Abstract: Optical computing devices are disclosed. One exemplary optical computing device includes an electromagnetic radiation source configured to optically interact with a sample and at least two integrated computational elements. The at least two integrated computational elements may be configured to produce optically interacted light, and at least one of the at least two integrated computational elements may be configured to be disassociated with a characteristic of the sample. The optical computing device further includes a first detector arranged to receive the optically interacted light from the at least two integrated computational elements and thereby generate a first signal corresponding to the characteristic of the sample.

Abstract: The output of optical computing devices containing an integrated computational element can be corrected when an interferent substance or condition is present.

Abstract: Optical computing devices are disclosed. One exemplary optical computing device includes an electromagnetic radiation source configured to optically interact with a sample and at least two integrated computational elements. The at least two integrated computational elements are configured to produce optically interacted light and further configured to be associated with a characteristic of the sample. The optical computing device further includes a first detector arranged to receive the optically interacted light from the at least two integrated computational elements and thereby generate a first signal corresponding to the characteristic of the sample.

Abstract: Optical computing devices containing one or more integrated computational elements may be used to produce two or more detector output signals that are computationally combinable to determine a characteristic of a sample. The devices may comprise a first integrated computational element and a second integrated computational element, each integrated computational element having an optical function associated therewith, and the optical function of the second integrated computational element being at least partially offset in wavelength space relative to that of the first integrated computational element; an optional electromagnetic radiation source; at least one detector configured to receive electromagnetic radiation that has optically interacted with each integrated computational element and produce a first signal and a second signal associated therewith; and a signal processing unit operable for computationally combining the first signal and the second signal to determine a characteristic of a sample.

Abstract: Optical computing devices are disclosed. One exemplary optical computing device includes an electromagnetic radiation source configured to optically interact with a sample and first and second integrated computational elements arranged in primary and reference channels, respectively. The first and second integrated computational elements produce first and second modified electromagnetic radiations, and a detector is arranged to receive the first and second modified electromagnetic radiations and generate an output signal corresponding to the characteristic of the sample.

Abstract: Optical computing devices are disclosed. One exemplary optical computing device includes an electromagnetic radiation source configured to optically interact with a sample and at least two integrated computational elements. The at least two integrated computational elements may be configured to produce optically interacted light, and at least one of the at least two integrated computational elements may be configured to be disassociated with a characteristic of the sample. The optical computing device further includes a first detector arranged to receive the optically interacted light from the at least two integrated computational elements and thereby generate a first signal corresponding to the characteristic of the sample.

Abstract: A position-sensitive radiation counting detector includes a first and a second substrate. A gas is contained within the gap between the substrates. A photocathode layer is coupled to the first substrate and faces the second substrate. A first electrode is coupled to the second substrate and a second electrode is electrically coupled to the first electrode. A first impedance is coupled to the first electrode and a power supply is coupled to at least one electrode. A first discharge event detector is coupled to one of the electrodes for detecting a gas discharge event in the electrode. The radiation counting detector further includes a plurality of pixels, each capable of outputting a gas discharge counting event pulse upon interaction with radiation received from the photocathode. Each gas discharge pulse is counted as having an approximately equal value.

Abstract: Optical computing devices are disclosed. One exemplary optical computing device includes an electromagnetic radiation source configured to optically interact with a sample and first and second integrated computational elements arranged in primary and reference channels, respectively, the first and second computational elements are configured to be either positively or negatively correlated to the characteristic of the sample. The first and second integrated computational elements produce first and second modified electromagnetic radiations, and a detector is arranged to receive the first and second modified electromagnetic radiations and generate an output signal corresponding to the characteristic of the sample.

Abstract: A system and a method for controlling the quality of an industrial process, of the type that comprises the steps of: providing one or more reference signals for the industrial process; acquiring one or more real signals that are indicative of the quality of said industrial process; and comparing said one or more reference signals with said one or more real signals in order to identify defects in said industrial process.

Abstract: The inventors disclose a new high performance optical sensor, preferably of nanoscale dimensions, that functions at room temperature based on an extraordinary optoconductance (EOC) phenomenon, and preferably an inverse EOC (I-EOC) phenomenon, in a metal-semiconductor hybrid (MSH) structure having a semiconductor/metal interface. Such a design shows efficient photon sensing not exhibited by bare semiconductors. In experimentation with an exemplary embodiment, ultrahigh spatial resolution 4-point optoconductance measurements using Helium-Neon laser radiation reveal a strikingly large optoconductance property, an observed maximum measurement of 9460% EOC, for a 250 nm device. Such an exemplary EOC device also demonstrates specific detectivity higher than 5.06×1011 cm?Hz/W for 632 nm illumination and a high dynamic response of 40 dB making such sensors technologically competitive for a wide range of practical applications.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a display device including a first light sensor unit configured to include a light-receiving element and detect intensity of ambient light to a display area; a second light sensor unit configured to include a light-receiving element and be provided with an infrared filter disposed on an optical path to the light-receiving element; and a signal processor configured to execute difference processing for a detection signal of the first light sensor unit and a detection signal of the second light sensor unit, wherein the infrared filter is formed by stacking at least two kinds of color filters.

Abstract: A semi-active laser (SAL) sensing system is thus provided that uses a lens concentrator system to pass received reflected laser light from an aperture to a detector. The lens concentrator system facilitates the use of SAL systems with different laser designator wavelengths to improve the performance of the SAL system. In one embodiment, the lens concentrator system is formed from polymer having substantial optical clarity for radiation having wavelengths between approximately 1.5 and approximately 1.65 ?m. For example, the lens concentrator system may be formed from amorphous fluoropolymer. The lens concentrator system formed from amorphous fluoropolymer facilitates the use SAL designators using different wavelengths than those in past SAL sensing systems.

Abstract: A system for monitoring an energy beam burn through has a sheet formed of a material approximately transparent to optical radiation at a desired operating wavelength. A light detector is attached to the sheet. A coating is applied to the sheet and the light detector, wherein penetration of the coating by a light source allows the light source to scatter within the sheet. A response unit is coupled to the detector unit for signaling an alarm when the light detector senses the light source of a predetermined level.

Abstract: An embodiment relates to a sensor being integrated on a semiconductor substrate and comprising at least a vertical double-junction photodiode, in turn comprising at least one first and one second p-n junction formed in said semiconductor substrate, as well as at least an anti-reflection coating formed on said photodiode. Said at least one anti-reflection coating comprises at least one first and one second different anti-reflection layer being suitable to obtain a responsivity peak in correspondence with a predetermined wavelength of an incident optical signal on said sensor. An embodiment also relates to an integration process of such a sensor, as well as to an ambient light sensor made by means of such a sensor.

Abstract: A radiation detecting apparatus includes a radiation detector, an electrical circuit configured to perform at least one of transmission and reception of an electrical signal to and from the radiation detector, and a deflection adjusting member configured to adjust a deflection of the radiation detecting apparatus. The radiation detector and the electrical circuit are formed as an integral unit.

Abstract: A method of measuring the concentration of a substance, using a sensor (2) comprising a luminescent material, an LED light source (14) which supplies a pulse of light to the sensor to cause luminescence of the material, a detector (26) for detecting the emitted light and a data processing module (28) for analysing the signals and indicating the concentration of the substance. In a measuring sequence there is a series of pulses of light spaced apart sufficiently to permit the luminescence to decay between pulses. The signals which are analysed are those generated after each pulse of light has terminated and the luminescence is decaying. The data processing module (28) comprises a plurality of accumulators (52A, 52B, 52C and 52D) which are controlled to be operable over a corresponding plurality of different periods of time during decay of the luminescence. Each accumulator accumulates values indicative of the intensity of the luminescence from the series of pulses in the measuring sequence.

Abstract: An image sensor includes, inter alia: a first and second capacitors arranged serially between an input terminal and a first node, a first comparing unit connecting to a first reference signal and a connecting node of the first and second capacitors, and an output terminal connecting to the first node wherein the first comparing unit provides first or second preliminary ramp signals on the first node, first and second switches arranged between the first comparing unit and the first capacitor to selectively connect the first capacitor to a ground voltage or the input terminal, a third capacitor connecting to the second capacitor in parallel, a third switch selectively connecting the first node to the third capacitor, a first ramp signal output unit generating a first ramp signal with the first preliminary ramp signal provided, and a second ramp signal output unit generating a second ramp signal using the second preliminary ramp signal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention describe utilizing dual floating diffusion switches to enhance the dynamic range of pixels having multiple photosensitive elements. The insertion of dual floating diffusion switches between floating diffusion nodes of said photosensitive elements allows the conversion gain to be controlled and selected for each photosensitive element of a pixel. Furthermore, in embodiments utilizing a photosensitive element for high conversion gains, the value of high conversion gain for the respective photosensitive element maybe increased due to the separation between floating diffusion nodes, enabling high sensitivity for low-light conditions.

Abstract: Light from a photodiode is detected using a phototransistor. At the time of startup, set data concerning a detected current is received at a communication interface, and the received set data is compared with the detected current. A control unit adjusts a current of the phototransistor so that the detected current matches the set data.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion device is provided that has high linearity of output current to illuminance and is applicable to illumination sensors. The photoelectric conversion device outputs appropriate current by complementing first current, which is generated in response to incident light, with complementary current. The complementary current is generated based on second current flowing in response to the light. The second current is generated by a device having the same element area as that of a device that generates the first current. When the second current flows, the complementary current is generated based on a direction of the second current and is then added to the first current.

Abstract: A detecting device includes an actuating unit for driving a transparent material, a light source for emitting light to the transparent material driven by the actuating unit, a light sensor for sensing the light emitted from the light source as an edge of the transparent material is moved to different positions relative to the light source so as to generate a corresponding optical intensity signal, a transforming circuit coupled to the light sensor for transforming the optical intensity signal into a transforming signal, and a processing unit coupled to the transforming circuit for determining whether the edge of the transparent material is moved to a position between the light source and the light sensor according to the transforming signal transmitted from the transforming circuit.

Abstract: According to example embodiments, a photomultiplier detector cell for tomography includes a detector unit and a readOUT unit. The detector unit is configured to generate a digitized detect signal in response to receives light having a certain range of wavelength. The readOUT unit is configured to generate an output signal corresponding to the detect signal generated by the detector unit and to transmit the output signal to an external circuit. The readOUT unit is configured to transmit the output signal to the external circuit right after the detect signal is received.

Abstract: Input light, such as from an optical sensor or stimulus-wavelength converter, includes one or more light or dark sub-bands. The input light is transmitted, such as through a transmissive layer or transmission component, to obtain effects due to transmission with lateral variation. A detector can, for example, obtain spectral information or other photon energy information about the sub-bands due to lateral variation. For each light or dark sub-band, a transmission component can, for example, provide a respective light or dark spot, and spot position can be used to obtain spectral information such as absolute wavelength or wavelength change. A photosensing component can sense or detect transmitted light or output photons, such as with a photosensor array or a position-sensitive detector. Circuitry can use photosensed quantities to obtain, e.g. a differential signal or information about time of wavelength change.

Abstract: In embodiments of imaging structure emitter calibration, an imaging unit includes an emitter structure that direct emits light, and optics direct the light along a light path in the imaging unit to illuminate a projection surface. A reflective panel reflects a portion of the light to illuminate a light sensor. An imaging application receives the sensor data from the light sensor, where the sensor data corresponds to emitted light output from the emitter structure. The imaging application can then initiate a calibration input to the emitter structure to adjust the emitted light output from the emitter structure.

Abstract: A lighting system including fixture lamps, e.g., ceiling mounted, and movable light sources, e.g., task lamps. The task lamps include illuminance sensors arranged to detect ambient light including light emitted by one or more fixture lamps and available daylight. Control data is generated based at least in part on the illuminance data. The resulting control data is transmitted from the task lamp to a fixture lamp and a window system so that it can be used to control the amount of light emitted by the fixture lamp and amount of daylight transmitted through the window system. This arrangement allows daylight harvesting while ensuring that the amount of light provided to workspaces (at which task lamps are located) is satisfactory.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element unit includes a package includes a package including a photoelectric conversion element configured to perform a photoelectric conversion for an optical image of an object, a substrate mounted with an electronic component that includes a drive circuit configured to drive the photoelectric conversion element and a signal processing circuit configured to process a signal from the photoelectric conversion element, and a fixing plate having an opening, wherein the package and the electronic component are adjacent to each other in a direction orthogonal to an optical axis in the opening, and the package and the substrate are fixed onto the fixing plate.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention includes a first substrate including a photoelectric conversion region and a surrounding region, and a second substrate including a circuit for processing a signal from the photoelectric conversion region, and overlapping the first substrate. In this case, the circuit for processing a signal from the photoelectric conversion region includes a first circuit and a second circuit with a higher drive frequency than that of the first circuit. In an orthogonal projection, the second circuit is only provided in the photoelectric conversion region.

Abstract: A method of operating an avalanche photodiode includes providing an avalanche photodiode having a multiplication region capable of amplifying an electric current when subject to an electric field. The multiplication region, in operation, has a first ionization rate for electrons and a second, different, ionization rate for holes. The method also includes applying the electric field to the multiplication region, receiving a current output from the multiplication region, and varying the electric field in time, whereby a portion of the current output is suppressed.

Abstract: An optical sensor, comprising a sensor head, which contains a sensitive element and which is adjoined by a housing, which contains sensor electronics, wherein the sensitive element is irradiated with light from an optical transmitter and a light characteristic radiated back by the sensitive element is detected by an optical receiver and evaluated by the sensor electronics. The sensor head and the housing are embodied to be separable, wherein different sensor heads having different sensitive elements are connectable to the housing containing the sensor electronics and the sensor electronics evaluates the light characteristics generated by the different sensitive elements.

Abstract: An interference filter includes a first substrate, a second substrate opposed to the first substrate, a first optical film provided to the first substrate, and a second optical film provided to the second substrate and opposed to the first optical film, at least one of the first and second optical films has a metal film having a reflecting property and a transmitting property with respect to light in a desired wavelength band, a surface and an edge portion of the metal film are covered by a barrier film, and the barrier film is formed of a material having conductivity.

Abstract: Passive detector structures for imaging systems are provided which implement unpowered, passive front-end detector structures with direct-to-digital measurement data output for detecting incident photonic radiation in various portions (e.g., thermal (IR), near IR, UV and visible light) of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Abstract: A photo-sensing pixel circuit including a photo-sensing part, a transfer transistor, a plurality of adjustment transistors, and an output circuit is provided. The photo-sensing part senses a light source and generates a corresponding number of electrons. The transfer transistor coupled to the photo-sensing part has a floating node and converts the electrons generated by the photo-sensing part into a voltage signal. The adjustment transistors have a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is coupled to a power supply, and the second end is coupled to the transfer transistor via the floating node. The output circuit coupled to the transfer transistor outputs a sensing signal according to the voltage signal, wherein the sensing signal is corresponding to the brightness of the light source. The adjustment transistors operate in at least two operation modes. Different numbers of the adjustment transistors are turned on in different operation modes.

Abstract: Apparatus are provided for monitoring a condition of a surface based on a measurement of a property of the surface using a sensor. In an example, the property is performed using an apparatus disposed above the tissue, where the apparatus includes at least one coil structure formed from a conductive material, at least one other component, and at least one cross-link structure physically coupling a portion of the at least one coil structure to a portion of the at least one other component, the at least one cross-link structure being formed from a flexible material. The at least one other component can be a sensor component or a processor unit.

Abstract: A method of compensating for electromagnetic radiation. The method may include measuring electromagnetic radiation emanating from circuitry at a first frequency and adjusting at least one of the electrical settings of the circuitry based on the measurement of the electromagnetic radiation to reduce the electromagnetic radiation at the first frequency emanating from the circuitry.

Abstract: A system for detecting signal components of light induced by multiple excitation sources including: a flow channel including at least two spatially separated optical interrogation zones; a non-modulating excitation source that directs a light beam of a first wavelength at a near constant intensity onto a first of the optical interrogation zones; a modulating excitation source that directs a light beam of a second wavelength with an intensity modulated over time at a modulating frequency onto a second of the optical interrogation zones; a detector subsystem comprising a set of detectors configured to detect light emitted from particles flowing through the at least two optical interrogation zones and to convert the detected light into a total electrical signal; and a processor that determines signal components from the light detected from each of the optical interrogation zones.

Abstract: An optical module includes a circuit board including a mount surface and a non-mount surface opposite the mount surface, a photoelectric conversion element mounted on the mount surface of the circuit board, an optical coupling member for holding an optical fiber and optically coupling the optical fiber and the photoelectric conversion element, a semiconductor circuit element mounted on the mount surface of the circuit board, and electrically connected to the photoelectric conversion element, a plate-shaped supporting member arranged so as to sandwich the optical coupling member between the supporting member and the circuit board, and an electrically conductive body supported by the supporting member, extended in a thickness direction of the supporting member, and connected at one end to an electrode provided on the non-mount surface of the circuit board.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a photo detector for accumulating charges in response to an incident light, a storage unit for storing the charges, a first transmission gate for transmitting the charges from the photo detector to the storage unit, a second transmission gate for transmitting the charges from the storage unit to the floating diffusion node, a reset gate for resetting the floating diffusion node in response a reset gate signal, and a coupling circuit connected between the reset gate and the storage unit.

Abstract: A drive device (30) of the invention supplies, to a shape memory alloy member (15), an electric pulse having a pulse cycle shorter than a predetermined cycle for reading out an image from an imaging element. The drive device (30) having the above configuration is advantageous in preventing or suppressing noise which may affect peripheral circuits resulting from a frequency component of a drive current.

Abstract: Provided is a photo detecting element that has a simplified structure and that is easily manufactured and assembled, and an optical pick-up device including the photo detecting element.

Abstract: Technologies generally described herein relate to multilayer circuit boards with optical vias for data transmission between the layers. One or more regions may be created on a multilayer circuit board for optical vias. A transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer can be deposited on a top and/or bottom layer of the circuit board. P-N junctions can be created over the TCO layer about the one or more regions to form optical vias as photo-emitting and/or photo-detecting components. The photo-emitting and/or photo-detecting components may be coupled to electronic components on the multilayer circuit board.

Abstract: A light measuring circuit includes an integration circuit for integrating a current supplied form a photoelectric conversion element, an AD converter for AD converting the output voltage of the integration circuit, and a controller for obtaining a first AD conversion result from the AD converter and controlling the integration circuit and the AD converter to determine the time constant of the integration circuit in a second AD conversion following a first AD conversion. In this way, it is possible to measure the photocurrent with a wide dynamic range without making the circuit more complicated.

Abstract: A radiation detector system includes a photosensor configured to detect a radiation level, a processor configured to process the radiation level, and a wireless interface configured to transmit the processed radiation level to a network. A method of determining a radiation value using the radiation detector includes receiving a new radiation event data, maintaining a record of the new radiation event data among a record of previously received radiation events data, calculating a user-configured average value radiation level based on the record of the radiation events data, calculating a radiation level on the basis of the record of the received new radiation event data and the record of previously received radiation events data, and outputting the radiation value and the user-configured average value radiation level.

Abstract: With a light source evaluation device 10 according to the present invention and a solar cell evaluation device 1 employing the same, a dependency P (?, Ib) for each wavelength ? of a short-circuit current Ib generated by white bias light of a measurement target solar cell 2, which is pre-measured at each of a plurality (i) of irradiance levels, is regarded as a spectral responsivity Pi (?) at each irradiance level, and a value for adjusting a light quantity of an illumination light source 3 that illuminates the solar cell 2 is computed using a spectral responsivity Ps (?), which is computed using the spectral responsivity Pi (?), a pre-supplied spectral irradiance S (?) of reference sunlight, and a pre-measured spectral irradiance L (?) of the illumination light source 3.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting display includes a substrate, a thin film transistor on the substrate, an organic light-emitting diode electrically connected to the thin film transistor, and a photo sensor having a plurality of photo diodes connected to one another in parallel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a biochip analysis device which includes first and second spatial light modulators; and a spatial light modulation driver configured to drive the first and second spatial light modulators, wherein the first spatial light modulator varies a wavelength of light to be irradiated to a biochip in response to a control of the spatial light modulation driver and the spatial light modulator passes a fluorescence signal selected from fluorescence signals generated by the biochip in response to a control of the spatial light modulation driver.

Abstract: A light sensing apparatus includes a light sensing module, a signal conversion module and a processing module. The light sensing module is configured to output a first and second sense signals according to a light intensity emitting thereon. The signal conversion module is electrically coupled to the light sensing module and configured to receive the first and second sense signals and output a sense value according to a relative difference between the first and second sense signals, The comparison module is electrically coupled to the signal conversion module and configured to adjust a light sensing characteristic of the light sensing module according to the sense value so as to adjust a light sensing characteristic of the light sensing module. An adjustment method for a light sensing apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion unit generates an amount of charges. A differential amplifier has first and second input transistors and is configured to output a current signal based on the amount of charges. A reset voltage providing unit is configured to provide a reset voltage for input nodes of the first and second input transistors. A transfer transistor is electrically connected to, and configured to transfer a charge to, the input node of the first input transistor. A reset transistor is electrically connected to one of the input nodes, and configured to control an electrical connection between the reset voltage providing unit and the input node connected to the reset transistor. A connection transistor has first and second nodes and is configured to control an electrical connection between the input nodes. The first and second nodes are connected to the input nodes of the first and second input transistors, respectively.

Abstract: There is provided an input device including: a housing having a surface on which a plurality of grids are disposed; a light emitting unit irradiating light onto the surface of the housing; a light receiving element detecting the light irradiated from the light emitting unit and reflected from the surface; and a control unit determining information regarding an object contacting the surface from the light detected by the light receiving element.

Abstract: A stand-alone photosensor assembly has a housing with an axis, a first axial end and a second axial end opposite the first axial end. An adapter may be threadingly coupled to the first axial end of the housing. The adapter may be adapted to mount the housing to a scintillator. A photosensor element may be located inside the housing and adapted to be optically coupled to the scintillator. A sub-housing may be located inside the housing, at least a portion of which is located radially between the housing and the photosensor element. A scintillator assembly may include a scintillator and the photosensor assembly. A machine, such as a radiation detector, may include the scintillator and the photosensor assembly coupled to the scintillator. The machine also may include an output device to generate output in response to the photosensor assembly, and a user interface coupled to the output device.

Abstract: A photoelectric converter includes a circuit board, a laser diode electrical mounted on the circuit board, a supporting frame, an optical transmission member mounted on the supporting frame, a beam splitting assembly and an optical sensor positioned beside the beam splitting assembly. The laser diode, the beam splitting assembly and the optical sensor are received in a space cooperatively defined by the supporting frame and the optical transmission member. The laser diode emits optical signals. A part of optical signals is refracted by the beam splitter and transmitted to the optical transmission member, and the other part of optical signals is reflected by the beam splitter to the optical sensor.