Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel injection device for internal combustion engines and to a method for fuel injection. The invention is directed to an injection nozzle system that while having high intrinsic safety of an injection pump, in the case of electrically controlled pumps, assures fast element filling and simultaneously effective cooling of the injection nozzle as well. According to the invention, an additional final control element is provided between the pump work chamber and the pressure chamber of the injection nozzle and dependent upon the pressure in the pump work chamber the position of the final control element controls a direct fuel delivery path into the pump work chamber.

Abstract: The fuel injector includes an injection pump element with electromagnetically actuated control valve body supported therein for the control of the beginning of delivery and the quantity delivered. The injection pump element and the control valve are individually replaceable and the control valve body seats without recoil. A control valve (2), which is arranged with clearance in a stepped hole (19) in a plunger bushing (5) is supported in sealing elements (20). The freedom from recoil is achieved by adaptation of a minimum clearance (46) between an anchor plate (30) and an electromagnetic adjusting device (7), the anchor plate (30) being situated in a liquid-filled damping space (33) and the minimum clearance (46) being optimized as a function of the mass of the moving parts of the control valve (2), the spring stiffness of the control valve seat (25), the geometry of an anchor plate (30) and the viscosity of the fuel in the service temperature range.

Abstract: An electromagnetic valve includes a tubular valve member fitted on a cylindrical guide member for sliding movement therealong. The guide member has an axial introduction passage leading to a valve seat of the valve member via a communication passage. When the valve member is disengaged from the valve seat, a high-pressure fluid in the introduction passage is spilled into a low pressure chamber provided around the guide member. The electromagnetic valve is incorporated in a unit fuel injector so as to control the spilling of the fuel pressurized by a pump mechanism. In the unit fuel injector, the pump mechanism, the electromagnetic valve and an injection nozzle mechanism are mounted on a linearly-extending body and disposed on the axis of said body. A plunger of the pump mechanism and a nozzle of the injection nozzle mechanism extend along the axis of the body. The electromagnetic valve is disposed between the pump mechanism and the injection nozzle mechanism.

Abstract: A unit injector for staged injection of fuel in an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The unit injector comprises a fuel pump and a spray nozzle combined in a single unit adapted to be mounted on the engine with the fuel pump adapted to be driven by a mechanism provided on the engine. The fuel pump of the unit injector includes a pair of cooperating plungers defining first and second fuel compression chambers for producing a plurality of discrete fuel injections during a single cycle of the internal combustion engine and with a single stroke of the driven plunger of the fuel pump.

Abstract: A fuel injector includes a pressure chamber and/or a damper chamber to damp the movement of a plunger and a piston after fuel injection has ended. A fuel bypass communicates with the pressure chamber or damper chamber to prevent fuel pressure within the chamber from rising as a consequence of the damping action. The bypass prevents the pressure in the chamber from increasing to the point where the movement of the plunger would be reversed and pressurized fuel would once again be supplied to the nozzle causing secondary injection. The damper chamber and bypass thus serve to prevent bumping between the plunger and the surrounding cylinder and also to prevent secondary injection.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle includes a fuel pressure actuated valve member which is biased into contact with a seating by resilient means. The nozzle also includes a spill valve member having a head which is biased into contact with a seating by the resilient means. The head of the spill valve is lifted from the seating by the application of fuel under pressure to a piston portion of the spill valve member. When the head of the spill valve is lifted from the seating fuel is spilled from the nozzle inlet to a drain.

Abstract: A pump nozzle for a diesel engine, in which an injection pump element including a pump piston driven by a cam-shaft and a bushing is combined with an injection nozzle to a unit provide be associated with a motor cylinder. The pump piston is surrounded by an axially shiftable control sleeve controlling the begin of fuel injection in dependence on its axial position. A regulating member is guided on the pump element body for rotation relative to the control sleeve in dependence on an operating parameter of the motor. The control sleeve or the regulating member has a race which has, as seen in a top plan view, a circular shape and including with a normal plane extending in normal relation to the pump piston at least partially a pitch angle. A guide element which is rigidly connected with the respective other part (i.e. the regulating member or the control sleeve cooperates with this race.

Abstract: In an apparatus for generating pre-injection quantities in unit fuel injectors for Diesel engines, including a pre-injection slide that generates a pronounced pressure intensification for a pre-injection in a pressure chamber closed off with respect to the high-pressure side and opens towards the injection line is slidably supported in a guide bore. The pre-injection slide is exposed to the injection pressure of an element chamber in such a way that after the execution of a partial stroke, which is responsible for the pre-injection quantity, upon further movement the pre-injection pressure chamber is opened toward the element chamber and thereby relieved, and by the ensuing movement of the pre-injection slide until the end of the stroke, a pre-determinable capacity that enables an injection pause is formed.

Abstract: A fuel injector (10) is provided for each cylinder of an internal combustion engine, the injector including an electronically operated control valve (146) disposed between supply passage 42 and a timing chamber (98) to control the admission of fuel into and out of the timing chamber. A primary pumping plunger (62) and a secondary plunger (90) are axially spaced within the central bore of the injection body, and a normally closed injection nozzle (14) is situated at one end of the injector body. A mechanical linkage (27, 28, 30) associated with the camshaft of the engine drives the primary pumping plunger (62) against the bias of a main spring (18). The timing chamber (98) is defined between the plungers (62, 90) and a metering chamber (128) is defined between the secondary plunger (90) and the nozzle (14).

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle of the present invention has an accumulating chamber in a body in which high pressure fuel fed from the fuel injection pump is stored using a non-return valve. A needle valve is arranged in the body to inject the fuel in the accumulating chamber. A nozzle needle of the needle valve and a valve member are arranged coaxially and in series with each other. Those end portions of the nozzle needle and valve member which are adjacent to each other are slidably and liquid-sealingly fitted together to define a damping chamber between the valve member and the nozzle needle. Further, a damping plunger is coaxially fitted into the valve member. A passage which connects the damping chamber with the side of the fuel injection pump is coaxially formed in the damping plunger and has a reduced area.

Abstract: In a combination which includes a fuel injection unit and a cylinder of a diesel engine provided with a cover, and formed with a fuel bore communicating with a suction chamber, a piston is reciprocally moving within the cylinder, and is provided with a slanted front and rear control edge for regulating the quantity of fuel. The cylinder and piston define piston- and cylinder-surfaces separated from each other by a very small clearance, and are movable relative to each other; an injection nozzle includes a spring-loaded needle, a common casing houses the piston and the cylinder, a securing flange is disposed between the fuel bore and an end of the cylinder facing the cover, a tensioning device stresses the securing flange against the cover, and the piston, during its stroke, passes over the fuel bore.

Abstract: An electromagnetic unit fuel injector, of the type having a pump including a pump cylinder and an externally actuated plunger and having a solenoid actuated, control valve for normally controlling the spill, inject, spill cycle during a pump stroke of the plunger, has a mechanical spill arrangement associated with the plunger and cylinder to assist in the spill flow of fuel above a predetermined high speed engine operating condition.

Abstract: An injection unit which is associated with a cylinder of a multicylinder diesel engine and comprises an injection nozzle and an injection piston pump which is disposed in a common housing and is driveable by a cam shaft. Said pump comprises a rotatable pump piston which is displaceable in a pump cylinder and has two control edges disposed axially spaced from each other for at least one fuel passage of the pump cylinder. To obtain the desired injection accuracy by accurately observing only a few dimensions during the production and without further tests, measuring and adjusting operations, the pump piston (3) and the pump cylinder (14) each comprise at least one stop face (24, 25) extending transversely preferably normal to the pump longitudinal axis. Said faces cooperate in the basic position of the pump piston (3) assumed in the installation of the unit in the engine directly or indirectly with simultaneous rotational position fixing of the pump piston (3).

Abstract: A fuel injection unit for each cylinder of a diesel engine includes a housing which accommodates a piston pump and an injection nozzle. The piston pump includes a cylinder liner in which a piston runs and controls a flow passage radially extending in the cylinder liner. The flow passage communicates with a supply space which is provided between the housing and the cylinder liner and is divided in vicinity of the flow passage by a baffle sleeve. The so formed two chambers are connected to separate inlet and outlet lines, i.e. that one chamber is connected to the inlet line while the other chamber communicates with the outlet line.

Abstract: A unit fuel injector for internal combustion engines having a fuel injecting pump portion and a fuel injection valve portion which are assembled as a unit in a single injector body (6). The injector body (6) has an upper section into which a check valve (9), barrel (5), plunger (3), and so forth are inserted from the upper side of the injector body. The check valve, barrel, plunger and so forth are secured by means of a barrel holder (7) screwed into the upper section of the injector body. Also a nozzle spring (13), nozzle body (19), nozzle valve (18) and so forth are assembled and placed within from the lower side of the injector body. The nozzle spring, nozzle body, nozzle valve and so forth are fixed by a nozzle nut (20) screwed to the lower section. This arrangement permits the diameter of the unit fuel injector to be reduced to facilitate the mounting in the limited space on a cylinder head of the engine.

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus for an internal combustion engine having engine cylinders includes a fuel tank, fuel supply pumps and fuel injection units. Each fuel injection unit comprises a cylinder, a plunger reciprocable in the cylinder by the engine, pump chamber defined between the cylinder and the plunger and receiving fuel from the fuel supply pump, an injection nozzle communicating with the pump chamber and a timing port formed in the cylinder. The fuel injection apparatus further includes a timing passage connecting the timing port with the fuel tank and a control valve. The control valve comprises a control chamber, a control valve body movable between the open and closed positions in the control chamber for controlling fuel injection, a spring urging the control valve body towards the closed position and a timing chamber formed adjacent the control chamber in the fuel injection unit for receiving fuel to move the control valve body towards the closed position.

Abstract: A modular unit fluid pump-injector for pumping and injecting fuel into an engine combustion chamber is disclosed and includes a first retainer (68) for sealably and removably retaining the pump cylinder (32) against the housing (18) and a second retainer (148) for sealably and removably retaining an encapsulated injector assembly (28) against the first retainer (68).Unlike conventional unit fluid pump-injectors which have a single elongated sleeve-type nut enclosing and clamping a stacked plurality of both pump and injector components, the modular design is less prone to excessive fuel leakage and the plunger binding during assembly. The modular design also facilities easy assembly or removal of the encapsulated injector assembly (28) to or from the first retainer (68) without altering the position or arrangement of the pump elements (32,34) relative to the first retainer (68).

Abstract: An injector including a self-actuating three-way valve lodged in a passage between the fuel injector supply inlet and a control valve. The three-way valve permits fuel to flow from supply through to the control valve during a metering mode of operation while prohibiting fuel to be dumped to the supply line during the pre-injection timing phase of operation.

Abstract: A pump injector sends a premetered quantity of fuel to a needle type injector of the type including a piston and a discharge chamber. The injector includes a compression piston mechanically controlled by cam or eccentric having any form. The compression piston compresses fuel within a compression chamber. An injection piston is activated exclusively by the pressure within the compression chamber, opposed by an opposing return spring. The injection piston in turn compresses the fuel in an injection chamber designed to feed the injector. A pressure regulator limits the pressure in the compression chamber to a high, preset value independent of the speed and load of the engine.

Abstract: A unit injector having a mechanically driven piston and a remotely situated metering piston situated in a bore. The interplunger volume defining a timing chamber and the volume below the metering piston defining a metering chamber. The injector further including a single electrically responsive valve for controlling the functions of injection timing and fuel metering and a single dump port fabricated in the walls of the bore for relieving the fuel pressure on the timing chamber which correspondingly permits the pressure of fuel in the metering chamber to be decreased.

Abstract: A fuel injector is provided for each cylinder of an internal combustion engine, the injector including an electronically operated control valve disposed between supply passage and a timing chamber to control the admission of fuel into and out of the timing chamber. A primary pumping piston and a secondary floating piston are axially spaced within the central bore of the injection body, and a normally closed injection nozzle is situated at one end of the injector body. A mechanical linkage associated with the camshaft of the engine drives the primary pumping piston against the bias of a main spring. The timing chamber is defined between the pistons and a metering chamber is defined between the secondary piston and the nozzle.

Abstract: A hydraulic advance device for selectively transmitting applied forces to a fuel injector of an internal combustion engine. The device is operative to select a normal or advanced timing of the fuel injection. An outer cylindrical body (66) is mounted in the upper end of a fuel injector adapter. An inner body (108) is slidably received in an outer body and a pressure responsive plunger (104) is slidably received in a bore formed in the inner body and defines in cooperation therewith a fluid chamber (128). A one-way valve (132) in the chamber permits fluid above a predetermined pressure applied during the advanced stage of the fuel injection cycle to enter the chamber which prevents movement of the plunger relative to the inner body member.

Abstract: A modular pump-nozzle unit for internal combustion engines, especially air-compressing, fuel-injected internal combustion engines, with precombustion chamber injection. The modular pump-nozzle unit includes a pump element having a pump piston and an injection nozzle. The pump element and the injection nozzle are in communication by way of a connecting duct. The pump element is arranged adjacent to the injection nozzle.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for a diesel engine having an injection and metering modes of operation for delivering fuel to an engine comprising a plurality of fuel injectors wherein each of said fuel injectors comprise a first port, a second port and a metering chamber for storing a premetered quantity of fuel, during the metering mode of operation, prior to the injection of said premetered quantity of fuel into the engine during the injection mode of operation.

Abstract: A fuel delivery system for a diesel engine for controlling the propogation of unwanted pressure waves including a fuel pump for sequentially delivering fuel from a fuel tank to a plurality of fuel injectors through a plurality of injection lines. The system further includes a drain line, one associated with each fuel injector, that is connected to a pressure source, wherein the impedance of each drain line is equal to the impedance of its corresponding injection line. Each drain line further includes a flow restriction having an impedance which bears a preselected relationship to but different from the impedance of its corresponding drain line and a valve, connected across the flow restriction for diverting flow around the flow restriction during intervals of time when fuel is flowing from the pressure source towards a particular one of the fuel injectors.

Abstract: A cam driven fuel injector comprising: a body defining a bore; a driven or pumping piston reciprocatively situated with the bore; a metering piston reciprocatively positioned within the bore remote from the pumping piston; and a metering chamber defined in the bore below the metering piston. A spring is situated within a cavity or spring cage remote from the bore and a nozzle extends into the spring cage in biasing engagement with the spring to urge it to a closed position during non-injecting periods. The injector further including means for dumping the fuel within the metering chamber to the supply through the spring cage in correspondence with the motion of the metering piston; and for stabilizing the pressure force exerted on the nozzle, during the dumping portion of operation, by the fuel within the spring cage with the pressure force exerted on the nozzle.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine, comprising cylinder which has a delivery plunger slidable therein, an injection plunger which is hydraulically actuated by the delivery plunger and which defines an injection pump chamber, a timing plunger which defines a timing pump chamber selectively connected to a drain and which is hydraulically actuated by the delivery plunger to control the connection of the timing pump chamber to the drain, a controllable electromagnetic control valve, balance timing orifice, non-return valve, fuel passage and metering groove feeding the fuel into the injection and timing pump chambers, and nozzle for injecting the fuel delivered by the injection pump chamber, the injection plunger and timing plunger being axially displaced by the fuel fed into the respective pump chambers, in directions opposite to the directions of the movement of the two plungers caused by the delivery plunger, through a stroke in proportion to the amount of the fed fuel.

Abstract: A fuel pump-injector unitary assembly comprises a plunger slidable in a bore and provided with a longitudinal passage-way, in combination with a metering ring surrounding the plunger and housed in an annular chamber of the injector body. The plunger is movable into a first or upper postion in which fuel is admitted into the lower part of the injector bore through an inlet port, and a second or lower position in which the tapered lower end of the plunger obturates fuel spray nozzles provided at the bottom of the bore. Fuel metering results from the cooperation of an inclined ramp of the ring with a fuel discharge duct transversely extending through the plunger and connected with the longitudinal passage-way thereof. Relative rotation of the metering ring and of the plunger permits adjustment of the injected fuel charge.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a fuel injector for an internal combustion engine. The injector comprises an injector body forming a plunger bore, and a plunger reciprocably mounted in the bore. The plunger reciprocates between a retracted position and a forward position, and a fuel receiving or metering chamber is formed at the forward end of the bore when the plunger is in the retracted position. A fuel supply passage is formed in the body and conducts fuel to the chamber when the plunger is in the retracted position. When the plunger is moved forwardly in an injection stroke, it ejects the fuel from the chamber through spray holes formed in the body. The injector further includes means for selectively opening or closing the supply passage when the injector plunger is in the retracted position. Such means includes a land formed on the plunger adjacent the supply passage, a groove formed in the land, and means for rotating the plunger between two angular positions.

Abstract: A fuel injector (10) is provided for each cylinder of an internal combustion engine, the injector including an electronically operated control valve (146) disposed between supply passage 42 and a timing chamber (98) to control the admission of fuel into and out of the timing chamber. A primary pumping plunger (62) and a secondary plunger (90) are axially spaced within the central bore of the injection body, and a normally closed injection nozzle (14) is situated at one end of the injector body. A mechanical linkage (27, 28, 30) associated with the camshaft of the engine drives the primary pumping plunger (62) against the bias of a main spring (18). The timing chamber (98) is defined between the plungers (62, 90) and a metering chamber (128) is defined between the secondary plunger (90) and the nozzle (14).

Abstract: A hydraulically driven piston pump and nozzle assembly for a high pressure fuel injection system is proposed, in particular one for Diesel engines, which has an assembly for raising the closing pressure for the purpose of accomplishing a rapid valve needle closing at the injection nozzle. The assembly substantially comprises a closing pressure chamber disposed in the region of the valve needle end remote from the valve seat, which chamber communicates via an overflow channel with an auxiliary pump chamber of an auxiliary pump piston which is driven together with the pump piston. At the termination of fuel delivery, fuel under increased pressure is conducted from the auxiliary pump chamber into the closing pressure chamber, from when this pressure is exerted, at least indirectly, upon the valve needle to cause an accelerated valve needle closing.

Abstract: A fuel injector (10) is provided for each cylinder of an internal combustion engine, the injector including an electronically operated control valve (146) disposed between supply passage (42) and a timing chamber (98) to control the admission of fuel into and out of the timing chamber. A primary pumping plunger (62) and a secondary plunger (90) are axially spaced within the central bore of the injection body, and a normally closed injection nozzle (14) is situated at one end of the injector body. A mechanical linkage (27, 28, 30) associated with the camshaft of the engine drives the primary pumping plunger (62) against the bias of a main spring (18). The timing chamber (98) is defined between the plungers (62, 90) and a metering chamber (128) is defined between the secondary plunger (90) and the nozzle (14).

Abstract: An injection device having at least one injection nozzle arrangement for intermittent discharge of a prescribed quantity of fuel. The nozzle arrangement is actuatable in response to an increased fuel pressure in the nozzle arrangement, and has an inlet communicating with the nozzle arrangement for supplying fuel. An outlet communicates with the nozzle arrangement for partial return of the fuel to provide a flow of fuel through the nozzle arrangement and thus uniflow scavenging and cooling of the injection device. The flow of fuel is limited between the inlet and outlet at least temporarily to allow an increase in fuel pressure required to actuate the nozzle arrangement.

Abstract: The unit fuel injector disclosed is directly mountable on cylinder heads in an internal combustion compression ignited engine. The device includes a housing with a spring-biased cam operated reciprocating piston mounted therein. The ported piston has a constant length stroke in the two embodiments disclosed. The quantity of fuel injected on each constant length stroke is determined by a movable ported sleeve member in which the piston reciprocates. Fuel is supplied to the unit fuel injector through appropriate porting in the cylinder head in a conventional manner.

Abstract: An improved nozzle apparatus rapidly convertible, while operating, between spray and foam forming modes of operation. An elongate rigid generally cylindrical first conduit member receives surfactant bearing solution at an inlet port thereof and directs the solution under pressure to a spray forming nozzle connected at an outlet port of the first conduit. A second elongate conduit member coaxially slidably overlies the first conduit member and is movable relative thereto between extended and retracted positions. When in its retracted position, the second conduit member exposes the spray-forming nozzle, which is then enabled to direct a spray pattern of the solution longitudinally outward from the apparatus. When in its extended position, the second conduit member encompasses the spray-forming nozzle, and aspirates the spray therefrom with air to form foam which is ejected longitudinally outward from the second conduit member.