes sealed together at one end. The outer tube has an inlet and lateral outlets near the sealed end and is connected to an air supply. The inner tube is connected to a fuel oil supply and has a number of circumferential lateral outlets communicating with the outer tube. The oil emerging from the inner tube is carried by the air flow in the outer tube into the fluidized bed where it is ignited and consumed.

Abstract: In accordance with the teachings of the invention, the combustion system includes a combustion chamber, hearth, burners, and an air/fuel control system. The control system controls a pressurized air supply, a regulated gas supply, and means for regulating the gas supply as a function of the air pressure. The burner includes an air manifold within which is housed an air control orifice telescoped in a gas manifold and a diffuser inserted within the air control orifice for mixing the air and gas and causing turbulence of the air/gas mixture. The diffuser protrudes through an aperture in the air manifold for communication with a juxtaposed combustion chamber and hearth having a flue gas outlet. Regulated air and gas are supplied to the air manifold and gas manifold respectively and are preheated. The pessurized preheated air passes through a throat and nozzle created by the diffuser and air control orifice creating a low pressure area at ports communicating with the gas manifold.

Abstract: An intermittent injection type fuel injection valve including a nozzle body comprising a hollow cylindrical member and having a valve seat and an injection port, valve comprising a movable member having a valve seat interposed into the nozzle body and intermittently reciprocated therein; a compressed air supply passage communicating with a compressed air supply source and having an air opening provided on or near at least one of the valve seats of the nozzle body and movable member; and a compressed fuel supply passage communicating with a compressed fuel supply source and having at least one fuel opening provided on the valve seat of the nozzle body and movable member, the valve intermittently controlling the on-off communication of the air and fuel openings of the compressed air and fuel supply passages, and the fuel opening of the compressed fuel supply passage being positioned closer to the injection port than the air opening of the compressed air supply passage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a burner for combustion apparatus employing a so-called multistage atomization system in which a tip of a nozzle is blocked, an outer peripheral surface has an inclined portion formed therein, fuel is forced in a string-like pattern through a multiplicity of outflow passageways formed on the inclined portion while at the same time the flow of air is substantially brought to intersect thereto at right angles for atomized disintegration and the fuel flowing along the inclined portion is formed into substances in the form of film and subject to filmed disintegration at the top of a frustoconical portion.

Abstract: A converging/diverging venturi assembly positioned in a subsonic fluid flow stream for producing a supersonic flow velocity in the downstream diverging section with a pressure pickoff system that is located adjacent a minimum static pressure location just prior to a point where shock waves begin to form. The low pressure in the supersonic region in front of the shock wave may be utilized for reducing the boiling temperature of a fluid in a boiler by porting a tube from the low pressure venturi to the boiler, thus improving the heat transfer characteristics of the boiler where the boiler is used for a heat sink for heat sources in a mobile vehicle.

Abstract: An atomizing nozzle particularly suited for your use in compact combustion chambers. Successful combustion of liquid fuels having generally high viscosity and widely varying properties such as distillation temperatures, distillation rates and impurities, including "heavy" and waste oil. Improved combustion is accomplished through the use of viscosity control and improved fuel atomization. Use of a nozzle utilizing "shearing" of the fuel by an atomizing fluid stream which intersects the fuel at approximately right angles. Recombination of liquid fuel particles is prevented by the use of a controlled "exit orifice" in the burner nozzle. The nozzle also features continuous circulation of the fuel in the nozzle body which establishes orientation of impurities contained in the fuel relative to the exit orifice so that they are expelled through the orifice. Combustion of conventional distillate fuel oil such as API No. 1 and 2 is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing hydrocarbon fuel requirements for Haber Ammonia Synthesis by the supply of selected gases to the second reformer of such system, comprising a first cylindrical conduit, a second smaller coaxial cylinder inside of the first conduit, forming a first annular space therebetween, the downstream end of said second conduit closed, and a plurality of circumferentially-spaced orifices in the wall of said conduit upstream of the closed end. Means to supply air at selected pressure P1, temperature and flow rate to the first annular space, means to supply at least methane at a pressure P2 greater than P1, to said second conduit, so that the concentration of methane in the air will be less than the lower explosive limit, and means to shield the jets of gas from the orifices in the second conduit, as they flow radially outwardly across the annular space.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the preparation and control of an air-fuel mixture in which compressed air is divided into two streams, one of which is at a pressure taking into account engine load and existing atmospheric conditions and serves for supplying and sucking fuel and its preliminary atomization, the second stream serving for successive atomizations of fuel and correction of discharge while preventing secondary coagulation. The mixture is fed to the engine intake manifold, where it is further mixed with air sucked by the engine.

Abstract: A liquid fuel atomizer nozzle having a liquid fuel input and an air input, the nozzle including an internal mixing chamber in which the incoming liquid fuel to be atomized is subjected to high velocity air streams both within the central core of the liquid and about its periphery to effect thorough atomization of the liquid even at low atomizing air flow rates and pressures.

Abstract: An atomizing nozzle particularly suited for your use in compact combustion chambers. Successful combustion of liquid fuels having generally high viscosity and widely varying properties such as distillation temperatures, distillation rates and impurities, including "heavy" and waste oil. Improved combustion is accomplished through the use of viscosity control and improved fuel atomization. Use of a nozzle utilizing "shearing" of the fuel by an atomizing fluid stream which intersects the fuel at approximately right angles. Recombination of liquid fuel particles is prevented by the use of a controlled "exit orifice" in the burner nozzle. The nozzle also features continuous circulation of the fuel in the nozzle body which establishes orientation of impurities contained in the fuel relative to the exit orifice so that they are expelled through the orifice. Combustion of conventional distillate fuel oil such as API No. 1 and 2 is also provided.

Abstract: A flow passage having a restriction is connected between a fluid inlet and outlet. A frustum is disposed in the flow passage between the inlet and the restriction. The frustum has a base facing away from the restriction, and an apex facing toward the restriction. The inlet is transverse to the axis of the flow passage and positioned so the base and a portion only of the frustum are directly exposed to the inlet. The frustum is mounted on a rod extending through the flow passage. In one embodiment, a sphere is mounted on the end of the rod beyond the outlet. The rod may be hollow and have holes near the restriction for the purpose of liquid feed.

Abstract: A spray nozzle in which a plurality of streams of water under pressure are initially broken up mechanically within a chamber by impingement against a deflector therein and by the shearing action of its knife edge, and are then atomized and initially cooled within the chamber by jets of expanding compressed air, the cooled air and atomized water mixture then being discharged from an annular orifice in the form of a hollow cone spray in which the atomized water is further cooled by reason of the temperature drop in the discharged air because of its expansion upon discharge. This results in the formation of snow flakes where the ambient atmospheric temperature is sufficiently low to effect freezing of the discharged atomized water.

Abstract: Apparatus for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine is disclosed. Techniques for increasing combustion efficiency and for decreasing the percentage of noxious emissions in the effluent from the chamber are developed. Axially extending tubes are used extensively in the disclosed embodiments of the invention for premixing gaseous or vaporized fuel with air in the supply means upstream of the combustion chamber. In addition to operation on natural gas and vaporized liquid fuels, the embodiments shown are adaptable to efficiently burn gasified coal fuels having heating values as low as 80 BTU per standard cubic foot (BTU/scf).

Abstract: A nozzle member for an automatic washing apparatus for containers which nozzles are capable of washing containers in a fast and efficient manner. The containers for which this particular nozzle is fabricated are of the semirigid type and are composed of a plastic material. They are elongated in configuration and are intended to contain sterile liquids. The nozzle is fabricated to enter the plastic container and thoroughly wash it with a mixture of detergent, water, and air. This is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 660,587 filed Feb. 23, 1976, now abandoned.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a spray gun particularly adapted for heavy duty use in applying a variety of fluids to the working surfaces of dies, molds, or other like forming apparatus. The spray gun comprises a main body housing adapted for the connection of compressed air and other fluid supply lines and having a single axially movable double action valve disposed therein which is adapted to selectively control both the flow of compressed air and other desired fluids. The double action valve is actuated by a lever arm connected to the body portion and engaging a portion of the valve member. A delivery tube is connected to the discharge end thereof for transmitting and directing the fluid or fluids to the surface to be sprayed.

Abstract: A sulfonation apparatus comprising a gas feeder for feeding a first stream of SO.sub.3 -containing gas and a second stream of inert gas into contact with an annular film of sulfonatable material.

Abstract: Gas burner which is constructed of a connecting part in which the gas is mixed with primary air and of an outflow part of sheet material, with a number of annularly arranged and radially directed slits folded into a star-shaped configuration in which the height H of the star-shaped folds is a multiple of the radial dimension R of these folds, while the cross sectional area of each slit is larger near the circumference of the ring than in the center.

Abstract: A device is provided for moistening the plate cylinders of offset printing machines. The device includes an inner rotatable sleeve having an air passage extending therethrough. Angularly extending passages are provided in the inner sleeve. The inner sleeve is rotatable within an outer fixed cylinder having spaced apertures all directed in the same direction. A film of water flows over the fixed cylinder. As the inner sleeve rotates air is forced through the inclined passage to force the water against a focus upon a diffuser which breaks the water up into a fine spray which is deposited upon the surface of a water cylinder so that the water is deposited from end to end thereof so that the plate is provided with a film of water throughout its length.

Abstract: Novel nozzle designs useful for forming atomized sprays of fine liquid droplets in a continuous gas phase or fine gas bubbles in a continuous liquid phase, for a variety of purposes, are described. In one embodiment, the nozzle comprises a multiple number of orifices communicating with a single source of both liquid and gas, usually air, to spray in different directions away from the nozzle. In another embodiment, both gas and liquid feeds to the nozzle are effected at the same end, opposite to a single spray orifice or a multiple number of spray orifices. Also described are a plurality of designs for replaceable orifices.