Abstract: The invention concerns an exchangeable component (3) of a textile machine with a surface coating (18a) or a treated surface, wherein invented color elements are embedded, so that the color elements, that is to say, the surrounding area of the coating (18a) or the treatment, upon radiation by with light of a first wave length or of a spectral range of wave lengths (102), emit light of a second predetermined wave length (103) or a second predetermined spectral range of wave lengths. Furthermore, a detection apparatus (142, 143) is provided with a source of illumination for the radiation of such a component (3) and for the detection of the emitted light (103).

Abstract: Described is a method which uses spectral data simultaneously collected in a continuous array of discrete wavelength points of the visible spectrum adjacent to the infrared and near infrared part of the light spectrum. The spectral data is collected using a number of detectors with different sensitivity ranges. Some detectors may be sensitive to visible and possibly, to part of the near infrared portion of radiation. Spectral data from die infrared spectrum is collected with the infrared detectors, and are in some embodiments insensitive to the visible links.

Abstract: A high resolution hyperspectral imaging apparatus (10) for analyzing atmospheric constituents. The apparatus (10) includes an optical telescope that receives an optical beam to be analyzed. A beam splitter (20) separates the optical beam into a first beam and a second beam that have separate wavelengths. A first spectrograph (72) analyzes the first beam and a second spectrograph (74) analyzes the second beam. Both spectrographs (72, 74) include a lens assembly (36, 44), a grating (42, 50) and a detector (54, 52). The gratings (42, 50) separate the beams into representative wavelengths that are recorded by the detectors (54, 52).

Abstract: A chemical imaging system is provided which uses a near infrared radiation microscope. The system includes an illumination source which illuminates an area of a sample using light in the near infrared radiation wavelength and light in the visible wavelength. A multitude of spatially resolved spectra of transmitted, reflected, emitted or scattered near infrared wavelength radiation light from the illuminated area of the sample is collected and a collimated beam is produced therefrom. A near infrared imaging spectrometer is provided for selecting a near infrared radiation image of the collimated beam. The filtered images are collected by a detector for further processing. The visible wavelength light from the illuminated area of the sample is simultaneously detected providing for the simultaneous visible and near infrared chemical imaging analysis of the sample. Two efficient means for performing three dimensional near infrared chemical imaging microscopy are provided.

Abstract: An optical system for a gas component analysis includes an emitter for emitting first light beam having a first spectrum, a second emitter for emitting a second light beam at a second spectrum, a first receiver for receiving the first light beam, and a second receiver for receiving the second light beam.

Abstract: A system and method for remote emissions detection that uses a composite beam of ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) radiation. The composite beam is used to perform spectroscopic measurements on an emissions source plume. The composite beam is not split during detection, and may, among other things, be used to detect NOx in the emissions plume.

Abstract: A robust two spectral band radiometer for long-term stand-alone spectral radiance measurements in the field is provided. The instrument can be used to monitor various surface parameters over prolonged periods of time by automatically collecting spectral radiance measurements at a user selected time interval (minutes to days). Two main applications are the monitoring of water surface parameters, such as total SSC and turbidity, and on-land vegetation by collecting spectral radiance measurements in a broad visible red and near-infrared spectral bands. Use for other application is possible using different spectral bands and multiple radiometers. Also included is the use of a ratioing technique to correlate the spectral radiance values rather than spectral reflectance values to the surface parameters of interest; this simplifies both the filed instrumentation requirements and post processing procedures.

Abstract: A remote platform obtaining a spectrum of one or more locations by moving the platform to sequentially illuminating the locations with different wavelengths of radiation. The different wavelengths of radiation reflected from the locations may be sequentially detected and converted into data. Spectra of the locations may be assembled from the data that was sequentially collected as the platform moved.

Abstract: An optical measuring arrangement, particularly for quality control in continuous material flow processes, comprising a measuring head which is arranged immediately adjacent to a measurement object, a measurement light source which is held at the measuring head for illuminating a measurement spot on the measurement object, a measurement light reception device, at least one spectrometer which is optically coupled with the measurement light reception device via a light-conducting device, wherein the spectrometer and the light-conducting device are received in the measuring head, and a signal processing device which is likewise received in the measuring head. This results in a compact arrangement for reflection measurement which is easy to assemble and which, beyond this, supplies very accurate measurement results. Further, a measuring arrangement operating on the principle of spectroscopy is suggested for transmission measurement.

Abstract: A robust two spectral band radiometer for long-term stand-alone spectral radiance measurements in the field is provided. The instrument can be used to monitor various surface parameters over prolonged periods of time by automatically collecting spectral radiance measurements at a user selected time interval (minutes to days). Two main applications are the monitoring of water surface parameters, such as total SSC and turbidity, and on-land vegetation by collecting spectral radiance measurements in a broad visible red and near-infrared spectral bands. Use for other application is possible using different spectral bands and multiple radiometers. Also included is the use of a ratioing technique to correlate the spectral radiance values rather than spectral reflectance values to the surface parameters of interest; this simplifies both the filed instrumentation requirements and post processing procedures.

Abstract: A method for determining the mechanical properties of decayed wood that has been exposed to wood decay microorganisms, comprising: a) illuminating a surface of decayed wood that has been exposed to wood decay microorganisms with wavelengths from visible and near infrared (VIS-NIR) spectra; b) analyzing the surface of the decayed wood using a spectrometric method, the method generating a first spectral data of wavelengths in VIS-NIR spectra region; and c) using a multivariate analysis to predict mechanical properties of decayed wood by comparing the first spectral data with a calibration model, the calibration model comprising a second spectrometric method of spectral data of wavelengths in VIS-NIR spectra obtained from a reference decay wood, the second spectral data being correlated with a known mechanical property analytical result obtained from the reference decayed wood.

Abstract: A spectrum measuring apparatus for measuring infrared, Raman and fluorescence spectra. The spectrum measuring apparatus includes an infrared source, a laser source, an infrared up-conversion object lens, an object lens, a dual color lens, an ocular, a narrow band filter, a visible light image capturing device and a sample pedestal. The infrared spectrum is measured by the infrared up-conversion object lens. The Raman and fluorescence spectra are measured by the object lens.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring pollutants in a vehicle exhaust by remotely sensing hydrocarbons and nitric oxide using ultraviolet light, and measuring carbon dioxide and other pollutants using infrared light. A collimated beam of ultraviolet and a near-infrared light is propagated across the road through the exhaust plume of a vehicle. After the light beam has passed through the exhaust, a retroreflector reflects the light beam back. A beam splitter passes the infrared light to an infrared detector and deflects the ultraviolet light to an ultraviolet spectrometer. The ultraviolet spectrometer produces ultraviolet signals representative of the amount of hydrocarbons and nitric oxide in the vehicle exhaust. The infrared detector produces an infrared signal representative of the amount of carbon dioxide and other pollutants in the exhaust plume. The spectrometer and detector send the respective signals to a processor for calculation of the amounts of pollutants in the exhaust.

Abstract: An optical system for a gas component analysis includes an emitter for emitting first light beam having a first spectrum, a second emitter for emitting a second light beam at a second spectrum, a first receiver for receiving the first light beam, and a second receiver for receiving the second light beam.

Abstract: In a method for determining the dry mechanical strength for a green wood, the improvement comprising: (a) illuminating a surface of the wood to be determined with a reduced range of wavelengths in the VIS-NIR spectra 400 to 1150 nm, said wood having a green moisture content; (b) analyzing the surface of the wood using a spectrometric method, the method generating a first spectral data of a reduced range of wavelengths in VIS-NIR spectra; and (c) using a multivariate analysis technique to predict the mechanical strength of green wood when dry by comparing the first spectral data with a calibration model, the calibration model comprising a second spectrometric method of spectral data of a reduced range of wavelengths in VIS-NIR spectra obtained from a reference wood having a green moisture content, the second spectral being correlated with a known mechanical strength analytical result obtained from the reference wood when dried and a having a dry moisture content.

Abstract: A process and system for flame detection includes a microprocessor-controlled detector with an array of sensors for sensing radiant energy from a fire or other heat source. A wide band infrared sensor is used as the primary detector, with near band and visible band sensors serving to detect false-alarm energy from nonfire sources. A narrow band sensor, such as a 4.3-micron sensor, is also employed in the sensor array, and assists in the detection of hydrocarbon fires. Digital signal processing is used to analyze sensed data and discriminate against false alarms. A multistage alarm system can be provided, which is selectively triggered by the microprocessor. Spectral recording and analysis of prefire data is provided for. The detector can be housed in an enclosed, sealed, removable, plastic housing that may include an integral plastic window lens.

Abstract: A dual wavelength focal plane has a first array of infrared sensing pixel elements and a second array of visible light pixel elements adapted to be selective to colors encountered while driving an automobile. The second array is selective to the colors red, blue and green, so being selective to traffic control signals, including brake lights of other automobiles. The arrays are vertically stacked on a monolithic silicon substrate. The arrays are electrically coupled to a processor and display to integrate the infrared and color pixel elements into a view for a driver of the automobile.

Abstract: In a method for determining the dry mechanical strength for a green wood, the improvement comprising: (a) illuminating a surface of the wood to be determined with a reduced range of wavelengths in the VIS-NIR spectra 400 to 1150 nm, said wood having a green moisture content; (b) analyzing the surface of the wood using a spectrometric method, the method generating a first spectral data of a reduced range of wavelengths in VIS-NIR spectra; and (c) using a multivariate analysis technique to predict the mechanical strength of green wood when dry by comparing the first spectral data with a calibration model, the calibration model comprising a second spectrometric method of spectral data of a reduced range of wavelengths in VIS-NIR spectra obtained from a reference wood having a green moisture content, the second spectral being correlated with a known mechanical strength analytical result obtained from the reference wood when dried and a having a dry moisture content.

Abstract: An alkylation process that employs a refractive index analyzer to monitor, control, and/or determine acid catalyst strength before, during, or after the alkylation reaction. In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to the alkylation of an olefinic feedstock with a sulfuric acid catalyst. The acid typically enters the alkylation reactor train at between from about 92 to about 98 weight percent strength. The concentration of acid is controlled and maintained by monitoring the refractive index of the acid in the product mixture comprising alkylate, mineral acid, water, and red oil. At least one online analyzer using a refractometer prism sensor producing real-time measurements of the refractive index of the solution may be compared to the results of manual laboratory tests on the acid strength of the catalyst using manual sample analyses or titration methods. Periodically, after calibration of the system, samples may be taken to verify the precision of the online analyzer, if desired.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting and classifying an object, including a human intruder. The apparatus includes one or more passive thermal radiation sensors that generate a plurality of signals responsive to thermal radiation. A calculation circuit compares the plurality of signals to a threshold condition and outputs an alarm signal when the threshold condition is met, indicating the presence of the object. The method includes detecting thermal radiation from an object at a first and second wavelength and generating a first and second responsive signal. The signals are compared to a threshold condition that indicates whether the object is an intruder.

Abstract: A single pass scanner having a trilinear array, a source of white light, filters of the three primary colors and a separate source of infrared light is used in various methods of removing medium-based defects from a scanned film image. The method generates an infrared channel in addition to the common visible channels by covering the parallel rows of sensors in the trilinear array respectively with a red, green and blue filter to create the three color channels. Normally, each of the three color filters also passes infrared light, which is removed by filters external to the sensors. In a specific embodiment, interstitial in time between two visible light scans, the sensor is exposed to infrared light for a single scan. As the trilinear array sweeps across an image in time and spatial synchronization with the exposing lights, at least two visible channels and an infrared channel are generated.

Abstract: A process and system for flame detection includes a microprocessor-controlled detector with at least three sensors. A wide band infrared sensor is used as the primary detector, with near band and visible band sensors serving to detect false-alarm energy from nonfire sources. Digital signal processing is used to analyze sensed data and discriminate against false alarms. A multistage alarm system can be provided, which is selectively triggered by the microprocessor. Spectral recording and analysis of prefire data is provided for. The detector can be housed in an enclosed, sealed, removable, plastic housing that may include an integral plastic window lens.

Abstract: An optical measuring arrangement, particularly for quality control in continuous material flow processes, comprising a measuring head which is arranged immediately adjacent to a measurement object, a measurement light source which is held at the measuring head for illuminating a measurement spot on the measurement object, a measurement light reception device, at least one spectrometer which is optically coupled with the measurement light reception device via a light-conducting device, wherein the spectrometer and the light-conducting device are received in the measuring head, and a signal processing device which is likewise received in the measuring head. This results in a compact arrangement for reflection measurement which is easy to assemble and which, beyond this, supplies very accurate measurement results. Further, a measuring arrangement operating on the principle of spectroscopy is suggested for transmission measurement.

Abstract: A sensor assembly for imaging passive infrared (IR) scenes and active laser radar (LADAR) scenes and for generating multi-dimension image data sets, and a method for same. A two-dimensional semiconductor imager sensitive to both passive IR radiation and active LADAR radiation when used in conjunction with subsequent signal processing creates a two-dimension passive image data set and a three-dimension active image data set with common x and y coordinates. The passive image data set is collected substantially proximate in time with the active image data set. The two image data sets are combined to form a multi-dimension image data set with the surface of three-dimensional objects indicating heat emission. The sensor assembly applies to burst illumination LADARs operating at a variety of wavelengths and passive IR detection in the middle wavelength IR (MWIR) or long wavelength IR (LWIR).

Abstract: A thermopile radiation detector (10) has an optical filter layer (16) that supports a thermopile detector (22) and, in addition, filters undesired wavelengths. The filtering is accomplished by selectively absorbing electromagnetic radiation at predetermined wavelengths. The use of the thermopile radiation detector simplifies the overall construction of a system that incorporates the detector by eliminating one focal point in the optical system. By altering the filter material, the number of layers of filter material, etc., a plurality of detectors can be constructed, each responsive to a different wavelength. In forming the detector, the filter can be deposited on a thin backing material such as aluminum. Examples of suitable filter materials include alternating layers of zinc selenide/magnesium fluoride or germanium/magnesium fluoride. After the filter is deposited, the backing is etched away and suitable thermocouples, such as bismuth/antimony, are deposited on one side of the filter.

Abstract: A multiwavelength imaging and spectroscopic photoemission microscope system (100) which simultaneously provides images in a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as between 200 nm-1000 nm (optical or visible light) and 1000 nm-500 nm (infrared light). The multiwavelength imaging and spectroscopic photoemission microscope system comprises a microscope (102), a spectrometer (106), a beam splitter (108), a first spectrum focal plane array (110) including an appropriate photodiode (114A), a second spectrum focal plane array (120) including an appropriate photodiode (114B), and a cryogenic vessel (160) to maintain relevant portions of the system at a very low temperature. The invention may be used in failure analysis of integrated circuits and in semiconductor and low temperature physics.

Abstract: A multi-channel spectral imaging module for an automated testing system for cytological applications. The multi-channel spetral imaging module generates four channels of digitized images of a cytological specimen for further processing in the automated testing system. The multi-spectral imaging module comprises a visible light source and an infrared light source, an optical imaging module, a prism module, and an output stage. The cytological specimen is strobed by the visible light and infrared light sources and the illuminated images of the specimen are focussed and coupled to the prism module by the optical imaging module. The prism module breaks the illuminated image into four channels comprising three visible light channels and an infrared channel. The output stage comprises a CCD array sensor for each channel. The CCD array sensor digitizes the image for channel and produces an output for further processing.

Abstract: An early warning system for detecting the UV from a missile plume has a wide field of view, large spectral bandwidth, solar blind detector. A coated detector passes only a spectral region that embraces UV signals of interest and a wavelength shifter includes a material that shifts the impinging UV energy into a spectrum that embraces the frequencies emitted by fluorescent photons. A photomultiplier tube responsive to the fluorescent emissions provides a responsive read-out indicative of an incoming missile.