Abstract: This invention provides a mounting method for abrasive grinding wheels in disc or attrition mills operated at high speeds. Stone grinding discs are placed under a compressive load at mounting sufficient to counter tension loads during use. The compression loading is preferably provided by taper elements incorporating the wheel itself or by elements other than the wheel, such as fluid actuated clamps and elements external to the wheel that induce compression.

Abstract: The grinding discs of a refiner driven by an electric motor carry on the end faces facing each other material-grinding barriers or cutters which are arranged in groups in sectors and extend parallel to each other. To reduce the torsional excitation of the rotor shaft of the electric motor occurring during the operation of the refiner as far as possible, the sectors have irregular pitch or different sector angles along the circumference of the grinding discs.

Abstract: Chipper apparatus including a rotating disc with one or more knives mounted on the disc operable to produce wood chips under the cutting action of the knives. Each knife comprises an elongate knife body bounded by opposed cutting edges. The knife includes a back side formed by back knife surfaces extending inwardly on the knife from its cutting edges and the back knife surfaces meeting with a bearing surface. The front side of the knife includes front knife surfaces extending inwardly on the knife from its cutting edges joining with an elongate key-receiving channel indented inwardly into the knife body. A knife is mounted on a rotatable chipper disc through a clamp member which bears against the bearing surface of a knife and a counter-knife which supports the front side of the knife and which includes an elongate key portion fitting within the key-receiving channel of the knife.

Abstract: A three-edged tool (12) for a woodworking machine. The edges (18,19,20) of the tool are arranged with equal angular spacing about a tool body and protrude therefrom. In the surfaces (24,25,26) between the edges are recesses (27,28,29) so shaped as to retain the tool by mating engagement with a correspondingly shaped protrusion (30) provided on a tool carrier (10), and to act as a kerf in order to guide a break in case of overload of an edge (18) to the area between two recesses (27,28). Fastening means for the tool include a support part (14) provided on the tool carrier and a clamping part (15). The support part (14) carries the protrusion (30), which is shaped to engage in a recess (28) of the tool, and has a support surface (14') for supporting a clearance surface of an edge (19) which is inactive when the tool is mounted on the tool carrier. The clamping part (15) has a clamping surface (22) which is adapted to press against the clearance surface of the second inactive edge (20) of the tool.

Abstract: The specification describes a stump chipping disintegrator wherein stumps are received in a trough having a rotatable chipping disc at one end and a powered ram plate at the other, the ram plate having diagonally extending penetrators. A stump stabilizer anvil adjacent the disc projects radially inwardly of the trough. The disc has steel, wood slicing blades at the radially inner portion thereof, mounted at a small acute angle to the face of the disc toward the direction of rotation, and carbide chopping blades at the radially outer portion thereof, mounted at a large acute angle to the face of the disc toward the direction of rotation. At least the carbide blades are mounted in special holders removable from the disc. The carbide blades have backup wedge elements that extend substantially the width of the blade at its outer end and extend substantilly to the radial outer edge of the blade.

Abstract: A device for use in choppers with a rotating chopper disk (10, 10a) having one or more knives attached to knife holders disposed radially on the chopper disk, which knife holders consist of a filler piece (18, 18a) fitting into a recess (14, 14a) in the chopper disk (10, 10a). The filler piece incorporates a mounting either for a knife (30a) shaped to fit the mounting, or for a knife holder cassette (26, 28) for the knife (30). The knife (30a) or the cassette (26, 28) are attached by means of fasteners (32, 48), such as screws or bolts, inserted from the top side of the chopper disk.

Abstract: A pulp refining element of the flat disk type includes a plate with an array of rectangular slots formed therein. The refining bars have tongues extending from the bottom of the bars which are received by the slots in mating engagement. The slots are arranged to align the bars in a localized pattern which is repeated about the circumference of the plate. The bars are secured onto the plate by a tack weld between the tongues and the underside of the plate.

Abstract: A refining disc assembly for wood pulp or the like, particularly including a rotor disc and an intermediate disc of a coaxial assembly of three refining discs, comprises a hub having two or more radial peripheral fins, interconnected by an outer ring having spaced perforations for attachment thereto of a refining disc. The refining disc is formed of a carbon-steel, iron or stainless-steel frame and comprises two concentric rings, interconnected by radial rods. The internal ring contains perforations matching those of the hub. The refining disc receives on both faces thereof, a plurality of trapezoidal stainless-steel plates, attached thereto by welding, and with intermediate gaps which are filled with weld beads, the internal and external contours thereof being machined on a lathe, after which both faces of the so-obtained disc receive refining blades, attached by welding.

Abstract: A refiner comprising a disc-shaped carrier (11,12,31,32) provided with refiner segments (20,21,41,42) in a ring extending all about. The refiner segments are retained on the carrier by cams (22) and grooves (23) which keyingly engage with each other. Each refiner segment (20,21,41,42) further is locked individually on the carrier (11,12,31,32) by means of a separate movable locking member (24), which is located in the carrier and co-operates with a recess (25,47,52) in the rear surface of the refiner segment.

Abstract: A pulverizer, i.e., grinding, roll (18) of the type that is particularly suited for embodiment in a bowl mill (10) wherein the roll (18) coacts with another surface (14) within the mill (10) to effect the pulverization therewithin of a material such as coal. The subject roll (18) embodies a trimetal form of construction. More specifically, the core material, i.e., the first or inner layer (50), of the trimetal roll (18) consists of a relatively soft material that is noted for its good machinability. The next, i.e., second or intermediate, layer (52) of the trimetal roll (18) comprises a material that has medium wear-resistant qualities. The last, i.e., third or outer, layer (54) of the trimetal roll (18) comprises a material having higly abrasive resistant qualities. In addition, there is provided a method of manufacturing such a trimetal roll (18).

Abstract: A cutter wheel for a brush chipper or the like has a support plate generally centered on, extending perpendicular to, and rotatable in a predetermined rotational sense about a central support axis. This plate is formed with a plurality of slots angularly equispaced about and radially equispaced from the support axis and with a plurality of screw holes each trailing a respective slot relative to the rotational sense. A plurality of blades each have an annular outer periphery formed as a succession of cutting edges. The outer peripheries of the blades are centered on respective blade axes and each blade has at the respective blade axis a throughgoing attachment hole. Respective attachment screws engage through the attachment holes with the screw holes, with one of the cutting edges directed forwardly in the rotational sense of the support plate. Thus with this system a new cutting edge can be brought up simply by loosening the respective screw and rotating the blade, then tightening the screw.

Abstract: A grinding disc for a disc refiner is disclosed. The grinding disc is comprised of a plurality of packs of strips. Each pack of strips is comprised of a plurality of parallel grinding strips which alternate with intermediate strips. The rear-to-front grinding surface height of the grinding strips is greater than that of the intermediate strips. Annular supporting rings define the radially inward and outward ends of the grinding strips. The grinding strips extend generally radially of the grinding disc. In an alternate embodiment, the intermediate strips are of meandering shape, whereby one intermediate strip extends between pluralities of adjacent grinding strips. The grinding and intermediate strips of a pack thereof are welded together and are welded to the supporting rings. An additional ring may be positioned to the rear of the strips intermediate the radially inward and outward ends thereof.

Abstract: An improvement in refiner discs for mechanical pulping of wood and other material is disclosed which increases wood pulp production. The improvement has at least one refiner plate set mounted on a disc to form a pair of opposing refiner plate sets. The one refiner plate set has a series of hard spots placed at different radial distances on the surface. In one process of manufacturing the plate set, a series of locations are hardened, preferably by spot welding or spot hardening on at least one raised portion of the plate set.

Abstract: An apparatus for comminuting a substance which comprises a rotatable disc having a disintegrating surface and a base surface proximate to and facing the disintegrating surface. The apparatus has a means for rotating the disc and for feeding particles of the substance between the disintegrating surface and base surface. At least one of the disintegrating surface and base surface comprise an abrasive and at least one of the base surface and disintegrating surface comprise breaker bars. The invention also includes a novel disc for use in a disc refiner having an abrasive disintegrating surface and a novel comminuting plate for use as part of such a disc. The apparatus also desirably comprises a means for elevating the temperature of the substance being comminuted and desirably comprises a means for pressurizing the environment surrounding the substance being comminuted especially when the substance is wet wood chips and the desired product is fiberized wood pulp.

Abstract: A rotary grinding disc in an apparatus for refining fibrous pulp material, comprising a plurality of arcuate grinding plate segments disposed annularly about the disc and supported thereon by means of wedge-shaped tongues projecting from the segment plates and dovetailed into grooves of corresponding profile in the disc, the wedge-shaped tongues and dovetail grooves decreasing in width from an outer radial portion toward an inner radial portion, or vice versa, for wedging the plate segment into the disc. The plate segments may be additionally secured against disc placement by the effect of the centrifugal force during rotation of the disc by means of a peripheral ring surrounding the disc and engaging the wedged tongues.

Abstract: A refiner disk comprises a base supporting a combined metal-ceramic refining plate secured thereto and formed by a plurality of metallic sectors and ceramic-based abrasive sectors, said sectors being arranged alternately. The proposed disk produces improved pulped fibre products with less expenditure of energy.

Abstract: A rotary grinding disc in an apparatus for refining fibrous pulp material, comprising a plurality of arcuate grinding plate segments disposed annularly about the disc and supported thereon by means of wedge-shaped tongues projecting from the segment plates and dovetailed into grooves of corresponding profile in the disc, the wedge-shaped tongues and dovetail grooves decreasing in width from an outer radial portion toward an inner radial portion, or vice versa, for wedging the plate segment into the disc. The plate segments may be additionally secured against displacement by the effect of the centrifugal force during rotation of the disc by means of a peripheral ring surrounding the disc and engaging the wedged tongues.

Abstract: A blade for a cutter for a wood reducing machine, said blade being of a star like three-horn cross-sectional shape, whereby the tips of the horns form cutting edges each comprising two plane blade surfaces. Each two blade surfaces and the plane connecting surface positioned between said two blade surfaces form a Z-shaped broken line in the cross section of the blade. This shape of the blade provides for an easy fastening of the blade in a fastening socket by means of one of the horns of said blade.

Abstract: A sand muller reconditioning method and structure in which the bottom of the sand muller's vessel is reestablished into a generally planar or flat attitude after prolonged use of the muller has resulted in a wide groove-like circular wear path in that bottom beneath the sand muller's plow. The method and structure includes defining an inner circumferential seat, and an outer circumferential seat, in the vessel's bottom, those seats being disposed inside of and outside of, respectively, the circular wear path previously formed in the bottom. A wear plate comprised of multiple arcuate sections is then sized to fit in the inner and outer seats for eliminating the circular wear path, the wear plate being fixed to the vessel's bottom by bolts cooperating with tapped bores in the bottom.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing pulp from lignocellulose-containing material in which the material is ground into grist in a grinding space defined between a rotating disc and a stationary disc mounted within a pressurized housing. Each disc comprises a series of annularly disposed arched segments having a plurality of radially extending bars and interconnecting transverse ribs defining a plurality of radially arranged pockets which in their radial cross sections have a curved contour. The pockets on one of the discs are offset radially from the pockets on the other disc, to allow the grist in the rotating pockets to be axially deflected by the centrifugal force created by the rotation and collected in an opposing offset pocket on the other disc. During the rotation of the disc, successive charges of grist deflected by the rotating pockets will force the grist previously collected in the stationary pockets to slide along the curved contour and be tilted or dumped into the corresponding offset rotating pocket.

Abstract: The method of making a comminutor plate, particularly for pulp refining machines, includes the steps of arranging at least two separate annular support members concentrically and with radial spacing from each other, a set of elongated strip-shaped blades is arranged and welded in a predetermined relative distribution on the support members. A flowable solidifiable material is introduced in the spacing between the support members. The material is permitted to solidify to thus bind the support members to each other in the radial space therebetween.

Abstract: A disk type wood chipper having cutter knives disposed non-radially on a chipper disk to cut a slab of wood from a log and having guide means with ridges over which such slab is caused to slide so that the slab disintegrates into wood chips of substantially uniform size.

Abstract: An improved pulp refining disk comprises an annular plate having openings formed in it. Arrays of closely spaced parallel upstanding fins which function as refining surfaces are secured to the plate in the openings so that the grooves between the fins are unobstructed following which the openings are filled with resin. Upstanding pins are positioned in the grooves at the periphery of the disk to constrict the pulp fibers. A set of tabs project radially inward from the plate contain bolt passages for securing the disk to the refiner. Provision is made for securing a second similar disk to the opposite face of the plate, the securement being by means of bolts extending through holes in the first plate and turned down into threaded holes in the second plate. Alternatively, the two plates can be bevelled at their adjacent peripheral edges to form a groove and joined by solder or brazing in the groove.

Abstract: Machinery for reducing forest products to wood chips wherein a bed conveyor, a powered roll mounted for vertical movement above the bed conveyor, and powered, generally vertical side roll means downstream of the generally horizontal roll, feed a tree or log to a chipper disc. The chipper disc has at least one opening, and a knife positioned at the opening to cut products conveyed to the disc into chips and propel them through the opening with rotation of the disc assembly. The machine includes improvements which are more specifically set forth in the following material.

Abstract: A rotary cutting apparatus having cutters or knife devices which are provided with angularly disposed contact surfaces and which devices are mounted with the contact surfaces in cooperative engagement with angularly disposed supporting or clamping surfaces of opposed knife support members.

Abstract: A refiner head assembly of the type suitable for use in disk refiners, such as those employed in paper pulp processing. The assembly includes a backing head and a refining disk. The disk mounts reversibly between a pair of radially spaced, circumferentially extending flanges upstanding from one face of the head using, for example, a beveled tongue and groove arrangement. The disk has both of its opposed side faces equipped with working surfaces adapted for disk refining. Thus, since the disk is reversible, one can use such a disk for twice as long a duty life as a disk with but one side face equipped with a working surface.

Abstract: The bar and channel pattern of a disc refiner plate follows the curve of a continuous circular arc from the stock distribution ring groove to the outer plate periphery. Each channel is of constant sectional flow area to provide uniform flow area into and out of the refiner section.

Abstract: A disk segment for use in a pulp refiner whereby a first portion of a side edge of the disk is offset relative to a second portion of the same side edge. The cooperating adjacent segment has substantially mating offset edges which cooperate with the adjacent segment in an overlapping and spaced apart relation.

Abstract: Grinding disk for disk mills, including a plurality of annular rings of cutting tools, wherein each ring of cutting tools is formed of a plurality of annularly spaced apart, generally radially oriented saw teeth sets, with the sets of teeth of radially adjacent annular rings being generally annularly offset.

Abstract: The tool holder is provided with a setbolt having a T-shaped cross section head including a rectangular end plate which fits into a T-shaped cross section slot in the associated tool providing ease of tool assembly and disassembly for servicing and sharpening. The tool holder and the tool are similarly shaped to provide a smooth exterior surface for the assembly which does not have cavities and pockets causing troublesome accumulations of chips and splinters.

Abstract: A high viscosity material mixer-refiner having a cylindrical stator shell and rotor has improved refining surfaces on the rotor and stator. These are formed of interchangeable blocks held in place on the rotor and the stator with the blocks having teeth oriented in different aspects to the relative motion between the rotor and the stator. The teeth are preferably raised bars with orientations for advancing or retarding material. The blocks are arranged in desired patterns to accomplish optimum mixing and refining.