Abstract: Method for increasing the adhesive power of a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer having an upper and a lower surface, wherein at least one surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is subjected to a physical process, said physical process being selected from among the group comprising corona discharge, dielectric barrier discharge, preliminary flame treatment, or plasma treatment.

Abstract: A charged particle generator includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an insulating material that is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode. Charged particles are generated by discharge that occurs between the first and the second electrodes. The first electrode, the insulating material, and the second electrode are arranged in a first direction. The second electrode has a shape that does not intersect a path along which the charged particles move in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: A multi-sectional linear ionizing bar with at least four elements is disclosed. First, disclosed bars may include at least one ionization cell with at least one axis-defining linear ion emitter for establishing an ion cloud along the length thereof. Second, disclosed bars may include at least one reference electrode. Third, disclosed bars may include a manifold for receiving gas or air from a source and for delivering same past the linear emitter(s) such that substantially none of the gas/air flows into the ion cloud. Fourth, disclosed bars may include means for receiving the ionizing voltage and for delivering same to the linear emitter(s) to thereby establish the ion cloud. In this way, disclosed ionizing bars may transport ions from the plasma region toward a charge neutralization target without inducing substantial vibration of the linear emitter and without substantial contaminants from the gas/air flow reaching the linear emitter.

Abstract: A continuous feed discharge surface treater for treating web materials has a discharge chamber where ionization of a process gas occurs defined and contained by one or more rollers. Enhanced chemical coronas and plasmas are achieved by limiting depletion of the gas chemistry from the discharge chamber and dilution or contamination from mixing with drawn in ambient air. Atmospheric coronas can also be achieved in which minimal or no ozone is exhausted from the treater. Various roller and electrode assemblies, including both fixed and rolling electrodes, can be employed.

Abstract: A coronode charging device that is photo-etched with titanium which slows the erosion rate of the coronode and thereby enhances uniformity over a larger number of copies.

Abstract: A scorotron charging device includes a titanium grid in order to achieve improved resistance to corona byproducts.

Abstract: A multi-sectional linear ionizing bar with at least four elements is disclosed. First, disclosed bars may include at least one ionization cell with at least one axis-defining linear ion emitter for establishing an ion cloud along the length thereof. Second, disclosed bars may include at least one reference electrode. Third, disclosed bars may include a manifold for receiving gas or air from a source and for delivering same past the linear emitter(s) such that substantially none of the gas/air flows into the ion cloud. Fourth, disclosed bars may include means for receiving the ionizing voltage and for delivering same to the linear emitter(s) to thereby establish the ion cloud. In this way, disclosed ionizing bars may transportions from the plasma region toward a charge neutralization target without inducing substantial vibration of the linear emitter and without substantial contaminants from the gas/air flow reaching the linear emitter.

Abstract: An ion generator 10a has an ejection head 18 as an opposite electrode and a discharge electrode 16, and generates air ions by corona discharge. A nozzle 14 supporting the discharge electrode 16 is attached to a base member 12 formed with an air supply path 11, and the nozzle 14 is formed with an exposure surface 24 for exposing the tip end portion 16b of the discharge electrode 16 and a tapered surface 25. The nozzle 14 is formed with air guide holes 26 which communicate with the air supply path 11, and ejection ports of the air guide holes 26 are open on the tapered surface 25. Compressed air ejected from the ejection port is flowed along the tapered surface 25 so that outside air surrounding the nozzle 14 is involved in the compressed air, and sprayed in a front direction of the discharge electrode 16.

Abstract: Provided is an air supply tube including an inlet port that takes in air, an outlet port that is arranged opposite a portion of an elongated target structure in a longitudinal direction, to which air taken in from the inlet port is to be supplied, and has an elongated opening shape, a channel portion in which a channel space for allowing air to flow between the inlet port and the outlet port is formed, and plural suppressing portions that suppress the flow of air, wherein the plural suppressing portions include at least a most downstream suppressing portion, a first upstream suppressing portion that is provided in a part initially located on the upstream side in the air flow direction, and a gap regulating portion that forms an extended gap at the same interval.

Abstract: An ion airflow generating device includes a number of generator stages, each of which includes a number of generators. Each generator includes a needle-shaped emitter and a ring-shaped receiver. The receivers in the same stage are arranged in an array. Each receiver defines a groove in an outer circumferential surface thereof along a direction parallel to the central axis thereof. Each two adjacent receivers in a former generator stage connect with each other, and the grooves thereof cooperatively define a hole for holding an emitter in a next generator stage. The receivers in the next generator stage symmetrically offset from the receivers in the former generator stage such that each emitter aligns to the center of a corresponding receiver.

Abstract: An air cleaner includes a negative ion generation portion generating negative ions, a positive ion generation portion generating positive ions, a drive portion adjusting a distance between the ion generation portions, a wind velocity sensor detecting wind velocity at positions where the ion generation portions are installed, and a microcomputer controlling the drive portion based on a detection result of the wind velocity sensor and setting distance D between the ion generation portions to an optimal value. Therefore, since the distance between the ion generation portions is set to the optimal value, a large amount of ion generation can be obtained.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a production process of a roller for an electrophotography, having a surface layer the electric resistance of which has been controlled by corona discharge treatment while keeping any pinholes from coming about on the surface. A production process of a roller for an electrophotography, said roller comprising a conductive mandrel and a conductive surface layer comprising a resin and carbon black dispersed in the resin, the process having the following steps (1) to (3): (1) forming a resin layer comprising a resin and carbon black dispersed therein on the circumference of the conductive mandel; (2) attaching silica particles on the surface of the resin layer; and (3) subjecting corona discharge treatment to the surface of the resin layer on which the silica particles are attached.

Abstract: Superior hydroxyls are provided which have effects on organic and inorganic compounds and/or pollutants over substantial periods of time and/or at substantial distances from where the superior hydroxyls are generated. Also provided is a hydroxyl generator, in which UV-lamps are positioned such that the coronas which they produce when emitting UV-radiation fill substantially all of the interior space of the hydroxyl generator. The coronas overlap each other by a maximum amount of between 5% and 25% of the radius of each corona.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments provide methods, materials and devices for a corona charging. Specifically, carbon nanotube yarns can be used as corona wires (or coronode) in a corotron-type or scorotron-type charging device. The carbon nanotube yarns can provide small diameters, and desired electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. The carbon nanotube yarns can have a diameter of about 100 microns or less for a low operating voltage of the charging device.

Abstract: A system and apparatus that removes and collects non-functional wire assemblies from dicorotron units is described. It has a removal tool with flexible levers mounted on the top of a storage box. The removal tool has an open top and bottom, the open bottom is aligned with an opening in the top of the box to permit a dislodged anchor and wire assembly to fall therethrough.

Abstract: An ion generation element includes an induction electrode and a plurality of discharge electrodes. The induction electrode is formed of one metal plate. A circumferential portion of a through hole is bent, and a thickness of a wall portion of the through hole is greater than a thickness of a top plate portion. A needle-like tip end of the discharge electrode is located within a range of the thickness of the through hole. Thus, an induction electrode having a structure realizing a small thickness, capable of lessening variation in an amount of ion generation caused by variation in positional relation between the tip end of the discharge electrode and the induction electrode, an ion generation element, an ion generation apparatus, and electric equipment can be obtained.

Abstract: The ionizer includes a nozzle having a discharge electrode for inducing corona discharge by application of high voltage to eject ions, an emission port for emitting supplied gas together with the ejected ions, and a gas channel for guiding supplied gas to the emission port. Herein, a velocity of flow of the gas immediately after emission from the emission port exceeds a velocity of sound, and a gas pressure at the emission port is not less than an atmospheric pressure. The gas channel has a throat part for narrowing the gas channel such that a channel area gradually decreases, and a ratio of the atmospheric pressure to a gas pressure at a position where the channel area does not vary, the position being located forward of the throat part, is not more than 0.528.

Abstract: A diagnostic system for characterization of an electron beam or an ion beam includes an electrical conducting disk of refractory material having a circumference, a center, and a Faraday cup assembly positioned to receive the electron beam or ion beam. At least one slit in the disk provides diagnostic characterization of the electron beam or ion beam. The at least one slit is located between the circumference and the center of the disk and includes a radial portion that is in radial alignment with the center and a portion that deviates from radial alignment with the center. The electron beam or ion beam is directed onto the disk and translated to the at least one slit wherein the electron beam or ion beam enters the at least one slit for providing diagnostic characterization of the electron beam or ion beam.

Abstract: Provided is near-field optical probe including: a cantilever arm support portion that is formed of a lower silicon layer of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate, the cantilever arm support portion having a through hole formed therein at a side of the lower silicon layer; and a cantilever arm forming of a junction oxidation layer pattern and an upper silicon layer pattern on the SOI substrate that are supported on an upper surface of the lower silicon layer and each have a smaller hole than the through hole, a silicon oxidation layer pattern having a tip including an aperture at a vertical end, corresponding with the hole on the upper silicon layer pattern, and an optical transmission prevention layer that is formed on the silicon oxidation layer pattern and does not cover the aperture.

Abstract: The present invention is related to preventing dust agglomeration on a sharp electrode which is used for generating corona. According to certain aspects, the invention includes a dust shroud which decreases or prevents dust accumulation on the sharp electrodes. The dust shroud changes the gas flow path so as to reduce the amount of gas passing near the sharp electrode. An advantage of the shroud is that it prevents dust from building up on the electrodes. The shroud is a simple, passive addition to the electrostatic pump, such that the pump is otherwise able to operate normally throughout its life. In embodiments, the shroud can be used to protect a corona electrode used in heat sink applications especially in electronics cooling. It can also be used in electrostatic precipitators for cleaning dust or chemical or microbe particles from air.

Abstract: Provided herein is a surface treatment method of oil contaminated xerographic prints which increases the adhesion of the print to levels close to the values corresponding to the original uncontaminated paper. Subjecting the contaminated surface to corona treatment alone and in combination with ultraviolet (UV) radiation and ozone can change the chemical structure of the surface of the paper in such a way that a highly polar surface is created as a consequence of this treatment, leading to enhanced adhesion properties of the xerographic print.

Abstract: A corona generating device for charging a surface including, a housing; the housing including spaced generally parallel side panels; members for holding a corona generating electrode in an operable position within the housing; and system for adjusting the height spacing of the corona generating electrode relative to the surface the adjusting system includes a first bridge member adjacent to the inboard wire mount and a second bridge member adjacent to the outboard wire mount, the first bridge member and second bridge member contacts the wire to change the distance of the wire relative to the surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for generating corona discharges, comprising a first assembly, which first assembly is built up of at least one corona discharge space and at least one discharge electrode disposed in the corona discharge space, as well as a high voltage source, an output of which is connected to the at least one discharge electrode. The object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for generating corona discharges as referred to in the introduction, which apparatus is capable of controlling more corona discharge spaces, using the standard parts and components, and which is also suitable for high power levels, therefore.

Abstract: A single electrode electrochemical/electrospray ionization source using a corona discharge and a method of analyzing a sample using a corona discharge single electrode electrochemical/electrospray ionization source are provided. In the corona discharge single electrode electrochemical/electrospray ionization technique electrons are removed from the metal tip of the device through gases present in the electrospray ion source resulting in electrochemical ionization of the sample of interest. The resulting odd electron sample cation (positive ion mode) or anion (negative ion mode) can then be analyzed by an appropriate technique, such as, for example, a mass spectrometer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described to increase the efficiency with which a sample vapor is ionized prior to being introduced into an analyzer. Excellent contact between the vapor and the charging agent is achieved in the ionization chamber by separating it from the analyzer by means of a perforated impaction plate. As a result, some desired fraction of the gas going into the analyzer or coming out of the analyzer can be controlled independently from the flow of sample through the ionization chamber. Furthermore, penetration into said ionization chamber of said desired fraction of the gas going into or out of the analyzer is minimized by controlling the dimensions of said perforated impaction plate. Ions formed in the ionization chamber are driven partly by electric fields through said hole in said perforated impaction plate into the inlet to the analyzer.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus comprises a housing, a driving mechanism and a plurality of cleaning elements. The driving mechanism is disposed in the housing. The cleaning elements are connected to the driving mechanism. The driving mechanism rotates the cleaning elements to clean the emitters.

Abstract: A syringe barrel for pre-filled syringe formulation capable of suppressing the adhesion of air bubbles, and a pre-filled syringe formulation having the adhesion of air bubbles suppressed, are provided, and a process allowing efficient production of the syringe barrel is provided. A syringe barrel for pre-filled syringe formulation having the interior surface treated by corona discharge; a pre-filled syringe formulation having a drug solution filled and sealed in the syringe barrel; and a process for producing a syringe barrel for pre-filled syringe formulation, including subjecting the interior surface of a syringe barrel to a corona discharge treatment.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a corona discharger including: a stylus electrode; and a cleaning member capable of slidably moving along a longitudinal direction of the stylus electrode in the state that the stylus electrode is sandwiched in the cleaning member, wherein the cleaning member includes: a movable body attached to a case section of the corona discharger so as to be movable along the longitudinal direction of the stylus electrode; a first slidably-contacting member and a second slidably-contacting member which are supported by the movable body and between which the stylus electrode is inserted; and an urging unit interposed between the movable body and the first slidably-contacting member so as to elastically urge the first slidably-contacting member to the second slidably-contacting member.

Abstract: This is a modular connector used to supply electricity and air to a corona assembly. The connector has an electrical component removably positioned on an air component. When one of these components becomes inoperative, it can be detached from the other component, and the detached component replaced with new functional component. The air component is configured to remove effluents such as ozone and NOx from the corona assembly.

Abstract: An electrode for atmospheric corona discharge apparatus provide a passive conductor whose surface is decorated with nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes. The nanotubes provide for a lower corona discharge initiation voltage and raise the possibility for reduced ozone production on corona discharge devices.

Abstract: Combined desorption and ionization sources are provided to generate molecular ions form a sample disposed on a substrate surface. A heated gas-jet probe or heated solvent stream probe desorbs sample molecules into the gas phase. The desorbed sample molecules are ionized by reaction between the sample molecule and charged solvent droplets. The charged solvent droplets may be produced by electrospray probe or by a corona discharge. The combined desorption and ionization sources coupled by a vacuum interface to a mass spectrometer, where the sample molecule ions can be analyzed.

Abstract: A corona generating device for charging a surface including, a housing; the housing including spaced generally parallel side panels; members for holding a corona generating electrode in an operable position within the housing; and system for adjusting the height spacing of the corona generating electrode relative to the surface the adjusting system includes a first bridge member adjacent to the inboard wire mount and a second bridge member adjacent to the outboard wire mount, the first bridge member and second bridge member contacts the wire to change the distance of the wire relative to the surface.

Abstract: A system and apparatus that removes and collects non-functional wire assemblies from dicorotron units is described. It has a removal tool mounted on the top of a storage box. The removal tool has an open top and bottom, the open bottom is aligned with an opening in the top of the box to permit a dislodged wire assembly to fall therethrough.

Abstract: Electrostatic printing processes utilize corona-charging units. When those units wear out or become faulty, they need to be replaced. This embodiment provides a tool that can be used to remove a faulty electrode wire assembly from the unit. This same tool when loaded with a new wire assembly can insert a new wire assembly into the emptied corona charging unit, sometimes referred to as a dicorotron unit. The tool, therefore, is used both to remove or insert a wire assembly from or into a dicorotron unit.

Abstract: A single electrode electrochemical/electrospray ionization source using a corona discharge and a method of analyzing a sample using a corona discharge single electrode electrochemical/electrospray ionization source are provided. In the corona discharge single electrode electrochemical/electrospray ionization technique electrons are removed from the metal tip of the device through gases present in the electrospray ion source resulting in electrochemical ionization of the sample of interest. The resulting odd electron sample cation (positive ion mode) or anion (negative ion mode) can then be analyzed by an appropriate technique, such as, for example, a mass spectrometer.

Abstract: An IMS or other analytical instrument has a corona discharge needle (20) to ionize sample gases or vapours. A gate (3) is opened or closed to admit or prevent entry of the ions produced by the corona discharge to a drift chamber (4). The operation of the corona discharge needle (20) and the gate (3) are controlled such that the gate is open during at least two discharges, to admit faster ions produced by the most recent discharge together with slower ions produced by an earlier discharge.

Abstract: The invention provides an interface assembly for delivering an ionized analyte from an ionization apparatus into an ion mobility spectrometer. This allows analysis of biological and non-biological samples, even non-volatile solids, via differential mobility spectrometry, without fragmentation of molecules. The invention also provides portable sample analysis systems that operate at ambient pressure. Systems of the invention may be used for high molecular weight species detection, for example, drinking water contaminants, pathogenic biological agents, bio-organic substances, non-biological material, peptides, proteins, oligonucleotides, polymers, bacteria, and hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A plasma sprayed TiO2 coating is used to remove effluents produced during an electrical charging step using a corona charging device. The plasma spray allows for the application of TiO2 ceramic to an aluminum dicorotron housing. Plasma spray also increases the electrical conductivity of the TiO2 (which is necessary for the dicorotron operation). Plasma sprayed coatings are also porous which aids in the capture and reduction of effluents.

Abstract: A corona discharge mass spectrometer or an ion mobility spectrometer is provided with a robust corona discharge ionization source. The corona discharge ionization source, which can be operated at atmospheric pressures or at low vacuum, includes a multi-thread electrode and plane electrode. The multiple thread electrode has multiple discharge tips which provide redundancy, and improve ionization stability and the reliability and efficiency of the ionization source.

Abstract: A charging mechanism for an electrophotographic reproduction system has a charger cartridge inserted into a charger sleeve. The charger cartridge has multiple facets, each with a corona charger. The charger cartridge is positioned in the charger sleeve to have the corona charger of one facet adjacent to a photoconductor in the electrophotographic reproduction system. The charger cartridge may be repositioned in the charger sleeve to have another corona charger from another facet adjacent to the photoconductor.

Abstract: Conductive coatings usable for coating various elements of corona generating devices and method of forming such coatings are provided. The coatings include graphite and at least one transition metal oxide catalyst. When the conductive coatings are employed in elements of corona generating devices and the devices are activated, the conductivity of the elements is maintained in a manner that preserves the ability of a photoreceptor in an image forming device to retain an image charge in a fashion sufficient to allow subsequent development with toner. The coatings also function to scavenge ozone and neutralize nitrogen oxides formed during operation of corona generating devices. Corona generating devices including elements having such coatings are also provided.

Abstract: A xerographic printing device, including a charging device having a shield. In some embodiments of the shield of the charging device in the xerographic printing device, three slots are provided with one slot in the upstream process direction and the other two slots sharing a common axis in downstream process direction and neither an overlap nor a gap existing between the ends of any of the slots in a longitudinal direction. In another embodiment, a plurality of holes are included in the shield. The charging device can be a corotron, a dicorotron, a scorotron, a discorotron, a pin corotron, a pin scorotron, or any other known or later developed charging device of that type.

Abstract: A dicorotron unit and a wire assembly of a dicorotron unit where a wire electrode is strung between two insulator anchors. The anchors are held in place by flexible grippers. The grippers have flexible tabs that snap into the dicorotron housing and allow the grippers to remain in this housing when the wire assembly is removed from the dicorotron unit.

Abstract: A method of operating a corona discharge device includes producing a high-intensity electric field in an immediate vicinity of at least one corona electrode and continuously or periodically heating the corona electrode to a temperature sufficient to mitigate an undesirable effect of an impurity, such as an oxide layer, formed on the corona electrode.

Abstract: In a xerographic printing apparatus, a scorotron places a uniform charge on a photoreceptor for forming electrostatic latent images. Three conductive pin arrays are disposed in a housing defined by sidewalls and a screen adjacent the photoreceptor. There can be provided insulative walls between adjacent pin arrays. The screen and a surface of the housing can be curved to correspond to a curvature of the photoreceptor.

Abstract: A scorotron used in xerography is connected to a voltage source within a printing apparatus through a pin. The pin is anchored in an insulative end block which defines channels therein, each channel enclosing a portion of a corona member which extends the length of the scorotron. Each corona member defines a specially-shaped opening, the openings of a plurality of corona members being aligned to accept the pin therethrough. A cover block is placed over the end block to complete the enclosure of the portions of the corona member. The cover block also defines a collar which surrounds a portion of the pin, and lugs on which a screen of the scorotron is mounted.

Abstract: The invention is directed to self-regenerative, polymeric coatings and methods of using the coatings in xerography to increase the life and effectiveness of catalytic surfaces, such as, for example, charging device surfaces, by neutralizing ozone and nitrogen oxide species.

Abstract: A device for handling a fluid includes a corona discharge device and an electric power supply. The corona discharge device includes at least one corona discharge electrode and at least one collector electrode positioned proximate each other so as to provide a total inter-electrode capacitance within a predetermined range. The electric power supply is connected to supply an electric power signal to said corona discharge and collector electrodes so as to cause a corona current to flow between the corona discharge and collector electrodes. An amplitude of an alternating component of the voltage of the electric power signal generated is no greater than one-tenth that of an amplitude of a constant component of the voltage of the electric power signal.

Abstract: A charging apparatus has a discharging member with a plurality of protrusions and an auxiliary member for assisting discharges by the discharging member, and an insulating member formed among the plurality of protrusions of the discharging member, so that discharge is made between the discharging member and the auxiliary member upon application of a voltage between the discharging member and the auxiliary member. Where an interval among distal ends of the plurality of protrusions of the discharging member is denoted as P and an interval between the discharging member and the auxiliary member is denoted as D, P is at least equal to or greater than D.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus wherein a wire of a charger is cleaned while a process unit is attached to or removed from a casing. A cleaning unit pinches the wire of the charger therein slidably, and reciprocates to clean the wire when the process unit is attached to or removed from the casing.