Abstract: An optical connector includes a circuit board. The circuit board includes a substrate and a circuit unit. A photoelectric element and a driver chip are located on the substrate. The photoelectric element includes a conductive pin and a metallic layer. The conductive pin is formed on a surface of the photoelectric element away from the circuit board, and the metallic layer is formed on another surface of the photoelectric element facing the circuit board. The conductive pin and the metallic layer serve as terminals of the photoelectric element. The driver chip is electrically connected to the photoelectric element by the circuit unit.

Abstract: A photoreception device includes: a substrate; a photoreceptor element including a photoreceptor portion upon an upper surface thereof and a lower surface thereof is mounted upon the substrate; and an insulating resin mass that contains a flat upper surface and an opening that exposes the photoreceptor portion of the photoreceptor element, that is formed upon the substrate to be thicker than thickness of the photoreceptor element, and that adheres closely against side surfaces of the photoreceptor element, the side surfaces surrounding the photoreceptor element. The insulating resin mass contains a step portion that is provided to a height between the flat upper surface thereof and the upper surface of the photoreceptor portion; and the step portion extends parallel to at least one pair of mutually opposed side surfaces of the photoreceptor element, at a periphery of the opening.

Abstract: A device converts a random stream of voltage pulses into a regulated stream of digital data. The device includes a stream regulation device and an analog-digital converter at the output of the stream regulation device. The converter undertakes an analog-digital conversion at a conversion frequency. The stream regulation device includes a buffer memory of capacity K, where K is an integer and K?1, in which the voltage signal for each received pulse is stored. Reading of the buffer memory is regulated at the conversion frequency.

Abstract: The present application provides a system (1) that comprises a mobile phone (25) to allow testing of samples from a patient at the point of care or environmental/industrial process monitoring tests to be performed in the field. The system (1) may be easily adapted for use with a variety of different mobile phones (25). The mobile phone (25) comprises an integrated camera (15). The system (1) further comprises an optical module (20) for receiving a sample for testing. The mobile phone (25) is configured to extract the intensity and/or colour information from the camera (15).

Abstract: A detector (110) for determining a position of at least one object (112) is proposed.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for implementing a high voltage variable resistor. In one aspect, an optical transconductance variable resistor includes a photoconductive wide bandgap semiconductor material (PWBSM) substrate, whose conduction response to changes in amplitude of incident radiation that is substantially linear throughout a non-saturation region thereof, whereby the material is operable in non-avalanche mode as a variable resistor, and first and second electrodes in contact with the material so that: a first triple junction boundary region is formed between the PWBSM substrate and the first electrode, and a second triple junction boundary region is formed between the PWBSM substrate and the second electrode, and the PWBSM substrate is located within an internal triple junction region formed between the first and second triple junction boundary regions.

Abstract: An avalanche photo diode detector including an avalanche photo diode, an adjustable voltage source, a current mirror coupled to the voltage source output of the adjustable voltage source and having a current measurement output, and a processor coupled to the adjustable voltage source and the current mirror. The processor implements a process of obtaining a signal current measurement from the current mirror, computing an estimate of an input optical power level from the signal current measurement and adjusting the output of the adjustable voltage source based upon on the estimate of the input optical power level.

Abstract: A monitoring system for a multi-laser module includes detectors corresponding to each laser and situated to receive a portion of the associated laser beam uncombined with other beams. Laser characteristics are measured and stored, and in operation are used to identify device failures. A comparator receives a reference value and compares the reference value with a current operational value. If the current value is less that the reference value, a possible failure is indicated. Signal cross-coupling among the detectors is also used to identify undesirable scattering that can be associated with surface contamination or device failure.

Abstract: A detecting device includes an actuating unit for driving a transparent material, a light source for emitting light to the transparent material driven by the actuating unit, a light sensor for sensing the light emitted from the light source as an edge of the transparent material is moved to different positions relative to the light source so as to generate a corresponding optical intensity signal, a transforming circuit coupled to the light sensor for transforming the optical intensity signal into a transforming signal, and a processing unit coupled to the transforming circuit for determining whether the edge of the transparent material is moved to a position between the light source and the light sensor according to the transforming signal transmitted from the transforming circuit. And methods and systems for same.

Abstract: A device having a sensor die with a sensor and a control circuit die with at least one control circuit disposed therein, the control circuit die on the sensor die. A plurality of mounting pads is disposed on a second side of the sensor die. A first electrical connection connects a first one of the plurality of mounting pads to a first control circuit of the at least one sensor control circuit and a second electrical connection connects the first control circuit to the sensor. A third electrical connection connects the sensor to a second control circuit of the at least one control circuit and a fourth electrical connection connects the second control circuit to second one of the plurality of mounting pads.

Abstract: An optical biosensor is provided. The optical biosensor includes a biosensing unit, a detection unit, and a feedback circuit. The biosensing unit is configured to receive an input optical signal, sense a biomaterial, and generate a sensed optical signal. The detecting unit is configured to convert the sensed optical signal into an electrical signal and output the electrical signal as a detection signal. The feedback circuit is configured to output a feedback signal. The feedback signal is generated based on the detection signal and is changed according to a changed amount of a resonant wavelength of the biosensing unit.

Abstract: A pixel of an image sensor includes a color filter configured to pass visible wavelengths, and an infrared cut-off filter disposed on the color filter configured to cut off infrared wavelengths.

Abstract: A pixel element for an image sensor comprises a semiconductor substrate; a radiation-sensitive element configured to generate electric charges in response to incident radiation, and provided with a charge accumulation region configured to accumulate at least a portion of said electric charges; a passive potential barrier region; and a capacitive element operably connected to the charge-accumulation region of the radiation-sensitive element via the passive potential barrier region, the passive potential barrier region being configured to conduct charges from said charge accumulation region to the capacitive element when at least a predetermined amount of electrical charge has accumulated in said charge accumulation region.

Abstract: A device for detecting a presence of an object includes an optical phased array, a detector, a processing portion and an indicator. The optical phased array can transmit a first optical beam to a first location at a first time and can transmit a second optical beam to a second location at a second time. The detector can detect a first reflected beam based on the first optical beam and can detect a second reflected beam based on the second optical beam. The processing portion can determine the presence of the object based on the first reflected beam and the second reflected beam. The indicator can generate an indicator signal based on the presence of the object.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a method of evaluating luminance of a light source, including acquiring first data including a plurality of luminance values by measuring luminance of the light source, converting the first data into second data corresponding to a plurality of unit cells, acquiring a moving average of the second data, and acquiring a ripple factor. The ripple factor is represented by (Draw-Ma)/Ma, where Draw is the second data and Ma is the moving average.

Abstract: A pixel 10 includes a photodiode PD which is provided between a first barrier region 21 forming a first potential barrier B1 and a second barrier region 27 forming a second potential barrier B2, a first floating diffusion region F1 which is provided adjacent to the first barrier region 21, and to which a first electric charge generated in the photodiode PD is transferred, and a second floating diffusion region F2 which is provided adjacent to the second barrier region 27, and into which a second electric charge generated in the photoelectric conversion region PD flows, and in which a part of the flowing-in second electric charge is accumulated. The second potential barrier B2 is lower than the first potential barrier B1.

Abstract: An optical sensor apparatus includes an infrared light generating device, N first detection devices, a second detection device and a processing circuit. In addition to detecting infrared light, the N first detection devices further detect N different visible wavelength ranges, respectively. The second detection device is optically shielded from visible light and arranged for detecting infrared light. In a first sensing mode, the processing circuit obtains color information according to N first detection signals generated by the N first detection devices and a reference signal generated by the second detection device. In a second sensing mode, the N first detection devices and the second detection device generate (N+1) second detection signals when the infrared light generating device is activated, and generate (N+1) third detection signals when the infrared light generating device is deactivated.

Abstract: A paper size detection device includes a central switch, at least two switches disposed to two opposite sides of the central switch at intervals, and at least a sensor corresponding to the two switches located at the two opposite sides of the central switch. The sensor can be designated as a light sensor. One switch triggers the sensor and the other switch is without triggering the sensor under an original no paper condition. So that a detection method of the paper size detection device that uses N light sensors to judge N*2 papers' size can be realized by virtue of the above-mentioned setting structure, N is a positive integer, such as 2, 3, 4 and so on. Thus, the paper size detection device has a simple structure and a lower manufacture cost, and the detection method of the paper size detection device is simplified, accordingly.

Abstract: A light sensor is provided that includes an exposed light transducer for accumulating charge in proportion to light incident thereon over an integration period; and a light-to-pulse circuit in communication with the exposed light transducer, the light-to-pulse circuit operative to output a pulse having a pulse width based on the charge accumulated by the exposed light transducer. The light-to-pulse circuit may include a one shot logic circuit that contributes to generation of the pulse. The light sensor may include an input/output pad, a capacitor provided at the input/output pad for blocking static electricity, an input low pass filter provided at the input/output pad for blocking electromagnetic interference, and/or a bandgap voltage reference circuit connected to a power source having a supply voltage level in a range of about 3.3V to about 5.0V, and for generating a set of stable reference voltages throughout the supply voltage level range.

Abstract: A method for detecting polarized light is disclosed. Providing a polarized light detection system including a photoresistor, a power source and a detection apparatus. The photoresistor includes a first electrode layer and a photosensitive material layer. The detection apparatus includes a current detection device and a computer analysis system. An incident light is irradiated onto a surface of the photoresistor. Polarization information of the incident light is identified by the photoresistor. Current change in the photoresistor is detected by the current detection device. The polarization information of the incident light is analyzed by the computer analysis system.

Abstract: A single-photon receiver and method for detecting a single-photon are presented. The receiver comprises a SPAD that receives a gating signal having a fundamental frequency in the 100 MHz to multiple GHz range. The receiver further comprises a two-stage frequency filter for filtering the output of the SPAD, wherein the filter has: (1) a notch filter response at the fundamental frequency; and (2) a low-pass filter response whose cutoff frequency is less than the first harmonic of the fundamental frequency. As a result, the frequency filter removes substantially all the frequency components in the SPAD output without significant degradation of the signal quality but with reduced complexity, cost, and footprint requirement relative to receivers in the prior art.

Abstract: A probe needle is successively moved to a plurality of measurement points set in a measurement region on a sample so as to measure a z-displacement amount. An excitation control unit feedback-controls a piezoelectric element so that a vibration amplitude of a cantilever is constant in accordance with the detection output by a displacement detection unit. Moreover, a vertical displacement control unit feedback-controls a vertical position scan unit so as to obtain a constant distance between the probe needle and the sample according to a frequency shift by a frequency detection unit. When changes of outputs of two feedback loops at a certain measurement point are both within a predetermined range, a main control unit issues an instruction to a horizontal position control unit to rapidly move to the next measurement point. As a result, it is possible to adaptively decide such a measurement time that both of the two feedback controls at respective measurement points are established.

Abstract: A system for measuring quantum efficiency in a sample photovoltaic cell may include a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. One or more light source for illuminating the photovoltaic cell in a wavelength range of interest are provided.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a manufacturing process includes generating a measurement data by analyzing emission intensity of plasma emission light using a measurement device, the plasma emission light being generated when a plasma gas of a manufacturing process device is changed from an energy level corresponding to a high energy state to an energy level corresponding to a low energy state, generating a compensated value based on the measurement data, the compensated value being generated by offsetting a sensitivity change that is caused due to pollution of the manufacturing process device and the measurement device or measurement locations of the measurement device, and monitoring the manufacturing process based on the compensated value.

Abstract: Systems and methods for an improved solar/infrared conversion efficiency using multiple rectennas, one for each band of the spectrum. Each rectenna is optimally efficient for each spectrum band. An antenna receives at least one of a visible or infrared spectrum. Rectifying circuits coupled to the antenna generate a current based on a portion of the spectrum received by the at least one antenna. Each rectenna operates efficiently using a different operating voltage. The operating voltages are based on the selected load resistor and the current-voltage characteristics for the diode of the rectifying circuit at the associated spectrum portion.

Abstract: For angular resolved spectrometry a radiation beam is used having an illumination profile having four quadrants is used. The first and third quadrants are illuminated whereas the second and fourth quadrants aren't illuminated. The resulting pupil plane is thus also divided into four quadrants with only the zeroth order diffraction pattern appearing in the first and third quadrants and only the first order diffraction pattern appearing in the second and third quadrants.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions for making and methods of using a hand-held nucleic acid amplification device, comprising a disposable biochip with a series of sample wells, each sample well having a novel optical arrangement that includes a light-emitting diode (LED) and a single light capturing element (e.g. a photodiode) for quickly measuring light emissions from biological samples such as nucleic acid amplification reactions. Such a device can utilize isothermal amplification for obtaining detectable yields of amplified nucleic acid product in short time periods, for example, within seconds.

Abstract: A densitometer includes a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and at least one sensor. The LEDs are activated one at a time in a sequential, repeatable order. Photonic energy from each LED is reflected off an entity and is incident upon the sensor(s). Circuitry samples or acquires signaling from the sensor(s) in accordance with the respective LED activations. Signaling from the densitometer can be used in controlling ink-jetting printers or other apparatus.

Abstract: A control unit sets a first control value for causing a charge accumulation unit to execute a first accumulation and obtaining first image data and a second control value for causing the charge accumulation unit to execute a second accumulation and obtaining second image data, depending on whether an operation mode set by a setting unit executes image recognition processing based on image data obtained through accumulation by the charge accumulation unit. If the operation mode set by the setting unit does not execute the image recognition processing, the control unit sets the first and second control values to be different from each other, even if an object field has a constant luminance.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, method, reagents, and kits for conducting assays as well as process for their preparation are described. They are particularly well suited for conducting automated analysis in a multi-well plate assay format.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with a touch screen display that is controlled based on information from a proximity sensor attached underneath a display layer. The proximity sensor may have a light source that emits infrared light and a light detector that detects reflected infrared light. When the electronic device is in the vicinity of a user's head, the proximity sensor may produce data indicative of the presence of the user's head. Variations in proximity sensor output due to smudges on the proximity sensor can be detected by providing the proximity sensor with an additional light source. The additional light source may be used to inject light into the display layer. The injected light may be guided within the display layer by total internal reflection. In the presence of smudge, the internally reflecting light may deviate from its normal propagation path.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion module includes a lens unit, a circuit board, and a photoelectric unit. The lens unit is positioned on the circuit board. The photoelectric unit is connected electrically with the circuit board and is optically coupled with the lens unit. A groove is defined on the circuit board. The photoelectric unit is located in the groove.

Abstract: There is provided optical analysis techniques in the scanning molecule counting method using the light measurement with a confocal or multiphoton microscope in which the measuring unit time in the light measurement is set to an appropriate value in order to surely detect an approximately bell shape profile of the signal of a light-emitting particle and avoid excessive increase data volume of time series light intensity data. The inventive optical analysis technique of detecting light of a light-emitting particle in a sample solution generates time series light intensity data of light from a light detection region detected during moving the position of the light detection region of a microscope in the sample solution and detects in the data a signal indicating light from each light-emitting particle individually. The measuring unit time is determined based on the size and the moving speed of the light detection region.

Abstract: A physiological monitoring system may use photonic signals at one or more wavelengths to determine physiological parameters. During monitoring, a physiological sensor may become improperly positioned, which may affect the physiological attenuation of the photonic signals, and accordingly a detected light signal. The detected light signal may include an ambient light component and a signal component corresponding to the one or more wavelengths of light. One or both components may exhibit an interference signal component caused by environmental light. The physiological monitoring system may analyze the interference signal components to determine a sensor-off condition.

Abstract: There is provided an optical analysis technique of detecting light of a light-emitting particle in a sample solution in the scanning molecule counting method using the light measurement with a confocal or multiphoton microscope, for suppressing the scattering in detected results of signals of light of light-emitting particles smaller and achieving the improvement of accuracy. The inventive technique comprises moving the position of a light detection region along a predetermined route for multiple circulation times by changing the optical path of the optical system; detecting light from the light detection region and generating time series light intensity data during the moving of the light detection region and detecting individually a signal indicating light from each light-emitting particle existing in the predetermined route using the time series light intensity data obtained in the circulating movements of the light detection region of multiple times.

Abstract: A photosensitive input device includes a stylus, a photosensitive input panel including an induction layer, a photoelectric detecting circuit, a driving circuit, a controller, and a storage device. The induction layer includes a plurality of photosensitive units including a light-emitting element and a light-receiving element together. The photosensitive element outputs a current when struck by the light from the stylus, the current intensity being dependent on the wavelength of the emitted light. The photoelectric detecting circuit determines coordinates based on the induced current and the intensity of the induced current. The driving circuit generates a driving current or a reduced or a zero current in response, based on a pre-determined table and outputs the driving current to show the track of the stylus-light across the input panel, by illuminating the relevant light-emitting elements or by switching down or switching off the relevant light-emitting elements.

Abstract: A processing device includes a control section adapted to perform emission control of first and second light source sections based on a light reception result of a light receiving section adapted to receive a reflected light beam caused by an object reflecting irradiation light beams from the first and second light source sections, and a determination section adapted to determine a positional relationship of the object with respect to the first and second light source sections based on emission current control information for performing the emission control. The determination section determines the positional relationship of the object based on first period emission current control information as the emission current control information in a first period in which no object exists in the detection area and second period emission current control information as the emission current control information in a second period in which the object exists in the detection area.

Abstract: Provided is a photoelectric sensor that enables intuitive sensitivity adjustment while ensuring a wide dynamic range, and ease grasp of an adjustment state. The photoelectric sensor includes: an adjusting device having a variable resistor embedded in at least one of a driving circuit and a light receiving circuit, and configured to change a resistance value of the variable resistor according to a rotational position of a rotatable adjusting element; an evaluator configured to generate a determination signal based on a comparison result between a light receiving signal superimposed on a reference level and a threshold value; a margin ration calculator configured to calculate a ratio of an amount of a light receiving signal in the light receiving signal superimposed on the reference level and a difference between the threshold value and the reference level as a margin ratio to be displayed.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion device includes a circuit board, a light emitting module, a light receiving module, and an optical coupling lens. The circuit board includes two protrusions apart from each other. The light emitting module and the light receiving module are mounted on the circuit board and are apart from each other. The optical coupling lens includes a light incident surface, a first converging lens, a second converging lens and two through holes are defined therein for locating purposes. The first converging lens and the second converging lens are formed on the light incident surface. Centers of the through holes are aligned with centers of the protrusions to ensure the perfect alignment of the light emitting module with the first converging lens, and the perfect alignment of the light receiving module with the second converging lens.

Abstract: A microscope for examining an object includes a laser light source generating pulsed light so as to illuminate the object. A measuring system including a detector is adapted to detect detection light coming from the object and the measuring system generates a measurement signal based on the detection light. The microscope includes a programmable integrated circuit including a control element and at least one of a first delay element and a second delay element. The control element is configured to generate a first control signal adapted to control the detector and the measuring system. The control element is further configured to generate a second control signal adapted to control the laser light source. The first and second delay elements are configured to delay the first and second control signals, respectively.

Abstract: An optical detection apparatus is configured to transmit pulses into a detection zone after one another in different directions which follow one another in a scanning direction over a scanning angle, to receive the radiation of the transmitted pulses returning from the detection zone, to generate a received signal with respect to each transmitted pulse, said received signal depending on the variation with time of the returning radiation of the transmitted pulse, and to average the received signals of a group of transmitted pulses to generate an averaged received signal. The angular extent relating to the scanning angle of at least one transmitted pulse of the group at a spacing from the detection apparatus disposed within the detection zone is at most 25 times the size of the angular spacing relating to the scanning angle between two transmitted pulses of the group directly adjacent one another in the scanning direction.

Abstract: An image sensor module includes a substrate, an image sensor, and a connecting plate. The substrate includes a supporting portion and an extending portion extending from one side of the supporting portion. The supporting portion includes an upper surface and a lower surface opposite to the upper surface. The supporting portion defines a through hole penetrating the upper surface and the lower surface and a receiving recess communicating the through hole on the lower surface. The thickness of the extending portion is less than the thickness of the supporting portion. The image sensor is received in the receiving recess and is electrically connected to the substrate. The connecting plate is electrically connected to the extending portion, the thickness of the connecting plate is less than or equal to the thickness difference between the extending portion and the supporting portion.

Abstract: With a light source evaluation device 10 according to the present invention and a solar cell evaluation device 1 employing the same, a dependency P (?, Ib) for each wavelength ? of a short-circuit current Ib generated by white bias light of a measurement target solar cell 2, which is pre-measured at each of a plurality (i) of irradiance levels, is regarded as a spectral responsivity Pi (?) at each irradiance level, and a value for adjusting a light quantity of an illumination light source 3 that illuminates the solar cell 2 is computed using a spectral responsivity Ps (?), which is computed using the spectral responsivity Pi (?), a pre-supplied spectral irradiance S (?) of reference sunlight, and a pre-measured spectral irradiance L (?) of the illumination light source 3.

Abstract: Nanostructure array optoelectronic devices are disclosed. The optoelectronic device may have one or more intermediate electrical contacts that are physically and electrically connected to sidewalls of the array of nanostructures. The contacts may allow different photo-active regions of the optoelectronic device to be independently controlled. For example, one color light may be emitted or detected independently of another using the same group of one or more nanostructures. The optoelectronic device may be a pixilated device that may serve as an LED display or imaging sensor. The pixilated device may have an array of nanostructures with alternating rows and columns of sidewall electrical contacts at different layers. A pixel may be formed at the intersection of a row contact and a column contact. As one example, a single group of one or more nanostructures has a blue sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a red sub-pixel.

Abstract: Some implementations provide a semiconductor device that includes a first die and an optical receiver. The first die includes a back side layer having a thickness that is sufficiently thin to allow an optical signal to traverse through the back side layer. The optical receiver is configured to receive several optical signals through the back side layer of the first die. In some implementations, each optical signal originates from a corresponding optical emitter coupled to a second die. In some implementations, the back side layer is a die substrate. In some implementations, the optical signal traverses a substrate portion of the back side layer. The first die further includes an active layer. The optical receiver is part of the active layer. In some implementations, the semiconductor device includes a second die that includes an optical emitter. The second die coupled to the back side of the first die.

Abstract: A light detecting method is provided. The light detecting method includes following steps. A light beam is sensed to generate a photocurrent. A predetermined current is subtracted from the photocurrent. The photocurrent is converted to a voltage.

Abstract: Embodiments related to accumulating charge during multiple exposure periods in a time-of-flight depth camera are disclosed. For example, one embodiment provides a method including accumulating a first charge on a photodetector during a first exposure period for a first light pulse, transferring the first charge to a charge storage mechanism, accumulating a second charge during a second exposure period for the first light pulse, and transferring the second charge to the charge storage mechanism. The method further includes accumulating an additional first charge during a first exposure period for a second light pulse, adding the additional first charge to the first charge to form an updated first charge, accumulating an additional second charge on the photodetector for a second exposure period for the second light pulse, and adding the additional second charge to the second charge to form an updated second charge.

Abstract: A pixel circuit includes a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) and a measurement circuit including a capacitance. The SPAD detects an incident photon and the measurement circuit discharges the capacitance at a known rate during a discharge time period. The length of the discharge time period is determined by the time of detection of the photon, such that the final amount of charge on the capacitance corresponds to the time of flight of the photon. The pixel circuit may be included in a time resolved imaging apparatus. A method of measuring the time of flight of a photon includes responding to an incident photon detection by discharging a capacitance at a known rate and correlating final capacitance charge to time of flight.

Abstract: A sensor assembly is disclosed that includes a hollow casing having a radiation entrance opening. A radiation-transmissive optic is at the radiation entrance opening. A substrate is inside and sealed against the hollow casing. An optical sensing element is coupled to the substrate and configured to sense radiation that has passed through the radiation-transmissive optic. A method of manufacturing the sensor assembly also is disclosed.

Abstract: A driver circuit outputs a result of classifying and counting photons based on one or more energy levels to a column line. The driver circuit includes a multiplexer for receiving the result from a counter, a driving inverter for receiving a signal from the multiplexer and a power supply, and a switch connected between the power supply and an input terminal of the driving inverter.